Sorting algorithms/Pancake sort
You are encouraged to solve this task according to the task description, using any language you may know.
Sorting Algorithm
This is a sorting algorithm. It may be applied to a set of data in order to sort it.
For comparing various sorts, see compare sorts.
For other sorting algorithms, see sorting algorithms, or:
Heap sort | Merge sort | Patience sort | Quick sort
O(n log2n) sorts
Shell Sort
O(n2) sorts
Bubble sort |
Cocktail sort |
Cocktail sort with shifting bounds |
Comb sort |
Cycle sort |
Gnome sort |
Insertion sort |
Selection sort |
Strand sort
other sorts
Bead sort |
Bogo sort |
Common sorted list |
Composite structures sort |
Custom comparator sort |
Counting sort |
Disjoint sublist sort |
External sort |
Jort sort |
Lexicographical sort |
Natural sorting |
Order by pair comparisons |
Order disjoint list items |
Order two numerical lists |
Object identifier (OID) sort |
Pancake sort |
Quickselect |
Permutation sort |
Radix sort |
Ranking methods |
Remove duplicate elements |
Sleep sort |
Stooge sort |
[Sort letters of a string] |
Three variable sort |
Topological sort |
Tree sort
Sort an array of integers (of any convenient size) into ascending order using Pancake sorting. In short, instead of individual elements being sorted, the only operation allowed is to "flip" one end of the list, like so:
Before: 6 7 8 9 2 5 3 4 1 After: 9 8 7 6 2 5 3 4 1
Only one end of the list can be flipped; this should be the low end, but the high end is okay if it's easier to code or works better, but it must be the same end for the entire solution. (The end flipped can't be arbitrarily changed.)
Show both the initial, unsorted list and the final sorted list. (Intermediate steps during sorting are optional.) Optimizations are optional (but recommended).
For more information on pancake sorting, see the Wikipedia entry.
See also:
Ada
<lang Ada>with Ada.Text_IO; procedure Pancake_Sort is
generic
type Element_Type is private;
type Index_Type is range <>;
type Array_Type is array (Index_Type range <>) of Element_Type;
with function ">" (Left, Right : Element_Type) return Boolean is <>;
procedure Pancake_Sort (Data: in out Array_Type);
procedure Pancake_Sort (Data: in out Array_Type) is
procedure Flip (Up_To : in Index_Type) is
Temp : constant Array_Type := Data (Data'First .. Up_To);
begin
for I in Temp'Range loop
Data (I) := Temp (Temp'First + Up_To - I);
end loop;
end Flip;
Max_Index : Index_Type;
begin
for I in reverse Data'First + 1 .. Data'Last loop
Max_Index := Data'First;
for A in Data'First + 1 .. I loop
if Data(A) > Data (Max_Index) then
Max_Index := A;
end if;
end loop;
if Max_Index /= I then
if Max_Index > Data'First then
Flip (Max_Index);
end if;
Flip (I);
end if;
end loop;
end Pancake_Sort;
type Integer_Array is array (Positive range <>) of Integer; procedure Int_Pancake_Sort is new Pancake_Sort (Integer, Positive, Integer_Array); Test_Array : Integer_Array := (3, 14, 1, 5, 9, 2, 6, 3);
begin
Int_Pancake_Sort (Test_Array);
for I in Test_Array'Range loop
Ada.Text_IO.Put (Integer'Image (Test_Array (I)));
end loop;
Ada.Text_IO.New_Line;
end Pancake_Sort;</lang>
Output:
1 2 3 3 5 6 9 14
AutoHotkey
<lang autohotkey>;--------------------------------------------------------------------------- Loop { ; test loop
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Loop, % Data0 := 10
Random, Data%A_Index%, 10, 99
Unsorted := Array2List("Data")
PancakeSort("Data")
Sorted := Array2List("Data")
MsgBox, 1, Pancake Sort, %Unsorted%`n%Sorted%
IfMsgBox, Cancel, Break
}
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
PancakeSort(Array) { ; implementation of pancake sort algorithm
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Loop, % %Array%0 - 1 {
m := 0
Loop, % s := %Array%0 - A_Index + 1
If (m <= %Array%%A_Index%)
m := %Array%%A_Index%, p := A_Index
If (p < s) && (p > 1)
Flip(Array, p)
If (p < s)
Flip(Array, s)
}
}
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Flip(Array, n) { ; flip the first n members of Array
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Loop, % x := n // 2 {
i := n - A_Index + 1
%Array%%i% := (%Array%%A_Index% "", %Array%%A_Index% := %Array%%i%)
}
}
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Array2List(Array) { ; returns a space separated list from an array
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Loop, % %Array%0
List .= (A_Index = 1 ? "" : " ") %Array%%A_Index%
Return, List
} </lang>
BASIC
Text
<lang qbasic>RANDOMIZE TIMER
DIM nums(9) AS INTEGER DIM L0 AS INTEGER, L1 AS INTEGER, n AS INTEGER
'initial values FOR L0 = 0 TO 9
nums(L0) = L0
NEXT 'scramble FOR L0 = 9 TO 1 STEP -1
n = INT(RND * (L0)) + 1 IF n <> L0 THEN SWAP nums(n), nums(L0)
NEXT 'display initial condition FOR L0 = 0 TO 9
PRINT nums(L0);
NEXT PRINT
FOR L1 = 9 TO 1 STEP -1
n = 0
FOR L0 = 1 TO L1
IF nums(n) < nums(L0) THEN n = L0
NEXT
IF (n < L1) THEN
IF (n > 0) THEN
FOR L0 = 0 TO (n \ 2)
SWAP nums(L0), nums(n - L0)
NEXT
FOR L0 = 0 TO 9
PRINT nums(L0);
NEXT
PRINT
END IF
FOR L0 = 0 TO (L1 \ 2)
SWAP nums(L0), nums(L1 - L0)
NEXT
FOR L0 = 0 TO 9
PRINT nums(L0);
NEXT
PRINT
END IF
NEXT</lang>
Sample output:
0 4 6 1 8 7 2 5 3 9 8 1 6 4 0 7 2 5 3 9 3 5 2 7 0 4 6 1 8 9 7 2 5 3 0 4 6 1 8 9 1 6 4 0 3 5 2 7 8 9 6 1 4 0 3 5 2 7 8 9 2 5 3 0 4 1 6 7 8 9 5 2 3 0 4 1 6 7 8 9 1 4 0 3 2 5 6 7 8 9 4 1 0 3 2 5 6 7 8 9 2 3 0 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 3 2 0 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 0 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Graphics
This is a graphical variation of the above.
<lang qbasic>RANDOMIZE TIMER
CONST delay = .1 'controls display speed
DIM nums(14) AS INTEGER DIM L0 AS INTEGER, L1 AS INTEGER, n AS INTEGER, ttmp AS SINGLE
'initial values FOR L0 = 0 TO 14
nums(L0) = L0
NEXT 'scramble FOR L0 = 14 TO 1 STEP -1
n = INT(RND * (L0)) + 1 IF n <> L0 THEN SWAP nums(n), nums(L0)
NEXT
'display initial condition CLS GOSUB displayer
FOR L1 = 14 TO 1 STEP -1
n = 0
FOR L0 = 1 TO L1
IF nums(n) < nums(L0) THEN n = L0
NEXT
IF (n < L1) THEN
IF (n > 0) THEN
FOR L0 = 0 TO (n \ 2)
SWAP nums(L0), nums(n - L0)
NEXT
GOSUB displayer
END IF
FOR L0 = 0 TO (L1 \ 2)
SWAP nums(L0), nums(L1 - L0)
NEXT
GOSUB displayer END IF
NEXT
COLOR 7 END
displayer:
LOCATE 1, 1
FOR L0 = 0 TO 14
COLOR nums(L0) + 1
IF nums(L0) < 10 THEN PRINT " ";
PRINT RTRIM$(LTRIM$(STR$(nums(L0)))); STRING$(nums(L0), 219); SPACE$(20)
NEXT
ttmp = TIMER
DO WHILE TIMER < ttmp + delay: LOOP
RETURN</lang>
Sample output:
BBC BASIC
<lang bbcbasic> DIM test(9)
test() = 4, 65, 2, -31, 0, 99, 2, 83, 782, 1
PROCpancakesort(test())
FOR i% = 0 TO 9
PRINT test(i%) ;
NEXT
PRINT
END
DEF PROCpancakesort(a())
LOCAL i%, j%, m%
FOR i% = DIM(a(),1)+1 TO 2 STEP -1
m% = 0
FOR j% = 1 TO i%-1
IF a(j%) > a(m%) m% = j%
NEXT
m% += 1
IF m% < i% THEN
IF m% > 1 PROCflip(a(), m%)
PROCflip(a(), i%)
ENDIF
NEXT
ENDPROC
DEF PROCflip(a(), n%)
IF n% < 2 ENDPROC
LOCAL i%
n% -= 1
FOR i% = 0 TO n% DIV 2
SWAP a(i%), a(n%-i%)
NEXT
ENDPROC</lang>
Output:
-31 0 1 2 2 4 65 83 99 782
C
The function that sorts: <lang c>int pancake_sort(int *list, unsigned int length) {
//If it's less than 2 long, just return it as sorting isn't really needed...
if(length<2)
return 0;
int i,a,max_num_pos,moves; moves=0;
for(i=length;i>1;i--)
{
//Find position of the max number in pos(0) to pos(i)
max_num_pos=0;
for(a=0;a<i;a++)
{
if(list[a]>list[max_num_pos])
max_num_pos=a;
}
if(max_num_pos==i-1)
//It's where it need to be, skip
continue;
//Get the found max number to the beginning of the list (unless it already is)
if(max_num_pos)
{
moves++;
do_flip(list, length, max_num_pos+1);
}
//And then move it to the end of the range we're working with (pos(0) to pos(i))
moves++;
do_flip(list, length, i);
//Then everything above list[i-1] is sorted and don't need to be touched
}
return moves;
}</lang>
Where do_flip() is a simple function to flip a part of an array: <lang c>void do_flip(int *list, int length, int num) {
int swap;
int i=0;
for(i;i<--num;i++)
{
swap=list[i];
list[i]=list[num];
list[num]=swap;
}
}</lang>
Testing the function: <lang c>int main(int argc, char **argv) {
//Just need some random numbers. I chose <100
int list[9];
int i;
srand(time(NULL));
for(i=0;i<9;i++)
list[i]=rand()%100;
//Print list, run code and print it again displaying number of moves
printf("\nOriginal: ");
print_array(list, 9);
int moves = pancake_sort(list, 9, 1);
printf("\nSorted: ");
print_array(list, 9);
printf(" - with a total of %d moves\n", moves);
}</lang>
C++
<lang c>#include <algorithm>
- include <iostream>
- include <iterator>
- include <vector>
// pancake sort template (calls predicate to determine order) template <typename BidIt, typename Pred> void pancake_sort(BidIt first, BidIt last, Pred order) {
if (std::distance(first, last) < 2) return; // no sort needed
for (; first != last; --last)
{
BidIt mid = std::max_element(first, last, order);
if (mid == last - 1)
{
continue; // no flips needed
}
if (first != mid)
{
std::reverse(first, mid + 1); // flip element to front
}
std::reverse(first, last); // flip front to final position
}
}
// pancake sort template (ascending order) template <typename BidIt> void pancake_sort(BidIt first, BidIt last) {
pancake_sort(first, last, std::less<typename std::iterator_traits<BidIt>::value_type>());
}
int main() {
std::vector<int> data;
for (int i = 0; i < 20; ++i)
{
data.push_back(i); // generate test data
}
std::random_shuffle(data.begin(), data.end()); // scramble data
std::copy(data.begin(), data.end(), std::ostream_iterator<int>(std::cout, " ")); std::cout << "\n";
pancake_sort(data.begin(), data.end()); // ascending pancake sort
std::copy(data.begin(), data.end(), std::ostream_iterator<int>(std::cout, " ")); std::cout << "\n";
}</lang>Output:
4 10 11 15 14 16 17 1 6 9 3 7 19 2 0 12 5 18 13 8 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
C#
<lang C sharp|C#> public static class PancakeSorter {
public static void Sort<T>(List<T> list) where T : IComparable
{
if (list.Count < 2)
{
return;
}
int i, a, max_num_pos;
for (i = list.Count; i > 1; i--)
{
max_num_pos = 0;
for (a = 0; a < i; a++)
{
if (list[a].CompareTo(list[max_num_pos]) > 0)
{
max_num_pos = a;
}
}
if (max_num_pos == i - 1)
{
continue;
}
if (max_num_pos > 0)
{
Flip(list, list.Count, max_num_pos + 1);
}
Flip(list, list.Count, i);
}
return;
}
private static void Flip<T>(List<T> list, int length, int num)
{
for (int i = 0; i < --num; i++)
{
T swap = list[i];
list[i] = list[num];
list[num] = swap;
}
}
} </lang>
Common Lisp
<lang lisp>(defun pancake-sort (seq)
"A destructive version of Pancake Sort that works with either lists or arrays of numbers." (defun flip (lst index) (setf (subseq lst 0 index) (reverse (subseq lst 0 index)))) (loop with lst = (coerce seq 'list)
for i from (length lst) downto 2 for index = (position (apply #'max (subseq lst 0 i)) lst) do (unless (= index 0) (flip lst (1+ index))) (flip lst i) finally (return (coerce lst (type-of seq)))))</lang> Output: <lang lisp>CL-USER> (pancake-sort '(6 7 8 9 2 5 3 4 1)) ;list (1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9) CL-USER> (pancake-sort #(6 7 8 9 2 5 3 4 1)) ;array
- (1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9)
CL-USER> (pancake-sort #(6.5 7.5 8 9 2 5 3 4 1.0)) ;array with integer and floating point values
- (1.0 2 3 4 5 6.5 7.5 8 9)</lang>
D
<lang d>import std.stdio, std.algorithm;
void pancakeSort(bool tutor=false, T)(T[] data) {
foreach_reverse (immutable i; 2 .. data.length + 1) {
immutable maxIndex = i - data[0 .. i].minPos!q{a > b}.length;
if (maxIndex + 1 != i) {
if (maxIndex != 0) {
static if (tutor)
writeln("With: ", data, " doflip ", maxIndex + 1);
data[0 .. maxIndex + 1].reverse();
}
static if (tutor)
writeln("With: ", data, " doflip ", i);
data[0 .. i].reverse();
}
}
}
void main() {
auto data = "769248135".dup; data.pancakeSort!true; data.writeln;
}</lang>
- Output:
With: 769248135 doflip 3 With: 967248135 doflip 9 With: 531842769 doflip 4 With: 813542769 doflip 8 With: 672453189 doflip 2 With: 762453189 doflip 7 With: 135426789 doflip 3 With: 531426789 doflip 5 With: 241356789 doflip 2 With: 421356789 doflip 4 With: 312456789 doflip 3 With: 213456789 doflip 2 123456789
Eiffel
<lang Eiffel> class PANCAKE_SORT create make feature{NONE}
arraymax(array: ARRAY [INTEGER]; upper: INTEGER):INTEGER
require
upper_index_positive: upper >=0 array_exists: array/= void
local
i, cur_max, index: INTEGER
do
from
i:=1
cur_max := array.item (i)
index := i
until
i+1 > upper
loop
if array.item(i+1) > cur_max then
cur_max := array.item(i+1)
index := i+1
end
i := i + 1
end
Result:=index
ensure
Index_positive: Result > 0
end
reverse_array(ar:ARRAY[INTEGER]; upper:INTEGER):ARRAY[INTEGER]
require
upper_positive: upper >0
ar_not_void: ar /= void
local
i,j:INTEGER
new_array: ARRAY[INTEGER]
do
create new_array.make_empty
new_array.copy (ar) from i:= 1 j:=upper until i>j loop new_array[i]:=ar[j] new_array[j]:=ar[i] i:=i+1 j:=j-1 end Result:= new_array
ensure
same_length: ar.count = Result.count
end
sort(ar:ARRAY[INTEGER]):ARRAY[INTEGER] local i:INTEGER do my_array:=ar
from i:=ar.count until i=1 loop my_array:=reverse_array(reverse_array(my_array, arraymax(my_array,i)),i) i:=i-1 end
Result := my_array
ensure
same_length: ar.count= Result.count
end
my_array:ARRAY[INTEGER]
feature
make(ar:ARRAY[INTEGER]) do create my_array.make_from_array(ar) end
pancake_sort:ARRAY[INTEGER] do Result:= sort(my_array) end
end </lang>
Test: <lang Eiffel> class APPLICATION inherit ARGUMENTS create
make
feature
make
do
test := <<1, 27, 32, 99, 1, -7, 3, 5>>
create sorter.make(test)
io.put_string ("Unsorted: ")
across test as ar loop io.put_string (ar.item.out + " ") end
io.put_string ("%NSorted: ")
test:= sorter.pancake_sort
across test as ar loop io.put_string (ar.item.out + " ") end
end
test: ARRAY[INTEGER] sorter: PANCAKE_SORT end </lang>
- Output:
Unsorted: 1 27 32 99 1 -7 3 5 Sorted: -7 1 1 3 5 27 32 99
Euphoria
<lang euphoria>function flip(sequence s, integer n)
object temp
for i = 1 to n/2 do
temp = s[i]
s[i] = s[n-i+1]
s[n-i+1] = temp
end for
return s
end function
function pancake_sort(sequence s)
integer m
for i = length(s) to 2 by -1 do
m = 1
for j = 2 to i do
if compare(s[j], s[m]) > 0 then
m = j
end if
end for
if m < i then
if m > 1 then
s = flip(s,m)
end if
s = flip(s,i)
end if
end for
return s
end function
constant s = rand(repeat(100,10))
? s ? pancake_sort(s)</lang>
Output:
{24,32,100,15,8,34,50,79,46,52}
{8,15,24,32,34,46,50,52,79,100}
F#
<lang fsharp>open System
let show data = data |> Array.iter (printf "%d ") ; printfn "" let split (data: int[]) pos = data.[0..pos], data.[(pos+1)..]
let flip items pos =
let lower, upper = split items pos Array.append (Array.rev lower) upper
let pancakeSort items =
let rec loop data limit =
if limit <= 0 then data
else
let lower, upper = split data limit
let indexOfMax = lower |> Array.findIndex ((=) (Array.max lower))
let partialSort = Array.append (flip lower indexOfMax |> Array.rev) upper
loop partialSort (limit-1)
loop items ((Array.length items)-1)</lang>
Usage: pancakeSort [|31; 41; 59; 26; 53; 58; 97; 93; 23; 84|] |> show
Output:
23 26 31 41 53 58 59 84 93 97
Fortran
<lang fortran>program Pancake_Demo
implicit none integer :: list(8) = (/ 1, 4, 7, 2, 5, 8, 3, 6 /) call Pancake_sort(list)
contains
subroutine Pancake_sort(a)
integer, intent(in out) :: a(:)
integer :: i, maxpos
write(*,*) a
do i = size(a), 2, -1
! Find position of max number between index 1 and i
maxpos = maxloc(a(1:i), 1)
! is it in the correct position already?
if (maxpos == i) cycle
! is it at the beginning of the array? If not flip array section so it is
if (maxpos /= 1) then
a(1:maxpos) = a(maxpos:1:-1)
write(*,*) a
end if
! Flip array section to get max number to correct position
a(1:i) = a(i:1:-1) write(*,*) a end do
end subroutine
end program Pancake_Demo</lang> Output:
1 4 7 2 5 8 3 6
8 5 2 7 4 1 3 6
6 3 1 4 7 2 5 8
7 4 1 3 6 2 5 8
5 2 6 3 1 4 7 8
6 2 5 3 1 4 7 8
4 1 3 5 2 6 7 8
5 3 1 4 2 6 7 8
2 4 1 3 5 6 7 8
4 2 1 3 5 6 7 8
3 1 2 4 5 6 7 8
2 1 3 4 5 6 7 8
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Go
<lang go>package main
import "fmt"
func main() {
list := pancake{31, 41, 59, 26, 53, 58, 97, 93, 23, 84}
fmt.Println("unsorted:", list)
list.sort()
fmt.Println("sorted! ", list)
}
type pancake []int
func (a pancake) sort() {
for uns := len(a) - 1; uns > 0; uns-- {
// find largest in unsorted range
lx, lg := 0, a[0]
for i := 1; i <= uns; i++ {
if a[i] > lg {
lx, lg = i, a[i]
}
}
// move to final position in two flips
a.flip(lx)
a.flip(uns)
}
}
func (a pancake) flip(r int) {
for l := 0; l < r; l, r = l+1, r-1 {
a[l], a[r] = a[r], a[l]
}
}</lang> Output:
unsorted: [31 41 59 26 53 58 97 93 23 84] sorted! [23 26 31 41 53 58 59 84 93 97]
Groovy
This formulation of the pancake sort achieves stability by picking the last index (rather than, say, the first) in the remaining sublist that matches the max value of the remaining sublist. Performance is enhanced somewhat by not flipping if the flipPoint is already at the end of the remaining sublist. <lang groovy>def makeSwap = { a, i, j = i+1 -> print "."; aj,i = ai,j }
def flip = { list, n -> (0..<((n+1)/2)).each { makeSwap(list, it, n-it) } }
def pancakeSort = { list ->
def n = list.size()
(1..<n).reverse().each { i ->
def max = list[0..i].max()
def flipPoint = (i..0).find{ list[it] == max }
if (flipPoint != i) {
flip(list, flipPoint)
flip(list, i)
}
}
list
}</lang>
Test: <lang groovy>println (pancakeSort([23,76,99,58,97,57,35,89,51,38,95,92,24,46,31,24,14,12,57,78,4])) println (pancakeSort([88,18,31,44,4,0,8,81,14,78,20,76,84,33,73,75,82,5,62,70,12,7,1])) println () println (pancakeSort([10, 10.0, 10.00, 1])) println (pancakeSort([10, 10.00, 10.0, 1])) println (pancakeSort([10.0, 10, 10.00, 1])) println (pancakeSort([10.0, 10.00, 10, 1])) println (pancakeSort([10.00, 10, 10.0, 1])) println (pancakeSort([10.00, 10.0, 10, 1]))</lang> The use of decimals and integers that compare as equal demonstrates, but of course not prove, that the sort is stable.
Output:
..........................................................................................................................................[4, 12, 14, 23, 24, 24, 31, 35, 38, 46, 51, 57, 57, 58, 76, 78, 89, 92, 95, 97, 99] ............................................................................................................................................................................................................[0, 1, 4, 5, 7, 8, 12, 14, 18, 20, 31, 33, 44, 62, 70, 73, 75, 76, 78, 81, 82, 84, 88] ...[1, 10, 10.0, 10.00] ...[1, 10, 10.00, 10.0] ...[1, 10.0, 10, 10.00] ...[1, 10.0, 10.00, 10] ...[1, 10.00, 10, 10.0] ...[1, 10.00, 10.0, 10]
Haskell
<lang haskell>import Data.List import Control.Arrow import Control.Monad import Data.Maybe
dblflipIt :: (Ord a) => [a] -> [a] dblflipIt = uncurry ((reverse.).(++)). first reverse
. ap (flip splitAt) (succ. fromJust. (elemIndex =<< maximum))
dopancakeSort :: (Ord a) => [a] -> [a] dopancakeSort xs = dopcs (xs,[]) where
dopcs ([],rs) = rs dopcs ([x],rs) = x:rs dopcs (xs,rs) = dopcs $ (init &&& (:rs).last ) $ dblflipIt xs</lang>
Example: <lang haskell>*Main> dopancakeSort [3,2,1,0,2] [0,1,2,2,3]</lang>
Icon and Unicon
<lang Icon>procedure main() #: demonstrate various ways to sort a list and string
demosort(pancakesort,[3, 14, 1, 5, 9, 2, 6, 3],"qwerty") pancakeflip := pancakeflipshow # replace pancakeflip procedure with a variant that displays each flip pancakesort([3, 14, 1, 5, 9, 2, 6, 3])
end
procedure pancakesort(X,op) #: return sorted list ascending(or descending) local i,m
op := sortop(op,X) # select how and what we sort
every i := *X to 2 by -1 do { # work back to front
m := 1
every j := 2 to i do
if op(X[m],X[j]) then m := j # find X that belongs @i high (or low)
if i ~= m then { # not already in-place
X := pancakeflip(X,m) # . bring max (min) to front
X := pancakeflip(X,i) # . unsorted portion of stack
}
}
return X
end
procedure pancakeflip(X,tail) #: return X[1:tail] flipped local i
i := 0 tail := integer(\tail|*X) + 1 | runerr(101,tail) while X[(i +:= 1) < (tail -:= 1)] :=: X[i] # flip return X
end
procedure pancakeflipshow(X,tail) #: return X[1:tail] flipped (and display) local i
i := 0
tail := integer(\tail|*X) + 1 | runerr(101,tail)
while X[(i +:= 1) < (tail -:= 1)] :=: X[i] # flip
every writes(" ["|right(!X,4)|" ]\n") # show X
return X
end</lang>
Note: This example relies on the supporting procedures 'sortop', and 'demosort' in Bubble Sort. The full demosort exercises the named sort of a list with op = "numeric", "string", ">>" (lexically gt, descending),">" (numerically gt, descending), a custom comparator, and also a string.
Abbreviated sample output:
Sorting Demo using procedure pancakesort
on list : [ 3 14 1 5 9 2 6 3 ]
with op = &null: [ 1 2 3 3 5 6 9 14 ] (0 ms)
...
on string : "qwerty"
with op = &null: "eqrtwy" (0 ms)The output below shows the flipping:
[ 14 3 1 5 9 2 6 3 ]
[ 3 6 2 9 5 1 3 14 ]
[ 9 2 6 3 5 1 3 14 ]
[ 3 1 5 3 6 2 9 14 ]
[ 6 3 5 1 3 2 9 14 ]
[ 2 3 1 5 3 6 9 14 ]
[ 5 1 3 2 3 6 9 14 ]
[ 3 2 3 1 5 6 9 14 ]
[ 3 2 3 1 5 6 9 14 ]
[ 1 3 2 3 5 6 9 14 ]
[ 3 1 2 3 5 6 9 14 ]
[ 2 1 3 3 5 6 9 14 ]
[ 2 1 3 3 5 6 9 14 ]
[ 1 2 3 3 5 6 9 14 ]
J
<lang J>flip=: C.~ C.@i.@- unsorted=: #~ 1 , [: >./\. 2 >/\ ] FlDown=: flip 1 + (i. >./)@unsorted FlipUp=: flip 1 >. [:+/>./\&|.@(< {.)
pancake=: FlipUp@FlDown^:_</lang>
Example use:
<lang J> (,:pancake) ?~9 1 0 8 7 4 6 3 5 2 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8</lang>
See the discussion page for illustrations of the other words.
Java
<lang java> public class PancakeSort {
int[] heap;
public String toString() {
String info = "";
for (int x: heap)
info += x + " ";
return info;
}
public void flip(int n) {
for (int i = 0; i < (n+1) / 2; ++i) {
int tmp = heap[i];
heap[i] = heap[n-i];
heap[n-i] = tmp;
}
System.out.println("flip(0.." + n + "): " + toString());
}
public int[] minmax(int n) {
int xm, xM;
xm = xM = heap[0];
int posm = 0, posM = 0;
for (int i = 1; i < n; ++i) {
if (heap[i] < xm) {
xm = heap[i];
posm = i;
}
else if (heap[i] > xM) {
xM = heap[i];
posM = i;
}
}
return new int[] {posm, posM};
}
public void sort(int n, int dir) {
if (n == 0) return;
int[] mM = minmax(n);
int bestXPos = mM[dir];
int altXPos = mM[1-dir];
boolean flipped = false;
if (bestXPos == n-1) {
--n;
}
else if (bestXPos == 0) {
flip(n-1);
--n;
}
else if (altXPos == n-1) {
dir = 1-dir;
--n;
flipped = true;
}
else {
flip(bestXPos);
}
sort(n, dir);
if (flipped) {
flip(n);
}
}
PancakeSort(int[] numbers) {
heap = numbers;
sort(numbers.length, 1);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
int[] numbers = new int[args.length];
for (int i = 0; i < args.length; ++i)
numbers[i] = Integer.valueOf(args[i]);
PancakeSort pancakes = new PancakeSort(numbers);
System.out.println(pancakes);
}
}</lang>
Example: <lang bash>$ java PancakeSort 1 2 5 4 3 10 9 8 7 flip(0..5): 10 3 4 5 2 1 9 8 7 flip(0..8): 7 8 9 1 2 5 4 3 10 flip(0..2): 9 8 7 1 2 5 4 3 10 flip(0..7): 3 4 5 2 1 7 8 9 10 flip(0..2): 5 4 3 2 1 7 8 9 10 flip(0..4): 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10
$ java PancakeSort 6 7 2 1 8 9 5 3 4 flip(0..5): 9 8 1 2 7 6 5 3 4 flip(0..8): 4 3 5 6 7 2 1 8 9 flip(0..1): 3 4 5 6 7 2 1 8 9 flip(0..4): 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 8 9 flip(0..6): 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 </lang>
JavaScript
<lang javascript>Array.prototype.pancake_sort = function () {
for (var i = this.length - 1; i >= 1; i--) {
// find the index of the largest element not yet sorted
var max_idx = 0;
var max = this[0];
for (var j = 1; j <= i; j++) {
if (this[j] > max) {
max = this[j];
max_idx = j;
}
}
if (max_idx == i)
continue; // element already in place
var new_slice;
// flip this max element to index 0
if (max_idx > 0) {
new_slice = this.slice(0, max_idx+1).reverse();
for (var j = 0; j <= max_idx; j++)
this[j] = new_slice[j];
}
// then flip the max element to its place
new_slice = this.slice(0, i+1).reverse();
for (var j = 0; j <= i; j++)
this[j] = new_slice[j];
}
return this;
} ary = [7,6,5,9,8,4,3,1,2,0] sorted = ary.concat().pancake_sort();</lang>
jq
This version skips the pair of flips if the focal item is already in place. <lang jq>def pancakeSort:
def flip(i): . as $in | ($in[0:i+1]|reverse) + $in[i+1:] ;
# If input is [] then return null
def index_of_max:
. as $in
| reduce range(1; length) as $i
# state: [ix, max]
( [ 0, $in[0] ];
if $in[$i] > .[1] then [ $i, $in[$i] ] else . end )
| .[0] ;
reduce range(0; length) as $iup
(.;
(length - $iup - 1) as $i
| (.[0:$i+1] | index_of_max) as $max
# flip about $max and then about $i unless $i == $max
| if ($i == $max) then .
else flip($max) | flip($i)
end ) ;</lang>
Example: <lang jq>[range(0;2), null, 1.0, 0.5, [1], [2], {"b":1}, {"a":2}, range(2;4)]
| pancakeSort</lang>
- Output:
<lang sh>$ jq -M -c -n -f pancake_sort.jq [null,0,0.5,1,1,2,3,[1],[2],{"a":2},{"b":1}]</lang>
Mathematica
<lang Mathematica>LMaxPosition[ a_, n_ ] := Part[Position[a;;n,Max[a;;n]],1,1]
SetAttributes[Flip,HoldFirst]; Flip[a_] := Set[a,Reverse[a]]
pancakeSort[a_] : = For[n = Length[a], n > 1, n--,
If[LMaxPosition[a,n] < n, Flip[a[[;;LMaxPosition[a,n]]]]; Print[a]; Flip[a;;n]; Print[a]; ];
];</lang>
(* each major sort step is printed in example usage *)
pancakeSort[{6, 7, 8, 9, 2, 5, 3, 4, 1}]
{9,8,7,6,2,5,3,4,1}
{1,4,3,5,2,6,7,8,9}
{5,3,4,1,2,6,7,8,9}
{2,1,4,3,5,6,7,8,9}
{4,1,2,3,5,6,7,8,9}
{3,2,1,4,5,6,7,8,9}
{3,2,1,4,5,6,7,8,9}
{1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9}
MATLAB / Octave
<lang MATLAB>function list = pancakeSort(list)
for i = (numel(list):-1:2)
minElem = list(i);
minIndex = i;
%Find the min element in the current subset of the list
for j = (i:-1:1)
if list(j) <= minElem
minElem = list(j);
minIndex = j;
end
end
%If the element is already in the correct position don't flip
if i ~= minIndex
%First flip flips the min element in the stack to the top
list(minIndex:-1:1) = list(1:minIndex);
%Second flip flips the min element into the correct position in
%the stack
list(i:-1:1) = list(1:i);
end
end %for
end %pancakeSort</lang>
Sample Usage: <lang MATLAB>>> pancakeSort([4 3 1 5 6 2])
ans =
6 5 4 3 2 1</lang>
MAXScript
<lang MAXScript>fn flipArr arr index = ( local new = #() for i = index to 1 by -1 do ( append new arr[i] ) join new (for i in (index+1) to arr.count collect arr[i]) return new )
fn pancakeSort arr = ( if arr.count < 2 then return arr else ( for i = arr.count to 1 by -1 do ( local newArr = for n in 1 to i collect arr[n] local oldArr = for o in (i+1) to arr.count collect arr[o] local maxIndices = for m in 1 to (newArr.count) where (newArr[m] == amax newArr) collect m local lastMaxIndex = maxIndices[maxIndices.count] newArr = flipArr newArr lastMaxIndex newArr = flipArr newArr newArr.count arr = join newArr oldArr ) return arr ) )</lang> Output: <lang MAXScript> a = for i in 1 to 15 collect random 0 20
- (8, 13, 2, 0, 10, 8, 1, 15, 4, 7, 6, 9, 11, 3, 5)
pancakeSort a
- (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 15)
</lang>
NetRexx
Sorts integers, decimal numbers and strings because they're all the same to NetRexx. <lang NetRexx>/* NetRexx */ options replace format comments java crossref symbols nobinary
import java.util.List
runSample(arg) return
-- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ method pancakeSort(tlist = List, debug = (1 == 0)) private static returns List
if tlist.size() > 1 then do
loop i_ = tlist.size() by -1 while i_ > 1
maxPos = 0
loop a_ = 0 while a_ < i_
if Rexx tlist.get(a_) > Rexx tlist.get(maxPos) then maxPos = a_
end a_
if maxPos = i_ - 1 then iterate i_
if maxPos > 0 then pancakeFlip(tlist, maxPos + 1, debug)
pancakeFlip(tlist, i_, debug)
end i_
end
return tlist
-- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ method pancakeFlip(tlist = List, offset, debug = (1 == 0)) private static returns List
z_ = offset - 1
pl = 3
if debug then do
plx = offset.length()
if plx > pl then pl = plx
say ' flip{1-'offset.right(pl, 0)'} Before:' tlist
end
loop i_ = 0 while i_ < z_
Collections.swap(tlist, i_, z_)
z_ = z_ - 1
end i_
if debug then do
say ' flip{1-'offset.right(pl, 0)'} After:' tlist
end
return tlist
-- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ method runSample(arg) private static
isTrue = (1 == 1) isFalse = \isTrue parse arg debug . if '-debug'.abbrev(debug.lower(), 2) then debug = isTrue else debug = isFalse
lists = sampleData() loop il = 1 to lists[0] clist = words2list(lists[il]) say ' Input:' clist say 'Output:' pancakeSort(clist, debug) say end il
return
-- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ method sampleData() private static
lists = i_ = 0 i_ = i_ + 1; lists[0] = i_; lists[i_] = '1 4 3 5 2 9 8 7 6' i_ = i_ + 1; lists[0] = i_; lists[i_] = '10 -9 8 -7 6 -5 4 -3 2 -1 0 -10 9 -8 7 -6 5 -4 3 -2 1' i_ = i_ + 1; lists[0] = i_; lists[i_] = '88 18 31 44 4 0 8 81 14 78 20 76 84 33 73 75 82 5 62 70 12 7 1' i_ = i_ + 1; lists[0] = i_; lists[i_] = '10 10.0 10.00 1 -10.0 10. -1' i_ = i_ + 1; lists[0] = i_; lists[i_] = 'To be or not to be that is the question' i_ = i_ + 1; lists[0] = i_; lists[i_] = '1' return lists
-- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ method words2list(wordlist) private static returns List
clist = ArrayList() loop w_ = 1 to wordlist.words() clist.add(wordlist.word(w_)) end w_
return clist
</lang>
- Output:
Input: [1, 4, 3, 5, 2, 9, 8, 7, 6] Output: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9] Input: [10, -9, 8, -7, 6, -5, 4, -3, 2, -1, 0, -10, 9, -8, 7, -6, 5, -4, 3, -2, 1] Output: [-10, -9, -8, -7, -6, -5, -4, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10] Input: [88, 18, 31, 44, 4, 0, 8, 81, 14, 78, 20, 76, 84, 33, 73, 75, 82, 5, 62, 70, 12, 7, 1] Output: [0, 1, 4, 5, 7, 8, 12, 14, 18, 20, 31, 33, 44, 62, 70, 73, 75, 76, 78, 81, 82, 84, 88] Input: [10, 10.0, 10.00, 1, -10.0, 10., -1] Output: [-10.0, -1, 1, 10.00, 10.0, 10., 10] Input: [To, be, or, not, to, be, that, is, the, question] Output: [be, be, is, not, or, question, that, the, to, To] Input: [1] Output: [1]
Nim
<lang nim>import algorithm
proc pancakeSort[T](list: var openarray[T]) =
var length = list.len if length < 2: return
var moves = 0
for i in countdown(length, 2):
var maxNumPos = 0
for a in 0 .. <i:
if list[a] > list[maxNumPos]:
maxNumPos = a
if maxNumPos == i - 1: continue
if maxNumPos > 0:
inc moves
reverse(list, 0, maxNumPos)
inc moves reverse(list, 0, i - 1)
var a = @[4, 65, 2, -31, 0, 99, 2, 83, 782] pancakeSort a echo a</lang> Output:
@[-31, 0, 2, 2, 4, 65, 83, 99, 782]
OCaml
<lang ocaml>let rec sorted = function
| [] -> (true) | x::y::_ when x > y -> (false) | x::xs -> sorted xs
let rev_until_max li =
let rec aux acc greater prefix suffix = function | x::xs when x > greater -> aux (x::acc) x acc xs xs | x::xs -> aux (x::acc) greater prefix suffix xs | [] -> (greater, (prefix @ suffix)) in aux [] min_int [] li li
let pancake_sort li =
let rec aux i li suffix = let greater, li = rev_until_max li in let suffix = greater :: suffix and li = List.rev li in if sorted li then (li @ suffix), i else aux (succ i) li suffix in aux 0 li []
let print_list li =
List.iter (Printf.printf " %d") li; print_newline()
let make_rand_list n bound =
let rec aux acc i = if i >= n then (acc) else aux ((Random.int bound)::acc) (succ i) in aux [] 0
let () =
Random.self_init(); let li = make_rand_list 8 100 in print_list li; let res, n = pancake_sort li in print_list res; Printf.printf " sorted in %d loops\n" n;
- </lang>
PARI/GP
<lang parigp>pancakeSort(v)={
my(top=#v);
while(top>1,
my(mx=1,t);
for(i=2,top,if(v[i]>v[mx], mx=i));
if(mx==top, top--; next);
for(i=1,mx\2,
t=v[i];
v[i]=v[mx+1-i];
v[mx+1-i]=t
);
for(i=1,top\2,
t=v[i];
v[i]=v[top+1-i];
v[top+1-i]=t
);
top--
);
v
};</lang>
Pascal
<lang pascal>Program PancakeSort (output);
procedure flip(var b: array of integer; last: integer);
var swap, i: integer;
begin
for i := low(b) to (last - low(b) - 1) div 2 do
begin
swap := b[i];
b[i] := b[last-(i-low(b))];
b[last-(i-low(b))] := swap;
end;
end;
procedure PancakeSort(var a: array of integer);
var i, j, maxpos: integer;
begin for i := high(a) downto low(a) do begin
// Find position of max number between beginning and i
maxpos := i;
for j := low(a) to i - 1 do
if a[j] > a[maxpos] then
maxpos := j;
// is it in the correct position already?
if maxpos = i then
continue;
// is it at the beginning of the array? If not flip array section so it is
if maxpos <> low(a) then
flip(a, maxpos);
// Flip array section to get max number to correct position
flip(a, i); end; end;
var
data: array of integer; i: integer;
begin
setlength(data, 8);
Randomize;
writeln('The data before sorting:');
for i := low(data) to high(data) do
begin
data[i] := Random(high(data));
write(data[i]:4);
end;
writeln;
PancakeSort(data);
writeln('The data after sorting:');
for i := low(data) to high(data) do
begin
write(data[i]:4);
end;
writeln;
end.</lang> Output:
:>./PancakeSort The data before sorting: 3 1 3 2 4 0 2 6 The data after sorting: 0 1 2 2 3 3 4 6
Perl
<lang perl>sub pancake {
my @x = @_;
for my $idx (0 .. $#x - 1) {
my $min = $idx;
$x[$min] > $x[$_] and $min = $_ for $idx + 1 .. $#x;
next if $x[$min] == $x[$idx];
@x[$min .. $#x] = reverse @x[$min .. $#x] if $x[$min] != $x[-1];
@x[$idx .. $#x] = reverse @x[$idx .. $#x];
}
@x;
}
my @a = map (int rand(100), 1 .. 10); print "Before @a\n"; @a = pancake(@a); print "After @a\n"; </lang> Sample output:
Before 57 37 35 35 22 58 70 53 77 15 After 15 22 35 35 37 53 57 58 70 77
Perl 6
<lang perl6>sub pancake_sort ( @a is copy ) {
my $endpoint = @a.end;
while $endpoint > 0 and not [<] @a {
my $max_i = [0..$endpoint].max: { @a[$_] };
my $max = @a[$max_i];
if @a[$endpoint] == $max {
$endpoint-- while @a[$endpoint] == $max;
next;
}
# @a[$endpoint] is not $max, so it needs flipping;
# Flip twice if max is not already at the top.
@a[0..$max_i] .= reverse if $max_i != 0;
@a[0..$endpoint] .= reverse;
$endpoint--;
}
return @a;
} my @data = 6, 7, 2, 1, 8, 9, 5, 3, 4; say 'input = ' ~ @data; say 'output = ' ~ @data.&pancake_sort; </lang>
Output:
input = 6 7 2 1 8 9 5 3 4 output = 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
PL/I
<lang PL/I> pancake_sort: procedure options (main); /* 23 April 2009 */
declare a(10) fixed, (i, n, loc) fixed binary;
a(1) = 3; a(2) = 9; a(3) = 2; a(4) = 7; a(5) = 10; a(6) = 1; a(7) = 8; a(8) = 5; a(9) = 4; a(10) = 6;
n = hbound(A,1);
put skip edit (A) (f(5));
do i = 1 to n-1;
loc = max(A, n);
call flip (A, loc);
call flip (A, n);
n = n - 1;
put skip edit (A) (f(5));
end;
max: procedure (A, k) returns (fixed binary);
declare A(*) fixed, k fixed binary;
declare (i, maximum, loc) fixed binary;
maximum = A(1); loc = 1;
do i = 2 to k;
if A(i) > maximum then do; maximum = A(i); loc = i; end;
end;
return (loc);
end max;
flip: procedure (A, k);
declare A(*) fixed, k fixed binary;
declare (i, t) fixed binary;
do i = 1 to (k+1)/2;
t = A(i); A(i) = A(k-i+1); A(k-i+1) = t;
end;
end flip;
end pancake_sort; </lang> Output: <lang>
3 9 2 7 10 1 8 5 4 6 6 4 5 8 1 3 9 2 7 10 7 2 6 4 5 8 1 3 9 10 3 1 7 2 6 4 5 8 9 10 5 4 6 2 3 1 7 8 9 10 1 3 2 5 4 6 7 8 9 10 4 1 3 2 5 6 7 8 9 10 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
</lang>
PicoLisp
<lang PicoLisp>(de pancake (Lst)
(prog1 (flip Lst (index (apply max Lst) Lst))
(for (L @ (cdr (setq Lst (cdr L))) (cdr L))
(con L (flip Lst (index (apply max Lst) Lst))) ) ) )</lang>
Output:
: (trace 'flip) -> flip : (pancake (6 7 2 1 8 9 5 3 4)) flip : (6 7 2 1 8 9 5 3 4) 6 flip = (9 8 1 2 7 6 5 3 4) flip : (8 1 2 7 6 5 3 4) 1 flip = (8 1 2 7 6 5 3 4) flip : (1 2 7 6 5 3 4) 3 flip = (7 2 1 6 5 3 4) flip : (2 1 6 5 3 4) 3 flip = (6 1 2 5 3 4) flip : (1 2 5 3 4) 3 flip = (5 2 1 3 4) flip : (2 1 3 4) 4 flip = (4 3 1 2) flip : (3 1 2) 1 flip = (3 1 2) flip : (1 2) 2 flip = (2 1) -> (9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1)
PowerShell
<lang PowerShell>Function FlipPancake( [Object[]] $indata, $index = 1 ) { $data=$indata.Clone() $datal = $data.length - 1 if( $index -gt 0 ) { if( $datal -gt $index ) { $first = $data[ $index..0 ] $last = $data[ ( $index + 1 )..$datal ] $data = $first + $last } else { $data = $data[ $index..0 ] } } $data }
Function MaxIdx( [Object[]] $data ) { $data | ForEach-Object { $max = $data[ 0 ]; $i = 0; $maxi = 0 } { if( $_ -gt $max ) { $max = $_; $maxi = $i }; $i++ } { $maxi } }
Function PancakeSort( [Object[]] $data, $index = 0 ) { "unsorted - $data" $datal = $data.length - 1 if( $datal -gt 0 ) { for( $i = $datal; $i -gt 0; $i-- ) { $data = FlipPancake ( FlipPancake $data ( MaxIdx $data[ 0..$i ] ) ) $i } } "sorted - $data" }
$l = 100; PancakeSort ( 1..$l | ForEach-Object { $Rand = New-Object Random }{ $Rand.Next( 0, $l - 1 ) } )</lang>
PureBasic
<lang PureBasic>If OpenConsole()
Define i, j, k, Loops
Dim Pile(9)
;--------------------------------------------------------------
;- Create a Random Pile()
For i=1 To 9 ;- Initiate the Pile
Pile(i)=i
Next
For i=9 To 1 Step -1 ;- Do a Fisher-Yates shuffle
Swap Pile(i),Pile(Random(i-1)+1)
Next
Print("Random Pile() :")
For i=1 To 9
Print(" "+Str(Pile(i)))
Next
;--------------------------------------------------------------
;- Start Sorting
For i=9 To 2 Step -1
If Pile(i)<>i ;- Only Flip it if the current cake need Swapping
Loops+1
j=0
Repeat ;- find place of Pancake(i) in the Pile()
j+1
Until Pile(j)=i
For k=1 To (j/2) ;- Flip it up
Swap Pile(k),Pile(j-k+1)
Next
For k=1 To i/2 ;- Flip in place
Swap Pile(k),Pile(i-k+1)
Next
EndIf
Next
Print(#CRLF$+"Resulting Pile() :")
For i=1 To 9
Print(" "+str(Pile(i)))
Next
Print(#CRLF$+"All done in "+str(Loops)+" loops.")
Print(#CRLF$+#CRLF$+"Press ENTER to quit."): Input()
CloseConsole()
EndIf</lang>
Output can look like
Original Pile() : 9 4 1 8 6 3 2 5 7 Resulting Pile() : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 All done in 6 loops. Press ENTER to quit.
Python
The function: <lang python>tutor = False
def pancakesort(data):
if len(data) <= 1:
return data
if tutor: print()
for size in range(len(data), 1, -1):
maxindex = max(range(size), key=data.__getitem__)
if maxindex+1 != size:
# This indexed max needs moving
if maxindex != 0:
# Flip the max item to the left
if tutor: print('With: %r doflip %i'
% ( ' '.join(str(x) for x in data), maxindex+1 ))
data[:maxindex+1] = reversed(data[:maxindex+1])
# Flip it into its final position
if tutor: print('With: %r doflip %i'
% ( ' '.join(str(x) for x in data), size ))
data[:size] = reversed(data[:size])
if tutor: print()</lang>
A test: <lang python>if __name__ == '__main__':
import random
tutor = True
data = list('123456789')
while data == sorted(data):
random.shuffle(data)
print('Original List: %r' % ' '.join(data))
pancakesort(data)
print('Pancake Sorted List: %r' % ' '.join(data))</lang>
Sample output:
Original List: '6 7 2 1 8 9 5 3 4' With: '6 7 2 1 8 9 5 3 4' doflip 6 With: '9 8 1 2 7 6 5 3 4' doflip 9 With: '4 3 5 6 7 2 1 8 9' doflip 5 With: '7 6 5 3 4 2 1 8 9' doflip 7 With: '1 2 4 3 5 6 7 8 9' doflip 3 With: '4 2 1 3 5 6 7 8 9' doflip 4 With: '3 1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9' doflip 3 With: '2 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9' doflip 2 Pancake Sorted List: '1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9'
Racket
<lang racket>
- lang racket
(define (pancake-sort l)
(define (flip l n) (append (reverse (take l n)) (drop l n)))
(for/fold ([l l]) ([i (in-range (length l) 1 -1)])
(let* ([i2 (cdr (for/fold ([m #f]) ([x l] [j i])
(if (and m (<= x (car m))) m (cons x j))))]
[l (if (zero? i2) l (flip l (add1 i2)))])
(flip l i))))
(pancake-sort (shuffle (range 0 10)))
- => '(0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9)
</lang>
REXX
<lang rexx>/*REXX program sorts & shows an array using the pancake sort algorithm.*/ call gen@ /*generate elements in the array.*/ call show@ 'before sort' /*show the BEFORE array elements.*/ call pancakeSort # /*invoke the pancake sort. Yummy.*/ call show@ ' after sort' /*show the AFTER array elements.*/ exit /*stick a fork in it, we're done.*/ /*──────────────────────────────────FLIP subroutine─────────────────────*/ flip: procedure expose @.; parse arg y
do i=1 for (y+1)%2
ymp=y-i+1; _=@.i; @.i=@.ymp; @.ymp=_
end /*i*/
return /*──────────────────────────────────GEN@ subroutine──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/ gen@: /*a few sorted bread primes which are primes of the form: (p-3)÷2 and 2∙p+3 */
/*where p is a prime. Bread primes are related to sandwich and meat primes. */
bp=2 17 5 29 7 37 13 61 43 181 47 197 67 277 97 397 113 461 137 557 167 677 173 701 797 1117 307 1237 1597 463 1861 467 fb='-55 -21 -1 -8 -8 -21 -55 0 0' /*some non-positive Fibonacci #s,*/ $=bp fb /* most of which are repeated.*/
- =words($) /*get number of items in $ list. */
/* [↓] populate @ array with #s.*/
do j=1 for #; @.j=word($,j); end /*obtain a number of the $ list.*/
return /*──────────────────────────────────PANCAKESORT subroutine──────────────*/ pancakeSort: procedure expose @.; parse arg N
do N=N by -1 for N-1
!=@.1; ?=1; do j=2 to N; if @.j<=! then iterate
!=@.j; ?=j
end /*j*/
call flip ?; call flip N
end /*N*/
return /*──────────────────────────────────SHOW@ subroutine────────────────────*/ show@: w=length(#); do k=1 for #
say ' element' right(k,w) arg(1)':' right(@.k,9)
end /*k*/
say copies('█',40) /*show an eyeball separator line.*/ return</lang> output
element 1 before sort: 2
element 2 before sort: 17
element 3 before sort: 5
element 4 before sort: 29
element 5 before sort: 7
element 6 before sort: 37
element 7 before sort: 13
element 8 before sort: 61
element 9 before sort: 43
element 10 before sort: 181
element 11 before sort: 47
element 12 before sort: 197
element 13 before sort: 67
element 14 before sort: 277
element 15 before sort: 97
element 16 before sort: 397
element 17 before sort: 113
element 18 before sort: 461
element 19 before sort: 137
element 20 before sort: 557
element 21 before sort: 167
element 22 before sort: 677
element 23 before sort: 173
element 24 before sort: 701
element 25 before sort: 797
element 26 before sort: 1117
element 27 before sort: 307
element 28 before sort: 1237
element 29 before sort: 1597
element 30 before sort: 463
element 31 before sort: 1861
element 32 before sort: 467
element 33 before sort: -55
element 34 before sort: -21
element 35 before sort: -1
element 36 before sort: -8
element 37 before sort: -8
element 38 before sort: -21
element 39 before sort: -55
element 40 before sort: 0
element 41 before sort: 0
████████████████████████████████████████
element 1 after sort: -55
element 2 after sort: -55
element 3 after sort: -21
element 4 after sort: -21
element 5 after sort: -8
element 6 after sort: -8
element 7 after sort: -1
element 8 after sort: 0
element 9 after sort: 0
element 10 after sort: 2
element 11 after sort: 5
element 12 after sort: 7
element 13 after sort: 13
element 14 after sort: 17
element 15 after sort: 29
element 16 after sort: 37
element 17 after sort: 43
element 18 after sort: 47
element 19 after sort: 61
element 20 after sort: 67
element 21 after sort: 97
element 22 after sort: 113
element 23 after sort: 137
element 24 after sort: 167
element 25 after sort: 173
element 26 after sort: 181
element 27 after sort: 197
element 28 after sort: 277
element 29 after sort: 307
element 30 after sort: 397
element 31 after sort: 461
element 32 after sort: 463
element 33 after sort: 467
element 34 after sort: 557
element 35 after sort: 677
element 36 after sort: 701
element 37 after sort: 797
element 38 after sort: 1117
element 39 after sort: 1237
element 40 after sort: 1597
element 41 after sort: 1861
████████████████████████████████████████
Ruby
<lang ruby>class Array
def pancake_sort!
num_flips = 0
(self.size-1).downto(1) do |end_idx|
max = self[0..end_idx].max
max_idx = self[0..end_idx].index(max)
next if max_idx == end_idx
if max_idx > 0
self[0..max_idx] = self[0..max_idx].reverse
p [num_flips += 1, self] if $DEBUG
end
self[0..end_idx] = self[0..end_idx].reverse
p [num_flips += 1, self] if $DEBUG
end
self
end
end
p a = (1..9).to_a.shuffle p a.pancake_sort!</lang>
sample output:
$ ruby -d sorting_pancake.rb [7, 3, 6, 8, 2, 4, 5, 1, 9] [1, [8, 6, 3, 7, 2, 4, 5, 1, 9]] [2, [1, 5, 4, 2, 7, 3, 6, 8, 9]] [3, [7, 2, 4, 5, 1, 3, 6, 8, 9]] [4, [6, 3, 1, 5, 4, 2, 7, 8, 9]] [5, [2, 4, 5, 1, 3, 6, 7, 8, 9]] [6, [5, 4, 2, 1, 3, 6, 7, 8, 9]] [7, [3, 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]] [8, [2, 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]] [9, [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]] [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
Tcl
<lang tcl>package require Tcl 8.5
- Some simple helper procedures
proc flip {nlist n} {
concat [lreverse [lrange $nlist 0 $n]] [lrange $nlist $n+1 end]
} proc findmax {nlist limit} {
lsearch -exact $nlist [tcl::mathfunc::max {*}[lrange $nlist 0 $limit]]
}
- Simple-minded pancake sort algorithm
proc pancakeSort {nlist {debug ""}} {
for {set i [llength $nlist]} {[incr i -1] > 0} {} {
set j [findmax $nlist $i] if {$i != $j} { if {$j} { set nlist [flip $nlist $j] if {$debug eq "debug"} {puts [incr flips]>>$nlist} } set nlist [flip $nlist $i] if {$debug eq "debug"} {puts [incr flips]>>$nlist} }
} return $nlist
}</lang> Demonstrate (with debug mode enabled so it prints intermediate states): <lang tcl>puts [pancakeSort {27916 5928 23535 14711 32184 14621 21093 14422 29844 11093} debug]</lang> Output:
1>>32184 14711 23535 5928 27916 14621 21093 14422 29844 11093 2>>11093 29844 14422 21093 14621 27916 5928 23535 14711 32184 3>>29844 11093 14422 21093 14621 27916 5928 23535 14711 32184 4>>14711 23535 5928 27916 14621 21093 14422 11093 29844 32184 5>>27916 5928 23535 14711 14621 21093 14422 11093 29844 32184 6>>11093 14422 21093 14621 14711 23535 5928 27916 29844 32184 7>>23535 14711 14621 21093 14422 11093 5928 27916 29844 32184 8>>5928 11093 14422 21093 14621 14711 23535 27916 29844 32184 9>>21093 14422 11093 5928 14621 14711 23535 27916 29844 32184 10>>14711 14621 5928 11093 14422 21093 23535 27916 29844 32184 11>>14422 11093 5928 14621 14711 21093 23535 27916 29844 32184 12>>5928 11093 14422 14621 14711 21093 23535 27916 29844 32184 5928 11093 14422 14621 14711 21093 23535 27916 29844 32184
As you can see, it took 12 flips.
VBA
<lang vb>
'pancake sort 'uses two auxiliary routines "printarray" and "flip"
Public Sub printarray(A)
For i = LBound(A) To UBound(A) Debug.Print A(i), Next Debug.Print
End Sub
Public Sub Flip(ByRef A, p1, p2, trace) 'flip first elements of A (p1 to p2)
If trace Then Debug.Print "we'll flip the first "; p2 - p1 + 1; "elements of the array" Cut = Int((p2 - p1 + 1) / 2) For i = 0 To Cut - 1 'flip position i and (n - i + 1) temp = A(i) A(i) = A(p2 - i) A(p2 - i) = temp Next
End Sub
Public Sub pancakesort(ByRef A(), Optional trace As Boolean = False) 'sort A into ascending order using pancake sort
lb = LBound(A) ub = UBound(A) Length = ub - lb + 1 If Length <= 1 Then 'no need to sort
Exit Sub
End If
For i = ub To lb + 1 Step -1
'find position of max. element in subarray A(lowerbound to i)
P = lb
Maximum = A(P)
For j = lb + 1 To i
If A(j) > Maximum Then
P = j
Maximum = A(j)
End If
Next j
'check if maximum is already at end - then we don't need to flip
If P < i Then
'flip the first part of the array up to the maximum so it is at the head - skip if it is already there
If P > 1 Then
Flip A, lb, P, trace
If trace Then printarray A
End If
'now flip again so that it is in its final position
Flip A, lb, i, trace
If trace Then printarray A
End If
Next i End Sub
'test routine Public Sub TestPancake(Optional trace As Boolean = False) Dim A() A = Array(5, 7, 8, 3, 1, 10, 9, 23, 50, 0) Debug.Print "Initial array:" printarray A pancakesort A, trace Debug.Print "Final array:" printarray A End Sub </lang>
Sample output:
testpancake True Initial array: 5 7 8 3 1 10 9 23 50 0 we'll flip the first 9 elements of the array 50 23 9 10 1 3 8 7 5 0 we'll flip the first 10 elements of the array 0 5 7 8 3 1 10 9 23 50 we'll flip the first 7 elements of the array 10 1 3 8 7 5 0 9 23 50 we'll flip the first 8 elements of the array 9 0 5 7 8 3 1 10 23 50 we'll flip the first 7 elements of the array 1 3 8 7 5 0 9 10 23 50 we'll flip the first 3 elements of the array 8 3 1 7 5 0 9 10 23 50 we'll flip the first 6 elements of the array 0 5 7 1 3 8 9 10 23 50 we'll flip the first 3 elements of the array 7 5 0 1 3 8 9 10 23 50 we'll flip the first 5 elements of the array 3 1 0 5 7 8 9 10 23 50 we'll flip the first 3 elements of the array 0 1 3 5 7 8 9 10 23 50 Final array: 0 1 3 5 7 8 9 10 23 50