Sattolo cycle: Difference between revisions
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=={{header|ARM Assembly}}== |
=={{header|ARM Assembly}}== |
Revision as of 14:28, 2 November 2020
The Sattolo cycle is an algorithm for randomly shuffling an array in such a way that each element ends up in a new position.
Implement the Sattolo cycle for an integer array (or, if possible, an array of any type).
Given an array items with indices ranging from 0 to last, the algorithm can be defined as follows (pseudo-code):
for i from last downto 1 do:
let j = random integer in range 0 j < i
swap items[i] with items[j]
Notes:
- It modifies the input array in-place. If that is unreasonable in your programming language, you may amend the algorithm to return the shuffled items as a new array instead.
- The algorithm can also be amended to iterate from left to right, if that is more convenient.
- The only difference between this and the Knuth shuffle, is that is chosen from the range 0 j < i, rather than 0 j i. This is what ensures that every element ends up in a new position, as long as there are at least two elements.
Input array | Possible output arrays |
---|---|
[] | [] |
[10] | [10] |
[10, 20] | [20, 10] |
[10, 20, 30] | [20, 30, 10] [30, 10, 20] |
[11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22] | 39,916,800 possibilities. You'll know you have a correct one if it has the same elements as the input array, but none in their original place. |
- Metrics
- Counting
- Word frequency
- Letter frequency
- Jewels and stones
- I before E except after C
- Bioinformatics/base count
- Count occurrences of a substring
- Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string
- Remove/replace
- XXXX redacted
- Conjugate a Latin verb
- Remove vowels from a string
- String interpolation (included)
- Strip block comments
- Strip comments from a string
- Strip a set of characters from a string
- Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail
- Strip control codes and extended characters from a string
- Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling
- Word wheel
- ABC problem
- Sattolo cycle
- Knuth shuffle
- Ordered words
- Superpermutation minimisation
- Textonyms (using a phone text pad)
- Anagrams
- Anagrams/Deranged anagrams
- Permutations/Derangements
- Find/Search/Determine
- ABC words
- Odd words
- Word ladder
- Semordnilap
- Word search
- Wordiff (game)
- String matching
- Tea cup rim text
- Alternade words
- Changeable words
- State name puzzle
- String comparison
- Unique characters
- Unique characters in each string
- Extract file extension
- Levenshtein distance
- Palindrome detection
- Common list elements
- Longest common suffix
- Longest common prefix
- Compare a list of strings
- Longest common substring
- Find common directory path
- Words from neighbour ones
- Change e letters to i in words
- Non-continuous subsequences
- Longest common subsequence
- Longest palindromic substrings
- Longest increasing subsequence
- Words containing "the" substring
- Sum of the digits of n is substring of n
- Determine if a string is numeric
- Determine if a string is collapsible
- Determine if a string is squeezable
- Determine if a string has all unique characters
- Determine if a string has all the same characters
- Longest substrings without repeating characters
- Find words which contains all the vowels
- Find words which contains most consonants
- Find words which contains more than 3 vowels
- Find words which first and last three letters are equals
- Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa
- Formatting
- Substring
- Rep-string
- Word wrap
- String case
- Align columns
- Literals/String
- Repeat a string
- Brace expansion
- Brace expansion using ranges
- Reverse a string
- Phrase reversals
- Comma quibbling
- Special characters
- String concatenation
- Substring/Top and tail
- Commatizing numbers
- Reverse words in a string
- Suffixation of decimal numbers
- Long literals, with continuations
- Numerical and alphabetical suffixes
- Abbreviations, easy
- Abbreviations, simple
- Abbreviations, automatic
- Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases
- Mad Libs
- Magic 8-ball
- 99 Bottles of Beer
- The Name Game (a song)
- The Old lady swallowed a fly
- The Twelve Days of Christmas
- Tokenize
- Text between
- Tokenize a string
- Word break problem
- Tokenize a string with escaping
- Split a character string based on change of character
- Sequences
ARM Assembly
<lang ARM Assembly>
/* ARM assembly Raspberry PI */ /* program sattolo.s */
/************************************/ /* Constantes */ /************************************/ .equ STDOUT, 1 @ Linux output console .equ EXIT, 1 @ Linux syscall .equ WRITE, 4 @ Linux syscall /*********************************/ /* Initialized data */ /*********************************/ .data sMessResult: .ascii "Value : " sMessValeur: .fill 11, 1, ' ' @ size => 11 szCarriageReturn: .asciz "\n"
.align 4 iGraine: .int 123456 .equ NBELEMENTS, 9 TableNumber: .int 4,6,7,10,11,15,22,30,35
/*********************************/ /* UnInitialized data */ /*********************************/ .bss /*********************************/ /* code section */ /*********************************/ .text .global main main: @ entry of program
ldr r0,iAdrTableNumber @ address number table mov r1,#NBELEMENTS @ number of élements bl satShuffle ldr r2,iAdrTableNumber mov r3,#0
1: @ loop display table ldr r0,[r2,r3,lsl #2]
ldr r1,iAdrsMessValeur @ display value bl conversion10 @ call function ldr r0,iAdrsMessResult bl affichageMess @ display message add r3,#1 cmp r3,#NBELEMENTS - 1 ble 1b
ldr r0,iAdrszCarriageReturn bl affichageMess /* 2e shuffle */ ldr r0,iAdrTableNumber @ address number table mov r1,#NBELEMENTS @ number of élements bl satShuffle ldr r2,iAdrTableNumber mov r3,#0
2: @ loop display table
ldr r0,[r2,r3,lsl #2] ldr r1,iAdrsMessValeur @ display value bl conversion10 @ call function ldr r0,iAdrsMessResult bl affichageMess @ display message add r3,#1 cmp r3,#NBELEMENTS - 1 ble 2b
100: @ standard end of the program
mov r0, #0 @ return code mov r7, #EXIT @ request to exit program svc #0 @ perform the system call
iAdrsMessValeur: .int sMessValeur iAdrszCarriageReturn: .int szCarriageReturn iAdrsMessResult: .int sMessResult iAdrTableNumber: .int TableNumber
/******************************************************************/ /* Sattolo Shuffle */ /******************************************************************/ /* r0 contains the address of table */ /* r1 contains the number of elements */ satShuffle:
push {r2-r6,lr} @ save registers mov r5,r0 @ save table address mov r2,#1 @ start index mov r4,r1 @ last index + 1
1:
sub r1,r2,#1 @ index - 1 mov r0,r1 @ generate aleas bl genereraleas ldr r3,[r5,r1,lsl #2] @ swap number on the table ldr r6,[r5,r0,lsl #2] str r6,[r5,r1,lsl #2] str r3,[r5,r0,lsl #2] add r2,#1 @ next number cmp r2,r4 @ end ? ble 1b @ no -> loop
100:
pop {r2-r6,lr} bx lr @ return
/******************************************************************/ /* display text with size calculation */ /******************************************************************/ /* r0 contains the address of the message */ affichageMess:
push {r0,r1,r2,r7,lr} @ save registres mov r2,#0 @ counter length
1: @ loop length calculation
ldrb r1,[r0,r2] @ read octet start position + index cmp r1,#0 @ if 0 its over addne r2,r2,#1 @ else add 1 in the length bne 1b @ and loop @ so here r2 contains the length of the message mov r1,r0 @ address message in r1 mov r0,#STDOUT @ code to write to the standard output Linux mov r7, #WRITE @ code call system "write" svc #0 @ call systeme pop {r0,r1,r2,r7,lr} @ restaur des 2 registres */ bx lr @ return
/******************************************************************/ /* Converting a register to a decimal unsigned */ /******************************************************************/ /* r0 contains value and r1 address area */ /* r0 return size of result (no zero final in area) */ /* area size => 11 bytes */ .equ LGZONECAL, 10 conversion10:
push {r1-r4,lr} @ save registers mov r3,r1 mov r2,#LGZONECAL
1: @ start loop
bl divisionpar10U @unsigned r0 <- dividende. quotient ->r0 reste -> r1 add r1,#48 @ digit strb r1,[r3,r2] @ store digit on area cmp r0,#0 @ stop if quotient = 0 subne r2,#1 @ else previous position bne 1b @ and loop @ and move digit from left of area mov r4,#0
2:
ldrb r1,[r3,r2] strb r1,[r3,r4] add r2,#1 add r4,#1 cmp r2,#LGZONECAL ble 2b @ and move spaces in end on area mov r0,r4 @ result length mov r1,#' ' @ space
3:
strb r1,[r3,r4] @ store space in area add r4,#1 @ next position cmp r4,#LGZONECAL ble 3b @ loop if r4 <= area size
100:
pop {r1-r4,lr} @ restaur registres bx lr @return
/***************************************************/ /* division par 10 unsigned */ /***************************************************/ /* r0 dividende */ /* r0 quotient */ /* r1 remainder */ divisionpar10U:
push {r2,r3,r4, lr} mov r4,r0 @ save value //mov r3,#0xCCCD @ r3 <- magic_number lower raspberry 3 //movt r3,#0xCCCC @ r3 <- magic_number higter raspberry 3 ldr r3,iMagicNumber @ r3 <- magic_number raspberry 1 2 umull r1, r2, r3, r0 @ r1<- Lower32Bits(r1*r0) r2<- Upper32Bits(r1*r0) mov r0, r2, LSR #3 @ r2 <- r2 >> shift 3 add r2,r0,r0, lsl #2 @ r2 <- r0 * 5 sub r1,r4,r2, lsl #1 @ r1 <- r4 - (r2 * 2) = r4 - (r0 * 10) pop {r2,r3,r4,lr} bx lr @ leave function
iMagicNumber: .int 0xCCCCCCCD /***************************************************/ /* Generation random number */ /***************************************************/ /* r0 contains limit */ genereraleas:
push {r1-r4,lr} @ save registers ldr r4,iAdriGraine ldr r2,[r4] ldr r3,iNbDep1 mul r2,r3,r2 ldr r3,iNbDep1 add r2,r2,r3 str r2,[r4] @ maj de la graine pour l appel suivant cmp r0,#0 beq 100f mov r1,r0 @ divisor mov r0,r2 @ dividende bl division mov r0,r3 @ résult = remainder
100: @ end function
pop {r1-r4,lr} @ restaur registers bx lr @ return
/*****************************************************/ iAdriGraine: .int iGraine iNbDep1: .int 0x343FD iNbDep2: .int 0x269EC3 /***************************************************/ /* integer division unsigned */ /***************************************************/ division:
/* r0 contains dividend */ /* r1 contains divisor */ /* r2 returns quotient */ /* r3 returns remainder */ push {r4, lr} mov r2, #0 @ init quotient mov r3, #0 @ init remainder mov r4, #32 @ init counter bits b 2f
1: @ loop
movs r0, r0, LSL #1 @ r0 <- r0 << 1 updating cpsr (sets C if 31st bit of r0 was 1) adc r3, r3, r3 @ r3 <- r3 + r3 + C. This is equivalent to r3 ? (r3 << 1) + C cmp r3, r1 @ compute r3 - r1 and update cpsr subhs r3, r3, r1 @ if r3 >= r1 (C=1) then r3 <- r3 - r1 adc r2, r2, r2 @ r2 <- r2 + r2 + C. This is equivalent to r2 <- (r2 << 1) + C
2:
subs r4, r4, #1 @ r4 <- r4 - 1 bpl 1b @ if r4 >= 0 (N=0) then loop pop {r4, lr} bx lr
</lang>
C
This is generic to the extreme, although the function is technically being fed strings, it can handle any type, as shown in the outputs below :
Interactive and without hardcoded inputs
<lang C>
- include<stdlib.h>
- include<stdio.h>
- include<time.h>
void sattoloCycle(void** arr,int count){ int i,j; void* temp;
if(count<2) return; for(i=count-1;i>=1;i--){ j = rand()%i; temp = arr[j]; arr[j] = arr[i]; arr[i] = temp; } }
int main(int argC,char* argV[]) { int i;
if(argC==1) printf("Usage : %s <array elements separated by a space each>",argV[0]); else{
srand((unsigned)time(NULL));
sattoloCycle((void*)(argV + 1),argC-1);
for(i=1;i<argC;i++) printf("%s ",argV[i]); } return 0; } </lang> Output:
C:\rosettaCode>sattoloCycle.exe "" C:\rosettaCode>sattoloCycle.exe 10 10 C:\rosettaCode>sattoloCycle.exe 10 20 20 10 C:\rosettaCode>sattoloCycle.exe 10 20 30 30 10 20 C:\rosettaCode>sattoloCycle.exe 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 16 17 11 12 13 20 22 14 15 21 18 19 C:\rosettaCode>sattoloCycle.exe s a t t o l o C y c l e l o s a t c e t o l C y C:\rosettaCode>sattoloCycle.exe 1 2.3 4.2 1 3 e r q t 2 1 oo 2.1 eds 1 2.1 2.3 q r eds 1 e 3 t 1 2 oo 4.2 C:\rosettaCode>sattoloCycle.exe totally mixed up random string ( 1 2.3 2 ) which will get even more { a 2 q.1 } mixed up. mixed q.1 a 1 up ) 2 even { will ( } 2 more totally random get which string up. 2.3 mixed
Non Interactive and with hardcoded inputs
Same code but with hardcoded integer arrays as in the task to show that the function can handle any type. <lang C>
- include<stdlib.h>
- include<stdio.h>
- include<time.h>
void sattoloCycle(void** arr,int count){ int i,j; void* temp;
if(count<2) return; for(i=count-1;i>=1;i--){ j = rand()%i; temp = arr[j]; arr[j] = arr[i]; arr[i] = temp; } }
int main() { int i;
int a[] = {}; int b[] = {10}; int c[] = {10, 20}; int d[] = {10, 20, 30}; int e[] = {11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22};
srand((unsigned)time(NULL)); sattoloCycle((void*)a,0);
printf("\nShuffled a = "); for(i=0;i<0;i++) printf("%d ",a[i]);
sattoloCycle((void*)b,1);
printf("\nShuffled b = "); for(i=0;i<1;i++) printf("%d ",b[i]);
sattoloCycle((void*)c,2);
printf("\nShuffled c = "); for(i=0;i<2;i++) printf("%d ",c[i]);
sattoloCycle((void*)d,3);
printf("\nShuffled d = "); for(i=0;i<3;i++) printf("%d ",d[i]);
sattoloCycle((void*)e,12);
printf("\nShuffled e = "); for(i=0;i<12;i++) printf("%d ",e[i]);
return 0; } </lang> Output:
Shuffled a = Shuffled b = 10 Shuffled c = 20 10 Shuffled d = 20 30 10 Shuffled e = 13 18 14 20 17 15 21 19 16 12 22 11
C#
<lang csharp>private static readonly Random Rand = new Random();
void sattoloCycle<T>(IList<T> items) {
for (var i = items.Count; i-- > 1;) { int j = Rand.Next(i); var tmp = items[i]; items[i] = items[j]; items[j] = tmp; }
}</lang>
C++
<lang cpp>
- include <ctime>
- include <string>
- include <iostream>
- include <algorithm>
class cycle{ public:
template <class T> void cy( T* a, int len ) { int i, j; show( "original: ", a, len ); std::srand( unsigned( time( 0 ) ) );
for( int i = len - 1; i > 0; i-- ) { do { j = std::rand() % i; } while( j >= i ); std::swap( a[i], a[j] ); }
show( " cycled: ", a, len ); std::cout << "\n"; }
private:
template <class T> void show( std::string s, T* a, int len ) { std::cout << s; for( int i = 0; i < len; i++ ) { std::cout << a[i] << " "; } std::cout << "\n"; }
}; int main( int argc, char* argv[] ) {
std::string d0[] = { "" }, d1[] = { "10" }, d2[] = { "10", "20" }; int d3[] = { 10, 20, 30 }, d4[] = { 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22 }; cycle c; c.cy( d0, sizeof( d0 ) / sizeof( d0[0] ) ); c.cy( d1, sizeof( d1 ) / sizeof( d1[0] ) ); c.cy( d2, sizeof( d2 ) / sizeof( d2[0] ) ); c.cy( d3, sizeof( d3 ) / sizeof( d3[0] ) ); c.cy( d4, sizeof( d4 ) / sizeof( d4[0] ) );
return 0;
} </lang>
- Output:
original: cycled: original: 10 cycled: 10 original: 10 20 cycled: 20 10 original: 10 20 30 cycled: 30 10 20 original: 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 cycled: 13 17 14 22 11 18 20 12 21 19 15 16
D
<lang D>import std.stdio;
void main() {
auto items = [0,1,2,3,4,5]; sattoloCycle(items); items.writeln;
}
/// The Sattolo cycle is an algorithm for randomly shuffling an array in such a way that each element ends up in a new position. void sattoloCycle(R)(R items) {
import std.algorithm : swapAt; import std.random : uniform;
for (int i=items.length; i-- > 1;) { int j = uniform(0, i); items.swapAt(i, j); }
}
unittest {
import std.range : lockstep; auto o = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e'];
auto s = o.dup; sattoloCycle(s); foreach (a, b; lockstep(o, s)) { assert(a != b, "An element stayed in place unexpectedly."); }
}</lang>
- Output:
Several runs shown
[2, 4, 1, 5, 3, 0] [3, 0, 4, 5, 1, 2] [3, 5, 4, 1, 0, 2] [5, 4, 3, 0, 2, 1]
Factor
<lang factor>USING: arrays io kernel literals math math.ranges prettyprint random sequences ; IN: rosetta-code.sattolo-cycle
- (sattolo) ( seq -- seq' )
dup dup length 1 - 1 [a,b] [ dup iota random rot exchange ] with each ;
- sattolo ( seq -- seq/seq' )
dup length 1 > [ (sattolo) ] when ;
{
{ } { 10 } { 10 20 } { 10 20 30 } $[ 11 22 [a,b] >array ]
} [
[ "original: " write . ] [ "cycled: " write sattolo . ] bi nl
] each</lang>
- Output:
original: { } cycled: { } original: { 10 } cycled: { 10 } original: { 10 20 } cycled: { 20 10 } original: { 10 20 30 } cycled: { 30 10 20 } original: { 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 } cycled: { 16 19 20 13 17 18 22 14 21 15 11 12 }
Free Pascal
<lang pascal>program sattolocycle; {$ifdef fpc}{$mode delphi}{$endif} uses math; var
a:Array of cardinal; i,j:integer; t:cardinal;
begin
randomize; a:=[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19]; i := length(a); while i > 0 do begin dec(i); j :=randomrange(0,i); //Low() is always 0 t:=a[i];a[i]:=a[j];a[j]:=t; write(a[i]:4); end;
end.</lang>
Output in Free Pascal: 2 14 12 13 0 1 15 9 7 6 3 18 10 4 16 5 19 8 11 17 Note output in Delphi differs because of different PRNG algorithms
Note someone changed this and now it is incorrect.
FreeBASIC
<lang freebasic>' version 22-10-2016 ' compile with: fbc -s console ' for boundry checks on array's compile with: fbc -s console -exx
' sort from lower bound to the highter bound ' array's can have subscript range from -2147483648 to +2147483647
Sub sattolo_cycle(a() As Long)
Dim As Long lb = LBound(a) Dim As ULong n = UBound(a) - lb +1 Dim As ULong i, j
Randomize Timer
For i = n -1 To 1 Step -1 j =Fix(Rnd * (i)) ' 0 <= j < i Swap a(lb + i), a(lb + j) Next
End Sub
' ------=< MAIN >=------
Dim As Long i, array(1 To 52)
For i = 1 To 52 : array(i) = i : Next
Print "Starting array from 1 to 52" For i = 1 To 52
Print Using " ###";array(i);
Next : Print : Print
sattolo_cycle(array())
Print "After Sattolo_Cycle" For i = 1 To 52
Print Using " ###";array(i);
Next : Print : Print
' empty keyboard buffer
While InKey <> "" : Wend
Print : Print "hit any key to end program"
Sleep
End</lang>
- Output:
Starting array from 1 to 52 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 After Sattolo_Cycle 40 48 7 25 32 17 44 4 8 13 18 47 5 29 10 20 49 39 11 51 3 21 46 2 38 16 28 37 12 50 1 9 52 19 22 30 36 27 45 15 24 23 33 41 14 31 43 26 35 34 42 6
Go
<lang go> package main
import ( "math/rand" "fmt" )
func main() { list := []int{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10} for i := 1; i <= 10; i++ { sattoloCycle(list) fmt.Println(list) } }
func sattoloCycle(list []int) { for x := len(list) -1; x > 0; x-- { j := rand.Intn(x) list[x], list[j] = list[j], list[x] } } </lang>
- Output:
[4 5 1 7 3 9 10 2 8 6] [7 9 5 1 2 3 4 8 6 10] [2 3 9 4 6 8 7 1 10 5] [6 2 10 1 8 4 5 9 7 3] [8 3 7 2 10 1 6 4 9 5] [7 5 1 4 9 2 3 10 6 8] [6 8 3 10 2 4 7 1 5 9] [1 6 8 7 9 5 4 2 3 10] [9 5 10 6 2 8 1 7 4 3] [7 3 1 10 4 2 8 6 5 9]
Haskell
<lang haskell>import Control.Monad ((>=>), (>>=), forM_) import Control.Monad.Primitive import qualified Data.Vector as V import qualified Data.Vector.Mutable as M import System.Random.MWC
type MutVec m a = M.MVector (PrimState m) a
-- Perform an in-place shuffle of the vector, making it a single random cyclic -- permutation of its initial value. The vector is also returned for -- convenience. cyclicPermM :: PrimMonad m => Gen (PrimState m) -> MutVec m a -> m (MutVec m a) cyclicPermM rand vec = forM_ [1..M.length vec-1] upd >> return vec
where upd i = uniformR (0, i-1) rand >>= M.swap vec i
-- Return a vector that is a single random cyclic permutation of the argument. cyclicPerm :: PrimMonad m => Gen (PrimState m) -> V.Vector a -> m (V.Vector a) cyclicPerm rand = V.thaw >=> cyclicPermM rand >=> V.unsafeFreeze
test :: Show a => [a] -> IO () test xs = do
let orig = V.fromList xs cyc <- withSystemRandom . asGenIO $ \rand -> cyclicPerm rand orig putStrLn $ "original: " ++ show orig putStrLn $ " cycled: " ++ show cyc
main :: IO () main = do
test ([] :: [()]) test [10 :: Int] test [10, 20 :: Int] test [10, 20, 30 :: Int] test [11..22 :: Int] -- Also works for other types. test "abcdef"</lang>
- Output:
$ ./sattolo original: [] cycled: [] original: [10] cycled: [10] original: [10,20] cycled: [20,10] original: [10,20,30] cycled: [20,30,10] original: [11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22] cycled: [13,14,16,11,17,20,18,21,22,15,19,12] original: "abcdef" cycled: "cfeabd"
J
The key "feature" of this algorithm is that it cannot generate some legal random permutations. For example, given a two element list, it will always reverse that list.
Implementation:
<lang J>sattolo=:3 :0
for_i.}:i.-#y do. j=.?i y=. (<i,j) C. y end. y
) </lang>
Example use:
<lang J> sattolo
sattolo ,10
10
sattolo 10 20
20 10
sattolo 10 20 30
30 10 20
sattolo 11+i.12
19 18 15 21 12 17 22 16 20 13 11 14</lang>
Java
<lang Java>private static final Random rng = new Random();
void sattoloCycle(Object[] items) {
for (int i = items.length-1; i > 0; i--) { int j = rng.nextInt(i); Object tmp = items[i]; items[i] = items[j]; items[j] = tmp; }
}</lang>
JavaScript
<lang JavaScript>function sattoloCycle(items) {
for (var i = items.length-1; i > 0; i--) { var j = Math.floor(Math.random() * i); var tmp = items[i]; items[i] = items[j]; items[j] = tmp; }
}</lang>
Jsish
<lang javascript>/* Sattolo cycle array shuffle, in Jsish */ function sattoloCycle(items:array):void {
for (var i = items.length-1; i > 0; i--) { var j = Math.floor(Math.random() * i); var tmp = items[i]; items[i] = items[j]; items[j] = tmp; }
}
if (Interp.conf('unitTest')) {
Math.srand(0); for (var a of [[], [10], [10,20], [10,20,30], [11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22]]) {
- a;
sattoloCycle(a);
- a;
}
}
/*
!EXPECTSTART!
a ==> [] a ==> [] a ==> [ 10 ] a ==> [ 10 ] a ==> [ 10, 20 ] a ==> [ 20, 10 ] a ==> [ 10, 20, 30 ] a ==> [ 30, 10, 20 ] a ==> [ 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22 ] a ==> [ 22, 11, 17, 15, 12, 14, 19, 13, 21, 18, 16, 20 ]
!EXPECTEND!
- /</lang>
- Output:
prompt$ jsish -u sattoloCycle.jsi [PASS] sattoloCycle.jsi
Julia
<lang julia>function sattolocycle!(arr::Array, last::Int=length(arr))
for i in last:-1:2 j = rand(1:i-1) arr[i], arr[j] = arr[j], arr[i] end return arr
end
@show sattolocycle!([]) @show sattolocycle!([10]) @show sattolocycle!([10, 20, 30]) @show sattolocycle!([11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22])</lang>
- Output:
sattolocycle!([]) = Any[] sattolocycle!([10]) = [10] sattolocycle!([10, 20, 30]) = [30, 10, 20] sattolocycle!([11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22]) = [19, 20, 15, 11, 17, 18, 21, 22, 13, 16, 12, 14]
Kotlin
<lang scala>// version 1.0.6
fun <T> sattolo(items: Array<T>) {
for (i in items.size - 1 downTo 1) { val j = (Math.random() * i).toInt() val t = items[i] items[i] = items[j] items[j] = t }
}
fun main(args: Array<String>) {
val items = arrayOf(11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22) println(items.joinToString()) sattolo(items) println(items.joinToString())
}</lang> Sample output:
- Output:
11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22 22, 11, 19, 12, 21, 14, 18, 20, 17, 16, 13, 15
Lua
<lang Lua>function sattolo (items)
local j for i = #items, 2, -1 do j = math.random(i - 1) items[i], items[j] = items[j], items[i] end
end
math.randomseed(os.time()) local testCases = {
{}, {10}, {10, 20}, {10, 20, 30}, {11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22}
} for _, array in pairs(testCases) do
sattolo(array) print("[" .. table.concat(array, ", ") .. "]")
end</lang>
- Output:
[] [10] [20, 10] [30, 10, 20] [15, 17, 22, 18, 16, 19, 21, 11, 12, 13, 20, 14]
Modula-2
<lang modula2>MODULE SattoloCycle; FROM FormatString IMPORT FormatString; FROM RandomNumbers IMPORT Randomize,Random; FROM Terminal IMPORT WriteString,WriteLn,ReadChar;
PROCEDURE SwapInt(VAR a,b : INTEGER); VAR t : INTEGER; BEGIN
t := a; a := b; b := t;
END SwapInt;
TYPE
ARR = ARRAY[0..5] OF INTEGER;
VAR
buf : ARRAY[0..63] OF CHAR; items : ARR; i,j : INTEGER;
BEGIN
Randomize(0); items := ARR{0,1,2,3,4,5};
FOR i:=0 TO HIGH(items) DO j := Random(0,i); SwapInt(items[i], items[j]); END;
FOR i:=0 TO HIGH(items) DO FormatString(" %i", buf, items[i]); WriteString(buf) END;
ReadChar
END SattoloCycle.</lang>
Nim
<lang nim>import random
proc sattoloCycle[T](a: var openArray[T]) =
var j = 0 if a.len < 2: return for i in countdown(a.high, 1): j = rand(int.high) mod i swap a[j], a[i]
var a: seq[int] = @[] var b: seq[int] = @[10] var c: seq[int] = @[10, 20] var d: seq[int] = @[10, 20, 30] var e: seq[int] = @[11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22]
randomize()
a.sattoloCycle() echo "Shuffled a = ", $a
b.sattoloCycle() echo "\nShuffled b = ", $b
c.sattoloCycle() echo "\nShuffled c = ", $c
d.sattoloCycle() echo "\nShuffled d = ", $d
e.sattoloCycle() echo "\nShuffled e = ", $e</lang>
- Output:
Shuffled a = @[] Shuffled b = @[10] Shuffled c = @[20, 10] Shuffled d = @[20, 30, 10] Shuffled e = @[20, 21, 14, 17, 13, 18, 12, 22, 11, 15, 16, 19]
Objeck
<lang objeck>class Sattolo {
function : Main(args : String[]) ~ Nil { array := [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]; SattoloCycle(array); array->ToString()->PrintLine(); }
function : SattoloCycle(items : Int[]) ~ Nil { each(i : items) { j := (Float->Random() * 100.0)->As(Int) % items->Size(); tmp := items[i]; items[i] := items[j]; items[j] := tmp; }; }
} </lang>
Output:
[9,8,4,5,10,1,2,6,3,7]
Objective-C
<lang objc>#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
@interface NSMutableArray (SattoloCycle) - (void)sattoloCycle; @end @implementation NSMutableArray (SattoloCycle) - (void)sattoloCycle {
for (NSUInteger i = self.count-1; i > 0; i--) { NSUInteger j = arc4random_uniform(i); [self exchangeObjectAtIndex:i withObjectAtIndex:j]; }
} @end</lang>
OCaml
<lang ocaml>let sattolo_cycle arr =
for i = Array.length arr - 1 downto 1 do let j = Random.int i in let temp = arr.(i) in arr.(i) <- arr.(j); arr.(j) <- temp done</lang>
Perl
<lang perl>@a = 0..30;
printf "%2d ", $_ for @a; print "\n"; sattolo_cycle(\@a); printf "%2d ", $_ for @a; print "\n";
sub sattolo_cycle {
my($array) = @_; for $i (reverse 0 .. -1+@$array) { my $j = int rand $i; @$array[$j, $i] = @$array[$i, $j]; }
}</lang>
- Output:
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 18 5 9 25 3 23 12 2 26 21 16 4 11 15 20 1 27 10 29 7 6 28 24 8 13 17 19 0 14 30 22
Phix
<lang Phix>sequence cards = tagset(52) puts(1,"Before: ") ?cards for i=52 to 2 by -1 do
integer r = rand(i-1) {cards[r],cards[i]} = {cards[i],cards[r]}
end for puts(1,"After: ") ?cards for i=1 to 52 do
if cards[i]=i then ?9/0 end if
end for if sort(cards)!=tagset(52) then ?9/0 end if puts(1,"Sorted: ") ?sort(cards)</lang>
Before: {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52} After: {51,47,8,9,20,5,43,21,12,2,7,19,4,32,10,23,30,29,31,38,13,44,41,26,42,15,34,46,27,33,40,18,24,17,28,48,3,45,11,22,39,1,35,49,36,14,6,25,50,16,52,37} Sorted: {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52}
PHP
<lang PHP>function sattoloCycle($items) {
for ($i = 0; $i < count($items); $i++) { $j = floor((mt_rand() / mt_getrandmax()) * $i); $tmp = $items[$i]; $items[$i] = $items[$j]; $items[$j] = $tmp; } return $items;
} </lang>
PicoLisp
<lang PicoLisp>(seed (in "/dev/urandom" (rd 8)))
(de sattolo (Lst)
(for (N (length Lst) (>= N 2) (dec N)) (let I (rand 1 (dec N)) (xchg (nth Lst N) (nth Lst I)) ) ) )
(let L (range 1 15)
(println 'before L) (sattolo L) (println 'after L) )</lang>
- Output:
before (1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15) after (4 1 12 6 2 13 9 11 8 5 3 14 7 15 10)
Python
<lang python> >>> from random import randrange >>> def sattoloCycle(items): for i in range(len(items) - 1, 0, -1): j = randrange(i) # 0 <= j <= i-1 items[j], items[i] = items[i], items[j]
>>> # Tests
>>> for _ in range(10):
lst = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
sattoloCycle(lst)
print(lst)
[5, 8, 1, 2, 6, 4, 3, 9, 10, 7]
[5, 9, 8, 10, 4, 3, 6, 2, 1, 7]
[10, 5, 8, 3, 9, 1, 4, 2, 6, 7]
[10, 5, 2, 6, 9, 7, 8, 3, 1, 4]
[7, 4, 8, 5, 10, 3, 2, 9, 1, 6]
[2, 3, 10, 9, 4, 5, 8, 1, 7, 6]
[5, 7, 4, 6, 2, 9, 3, 10, 8, 1]
[3, 10, 7, 2, 9, 5, 8, 4, 1, 6]
[2, 6, 5, 3, 9, 8, 10, 7, 1, 4]
[3, 6, 2, 5, 10, 4, 1, 9, 7, 8]
>>> </lang>
Racket
<lang racket>#lang racket
- although the shuffle is in-place, returning the shuffled vector makes
- testing a little easier
(define (sattolo-shuffle v)
(for ((i (in-range (sub1 (vector-length v)) 0 -1))) (define j (random i)) (define tmp (vector-ref v i)) (vector-set! v i (vector-ref v j)) (vector-set! v j tmp)) v)
(define (derangement-of? A B #:strict? (strict? #t))
(match* (A B) [('() '()) #t] [((list a) (list a)) #:when strict? #t] [((list a _ ...) (list a _ ...)) #f] [((list _ as ...) (list _ bs ...)) (derangement-of? as bs #:strict? #t)] [((vector as ...) (vector bs ...)) (derangement-of? as bs #:strict? strict?)]))
(module+ test
(require rackunit)
(check-equal? (sattolo-shuffle (vector)) #()) (check-equal? (sattolo-shuffle (vector 10)) #(10)) (check-equal? (sattolo-shuffle (vector 'inky)) #(inky))
(define v′ (sattolo-shuffle (vector 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21)))
v′ (check-true (derangement-of? #(11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21) v′)))</lang>
- Output:
'#(21 19 12 11 18 17 14 16 15 13 20)
Raku
(formerly Perl 6)
This modifies the array passed as argument, in-place.
<lang perl6>sub sattolo-cycle (@array) {
for reverse 1 .. @array.end -> $i { my $j = (^$i).pick; @array[$j, $i] = @array[$i, $j]; }
}
my @a = flat 'A' .. 'Z', 'a' .. 'z';
say @a; sattolo-cycle(@a); say @a;</lang>
- Sample output:
[A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z] [r G w g W Z D X M f Q A c i H Y J F s z m v x P b U j n q I N e O L o C d u a K S V l y R T B k t h p E]
REXX
version 1
This REXX example uses a zero-based array; (to match the pseudo-code).
The array elements values can be of any type (even mixed): integer, floating point, characters, ···
The values of the array elements are specified via the command line (C.L.). <lang rexx>/*REXX program implements and displays a Sattolo shuffle for an array (of any type).*/ parse arg a; say 'original:' space(a) /*obtain args from the CL; display 'em.*/
do x=0 for words(a); @.x= word(a, x+1); end /*assign all elements to the @. array. */ /* [↑] build an array of given items. */ do #=x-1 by -1 to 1; j= random(0, #-1) /*get a random integer between 0 & #-1.*/ parse value @.# @.j with @.j @.# /*swap two array elements, J is random.*/ end /*j*/ /* [↑] shuffle @ via Sattolo algorithm*/
$= /* [↓] build a list of shuffled items.*/
do k=0 for x; $= $ @.k; end /*k*/ /*append the next element in the array.*/
say ' Sattolo:' strip($) /*stick a fork in it, we're all done. */</lang>
- output when using the input of: [a null]
original: Sattolo:
- output when using the input of: 10
original: 10 Sattolo: 10
- output when using the input of: 10 20
original: 10 20 Sattolo: 20 10
- output when using the input of: 10 20 30
original: 10 20 30 Sattolo: 20 30 10
- output when using the input of: 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
original: 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Sattolo: 15 14 17 19 18 12 22 13 20 21 11 16output when using the input of: -1 0 00 oNe 2.7 /\ [] +6e1 ~~~
original: -1 0 00 one 2.7 /\ [] +6e1 ~~~ Sattolo: /\ 00 +6e1 0 ~~~ oNe -1 2.7 []
version 2
<lang rexx>/* REXX */ n=25 Do i=0 To n
a.i=i b.i=i End
Call show ' pre' Do i=n to 1 By -1
j=random(0,i-1) Parse Value a.i a.j With a.j a.i End
Call show 'post' Do i=0 To n
If a.i=b.i Then Say i a.i '=' b.i End
Exit Show: ol=arg(1) Do i=0 To n
ol=ol right(a.i,2) End
Say ol Return</lang>
- Output:
pre 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 post 3 4 8 18 14 21 20 13 10 1 25 7 2 24 12 23 5 11 6 22 16 19 9 0 15 17
Ring
<lang ring>
- Project : Sattolo cycle
a = "123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz" n = len(a) sit = list(n)
for i = 1 to n
sit[i] = substr(a, i, 1)
next showsit() for i = n to 1 step -1
j = floor(i * random(9)/10) + 1 h = sit[i] sit[i] = sit[j] sit[j] = h
next showsit()
func showsit
for i = 1 to n see sit[i] + " " next see nl
</lang> Output:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z i v 3 c 7 x 6 5 4 n a b r t e f g 2 8 u m o p w q l j h 9 s d y k z 1
Ruby
<lang ruby> > class Array > def sattolo_cycle! > (length - 1).downto(1) do |i|
- j = rand(i)
> self[i], self[j] = self[j], self[i] > end > self > end > end => :sattolo_cycle!
> # Tests > 10.times do
- p [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10].sattolo_cycle!
> end [10, 6, 9, 7, 8, 1, 3, 2, 5, 4] [3, 7, 5, 10, 4, 8, 1, 2, 6, 9] [10, 3, 4, 8, 9, 7, 1, 5, 6, 2] [8, 7, 4, 2, 6, 9, 1, 5, 10, 3] [2, 7, 5, 10, 8, 3, 6, 9, 4, 1] [2, 10, 8, 6, 1, 3, 5, 9, 7, 4] [8, 5, 6, 1, 4, 9, 2, 10, 7, 3] [5, 4, 10, 7, 2, 1, 8, 9, 3, 6] [9, 8, 4, 2, 6, 1, 5, 10, 3, 7] [9, 4, 2, 7, 6, 1, 10, 3, 8, 5] => 10</lang>
Run BASIC
<lang Runbasic>a$ = "123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz" n = len(a$) dim sit$(n) ' hold area to string global n
for i = 1 to n ' put string in array
sit$(i) = mid$(a$,i,1)
next i
call shoSit ' show before change
for i = n to 1 step -1
j = int(i * rnd(1)) + 1 h$ = sit$(i) sit$(i) = sit$(j) sit$(j) = h$
next i
call shoSit ' show after change end
sub shoSit
for i = 1 to n print sit$(i);" "; next i print
end sub
</lang>
Output: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z d c 5 e v 3 n 7 8 h r p 2 y j l s x q 6 f 9 o a u i w 4 1 m g z t k b
Scala
<lang Scala>def shuffle[T](a: Array[T]): Array[T] = {
scala.util.Random.shuffle(a) a
}</lang>
SequenceL
<lang sequenceL> import <Utilities/Random.sl>; import <Utilities/Sequence.sl>;
sattolo(x(1), seed) := shuffle(x, seedRandom(seed), size(x));
shuffle(x(1), RG, n) := let next := getRandom(RG); in x when n <= 1 else shuffle(swap(x, n, next.Value mod (n - 1) + 1), next.Generator, n - 1);
swap(list(1), i(0), j(0)) := swapHelper(list, i, j, list[i], list[j]); swapHelper(list(1), i(0), j(0), vali(0), valj(0)) := setElementAt(setElementAt(list, i, valj), j, vali);
</lang>
Sidef
Modifies the array in-place: <lang ruby>func sattolo_cycle(arr) {
for i in (arr.len ^.. 1) { arr.swap(i, i.irand) }
}</lang>
Smalltalk
<lang Smalltalk>SequenceableCollection extend [
sattoloCycle [1 to: self size-1 do: [:a || b | b := Random between: a+1 and: self size. self swap: a with: b]]
]</lang> Modifies the collection in-place. Collections that don't support that, like strings, will throw an exception.
Use example: <lang Smalltalk>st> #() copy sattoloCycle () st> #(10) copy sattoloCycle (10 ) st> #(10 20) copy sattoloCycle (20 10 ) st> #(10 20 30) copy sattoloCycle (30 10 20 ) st> #(10 20 30) copy sattoloCycle (20 30 10 ) st> #(11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22) copy sattoloCycle (22 13 17 18 14 12 15 21 16 11 20 19 ) st> 'Sattolo cycle' asArray sattoloCycle asString 'yocS talcelto'</lang>
Swift
<lang swift>extension Array {
public mutating func satalloShuffle() { for i in stride(from: index(before: endIndex), through: 1, by: -1) { swapAt(i, .random(in: 0..<i)) } }
public func satalloShuffled() -> [Element] { var arr = Array(self)
arr.satalloShuffle()
return arr }
}
let testCases = [
[], [10, 20], [10, 20, 30], [11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22]
]
for testCase in testCases {
let shuffled = testCase.satalloShuffled()
guard zip(testCase, shuffled).allSatisfy(!=) else { fatalError("satallo shuffle failed") }
print("\(testCase) shuffled = \(shuffled)")
}</lang>
- Output:
[] shuffled = [] [10, 20] shuffled = [20, 10] [10, 20, 30] shuffled = [20, 30, 10] [11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22] shuffled = [20, 22, 17, 12, 19, 14, 15, 13, 21, 16, 11, 18]
TypeScript
<lang TypeScript>function sattoloCycle<T>(items: Array<T>): void {
for (let i = items.length; i -= 1;) { const j = Math.floor(Math.random() * i); const tmp = items[i]; items[i] = items[j]; items[j] = tmp; }
}</lang>
VBA
<lang vb>Private Sub Sattolo(Optional ByRef a As Variant)
Dim t As Variant, i As Integer If Not IsMissing(a) Then For i = UBound(a) To lbound(a)+1 Step -1 j = Int((UBound(a) - 1 - LBound(a) + 1) * Rnd + LBound(a)) t = a(i) a(i) = a(j) a(j) = t Next i End If
End Sub Public Sub program()
Dim b As Variant, c As Variant, d As Variant, e As Variant Randomize 'imagine an empty array on this line b = [{10}] c = [{10, 20}] d = [{10, 20, 30}] e = [{11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22}] f = [{"This ", "is ", "a ", "test"}] Debug.Print "Before:" Sattolo 'feeding an empty array ;) Debug.Print "After: " Debug.Print "Before:"; For Each i In b: Debug.Print i;: Next i: Debug.Print Sattolo b Debug.Print "After: "; For Each i In b: Debug.Print i;: Next i: Debug.Print Debug.Print "Before:"; For Each i In c: Debug.Print i;: Next i: Debug.Print Sattolo c Debug.Print "After: "; For Each i In c: Debug.Print i;: Next i: Debug.Print Debug.Print "Before:"; For Each i In d: Debug.Print i;: Next i: Debug.Print Sattolo d Debug.Print "After: "; For Each i In d: Debug.Print i;: Next i: Debug.Print Debug.Print "Before:"; For Each i In e: Debug.Print i;: Next i: Debug.Print Sattolo e Debug.Print "After: "; For Each i In e: Debug.Print i;: Next i: Debug.Print Debug.Print "Before:"; For Each i In f: Debug.Print i;: Next i: Debug.Print Sattolo f Debug.Print "After: "; For Each i In f: Debug.Print i;: Next i: Debug.Print
End Sub
</lang>
- Output:
Before:After: Before: 10 After: 10 Before: 10 20 After: 20 10 Before: 10 20 30 After: 20 10 30 Before: 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 After: 16 18 19 17 12 20 22 14 11 13 15 21 Before:This is a test After: testa is This
Wren
<lang ecmascript>import "random" for Random
var rand = Random.new()
var sattolo = Fn.new { |items|
var count = items.count if (count < 2) return for (i in count-1..1) { var j = rand.int(i) var t = items[i] items[i] = items[j] items[j] = t }
}
var tests = [[], [10], [10, 20], [10, 20, 30], [11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22],
["a", "b", "c", "d", "e"], ["fgh", "ijk", "lmn", "opq", "rst", "uvw", "xyz"] ]
for (test in tests) {
System.print("Original: %(test)") sattolo.call(test) System.print("Sattolo : %(test)\n")
}</lang>
- Output:
Original: [] Sattolo : [] Original: [10] Sattolo : [10] Original: [10, 20] Sattolo : [20, 10] Original: [10, 20, 30] Sattolo : [20, 30, 10] Original: [11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22] Sattolo : [21, 22, 19, 15, 13, 12, 11, 14, 20, 16, 18, 17] Original: [a, b, c, d, e] Sattolo : [b, e, d, a, c] Original: [fgh, ijk, lmn, opq, rst, uvw, xyz] Sattolo : [xyz, opq, rst, fgh, ijk, lmn, uvw]
Yabasic
<lang Yabasic>sub sattolo$(l$)
local i, j, items$(1), n, t$ n = token(l$, items$(), ",") for i = n to 2 step -1 j = int(ran(i - 1)) + 1 t$ = items$(i) items$(i) = items$(j) items$(j) = t$ next
t$ = "" for i = 1 to n t$ = t$ + items$(i) + "," next return left$(t$, len(t$) - 1)
end sub
data "", "10", "10,20", "10,20,30", "11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22"
for n = 1 to 5
read item$ : print "[", sattolo$(item$), "]"
next</lang>
zkl
<lang zkl>fcn sattoloCycle(list){ // in place
foreach i in ([list.len()-1 .. 1,-1]){ list.swap(i,(0).random(i)); # 0 <= j < i } list
}</lang> <lang zkl>sattoloCycle([0..9].walk().copy()).println(); sattoloCycle("this is a test".split()).println();</lang>
- Output:
L(6,3,8,2,5,7,1,0,9,4) L("test","this","is","a")