15 puzzle game
You are encouraged to solve this task according to the task description, using any language you may know.
- Task
Implement the Fifteen Puzzle Game.
The 15-puzzle is also known as:
- Fifteen Puzzle
- Gem Puzzle
- Boss Puzzle
- Game of Fifteen
- Mystic Square
- 14-15 Puzzle
- and many others.
- Related Tasks
Ada
We fist define a generic package Generic_Puzzle. Upon instantiation, it can take any number of rows, any number of columns for a rows*columns-1 game. Instead of plain numbers, the tiles on the board can have arbitrary names (but they should all be of the same length). The package user can request the name for the tile at a certain (row,column)-point, and the set of possible moves. The user can move the empty space up, down, left and right (if possible). If the user makes the attempt to perform an impossible move, a Constraint_Error is raised.
<lang Ada>generic
Rows, Cols: Positive; with function Name(N: Natural) return String; -- with Pre => (N < Rows*Cols); -- Name(0) shall return the name for the empty tile
package Generic_Puzzle is
subtype Row_Type is Positive range 1 .. Rows; subtype Col_Type is Positive range 1 .. Cols; type Moves is (Up, Down, Left, Right); type Move_Arr is array(Moves) of Boolean; function Get_Point(Row: Row_Type; Col: Col_Type) return String; function Possible return Move_Arr; procedure Move(The_Move: Moves);
end Generic_Puzzle;</lang>
The package implementation is as follows.
<lang Ada>package body Generic_Puzzle is
Field: array(Row_Type, Col_Type) of Natural;
Current_R: Row_Type := Rows;
Current_C: Col_Type := Cols;
-- invariant: Field(Current_R, Current_C=0)
-- and for all R, C: Field(R, C) < R*C
-- and for all (R, C) /= (RR, CC): Field(R, C) /= Field(RR, CC)
function Get_Point(Row: Row_Type; Col: Col_Type) return String is
(Name(Field(Row, Col)));
function Possible return Move_Arr is
(Up => Current_R > 1, Down => Current_R < Rows,
Left => Current_C > 1, Right => Current_C < Cols);
procedure Move(The_Move: Moves) is
Old_R: Row_Type; Old_C: Col_Type; N: Natural;
begin
if not Possible(The_Move) then
raise Constraint_Error with "attempt to make impossible move";
else
-- remember current row and column Old_R := Current_R; Old_C := Current_C;
-- move the virtual cursor to a new position case The_Move is when Up => Current_R := Current_R - 1; when Down => Current_R := Current_R + 1; when Left => Current_C := Current_C - 1; when Right => Current_C := Current_C + 1; end case;
-- swap the tiles on the board N := Field(Old_R, Old_C); Field(Old_R, Old_C) := Field(Current_R, Current_C); Field(Current_R, Current_C) := N;
end if; end Move;
begin
declare -- set field to its basic setting
N: Positive := 1;
begin
for R in Row_Type loop
for C in Col_Type loop if (R /= Current_R) or else (C /= Current_C) then Field(R, C) := N; N := N + 1; else Field(R, C) := 0; end if; end loop;
end loop; end;
end Generic_Puzzle;</lang>
The main program reads the level from the command line. A larger level implies a more difficult instance. The default level is 10, which is fairly simple. After randomizing the board, the user can move the tiles.
<lang Ada>with Generic_Puzzle, Ada.Text_IO,
Ada.Numerics.Discrete_Random, Ada.Command_Line;
procedure Puzzle_15 is
function Image(N: Natural) return String is
(if N=0 then " " elsif N < 10 then " " & Integer'Image(N)
else Integer'Image(N));
package Puzzle is new Generic_Puzzle(Rows => 4, Cols => 4, Name => Image);
package Rnd is new Ada.Numerics.Discrete_Random(Puzzle.Moves);
Rand_Gen: Rnd.Generator;
Level: Natural := (if Ada.Command_Line.Argument_Count = 0 then 10
else Natural'Value(Ada.Command_Line.Argument(1)));
Initial_Moves: Natural := (2**(Level/2) + 2**((1+Level)/2))/2;
Texts: constant array(Puzzle.Moves) of String(1..9) :=
("u,U,^,8: ", "d,D,v,2: ", "l,L,<,4: ", "r,R,>,6: ");
Move_Counter: Natural := 0;
Command: Character;
begin
-- randomize board
for I in 1 .. Initial_Moves loop
declare
M: Puzzle.Moves := Rnd.Random(Rand_Gen);
begin
if Puzzle.Possible(M) then Puzzle.Move(M); end if;
end;
end loop;
-- read command and perform move
loop
-- Print board
for R in Puzzle.Row_Type loop
for C in Puzzle.Col_Type loop Ada.Text_IO.Put(Puzzle.Get_Point(R, C)); end loop; Ada.Text_IO.New_Line;
end loop;
Ada.Text_IO.Get(Command);
begin
case Command is when 'u' | 'U' | '^' | '8' => Ada.Text_IO.Put_Line("Up!"); Puzzle.Move(Puzzle.Up); when 'd' | 'D' | 'v' | '2' => Ada.Text_IO.Put_Line("Down!"); Puzzle.Move(Puzzle.Down); when 'l' | 'L' | '<' | '4' => Ada.Text_IO.Put_Line("Left!"); Puzzle.Move(Puzzle.Left); when 'r' | 'R' | '>' | '6' => Ada.Text_IO.Put_Line("Right!"); Puzzle.Move(Puzzle.Right); when '!' => Ada.Text_IO.Put_Line(Natural'Image(Move_Counter) & " moves!"); exit; when others => raise Constraint_Error with "wrong input"; end case; Move_Counter := Move_Counter + 1;
exception when Constraint_Error =>
Ada.Text_IO.Put_Line("Possible Moves and Commands:"); for M in Puzzle.Moves loop if Puzzle.Possible(M) then Ada.Text_IO.Put(Texts(M) & Puzzle.Moves'Image(M) & " "); end if; end loop; Ada.Text_IO.Put_Line("!: Quit");
end; end loop;
end Puzzle_15;</lang>
- Output:
>./puzzle_15 4 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 14 10 11 13 15 12 8 Up! 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 13 14 15 12 6 Right! 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 13 14 15 12 5 Possible Moves and Commands: u,U,^,8: UP d,D,v,2: DOWN l,L,<,4: LEFT r,R,>,6: RIGHT !: Quit 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 13 14 15 12 6 Right! 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 13 14 15 12 2 Down! 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 ! 4 moves!
For other puzzles, one must just the single line with the package instantiation. E.g., for an 8-puzzle, we would write the following. <lang Ada> package Puzzle is new Generic_Puzzle(Rows => 3, Cols => 3, Name => Image);</lang>
APL
<lang APL>fpg←{⎕IO←0
⍺←4 4
(s∨.<0)∨2≠⍴s←⍺:'invalid shape:'s
0≠⍴⍴⍵:'invalid shuffle count:'⍵
d←d,-d←↓2 2⍴3↑1
e←¯1+⍴c←'↑↓←→○'
b←w←s⍴w←1⌽⍳×/s
z←⊃{
z p←⍵
n←(?⍴p)⊃p←(p≡¨(⊂s)|p)/p←(d~p)+⊂z
b[z n]←b[n z]
-⍨\n z
}⍣⍵⊢(s-1)0
⎕←b
⍬{
b≡w:'win'
0=⍴⍺:⍞∇ ⍵
e=i←c⍳m←⊃⍺:'quit'
i>e:⍞∇ ⍵⊣⎕←'invalid direction:'m
n≢s|n←⍵+i⊃d:⍞∇ ⍵⊣'out of bounds:'m
b[⍵ n]←b[n ⍵]
⎕←(s×0≠⍴⍺)⍴b
(1↓⍺)∇ n
}z
}</lang>
- Output:
fpg 10
1 3 0 4
5 2 6 8
9 10 7 12
13 14 11 15
←
1 0 3 4
5 2 6 8
9 10 7 12
13 14 11 15
↓
1 2 3 4
5 0 6 8
9 10 7 12
13 14 11 15
→
1 2 3 4
5 6 0 8
9 10 7 12
13 14 11 15
↓↓
1 2 3 4
5 6 7 8
9 10 11 12
13 14 0 15
→
1 2 3 4
5 6 7 8
9 10 11 12
13 14 15 0
win
2 5 fpg 2
1 2 3 0 4
6 7 8 9 5
→
1 2 3 4 0
6 7 8 9 5
↓
1 2 3 4 5
6 7 8 9 0
win
ARM Assembly
<lang ARM Assembly>
/* ARM assembly Raspberry PI */ /* program puzzle15.s */
/************************************/ /* Constantes */ /************************************/ .equ STDIN, 0 @ Linux input console .equ STDOUT, 1 @ Linux output console .equ EXIT, 1 @ Linux syscall .equ READ, 3 @ Linux syscall .equ WRITE, 4 @ Linux syscall
.equ IOCTL, 0x36 @ Linux syscall .equ SIGACTION, 0x43 @ Linux syscall .equ SYSPOLL, 0xA8 @ Linux syscall
.equ TCGETS, 0x5401 .equ TCSETS, 0x5402 .equ ICANON, 2 .equ ECHO, 10 .equ POLLIN, 1
.equ SIGINT, 2 @ Issued if the user sends an interrupt signal (Ctrl + C) .equ SIGQUIT, 3 @ Issued if the user sends a quit signal (Ctrl + D) .equ SIGTERM, 15 @ Software termination signal (sent by kill by default) .equ SIGTTOU, 22 @
.equ NBBOX, 16 .equ TAILLEBUFFER, 10
/*******************************************/ /* Structures */ /********************************************/ /* structure termios see doc linux*/
.struct 0
term_c_iflag: @ input modes
.struct term_c_iflag + 4
term_c_oflag: @ output modes
.struct term_c_oflag + 4
term_c_cflag: @ control modes
.struct term_c_cflag + 4
term_c_lflag: @ local modes
.struct term_c_lflag + 4
term_c_cc: @ special characters
.struct term_c_cc + 20 @ see length if necessary
term_fin:
/* structure sigaction see doc linux */
.struct 0
sa_handler:
.struct sa_handler + 4
sa_mask:
.struct sa_mask + 4
sa_flags:
.struct sa_flags + 4
sa_sigaction:
.struct sa_sigaction + 4
sa_fin:
/* structure poll see doc linux */
.struct 0
poll_fd: @ File Descriptor
.struct poll_fd + 4
poll_events: @ events mask
.struct poll_events + 4
poll_revents: @ events returned
.struct poll_revents + 4
poll_fin: /*********************************/ /* Initialized data */ /*********************************/ .data sMessResult: .ascii " " sMessValeur: .fill 11, 1, ' ' @ size => 11 szCarriageReturn: .asciz "\n" szMessGameWin: .ascii "You win in " sMessCounter: .fill 11, 1, ' ' @ size => 11
.asciz " move number !!!!\n"
szMessMoveError: .asciz "Huh... Impossible move !!!!\n" szMessErreur: .asciz "Error detected.\n" szMessSpaces: .asciz " " iGraine: .int 123456 /*************************************************/ szMessErr: .ascii "Error code hexa : " sHexa: .space 9,' '
.ascii " decimal : "
sDeci: .space 15,' '
.asciz "\n"
szClear: .byte 0x1B .byte 'c' @ console clear .byte 0 /*********************************/ /* UnInitialized data */ /*********************************/ .bss .align 4 iCodeError: .skip 4 ibox: .skip 4 * NBBOX @ game boxes iEnd: .skip 4 @ 0 loop 1 = end loop iTouche: .skip 4 @ value key pressed stOldtio: .skip term_fin @ old terminal state stCurtio: .skip term_fin @ current terminal state stSigAction: .skip sa_fin @ area signal structure stSigAction1: .skip sa_fin stPoll1: .skip poll_fin @ area poll structure stPoll2: .skip poll_fin /*********************************/ /* code section */ /*********************************/ .text .global main main: @ entry of program
mov r0,#0 ldr r2,iAdribox mov r9,#0 @ move counter
1: @ loop init boxs
add r1,r0,#1 @ box value str r1,[r2,r0, lsl #2] @ store value add r0,#1 @ increment counter cmp r0,#NBBOX - 2 @ end ? ble 1b mov r10,#15 @ empty box location ldr r0,iAdribox bl shuffleGame
2: @ loop moves
ldr r0,iAdribox bl displayGame //ldr r0,iAdribox //bl gameOK @ end game ? //cmp r0,#1 //beq 50f bl readKey @ read key cmp r0,#-1 beq 100f @ error or control-c mov r1,r0 @ key ldr r0,iAdribox bl keyMove ldr r0,iAdribox bl gameOK @ end game ? cmp r0,#1 bne 2b @ no -> loop
50: @ win
mov r0,r9 @ move counter ldr r1,iAdrsMessCounter bl conversion10 ldr r0,iAdrszMessGameWin bl affichageMess
100: @ standard end of the program
mov r0, #0 @ return code mov r7, #EXIT @ request to exit program svc #0 @ perform the system call
iAdrsMessValeur: .int sMessValeur iAdrszCarriageReturn: .int szCarriageReturn iAdrsMessResult: .int sMessResult iAdribox: .int ibox iAdrszMessGameWin: .int szMessGameWin iAdrsMessCounter: .int sMessCounter /******************************************************************/ /* key move */ /******************************************************************/ /* r0 contains boxs address */ /* r1 contains key value */ /* r9 move counter */ /* r10 contains location empty box */ keyMove:
push {r1-r8,lr} @ save registers
mov r8,r0
cmp r1,#0x42 @ down arrow
bne 1f
cmp r10,#4 @ if r10 < 4 error
blt 80f
sub r2,r10,#4 @ compute location
b 90f
1:
cmp r1,#0x41 @ high arrow bne 2f cmp r10,#11 @ if r10 > 11 error bgt 80f add r2,r10,#4 @ compute location b 90f
2:
cmp r1,#0x43 @ right arrow bne 3f tst r10,#0b11 @ if r10 = 0,4,8,12 error beq 80f sub r2,r10,#1 @ compute location b 90f
3:
cmp r1,#0x44 @ left arrow bne 100f and r3,r10,#0b11 @ error if r10 = 3 7 11 and 15 cmp r3,#3 beq 80f add r2,r10,#1 @ compute location b 90f
80: @ move error
ldr r0,iAdriCodeError mov r1,#1 str r1,[r0] b 100f
90: @ white box and move box inversion
ldr r3,[r8,r2,lsl #2] str r3,[r8,r10,lsl #2] mov r10,r2 mov r3,#0 str r3,[r8,r10,lsl #2] add r9,#1 @ increment move counter
100:
pop {r1-r8,lr} @ restaur registers
bx lr @return
iAdriCodeError: .int iCodeError /******************************************************************/ /* shuffle game */ /******************************************************************/ /* r0 contains boxs address */ shuffleGame:
push {r1-r6,lr} @ save registers
mov r1,r0
mov r0,#4
bl genereraleas
lsl r4,r0,#1
mov r0,r8
1:
mov r0,#14 bl genereraleas add r6,r0,#1 mov r0,#14 bl genereraleas add r5,r0,#1 ldr r2,[r1,r6,lsl #2] ldr r3,[r1,r5,lsl #2] str r2,[r1,r5,lsl #2] str r3,[r1,r6,lsl #2] subs r4,#1 bgt 1b
100:
pop {r1-r6,lr} @ restaur registers
bx lr @return
/******************************************************************/ /* game Ok ? */ /******************************************************************/ /* r0 contains boxs address */ gameOK:
push {r1-r8,lr} @ save registers
mov r8,r0
mov r2,#0
ldr r3,[r8,r2,lsl #2]
add r2,#1
1:
ldr r4,[r8,r2,lsl #2] cmp r4,r3 movlt r0,#0 @ game mot Ok blt 100f mov r3,r4 add r2,#1 cmp r2,#NBBOX -2 ble 1b mov r0,#1 @ game Ok
100:
pop {r1-r8,lr} @ restaur registers
bx lr @return
/******************************************************************/ /* display game */ /******************************************************************/ /* r0 contains boxs address */ displayGame:
push {r1-r5,lr} @ save registers
@ clear !
mov r4,r0
ldr r0,iAdrszClear
bl affichageMess
mov r2,#0
ldr r1,iAdrsMessValeur
1:
ldr r0,[r4,r2,lsl #2] cmp r0,#0 ldreq r0,iSpaces @ store spaces streq r0,[r1] beq 2f bl conversion10 @ call conversion decimal mov r0,#0 strb r0,[r1,#3] @ zéro final
2:
ldr r0,iAdrsMessResult bl affichageMess @ display message add r0,r2,#1 tst r0,#0b11 bne 3f ldr r0,iAdrszCarriageReturn bl affichageMess @ display message
3:
add r2,#1 cmp r2,#NBBOX - 1 ble 1b ldr r0,iAdrszCarriageReturn bl affichageMess @ display line return ldr r0,iAdriCodeError @ error detected ? ldr r1,[r0] cmp r1,#0 beq 100f mov r1,#0 @ raz error code str r1,[r0] ldr r0,iAdrszMessMoveError @ display error message bl affichageMess
100:
pop {r1-r5,lr} @ restaur registers
bx lr @return
iSpaces: .int 0x00202020 @ spaces iAdrszClear: .int szClear iAdrszMessMoveError: .int szMessMoveError /******************************************************************/ /* display text with size calculation */ /******************************************************************/ /* r0 contains the address of the message */ affichageMess:
push {r0,r1,r2,r7,lr} @ save registres
mov r2,#0 @ counter length
1: @ loop length calculation
ldrb r1,[r0,r2] @ read octet start position + index
cmp r1,#0 @ if 0 its over
addne r2,r2,#1 @ else add 1 in the length
bne 1b @ and loop
@ so here r2 contains the length of the message
mov r1,r0 @ address message in r1
mov r0,#STDOUT @ code to write to the standard output Linux
mov r7, #WRITE @ code call system "write"
svc #0 @ call systeme
pop {r0,r1,r2,r7,lr} @ restaur des 2 registres */
bx lr @ return
/******************************************************************/ /* Converting a register to a decimal unsigned */ /******************************************************************/ /* r0 contains value and r1 address area */ /* r0 return size of result (no zero final in area) */ /* area size => 11 bytes */ .equ LGZONECAL, 10 conversion10:
push {r1-r4,lr} @ save registers
mov r3,r1
mov r2,#LGZONECAL
1: @ start loop
bl divisionpar10U @ unsigned r0 <- dividende. quotient ->r0 reste -> r1
add r1,#48 @ digit
strb r1,[r3,r2] @ store digit on area
cmp r0,#0 @ stop if quotient = 0
subne r2,#1 @ else previous position
bne 1b @ and loop
@ and move digit from left of area
mov r4,#0
2:
ldrb r1,[r3,r2]
strb r1,[r3,r4]
add r2,#1
add r4,#1
cmp r2,#LGZONECAL
ble 2b
@ and move spaces in end on area
mov r0,r4 @ result length
mov r1,#' ' @ space
3:
strb r1,[r3,r4] @ store space in area add r4,#1 @ next position cmp r4,#LGZONECAL ble 3b @ loop if r4 <= area size
100:
pop {r1-r4,lr} @ restaur registres
bx lr @return
/***************************************************/ /* division par 10 unsigned */ /***************************************************/ /* r0 dividende */ /* r0 quotient */ /* r1 remainder */ divisionpar10U:
push {r2,r3,r4, lr}
mov r4,r0 @ save value
ldr r3,iMagicNumber @ r3 <- magic_number raspberry 1 2
umull r1, r2, r3, r0 @ r1<- Lower32Bits(r1*r0) r2<- Upper32Bits(r1*r0)
mov r0, r2, LSR #3 @ r2 <- r2 >> shift 3
add r2,r0,r0, lsl #2 @ r2 <- r0 * 5
sub r1,r4,r2, lsl #1 @ r1 <- r4 - (r2 * 2) = r4 - (r0 * 10)
pop {r2,r3,r4,lr}
bx lr @ leave function
iMagicNumber: .int 0xCCCCCCCD /***************************************************/ /* Generation random number */ /***************************************************/ /* r0 contains limit */ genereraleas:
push {r1-r4,lr} @ save registers
ldr r4,iAdriGraine
ldr r2,[r4]
ldr r3,iNbDep1
mul r2,r3,r2
ldr r3,iNbDep1
add r2,r2,r3
str r2,[r4] @ maj de la graine pour l appel suivant
cmp r0,#0
beq 100f
mov r1,r0 @ divisor
mov r0,r2 @ dividende
bl division
mov r0,r3 @ résult = remainder
100: @ end function
pop {r1-r4,lr} @ restaur registers
bx lr @ return
/*****************************************************/ iAdriGraine: .int iGraine iNbDep1: .int 0x343FD iNbDep2: .int 0x269EC3 /***************************************************/ /* integer division unsigned */ /***************************************************/ division:
/* r0 contains dividend */
/* r1 contains divisor */
/* r2 returns quotient */
/* r3 returns remainder */
push {r4, lr}
mov r2, #0 @ init quotient
mov r3, #0 @ init remainder
mov r4, #32 @ init counter bits
b 2f
1: @ loop
movs r0, r0, LSL #1 @ r0 <- r0 << 1 updating cpsr (sets C if 31st bit of r0 was 1) adc r3, r3, r3 @ r3 <- r3 + r3 + C. This is equivalent to r3 ? (r3 << 1) + C cmp r3, r1 @ compute r3 - r1 and update cpsr subhs r3, r3, r1 @ if r3 >= r1 (C=1) then r3 <- r3 - r1 adc r2, r2, r2 @ r2 <- r2 + r2 + C. This is equivalent to r2 <- (r2 << 1) + C
2:
subs r4, r4, #1 @ r4 <- r4 - 1
bpl 1b @ if r4 >= 0 (N=0) then loop
pop {r4, lr}
bx lr
/***************************************************/ /* read touch */ /***************************************************/ readKey:
push {r1-r7,lr}
mov r5,#0
/* read terminal state */
mov r0,#STDIN @ input console
mov r1,#TCGETS
ldr r2,iAdrstOldtio
mov r7, #IOCTL @ call system Linux
svc #0
cmp r0,#0 @ error ?
beq 1f
ldr r1,iAdrszMessErreur @ error message
bl displayError
mov r0,#-1
b 100f
1:
adr r0,sighandler @ adresse routine traitement signal ldr r1,iAdrstSigAction @ adresse structure sigaction str r0,[r1,#sa_handler] @ maj handler mov r0,#SIGINT @ signal type ldr r1,iAdrstSigAction mov r2,#0 @ NULL mov r7, #SIGACTION @ call system svc #0 cmp r0,#0 @ error ? bne 97f mov r0,#SIGQUIT ldr r1,iAdrstSigAction mov r2,#0 @ NULL mov r7, #SIGACTION @ call system svc #0 cmp r0,#0 @ error ? bne 97f mov r0,#SIGTERM ldr r1,iAdrstSigAction mov r2,#0 @ NULL mov r7, #SIGACTION @ appel systeme svc #0 cmp r0,#0 bne 97f @ adr r0,iSIG_IGN @ address signal ignore function ldr r1,iAdrstSigAction1 str r0,[r1,#sa_handler] mov r0,#SIGTTOU @invalidate other process signal ldr r1,iAdrstSigAction1 mov r2,#0 @ NULL mov r7,#SIGACTION @ call system svc #0 cmp r0,#0 bne 97f @ /* read terminal current state */ mov r0,#STDIN mov r1,#TCGETS ldr r2,iAdrstCurtio @ address current termio mov r7,#IOCTL @ call systeme svc #0 cmp r0,#0 @ error ? bne 97f mov r2,#ICANON | ECHO @ no key pressed echo on display mvn r2,r2 @ and one key ldr r1,iAdrstCurtio ldr r3,[r1,#term_c_lflag] and r3,r2 @ add flags str r3,[r1,#term_c_lflag] @ and store mov r0,#STDIN @ maj terminal current state mov r1,#TCSETS ldr r2,iAdrstCurtio mov r7, #IOCTL @ call system svc #0 cmp r0,#0 bne 97f @
2: @ loop waiting key
ldr r0,iAdriEnd @ if signal ctrl-c -> end
ldr r0,[r0]
cmp r0,#0
movne r5,#-1
bne 98f
ldr r0,iAdrstPoll1 @ address structure poll
mov r1,#STDIN
str r1,[r0,#poll_fd] @ maj FD
mov r1,#POLLIN @ action code
str r1,[r0,#poll_events]
mov r1,#1 @ items number structure poll
mov r2,#0 @ timeout = 0
mov r7,#SYSPOLL @ call system POLL
svc #0
cmp r0,#0 @ key pressed ?
ble 2b @ no key pressed -> loop
@ read key
mov r0,#STDIN @ File Descriptor
ldr r1,iAdriTouche @ buffer address
mov r2,#TAILLEBUFFER @ buffer size
mov r7,#READ @ read key
svc #0
cmp r0,#0 @ error ?
bgt 98f
97: @ error detected
ldr r1,iAdrszMessErreur @ error message bl displayError mov r5,#-1
98: @ end then restaur begin state terminal
mov r0,#STDIN mov r1,#TCSETS ldr r2,iAdrstOldtio mov r7,#IOCTL @ call system svc #0 cmp r0,#0 beq 99f @ restaur ok ldr r1,iAdrszMessErreur @ error message bl displayError mov r0,#-1 b 100f
99:
cmp r5,#0 @ error or control-c ldreq r2,iAdriTouche @ key address ldreqb r0,[r2,#2] @ return key byte movne r0,r5 @ or error
100:
pop {r1-r7, lr}
bx lr
iSIG_IGN: .int 1 iAdriEnd: .int iEnd iAdrstPoll1: .int stPoll1 iAdriTouche: .int iTouche iAdrstOldtio: .int stOldtio iAdrstCurtio: .int stCurtio iAdrstSigAction: .int stSigAction iAdrstSigAction1: .int stSigAction1 iAdrszMessErreur : .int szMessErreur /******************************************************************/ /* traitement du signal */ /******************************************************************/ sighandler:
push {r0,r1}
ldr r0,iAdriEnd
mov r1,#1 @ maj zone end
str r1,[r0]
pop {r0,r1}
bx lr
/***************************************************/ /* display error message */ /***************************************************/ /* r0 contains error code r1 : message address */ displayError:
push {r0-r2,lr} @ save registers
mov r2,r0 @ save error code
mov r0,r1
bl affichageMess
mov r0,r2 @ error code
ldr r1,iAdrsHexa
bl conversion16 @ conversion hexa
mov r0,r2 @ error code
ldr r1,iAdrsDeci @ result address
bl conversion10 @ conversion decimale
ldr r0,iAdrszMessErr @ display error message
bl affichageMess
100:
pop {r0-r2,lr} @ restaur registers
bx lr @ return
iAdrszMessErr: .int szMessErr iAdrsHexa: .int sHexa iAdrsDeci: .int sDeci /******************************************************************/ /* Converting a register to hexadecimal */ /******************************************************************/ /* r0 contains value and r1 address area */ conversion16:
push {r1-r4,lr} @ save registers
mov r2,#28 @ start bit position
mov r4,#0xF0000000 @ mask
mov r3,r0 @ save entry value
1: @ start loop
and r0,r3,r4 @value register and mask lsr r0,r2 @ move right cmp r0,#10 @ compare value addlt r0,#48 @ <10 ->digit addge r0,#55 @ >10 ->letter A-F strb r0,[r1],#1 @ store digit on area and + 1 in area address lsr r4,#4 @ shift mask 4 positions subs r2,#4 @ counter bits - 4 <= zero ? bge 1b @ no -> loop
100:
pop {r1-r4,lr} @ restaur registers
bx lr @return
</lang>
Astro
<lang python>type Puzzle(var items: {}, var position: -1)
fun mainframe(puz):
let d = puz.items
print('+-----+-----+-----+-----+')
print(d[1], d[2], d[3], d[4], first: '|', sep: '|', last: '|')
print('+-----+-----+-----+-----+')
print(d[5], d[6], d[7], d[8], first: '|', sep: '|', last: '|')
print('+-----+-----+-----+-----+')
print(d[9], d[10], d[11], d[12], first: '|', sep: '|', last: '|')
print('+-----+-----+-----+-----+')
print(d[13], d[14], d[15], d[16], first: '|', sep: '|', last: '|')
print('+-----+-----+-----+-----+')
fun format(puz, ch):
match ch.trim().length:
1 => ' $ch '
2 => ' $ch '
0 => ' '
fun change(puz, to):
let fro = puz.position
for a, b in puz.items where b == puz.format(str i):
to = a
break
swap(puz.items[fro], :[to]) puz.position = to;
fun buildboard(puz, difficulty):
for i in 1..16:
puz.items[i] = puz.format(str i)
var tmp = a
for a, b in puz.items where b == ' 16 ':
puz.items[a] = ' '
tmp = a
break
puz.position = tmp
let diff = match difficulty:
0 => 10
1 => 50
_ => 100
for i in 1..diff:
let lst = puz.validmoves()
let lst1 = []
for j in lst:
lst1.push! j.trim().int()
puz.change(lst1[random(1, lst1.length - 1)])
fun validmoves(puz):
match puz.position:
6 | 7 | 10 | 11 =>
puz.items[pos - 4], :[pos - 1], :[pos + 1], :[pos + 4]
5 | 9 =>
puz.items[pos - 4], :[pos + 4], :[pos + 1]
8 | 12 =>
puz.items[pos - 4], :[pos + 4], :[pos - 1]
2 | 3 =>
puz.items[pos - 1], :[pos + 1], :[pos + 4]
14 | 15 =>
puz.items[pos - 1], :[pos + 1], :[pos - 4]
1 =>
puz.items[pos + 1], :[pos + 4]
4 =>
puz.items[pos - 1], :[pos + 4]
13 =>
puz.items[pos + 1], :[pos - 4]
16 =>
puz.items[pos - 1], :[pos - 4]
fun mainframe(puz):
var flag = false
for a, b in puz.items:
if b == ' ':
pass
else:
flag = (a == b.trim().int())
..
return flag
let game = Puzzle() game.buildboard(
int(input('Enter the difficulty : 0 1 2\n2 => highest 0=> lowest\n'))
) game.mainframe()
print 'Enter 0 to exit'
loop:
print 'Hello user:\nTo change the position just enter the no. near it'
var lst = game.validmoves()
var lst1 = []
for i in lst:
lst1.push! i.trim().int()
print(i.strip(), '\t', last: )
print()
let value = int(input())
if value == 0:
break
elif x not in lst1:
print('Wrong move')
else:
game.change(x)
game.mainframe()
if g.gameover():
print 'You WON'
break
</lang>
AutoHotkey
<lang AutoHotkey>Size := 20 Grid := [], Deltas := ["-1,0","1,0","0,-1","0,1"], Width := Size * 2.5 Gui, font, S%Size% Gui, add, text, y1 loop, 4 { Row := A_Index loop, 4 { Col := A_Index Gui, add, button, % (Col=1 ? "xs y+1" : "x+1 yp") " v" Row "_" Col " w" Width " gButton -TabStop", % Grid[Row,Col] := Col + (Row-1)*4 ; 1-16 } } GuiControl, Hide, % Row "_" Col ; 4_4 Gui, add, Button, % "xs gShuffle w" 4 * Width + 3, Shuffle Gui, show,, 15 Puzzle return
- ------------------------------
GuiClose: ExitApp return
- ------------------------------
Shuffle: Shuffle := true loop, 1000 { Random, Rnd, 1,4 Move(StrSplit(Deltas[Rnd], ",").1, StrSplit(Deltas[Rnd], ",").2) } Shuffle := false return
- ------------------------------
Button: buttonRow := SubStr(A_GuiControl, 1, 1), ButtonCol := SubStr(A_GuiControl, 3, 1) if Abs(buttonRow-Row) > 1 || Abs(ButtonCol-Col) > 1 || Abs(buttonRow-Row) = Abs(ButtonCol-Col) return Move(buttonRow-Row, ButtonCol-Col) return
- ------------------------------
- IfWinActive, 15 Puzzle
- ------------------------------
Down:: Move(-1, 0) return
- ------------------------------
Up:: Move(1, 0) return
- ------------------------------
Right:: Move(0, -1) return
- ------------------------------
Left:: Move(0, 1) return
- ------------------------------
- IfWinActive
- ------------------------------
Move(deltaRow, deltaCol){ global if (Row+deltaRow=0) || (Row+deltaRow=5) || (Col+deltaCol=0) || (Col+deltaCol=5) return GuiControl, Hide, % Row+deltaRow "_" Col+deltaCol GuiControl, Show, % Row "_" Col GuiControl,, %Row%_%Col%, % Grid[Row+deltaRow, Col+deltaCol] Grid[Row, Col] := Grid[Row+deltaRow, Col+deltaCol] Grid[Row+=deltaRow, Col+=deltaCol] := 16 if Shuffle return gridCont := "" for m, obj in grid for n, val in obj gridCont .= val "," if (Trim(gridCont, ",") = "1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16") MsgBox, 262208, 15 Puzzle, You solved 15 Puzzle }</lang>
BASIC
Commodore BASIC
<lang basic>10 REM 15-PUZZLE GAME 20 REM COMMODORE BASIC 2.0 30 REM ******************************** 40 GOSUB 400 : REM INTRO AND LEVEL 50 GOSUB 510 : REM SETUP BOARD 60 GOSUB 210 : REM PRINT PUZZLE 70 PRINT "TO MOVE A PIECE, ENTER ITS NUMBER:" 80 INPUT X 90 GOSUB 760 : REM CHECK IF MOVE IS VALID 100 IF MV=0 THEN PRINT "WRONG MOVE" : GOSUB 1110 : GOTO 60 110 D(Z)=X : D(Y)=0 120 GOSUB 210 : REM PRINT PUZZLE 130 GOSUB 1010: REM CHECK IF PUZZLE COMPLETE 140 IF PC THEN 160 150 GOTO 70 160 PRINT"YOU WON!" 170 END 180 REM 190 REM ******************************* 200 REM PRINT/DRAW THE PUZZLE 210 FOR P=1 TO 16 220 IF D(P)=0 THEN D$(P)=" " : GOTO 260 230 S$=STR$(D(P)) 240 N=LEN(S$) 250 D$(P) = LEFT$(" ",3-N)+S$+" " 260 NEXT 270 PRINT "+-----+-----+-----+-----+" 280 PRINT "!"D$(1)"!"D$(2)"!"D$(3)"!"D$(4)"!" 290 PRINT "+-----+-----+-----+-----+" 300 PRINT "!"D$(5)"!"D$(6)"!"D$(7)"!"D$(8)"!" 310 PRINT "+-----+-----+-----+-----+" 320 PRINT "!"D$(9)"!"D$(10)"!"D$(11)"!"D$(12)"!" 330 PRINT "+-----+-----+-----+-----+" 340 PRINT "!"D$(13)"!"D$(14)"!"D$(15)"!"D$(16)"!" 350 PRINT "+-----+-----+-----+-----+" 360 RETURN 370 REM 380 REM ******************************* 390 REM INTRO AND LEVEL OF DIFFICULTY 400 PRINT CHR$(147) 410 DIM SH(3) : SH(1)=10 : SH(2)=50 : SH(3)=100 420 PRINT "15 PUZZLE GAME FOR COMMODORE BASIC 2.0" : PRINT : PRINT 430 PRINT "PLEASE ENTER LEVEL OF DIFFICULTY," 440 PRINT "1(EASY), 2(MEDIUM) OR 3(HARD):"; 450 INPUT V 460 IF V<1 OR V>3 THEN 440 470 RETURN 480 REM 490 REM ******************************* 500 REM BUILD THE BOARD 510 DIM D(16) : DIM D$(16) : REM BOARD PIECES 520 REM SET PIECES IN CORRECT ORDER FIRST 530 FOR P=1 TO 15 540 D(P) = P 550 NEXT 560 D(16) = 0 : REM 0 = EMPTY PIECE/SLOT 570 Z=16 : REM Z = EMPTY POSITION 580 PRINT: PRINT "SHUFFLING PIECES"; 590 FOR N=1 TO SH(V) 600 PRINT"."; 610 X = INT(RND(0)*4)+1 620 IF X=1 THEN R=Z-4 630 IF X=2 THEN R=Z+4 640 IF (X=3) AND (INT((Z-1)/4)<>(Z-1)/4) THEN R=Z-1 650 IF (X=4) AND (INT(Z/4)<>Z/4) THEN R=Z+1 660 IF R<1 OR R>16 THEN 610 670 D(Z)=D(R) 680 Z=R 690 D(Z)=0 700 NEXT 710 PRINT CHR$(147) 720 RETURN 730 REM 740 REM ******************************* 750 REM CHECK IF MOVE IS VALID 760 MV = 0 770 IF X<1 OR X>15 THEN RETURN 780 REM FIND POSITION OF PIECE X 790 P=1 800 IF D(P)=X THEN 840 810 P=P+1 820 IF P>16 THEN PRINT "UH OH!" : STOP 830 GOTO 800 840 Y=P 850 REM FIND POSITION OF EMPTY PIECE 860 P=1 870 IF D(P)=0 THEN 910 880 P=P+1 890 IF P>16 THEN PRINT "UH OH!" : STOP 900 GOTO 870 910 Z=P 920 REM CHECK IF EMPTY PIECE IS ABOVE, BELOW, LEFT OR RIGHT TO PIECE X 930 IF Y-4=Z THEN MV=1 : RETURN 940 IF Y+4=Z THEN MV=1 : RETURN 950 IF (Y-1=Z) AND (INT(Z/4)<>Z/4) THEN MV=1 : RETURN 960 IF (Y+1=Z) AND (INT(Y/4)<>Y/4) THEN MV=1 : RETURN 970 RETURN 980 REM 990 REM ******************************* 1000 REM CHECK IF PUZZLE IS COMPLETE / GAME OVER 1010 PC = 0 1020 P=1 1030 IF (P>=16) OR (D(P)<>P) THEN 1060 1040 P=P+1 1050 GOTO 1030 1060 IF P=16 THEN PC=1 1070 RETURN 1080 REM 1090 REM ****************************** 1100 REM A SMALL DELAY 1110 FOR T=0 TO 400 1120 NEXT 1130 RETURN</lang>
BBC BASIC
<lang bbcbasic> SIZE=4 : DIFFICULTY=3
MAX=SIZE * SIZE - 1
DIM Board(MAX)
FOR I%=1 TO MAX : Board(I% - 1)=I% : NEXT
Gap=MAX
WHILE N% < DIFFICULTY ^ 2 PROCSlide(RND(4)) : ENDWHILE : REM Shuffle
N%=0
@%=2 + LOG(MAX + 1)
PROCShowAndTest
WHILE NOT Solved
PRINT "Use arrow keys to move the gap around. Moves taken: ";N%
PROCSlide(GET - 135)
PROCShowAndTest
ENDWHILE
PRINT "Solved after ";N% LEFT$(" moves", 6 + (N% = 1)) "."
END
DEF PROCSlide(dir%)
NewGap=Gap
CASE dir% OF
WHEN 1 IF Gap MOD SIZE > 0 NewGap=Gap - 1 : N%+=1 : REM Left
WHEN 2 IF Gap MOD SIZE < SIZE - 1 NewGap=Gap + 1 : N%+=1 : REM Right
WHEN 3 IF Gap < MAX - SIZE + 1 NewGap=Gap + SIZE : N%+=1 : REM Down
WHEN 4 IF Gap > SIZE - 1 NewGap=Gap - SIZE : N%+=1 : REM Up
ENDCASE
SWAP Board(Gap), Board(NewGap)
Gap=NewGap
ENDPROC
DEF PROCShowAndTest
CLS
Solved=TRUE
FOR I%=0 TO MAX
COLOUR 12 : COLOUR 135
IF I% = Gap COLOUR 1 : COLOUR 129
IF I% MOD SIZE = SIZE - 1 PRINT Board(I%) ELSE PRINT Board(I%),;
IF Solved IF I% < MAX - 1 IF Board(I%) > Board(I% + 1) OR I% = Gap Solved=FALSE
NEXT
COLOUR 0 : COLOUR 143
PRINT
ENDPROC</lang>
C
C89, 22 lines version
The task, as you can see, can be resolved in 22 lines of no more than 80 characters. Of course, the source code in C is not very readable. The second example works exactly the same way, but it was written in much more human readable way. The program also works correctly for non-standard number of rows and/or columns. <lang C>/* RosettaCode: Fifteen puzle game, C89, plain vanillia TTY, MVC, § 22 */
- define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
- include <stdio.h>
- include <stdlib.h>
- include <time.h>
- define N 4
- define M 4
enum Move{UP,DOWN,LEFT,RIGHT};int hR;int hC;int cc[N][M];const int nS=100;int update(enum Move m){const int dx[]={0,0,-1,1};const int dy[]={-1,1,0,0};int i=hR +dy[m];int j=hC+dx[m];if(i>= 0&&i<N&&j>=0&&j<M){cc[hR][hC]=cc[i][j];cc[i][j]=0; hR=i;hC=j;return 1;}return 0;}void setup(void){int i,j,k;for(i=0;i<N;i++)for(j=0
- j<M;j++)cc[i][j]=i*M+j+1;cc[N-1][M-1]=0;hR=N-1;hC=M-1;k=0;while(k<nS)k+=update(
(enum Move)(rand()%4));}int isEnd(void){int i,j; int k=1;for(i=0;i<N;i++)for(j=0
- j<M;j++)if((k<N*M)&&(cc[i][j]!=k++))return 0;return 1;}void show(){int i,j;
putchar('\n');for(i=0;i<N;i++)for(j=0;j<M;j++){if(cc[i][j])printf(j!=M-1?" %2d "
- " %2d \n",cc[i][j]);else printf(j!=M-1?" %2s ":" %2s \n", "");}putchar('\n');}
void disp(char* s){printf("\n%s\n", s);}enum Move get(void){int c;for(;;){printf ("%s","enter u/d/l/r : ");c=getchar();while(getchar()!='\n');switch(c){case 27: exit(0);case'd':return UP;case'u':return DOWN;case'r':return LEFT;case'l':return RIGHT;}}}void pause(void){getchar();}int main(void){srand((unsigned)time(NULL)); do setup();while(isEnd());show();while(!isEnd()){update(get());show();}disp( "You win"); pause();return 0;}</lang>
C89, short version, TTY mode
<lang C>/*
* RosettaCode: Fifteen puzle game, C89, plain vanillia TTY, MVC */
- define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS /* unlocks printf etc. in MSVC */
- include <stdio.h>
- include <stdlib.h>
- include <time.h>
enum Move { MOVE_UP = 0, MOVE_DOWN = 1, MOVE_LEFT = 2, MOVE_RIGHT = 3 };
/* *****************************************************************************
* Model */
- define NROWS 4
- define NCOLLUMNS 4
int holeRow; int holeCollumn; int cells[NROWS][NCOLLUMNS]; const int nShuffles = 100;
int Game_update(enum Move move){
const int dx[] = { 0, 0, -1, +1 };
const int dy[] = { -1, +1, 0, 0 };
int i = holeRow + dy[move];
int j = holeCollumn + dx[move];
if ( i >= 0 && i < NROWS && j >= 0 && j < NCOLLUMNS ){
cells[holeRow][holeCollumn] = cells[i][j];
cells[i][j] = 0; holeRow = i; holeCollumn = j;
return 1;
}
return 0;
}
void Game_setup(void){
int i,j,k;
for ( i = 0; i < NROWS; i++ )
for ( j = 0; j < NCOLLUMNS; j++ )
cells[i][j] = i * NCOLLUMNS + j + 1;
cells[NROWS-1][NCOLLUMNS-1] = 0;
holeRow = NROWS - 1;
holeCollumn = NCOLLUMNS - 1;
k = 0;
while ( k < nShuffles )
k += Game_update((enum Move)(rand() % 4));
}
int Game_isFinished(void){
int i,j; int k = 1;
for ( i = 0; i < NROWS; i++ )
for ( j = 0; j < NCOLLUMNS; j++ )
if ( (k < NROWS*NCOLLUMNS) && (cells[i][j] != k++ ) )
return 0;
return 1;
}
/* *****************************************************************************
* View */
void View_showBoard(){
int i,j;
putchar('\n');
for ( i = 0; i < NROWS; i++ )
for ( j = 0; j < NCOLLUMNS; j++ ){
if ( cells[i][j] )
printf(j != NCOLLUMNS-1 ? " %2d " : " %2d \n", cells[i][j]);
else
printf(j != NCOLLUMNS-1 ? " %2s " : " %2s \n", "");
}
putchar('\n');
}
void View_displayMessage(char* text){
printf("\n%s\n", text);
}
/* *****************************************************************************
* Controller */
enum Move Controller_getMove(void){
int c;
for(;;){
printf("%s", "enter u/d/l/r : ");
c = getchar();
while( getchar() != '\n' )
;
switch ( c ){
case 27: exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
case 'd' : return MOVE_UP;
case 'u' : return MOVE_DOWN;
case 'r' : return MOVE_LEFT;
case 'l' : return MOVE_RIGHT;
}
}
}
void Controller_pause(void){
getchar();
}
int main(void){
srand((unsigned)time(NULL));
do Game_setup(); while ( Game_isFinished() );
View_showBoard();
while( !Game_isFinished() ){
Game_update( Controller_getMove() );
View_showBoard();
}
View_displayMessage("You win");
Controller_pause();
return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}
</lang>
- Output:
9 1 4 7 6 5 3 2 13 10 8 14 15 11 12 enter u/d/l/r : u 9 1 4 7 6 5 3 2 13 10 11 8 14 15 12 enter u/d/l/r : l 9 1 4 7 6 5 3 2 13 10 11 8 14 15 12 enter u/d/l/r : d 9 1 4 7 6 5 3 2 13 10 11 14 15 12 8 enter u/d/l/r :
C89, long version, TTY/Winapi/ncurses modes
<lang C>/**
* RosettaCode: Fifteen puzle game, C89, MS Windows Console API, MVC * * @version 0.2 (added TTY and ncurses modes) */
- define UNDEFINED_WIN32API_CONSOLE
- define UNDEFINED_NCURSES_CONSOLE
- if !defined (TTY_CONSOLE) && !defined(WIN32API_CONSOLE) && !defined(NCURSES_CONSOLE)
- define TTY_CONSOLE
- endif
- define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS /* enable printf etc. */
- define _CRT_NONSTDC_NO_DEPRECATE /* POSIX functions enabled */
- include <stdio.h>
- include <stdlib.h>
- include <string.h>
- include <time.h>
- if defined(NCURSES_CONSOLE)
- include "curses.h" /* see http://pdcurses.sourceforge.net/ */
- elif defined(WIN32API_CONSOLE)
- define NOGDI /* we don't need GDI */
- define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN /* we don't need OLE etc. */
- include <windows.h> /* MS Windows stuff */
- include <conio.h> /* kbhit() and getch() */
- endif
enum Move { MOVE_UP = 0, MOVE_DOWN = 1, MOVE_LEFT = 2, MOVE_RIGHT = 3 };
/* *****************************************************************************
* Model */
- define NROWS 4
- define NCOLLUMNS 4
int holeRow; int holeCollumn; int cells[NROWS][NCOLLUMNS]; const int nShuffles = 100;
int Game_update(enum Move move){
const int dx[] = { 0, 0, -1, +1 };
const int dy[] = { -1, +1, 0, 0 };
int i = holeRow + dy[move];
int j = holeCollumn + dx[move];
if ( i >= 0 && i < NROWS && j >= 0 && j < NCOLLUMNS ){
cells[holeRow][holeCollumn] = cells[i][j];
cells[i][j] = 0; holeRow = i; holeCollumn = j;
return 1;
}
return 0;
}
void Game_setup(void){
int i,j,k;
for ( i = 0; i < NROWS; i++ )
for ( j = 0; j < NCOLLUMNS; j++ )
cells[i][j] = i * NCOLLUMNS + j + 1;
cells[NROWS-1][NCOLLUMNS-1] = 0;
holeRow = NROWS - 1;
holeCollumn = NCOLLUMNS - 1;
k = 0;
while ( k < nShuffles )
k += Game_update((enum Move)(rand() % 4));
}
int Game_isFinished(void){
int i,j; int k = 1;
for ( i = 0; i < NROWS; i++ )
for ( j = 0; j < NCOLLUMNS; j++ )
if ( (k < NROWS*NCOLLUMNS) && (cells[i][j] != k++ ) )
return 0;
return 1;
}
/* *****************************************************************************
* View */
int fieldWidth;
- ifdef WIN32API_CONSOLE
HANDLE hConsole; CONSOLE_SCREEN_BUFFER_INFO csbi;
- endif
void View_setup_base(void) {
int i;
fieldWidth = 0;
for ( i = NROWS * NCOLLUMNS - 1; i > 0; i /= 10 )
fieldWidth++;
}
- if defined(TTY_CONSOLE)
void View_setup(void) {
View_setup_base();
}
void View_showBoard() {
int i,j;
putchar('\n');
for ( i = 0; i < NROWS; i++ )
for ( j = 0; j < NCOLLUMNS; j++ ){
if ( cells[i][j] )
printf(j != NCOLLUMNS-1 ? " %*d " : " %*d \n", fieldWidth, cells[i][j]);
else
printf(j != NCOLLUMNS-1 ? " %*s " : " %*s \n", fieldWidth, "");
}
putchar('\n');
}
void View_displayMessage(char* text) {
printf("\n%s\n", text);
}
- elif defined(NCURSES_CONSOLE)
void View_setup(void) {
View_setup_base(); initscr(); clear();
}
void View_showBoard() {
int i,j;
for ( i = 0; i < NROWS; i++ )
for ( j = 0; j < NCOLLUMNS; j++ ){
int x = (fieldWidth+1)*j;
int y = 2*i;
if ( cells[i][j] ){
attron(A_REVERSE);
mvprintw(y,x,"%*d", fieldWidth, cells[i][j]);
}else{
attroff(A_REVERSE);
mvprintw(y,x,"%*s", fieldWidth, " ");
}
}
attrset(A_NORMAL);
}
void View_displayMessage(char* text) {
mvprintw(2*NROWS,0, "%s", text);
}
- elif defined(WIN32API_CONSOLE)
void View_setup(void) {
const COORD coordHome = { 0, 0 };
CONSOLE_CURSOR_INFO cci;
DWORD size, nWritten;
View_setup_base();
hConsole = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
cci.bVisible = FALSE;
cci.dwSize = 1;
SetConsoleCursorInfo(hConsole,&cci);
GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo(hConsole,&(csbi));
size = csbi.dwSize.X*csbi.dwSize.Y;
FillConsoleOutputCharacter(hConsole,' ',size,coordHome,&nWritten);
FillConsoleOutputAttribute(hConsole,csbi.wAttributes,size,coordHome,&nWritten);
}
void View_showBoard() {
int i,j;
char labelString[32];
WORD attributes;
DWORD nWritten;
for ( i = 0; i < NROWS; i++ )
for ( j = 0; j < NCOLLUMNS; j++ ){
COORD coord = { ((SHORT)fieldWidth+1)*j, coord.Y = 2*i };
if ( cells[i][j] ){
sprintf(labelString,"%*d", fieldWidth, cells[i][j]);
attributes = BACKGROUND_BLUE | BACKGROUND_GREEN | BACKGROUND_RED;
}else{
sprintf(labelString,"%*s", fieldWidth, " ");
attributes = csbi.wAttributes;
}
WriteConsoleOutputCharacter(hConsole,labelString,fieldWidth,coord,&nWritten);
FillConsoleOutputAttribute (hConsole,attributes,fieldWidth,coord,&nWritten);
}
}
void View_displayMessage(char* text) {
DWORD nWritten;
COORD coord = { 0, 2 * NROWS };
WriteConsoleOutputCharacter(hConsole,text,strlen(text),coord,&nWritten);
}
- endif
/* *****************************************************************************
* Controller */
- if defined(TTY_CONSOLE)
void Controller_setup(void){ }
enum Move Controller_getMove(void){
int c;
for(;;){
printf("%s", "enter u/d/l/r : ");
c = getchar();
while( getchar() != '\n' )
;
switch ( c ){
case 27: exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
case 'd' : return MOVE_UP;
case 'u' : return MOVE_DOWN;
case 'r' : return MOVE_LEFT;
case 'l' : return MOVE_RIGHT;
}
}
}
void Controller_pause(void) {
getchar();
}
- elif defined(NCURSES_CONSOLE)
void Controller_setup(void){
noecho(); cbreak(); curs_set(0); keypad(stdscr,TRUE);
}
enum Move Controller_getMove(void){
for(;;){
switch ( wgetch(stdscr) ){
case 27: exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
case KEY_DOWN : return MOVE_UP;
case KEY_UP : return MOVE_DOWN;
case KEY_RIGHT : return MOVE_LEFT;
case KEY_LEFT : return MOVE_RIGHT;
case ERR: /* NOP */;
}
}
}
void Controller_pause(void){
while ( wgetch(stdscr) == ERR )
;
}
- elif defined(WIN32API_CONSOLE)
void Controller_setup(void){ }
enum Move Controller_getMove(void){
for(;;){
switch ( getch() ){
case 27: exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
case 0:
case 224: switch ( getch() ){
case 80 : return MOVE_UP;
case 72 : return MOVE_DOWN;
case 77 : return MOVE_LEFT;
case 75 : return MOVE_RIGHT;
}
}
}
}
void Controller_pause(void){
while( kbhit() ) getch(); while( !kbhit() ) ; while( kbhit() ) getch();
}
- endif
/* *****************************************************************************
* Main function: create model, view and controller. Run main loop. */
int main(void) {
srand((unsigned)time(NULL));
do Game_setup(); while ( Game_isFinished() ); View_setup(); Controller_setup();
View_showBoard();
while( !Game_isFinished() ){
Game_update( Controller_getMove() );
View_showBoard();
}
View_displayMessage("You win");
Controller_pause();
return EXIT_SUCCESS;
} </lang>
C#
<lang csharp>using System; using System.Drawing; using System.Linq; using System.Windows.Forms;
public class FifteenPuzzle {
const int gridSize = 4; //Standard 15 puzzle is 4x4
const bool evenSized = gridSize % 2 == 0;
const int blockCount = gridSize * gridSize;
const int last = blockCount - 1;
const int buttonSize = 50;
const int buttonMargin = 3; //default = 3
const int formEdge = 9;
static readonly Random rnd = new Random();
static readonly Font buttonFont = new Font("Arial", 15.75F, FontStyle.Regular, GraphicsUnit.Point, ((byte)(0)));
readonly Button[] buttons = new Button[blockCount];
readonly int[] grid = new int[blockCount];
readonly int[] positionOf = new int[blockCount];
int moves = 0;
DateTime start;
public static void Main(string[] args)
{
FifteenPuzzle p = new FifteenPuzzle();
Form f = p.BuildForm();
Application.Run(f);
}
public FifteenPuzzle()
{
for (int i = 0; i < blockCount; i++) {
grid[i] = i;
positionOf[i] = i;
}
}
Form BuildForm()
{
Button startButton = new Button {
Font = new Font("Arial", 9.75F, FontStyle.Regular, GraphicsUnit.Point, ((byte)(0))),
Size = new Size(86, 23),
Location = new Point(formEdge,
(buttonSize + buttonMargin * 2) * gridSize + buttonMargin + formEdge),
Text = "New Game",
UseVisualStyleBackColor = true
};
startButton.Click += (sender, e) => Shuffle();
int size = buttonSize * gridSize + buttonMargin * gridSize * 2 + formEdge * 2;
Form form = new Form {
Text = "Fifteen",
ClientSize = new Size(width: size, height: size + buttonMargin * 2 + startButton.Height)
};
form.SuspendLayout();
for (int index = 0; index < blockCount; index++) {
Button button = new Button {
Font = buttonFont,
Size = new Size(buttonSize, buttonSize),
//Margin = new Padding(buttonMargin),
Text = (index + 1).ToString(),
UseVisualStyleBackColor = true
};
SetLocation(button, index);
form.Controls.Add(button);
buttons[index] = button;
int i = index;
button.Click += (sender, e) => ButtonClick(i);
}
form.Controls.Add(startButton);
form.ResumeLayout();
return form;
}
void ButtonClick(int i)
{
if (buttons[last].Visible) return;
int target = positionOf[i];
if (positionOf[i] / gridSize == positionOf[last] / gridSize) {
while (positionOf[last] < target) {
Swap(last, grid[positionOf[last] + 1]);
moves++;
}
while (positionOf[last] > target) {
Swap(last, grid[positionOf[last] - 1]);
moves++;
}
} else if (positionOf[i] % gridSize == positionOf[last] % gridSize) {
while (positionOf[last] < target) {
Swap(last, grid[positionOf[last] + gridSize]);
moves++;
}
while (positionOf[last] > target) {
Swap(last, grid[positionOf[last] - gridSize]);
moves++;
}
}
if (Solved()) {
TimeSpan elapsed = DateTime.Now - start;
elapsed = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(Math.Round(elapsed.TotalSeconds, 0));
buttons[last].Visible = true;
MessageBox.Show($"Solved in {moves} moves. Time: {elapsed}");
}
}
bool Solved() => Enumerable.Range(0, blockCount - 1).All(i => positionOf[i] == i);
static void SetLocation(Button button, int index)
{
int row = index / gridSize, column = index % gridSize;
button.Location = new Point(
(buttonSize + buttonMargin * 2) * column + buttonMargin + formEdge,
(buttonSize + buttonMargin * 2) * row + buttonMargin + formEdge);
}
void Shuffle()
{
for (int i = 0; i < blockCount; i++) {
int r = rnd.Next(i, blockCount);
int g = grid[r];
grid[r] = grid[i];
grid[i] = g;
}
for (int i = 0; i < blockCount; i++) {
positionOf[grid[i]] = i;
SetLocation(buttons[grid[i]], i);
}
if (!Solvable()) Swap(0, 1); //Swap any 2 blocks
buttons[last].Visible = false;
moves = 0;
start = DateTime.Now;
}
bool Solvable()
{
bool parity = true;
for (int i = 0; i < blockCount - 2; i++) {
for (int j = i + 1; j < blockCount - 1; j++) {
if (positionOf[j] < positionOf[i]) parity = !parity;
}
}
if (evenSized && positionOf[last] / gridSize % 2 == 0) parity = !parity;
return parity;
}
void Swap(int a, int b)
{
Point location = buttons[a].Location;
buttons[a].Location = buttons[b].Location;
buttons[b].Location = location;
int p = positionOf[a];
positionOf[a] = positionOf[b];
positionOf[b] = p;
grid[positionOf[a]] = a;
grid[positionOf[b]] = b;
}
}</lang>
C++
<lang cpp>
- include <time.h>
- include <stdlib.h>
- include <vector>
- include <string>
- include <iostream>
class p15 { public :
void play() {
bool p = true;
std::string a;
while( p ) {
createBrd();
while( !isDone() ) { drawBrd();getMove(); }
drawBrd();
std::cout << "\n\nCongratulations!\nPlay again (Y/N)?";
std::cin >> a; if( a != "Y" && a != "y" ) break;
}
}
private:
void createBrd() {
int i = 1; std::vector<int> v;
for( ; i < 16; i++ ) { brd[i - 1] = i; }
brd[15] = 0; x = y = 3;
for( i = 0; i < 1000; i++ ) {
getCandidates( v );
move( v[rand() % v.size()] );
v.clear();
}
}
void move( int d ) {
int t = x + y * 4;
switch( d ) {
case 1: y--; break;
case 2: x++; break;
case 4: y++; break;
case 8: x--;
}
brd[t] = brd[x + y * 4];
brd[x + y * 4] = 0;
}
void getCandidates( std::vector<int>& v ) {
if( x < 3 ) v.push_back( 2 ); if( x > 0 ) v.push_back( 8 );
if( y < 3 ) v.push_back( 4 ); if( y > 0 ) v.push_back( 1 );
}
void drawBrd() {
int r; std::cout << "\n\n";
for( int y = 0; y < 4; y++ ) {
std::cout << "+----+----+----+----+\n";
for( int x = 0; x < 4; x++ ) {
r = brd[x + y * 4];
std::cout << "| ";
if( r < 10 ) std::cout << " ";
if( !r ) std::cout << " ";
else std::cout << r << " ";
}
std::cout << "|\n";
}
std::cout << "+----+----+----+----+\n";
}
void getMove() {
std::vector<int> v; getCandidates( v );
std::vector<int> p; getTiles( p, v ); unsigned int i;
while( true ) {
std::cout << "\nPossible moves: ";
for( i = 0; i < p.size(); i++ ) std::cout << p[i] << " ";
int z; std::cin >> z;
for( i = 0; i < p.size(); i++ )
if( z == p[i] ) { move( v[i] ); return; }
}
}
void getTiles( std::vector<int>& p, std::vector<int>& v ) {
for( unsigned int t = 0; t < v.size(); t++ ) {
int xx = x, yy = y;
switch( v[t] ) {
case 1: yy--; break;
case 2: xx++; break;
case 4: yy++; break;
case 8: xx--;
}
p.push_back( brd[xx + yy * 4] );
}
}
bool isDone() {
for( int i = 0; i < 15; i++ ) {
if( brd[i] != i + 1 ) return false;
}
return true;
}
int brd[16], x, y;
}; int main( int argc, char* argv[] ) {
srand( ( unsigned )time( 0 ) ); p15 p; p.play(); return 0;
} </lang>
+----+----+----+----+ | 11 | 5 | 12 | 3 | +----+----+----+----+ | 10 | 7 | 6 | 4 | +----+----+----+----+ | 13 | | 2 | 1 | +----+----+----+----+ | 15 | 14 | 8 | 9 | +----+----+----+----+ Possible moves: 2 13 14 7
COBOL
Tested with GnuCOBOL
<lang cobol> >>SOURCE FORMAT FREE
- > This code is dedicated to the public domain
- > This is GNUCOBOL 2.0
identification division. program-id. fifteen. environment division. configuration section. repository. function all intrinsic. data division. working-storage section.
01 r pic 9. 01 r-empty pic 9. 01 r-to pic 9. 01 r-from pic 9.
01 c pic 9. 01 c-empty pic 9. 01 c-to pic 9. 01 c-from pic 9.
01 display-table.
03 display-row occurs 4.
05 display-cell occurs 4 pic 99.
01 tile-number pic 99. 01 tile-flags pic x(16).
01 display-move value spaces.
03 tile-id pic 99.
01 row-separator pic x(21) value all '.'. 01 column-separator pic x(3) value ' . '.
01 inversions pic 99. 01 current-tile pic 99.
01 winning-display pic x(32) value
'01020304' & '05060708' & '09101112' & '13141500'.
procedure division. start-fifteen.
display 'start fifteen puzzle' display ' enter a two-digit tile number and press <enter> to move' display ' press <enter> only to exit'
*> tables with an odd number of inversions are not solvable
perform initialize-table with test after until inversions = 0
perform show-table
accept display-move
perform until display-move = spaces
perform move-tile
perform show-table
move spaces to display-move
accept display-move
end-perform
stop run
.
initialize-table.
compute tile-number = random(seconds-past-midnight) *> seed only
move spaces to tile-flags
move 0 to current-tile inversions
perform varying r from 1 by 1 until r > 4
after c from 1 by 1 until c > 4
perform with test after
until tile-flags(tile-number + 1:1) = space
compute tile-number = random() * 100
compute tile-number = mod(tile-number, 16)
end-perform
move 'x' to tile-flags(tile-number + 1:1)
if tile-number > 0 and < current-tile
add 1 to inversions
end-if
move tile-number to display-cell(r,c) current-tile
end-perform
compute inversions = mod(inversions,2)
.
show-table.
if display-table = winning-display
display 'winning'
end-if
display space row-separator
perform varying r from 1 by 1 until r > 4
perform varying c from 1 by 1 until c > 4
display column-separator with no advancing
if display-cell(r,c) = 00
display ' ' with no advancing
move r to r-empty
move c to c-empty
else
display display-cell(r,c) with no advancing
end-if
end-perform
display column-separator
end-perform
display space row-separator
.
move-tile.
if not (tile-id numeric and tile-id >= 01 and <= 15)
display 'invalid tile number'
exit paragraph
end-if
*> find the entered tile-id row and column (r,c)
perform varying r from 1 by 1 until r > 4
after c from 1 by 1 until c > 4
if display-cell(r,c) = tile-id
exit perform
end-if
end-perform
*> show-table filled (r-empty,c-empty)
evaluate true
when r = r-empty
if c-empty < c
*> shift left
perform varying c-to from c-empty by 1 until c-to > c
compute c-from = c-to + 1
move display-cell(r-empty,c-from) to display-cell(r-empty,c-to)
end-perform
else
*> shift right
perform varying c-to from c-empty by -1 until c-to < c
compute c-from = c-to - 1
move display-cell(r-empty,c-from) to display-cell(r-empty,c-to)
end-perform
end-if
move 00 to display-cell(r,c)
when c = c-empty
if r-empty < r
*>shift up
perform varying r-to from r-empty by 1 until r-to > r
compute r-from = r-to + 1
move display-cell(r-from,c-empty) to display-cell(r-to,c-empty)
end-perform
else
*> shift down
perform varying r-to from r-empty by -1 until r-to < r
compute r-from = r-to - 1
move display-cell(r-from,c-empty) to display-cell(r-to,c-empty)
end-perform
end-if
move 00 to display-cell(r,c)
when other
display 'invalid move'
end-evaluate
.
end program fifteen.</lang>
- Output:
prompt$ cobc -xj fifteen.cbl
start fifteen puzzle
enter a two-digit tile number and press <enter> to move
press <enter> only to exit
.....................
. 05 . 14 . 08 . 12 .
. 01 . 10 . 03 . 09 .
. 02 . 15 . 13 . 11 .
. 06 . . 07 . 04 .
.....................
Common Lisp
Credit to this post for help with the inversions-counting function: [1]
Run it (after loading the file) with <lang lisp>|15|::main</lang>.
<lang lisp>(defpackage :15
(:use :common-lisp))
(in-package :15)
(defvar +side+ 4) (defvar +max+ (1- (* +side+ +side+))) ; 15
(defun make-board ()
(make-array (list +side+ +side+)
:initial-contents
(loop :for i :below +side+ :collecting
(loop :for j :below +side+ :collecting
(mod (1+ (+ j (* i +side+))) (1+ +max+))))))
(defvar *board* (make-board))
(defun shuffle-board (board)
(loop for i from (array-total-size board) downto 2
do (rotatef (row-major-aref board (random i))
(row-major-aref board (1- i))))
board)
(defun pb (stream object &rest args)
(declare (ignorable args))
(loop for i below (car (array-dimensions object)) do
(loop for j below (cadr (array-dimensions object)) do
(let ((cell (aref object i j)))
(format stream "(~[ ~:;~:*~2d~])" cell)))
(format stream "~%")))
(defun sortedp (board)
(declare (ignorable board))
(loop for i upto +max+
when (eq (row-major-aref board i) (mod (1+ i) 16)) do
(return-from sortedp nil))
t)
(defun inversions (lst)
(if (or (null lst) (null (cdr lst)))
0
(let* ((half (ceiling (/ (length lst) 2)))
(left-list (subseq lst 0 half))
(right-list (subseq lst half)))
(+ (loop for a in left-list
summing (loop for b in right-list
counting (not (< a b))))
(inversions left-list)
(inversions right-list)))))
(defun solvablep (board)
(let ((inv (inversions (loop for i upto +max+ collecting
(row-major-aref board i))))
(row (- +side+ (first (board-position board 0)))))
(or (and (oddp +side+)
(evenp inv))
(and (evenp +side+)
(evenp row)
(oddp inv))
(and (evenp +side+)
(oddp row)
(evenp inv)))))
(defun board-position (board dig)
(loop for i below (car (array-dimensions board)) do
(loop for j below (cadr (array-dimensions board))
when (eq dig (aref board i j)) do
(return-from board-position (list i j)))))
(defun in-bounds (y x)
(and (< -1 y +side+)
(< -1 x +side+)))
(defun get-adjacents (board pos)
(let ((adjacents ()) (y (first pos)) (x (second pos)))
(if (in-bounds y (1+ x))
(push (aref board y (1+ x)) adjacents))
(if (in-bounds (1+ y) x)
(push (aref board (1+ y) x) adjacents))
(if (in-bounds y (1- x))
(push (aref board y (1- x)) adjacents))
(if (in-bounds (1- y) x)
(push (aref board (1- y) x) adjacents))
adjacents))
(defun main (&rest argv)
(declare (ignorable argv))
(setf *random-state* (make-random-state t))
(loop until (solvablep *board*) do
(shuffle-board *board*))
(loop until (sortedp *board*) do
(format t "~/15:pb/~%" *board*)
(format t "Which number do you want to swap the blank with?~%> ")
(let* ((in (read))
(zpos (board-position *board* 0))
(pos (board-position *board* in))
(adj (get-adjacents *board* zpos)))
(if (find in adj)
(rotatef (aref *board* (first pos) (second pos))
(aref *board* (first zpos) (second zpos))))))
(format t "You win!~%"))</lang>
EasyLang
<lang>len f[] 16 subr initvars
time0# = time done = 0
. func draw . .
color 432
move 0 0
rect 100 100
for i range 16
h = f[i]
if h < 16
x = i mod 4 * 24 + 3
y = i / 4 * 24 + 3
color 210
move x y
rect 22 22
move x + 4 y + 5
if h < 10
move x + 6 y + 5
.
color 885
text h
.
.
. func init . .
call initvars
for i range 16
f[i] = i + 1
.
# shuffle
for i = 14 downto 1
r = random (i + 1)
swap f[r] f[i]
.
# make it solvable
inv = 0
for i range 15
for j range i
if f[j] > f[i]
inv += 1
.
.
.
if inv mod 2 <> 0
swap f[0] f[1]
.
textsize 12
call draw
. func move_tile . .
c = floor (mouse_x / 25)
r = floor (mouse_y / 25)
i = r * 4 + c
if c > 0 and f[i - 1] = 16
swap f[i] f[i - 1]
elif r > 0 and f[i - 4] = 16
swap f[i] f[i - 4]
elif r < 3 and f[i + 4] = 16
swap f[i] f[i + 4]
elif c < 3 and f[i + 1] = 16
swap f[i] f[i + 1]
.
call draw
done = 1
for i range 15
if f[i] > f[i + 1]
done = 0
.
.
if done = 1
color 432
move 0 0
rect 100 50
textsize 10
color 885
move 5 10
text "Well done!"
move 5 25
text "Time: " & floor (time - time0# + 0.5)
.
. on mouse_down
if done = 1 call init else call move_tile .
. call init</lang>
Forth
Modified to use ANSI escape sequences and Vim's h/j/k/l for input. Caps lock isn't interfering in this version. Also added q for quit.
<lang forth>\ in Forth, you do many things on your own. This word is used to define 2D arrays
- 2D-ARRAY ( height width )
CREATE DUP , * CELLS ALLOT DOES> ( y x baseaddress ) ROT ( x baseaddress y ) OVER @ ( x baseaddress y width ) * ( x baseaddress y*width ) ROT ( baseaddress y*width x ) + 1+ CELLS +
require random.fs
HERE SEED !
0 CONSTANT MOVE-UP 1 CONSTANT MOVE-DOWN 2 CONSTANT MOVE-LEFT 3 CONSTANT MOVE-RIGHT
4 CONSTANT NROWS 4 CONSTANT NCOLS NROWS NCOLS * CONSTANT BOARDSIZE
NROWS 1- CONSTANT Y-MAX NCOLS 1- CONSTANT X-MAX
1000 CONSTANT NSHUFFLES
CREATE HOLE-X CELL ALLOT CREATE HOLE-Y CELL ALLOT NROWS NCOLS 2D-ARRAY BOARD
- DIE-MOVECONST ." Unknown move constant:" . BYE ;
- ESC #ESC EMIT ;
- CLS
ESC ." [2J" ESC ." [H"
- NEW-HOLE-POS ( move -- new-y new-x )
CASE MOVE-UP OF HOLE-Y @ 1- HOLE-X @ ENDOF MOVE-DOWN OF HOLE-Y @ 1+ HOLE-X @ ENDOF MOVE-LEFT OF HOLE-Y @ HOLE-X @ 1- ENDOF MOVE-RIGHT OF HOLE-Y @ HOLE-X @ 1+ ENDOF DIE-MOVECONST ENDCASE
- MOVE-VALID? ( move -- valid? )
CASE MOVE-UP OF HOLE-Y @ 0> ENDOF MOVE-DOWN OF HOLE-Y @ Y-MAX < ENDOF MOVE-LEFT OF HOLE-X @ 0> ENDOF MOVE-RIGHT OF HOLE-X @ X-MAX < ENDOF DIE-MOVECONST ENDCASE
- GAME-UPDATE ( move -- success? )
DUP MOVE-VALID? INVERT IF DROP FALSE EXIT THEN NEW-HOLE-POS ( new-y new-x ) 2DUP BOARD @ HOLE-Y @ HOLE-X @ BOARD ! 2DUP BOARD 0 SWAP ! HOLE-X ! HOLE-Y ! TRUE
- INIT-DESIRED-NUM ( y x -- num )
SWAP NROWS * + 1+ DUP BOARDSIZE = IF DROP 0 THEN
- RESET-BOARD ( -- )
NROWS 0 ?DO NCOLS 0 ?DO J I INIT-DESIRED-NUM J I BOARD ! LOOP LOOP
- GAME-SETUP ( -- )
RESET-BOARD Y-MAX HOLE-Y ! X-MAX HOLE-X ! NSHUFFLES 0 ?DO BEGIN 4 RANDOM GAME-UPDATE UNTIL LOOP
- GAME-FINISHED? ( -- finished? )
0 NROWS 0 ?DO NCOLS 0 ?DO J I INIT-DESIRED-NUM J I BOARD @ = IF 1+ THEN LOOP LOOP BOARDSIZE =
- SHOW-BOARD ( -- )
CLS CR NROWS 0 ?DO NCOLS 0 ?DO J I BOARD @ DUP 0<> IF SPACE 2 U.R SPACE ELSE DROP 4 SPACES THEN LOOP CR LOOP CR
- GET-MOVE ( -- move )
BEGIN KEY CASE #EOF OF BYE ENDOF #ESC OF BYE ENDOF [CHAR] q OF BYE ENDOF [CHAR] Q OF BYE ENDOF [CHAR] k OF MOVE-UP TRUE ENDOF [CHAR] K OF MOVE-UP TRUE ENDOF [CHAR] j OF MOVE-DOWN TRUE ENDOF [CHAR] J OF MOVE-DOWN TRUE ENDOF [CHAR] h OF MOVE-LEFT TRUE ENDOF [CHAR] H OF MOVE-LEFT TRUE ENDOF [CHAR] l OF MOVE-RIGHT TRUE ENDOF [CHAR] L OF MOVE-RIGHT TRUE ENDOF FALSE SWAP ENDCASE UNTIL
- PLAY ( -- )
GAME-SETUP SHOW-BOARD BEGIN GAME-FINISHED? INVERT WHILE GET-MOVE GAME-UPDATE SHOW-BOARD REPEAT ." You win!" CR
PLAY BYE</lang>
Fortran
The initial version had me so enamoured by the notion of consecutive cells for the solution having the number of their index as their value (as in CELL(0) = 0 (the blank square), CELL(1) = 1, ... CELL(15) = 15) and the prospect of the check for this being simple, that I failed to perceive that the nice big diagram of the board shown at the head of the article in fact clearly shows the solution state having the blank cell at the end, not the start. Once again it is demonstrated that what you see is ... influenced ... by what you would like to see. After that diversion, the cells shall now be numbered one to sixteen, not zero to fifteen, and so there is no need for the ability introduced by F90 whereby arrays can have a lower bound other than one.
The plan is to use parameters for the board size, which need not be square. As often with Fortran, messing with arrays is the key, though not without opportunities for confusion. Because Fortran stores arrays in column-major order, the arrays are accessed as BOARD(column,row) even though the arrangement is treated as rows down the page and columns across as is usual. By this means, consecutive elements in storage of array BOARD(c,r) are such that the same storage accessed via array BORED(i) thanks to EQUIVALENCE(BOARD,BORED) indexes them as consecutive elements, and so the test that the values are in consecutive order becomes delightfully simple, though alas there is no equivalent of the iota function of APL whereby the test could be ALL(BORED(1:N - 1) .EQ. IOTA(N - 1))
Column-major ordering also applies to array WAY, which lists the offsets needed to locate squares deemed adjacent to a given location, such as that of the blank square, located by LOCI = LOCZ + WAY(i). Adjacent LOCI are checked for being in range, and if so, added to the list in array LOCM with the moveable piece identified in array MOVE.
It transpires that the F90 compiler will not allow a PARAMETER statement to define values for items appearing in an EQUIVALENCE statement; so much for an attempt to do so in a systematic manner employing related names.
The game plan is to start with an ordered array so that each cell definitely has a unique code, then jumble them via "random" swaps. Possible arrangements turn out to have either odd or even parity based on the number of out-of-sequence squares, and as the allowed transformations do not change the parity and the solution state has even parity, odd parity starting states should not be presented except by those following Franz Kafka. The calculation is simplified by always having the blank square in the last position, thus in the last row. Once an even-parity starting state is floundered upon, the blank square is re-positioned using allowable moves so that the parity is not altered thereby. Then the game begins: single-square moves only are considered, though in practice groups of squares could be moved horizontally or vertically rather than one-step-at-a-time - a possible extension.
The source style uses F90 for its array arithmetic abilities, especially the functions ALL, ANY and COUNT. A statement <lang Fortran>LOCZ = MINLOC(BOARD) !Find the zero. 0 = BOARD(LOCZ(1),LOCZ(2)) == BOARD(ZC,ZR)</lang> could be used but is unnecessary thanks to tricks with EQUIVALENCE. For earlier Fortran, various explicit DO-loops would have to be used. This would at least make clear whether or not the equivalents of ANY and ALL terminated on the first failure or doggedly scanned the entire array no matter what. <lang Fortran> SUBROUTINE SWAP(I,J) !Alas, furrytran does not provide this.
INTEGER I,J,T !So, we're stuck with supplying the obvious.
T = I !And, only for one type at a go.
I = J !One could define a MODULE containing a collection
J = T !And thence a "generic" routine,
END SUBROUTINE SWAP !But this will do for now.
SUBROUTINE SHOW(NR,NC,BOARD) !The layout won't work for NC > 99...
INTEGER NR,NC !Number of rows and columns.
INTEGER BOARD(NC,NR) !The board is stored transposed!
INTEGER I !A stepper.
COMMON/IODEV/ MSG !I talk to the trees...
WRITE (MSG,1) (I,I = 1,NC) !Prepare a heading.
1 FORMAT ("Row|",9("__",I1,:),90("_",I2,:)) !This should suffice.
DO I = 1,NR !Chug down the rows.
WRITE (MSG,2) I,BOARD(1:NC,I) !The columns of the row. Usage is BOARD(column,row).
2 FORMAT (I3,"|",99I3) !Could use parameters, but enough.
END DO !On to the next row.
END SUBROUTINE SHOW !That was nice.
PROGRAM PUZZLE
INTEGER LOCN(2),NR,NC,N !Describes the shape of the board.
INTEGER LOCZ(2),ZC,ZR !Fingers the location of the "blank" square.
INTEGER LOCI(2),IC,IR !Fingers a location.
Can't EQUIVALENCE (LOCN(1),NC),(LOCN(2),NR) !This usage and a PARAMETER statement is too scary.
EQUIVALENCE (LOCZ(1),ZC),(LOCZ(2),ZR) !Annotate my (column,row) usage.
EQUIVALENCE (LOCI(1),IC),(LOCI(2),IR) !Rather than the displayed (row,column) style.
PARAMETER (NR = 4, NC = 4, N = NR*NC) !Determine the shape of the board.
INTEGER BOARD(NC,NR) !Thus transpose furrytran's column-major usage. Beware!!!
INTEGER BORED(N) !This allows for consecutive comparisons.
EQUIVALENCE (BOARD,BORED) !Because the arrays are in the same place.
INTEGER WAYS !Now define adjacency.
PARAMETER (WAYS = 4) !Just orthogonal neghbours.
INTEGER WAY(2,WAYS) !Now list the allowed adjacencies.
PARAMETER (WAY = (/1,0, 0,1, -1,0, 0,-1/)) !W(1,1), W(2,1), W(1,2), W(2,2), W(1,3), ...
INTEGER M,MOVE(WAYS),LOCM(2,WAYS) !Move possibilities.
INTEGER SPACE !Document the empty square's code number.
PARAMETER (SPACE = 0) !Zero will do.
INTEGER I,IT,PARITY,TRY !Odds and ends.
REAL VALUE !Humph. Yet another interface to a "random" number generator.
COMMON/IODEV/ MSG,KBD !Pass the word.
KBD = 5 !Standard input. (Keyboard -> Display screen)
MSG = 6 !Standard output. (Display screen)
WRITE (MSG,1) NR,NC !Announce.
1 FORMAT ("To play 'slide-square' with ",I0," rows and ",
1 I0," columns.",/,"The game is to slide a square into the space",/
2 "(thus leaving a space behind) until you attain"/
3 "the nice orderly layout as follows:",/)
Concoct a board layout.
10 FOR ALL (I = 1:N - 1) BORED(I) = I !Prepare the board. Definitely unique values.
BORED(N) = SPACE !The empty square is not at the start! Oh well.
CALL SHOW(NR,NC,BOARD) !Reveal the nice layout.
11 DO I = 1,N - 1 !Now shuffle the squares a bit.
CALL RANDOM(VALUE) !0 <= VALUE < 1.
IT = VALUE*(N - 1) + 1 !1 <= IT < N. Don't round up!
IF (I.NE.IT) CALL SWAP(BORED(I),BORED(IT)) !Whee!
END DO !On to the next victim, leaving the last cell alone.
Calculate the parity, knowing the space is at the end. The target state has even parity, with zero inversions.
PARITY = 0 !There are two classes of arrangements, that can't mix.
DO I = 1,N - 2 !Skipping the blank cell still at BORED(N).
PARITY = PARITY + COUNT(BORED(I) > BORED(I + 1:N - 1)) !For each square,
END DO !Count the inversions following.
IF (MOD(PARITY,2).NE.0) GO TO 11 !No transition can change the parity, so, try for another arrangement.
Choose a new position for the space. Using approved moves will not change the parity.
CALL RANDOM(VALUE) !0 <= VALUE < 1.
ZC = VALUE*(NC - 2) + 1 !1 <= ZC < NC: Choose a random column other than the last.
BOARD(ZC + 1:NC,NR) = BOARD(ZC:NC - 1,NR) !Shift the end of the last row back one place.
BOARD(ZC,NR) = SPACE !Put the space in the hole.
CALL RANDOM(VALUE) !So the parity doesn't change.
ZR = VALUE*(NR - 2) + 1 !1 <= ZR < NR: Choose a random row, other than the last.
BOARD(ZC,ZR + 1:NR) = BOARD(ZC,ZR:NR - 1) !Shift the end of column ZC up one.
BOARD(ZC,ZR) = SPACE !Revive the space again.
Cast forth the starting position.
WRITE (MSG,12) !Announce the result.
12 FORMAT (/,"But, your board looks like this...") !Alas. Almost certainly not in order.
CALL SHOW(NR,NC,BOARD) !Just so.
TRY = 0 !No moves made yet.
Consider possible moves.
20 TRY = TRY + 1 !Here we go again.
M = 0 !No moveable pieces are known.
DO I = 1,WAYS !So scan the possible ways away from LOCZ.
LOCI = LOCZ + WAY(1:2,I) !Finger an adjacent location, via the adjacency offsets in array WAY.
IF (ALL(LOCI > 0) .AND. ALL(LOCI <= (/NC,NR/))) THEN !Within bounds?
M = M + 1 !Yes. We have a candidate.
MOVE(M) = BOARD(IC,IR) !Record the piece's name.
LOCM(:,M) = LOCI !And, remember where it is...
END IF !So much for that location.
END DO !Try another offset.
21 WRITE (MSG,22,ADVANCE="no") MOVE(1:M) !Two-stage output.
22 FORMAT ("Moveable pieces: ",<WAYS>(I0:",")) !Since M is not necessarily WAYS, a trailing $ may not be reached..
WRITE (MSG,23) !Now for the question. Always at least two moveable squares.
23 FORMAT(". Choose one: ",$) !Continue the line, presuming screen and keyboard->screen.
READ (KBD,*) IT !Now request the answer. Rather doggedly: blank lines won't do.
DO I = M,1,-1 !There are at least two possible moves.
IF (MOVE(I) .EQ. IT) EXIT !Perhaps this piece was selected.
END DO !The INDEX function is alas, only for CHARACTER variables. Grr.
IF (I .LE. 0) THEN !I'm suspicious.
WRITE (MSG,*) "Huh? That is not a moveable piece!" !Justified!
IF (IT.GT.0) GO TO 21 !Try again.
STOP "Oh well." !Or quit, on negative vibrations.
END IF !So much for selecting a piece.
Complete the selected move.
30 BOARD(ZC,ZR) = IT !Place the named piece where the space was.
LOCZ = LOCM(:,I) !The space is now where that piece came from.
BOARD(ZC,ZR) = SPACE !And now holds a space.
c write (6,*) c 1 "disorder=",COUNT(BORED(1:N - 2) + 1 .NE. BORED(2:N - 1))
IF (TRY.LE.6) WRITE (MSG,31) !Set off with a nice heading.
31 FORMAT (/"The new layout...") !Just for clarity.
CALL SHOW(NR,NC,BOARD) !Perhaps it will be good.
Check for success.
IF (BORED(N).NE.SPACE) GO TO 20 !Is the space at the end?
IF (ANY(BORED(1:N - 2) + 1 .NE. BORED(2:N - 1))) GO TO 20 !Are we there yet?
WRITE (MSG,*) TRY,"Steps to success!" !Yes!
END !That was fun.</lang>
Output: Not so good. As ever, the character cell sizes are not square so a square game board comes out as a rectangle. Similarly, underlining is unavailable (no overprints!) so the layout is not pleasing. There are special "box-drawing" glyphs available, but they are not standardised and there is still no overprinting so that a flabby waste of space results. Further, there is no ability to re-write the display, even though one could easily regard the output to the screen as a random-access file: WRITE (MSG,REC = 6) STUFF would rewrite the sixth line of the display. Instead, output relentlessly rolls forwards, starting as follows:
To play 'slide-square' with 4 rows and 4 columns. The game is to slide a square into the space (thus leaving a space behind) until you attain the nice orderly layout as follows: Row|__1__2__3__4 1| 1 2 3 4 2| 5 6 7 8 3| 9 10 11 12 4| 13 14 15 0 But, your board looks like this... Row|__1__2__3__4 1| 15 0 14 11 2| 8 13 5 3 3| 4 1 7 9 4| 10 6 2 12 Moveable pieces: 14,13,15. Choose one: 15 The new layout... Row|__1__2__3__4 1| 0 15 14 11 2| 8 13 5 3 3| 4 1 7 9 4| 10 6 2 12 Moveable pieces: 15,8. Choose one:
The display here turns out to be less rectangular than that of the "console" screen's usual setting, which changes with the typeface and sizing anyway. Endless variation. As for playing the game, it is much easier to get a "feel" for the possibilities when manipulating the actual physical object. The digital world is less real.
Gambas
<lang gambas>'Charlie Ogier (C) 15PuzzleGame 24/04/2017 V0.1.0 Licenced under MIT 'Inspiration came from: - http://rosettacode.org/wiki/15_Puzzle_Game Bugs or comments to bugs@cogier.com 'Written in Gambas 3.9.2 - Updated on the Gambas Farm 01/05/2017 'Updated so that the message and the Title show the same amount of moves 01/06/2017 'Form now expandable. Font height automated. Form size and position saved 06/06/2107
'Simulate playing the 15 - game(puzzle) Yes in GUI 'Generate a random start position Yes 'Prompt the user for which piece To move No 'Validate if the move is legal(possible) Yes 'Display the game(puzzle) as pieces are moved Yes in GUI 'Announce when the puzzle is solved Yes 'Possibly keep track of the number of moves Yes
byPos As New Byte[] 'Stores the position of the 'Tiles' siMoves As Short 'Stores the amount of moves hTimer As Timer 'Timer dTimerStart As Date 'Stores the start time dTimerDiff As Date 'Stores the time from the start to now bTimerOn As Boolean 'To know if the Timer is running
Public Sub Form_Open() 'Form opens
Settings.read(Me, "Window") 'Get details of the last window position and size With Me 'With the Form..
.Padding = 5 'Pad the edges .Arrangement = Arrange.Row 'Arrange the Form .Title = "15PuzzleGame v0.3.0" 'Set the Form Title
End With
BuildForm 'Go to the BuildForm routine
End
Public Sub BuildForm() 'To add items to the Form Dim hButton As Button 'We need some Buttons Dim byRand, byTest As Byte 'Various variables Dim bOK As Boolean 'Used to stop duplicate numbers being added Dim bSolvable As Boolean
Repeat 'Repeat until the puzzle is solvable
Do 'Start of a Do loop to create 0 to 15 in random order
byRand = Rand(0, 15) 'Get a random number between 0 and 15
If byRand = 0 Then byRand = 99 'Change 0 to 99 for the Blank space
bOK = True 'Set bOK to True
For Each byTest In byPos 'For each number stored in the array byPos
If byRand = byTest Then bOK = False 'Check to see if it already exists, if it does set bOK to False
Next
If bOK Then byPos.Add(byRand) 'If not a duplicate then add it to the array
If byPos.max = 15 Then Break 'Once the array has 16 numbers get out of here. 99 is used for the blank space
Loop
bSolvable = IsItSolvable() 'Go to the 'check if puzzle is solvable' routine
If Not bSolvable Then byPos.clear 'If it's not solvable then clear byPos
Until bSolvable = True 'Repeat until the puzzle is solvable
For byRand = 0 To 15 'Loop
If byPos[byRand] = 99 Then 'Check if value is 99 as this is where the blank space will go AddPanel 'Go to the AddPanel routine to add the blank space Continue 'Skip to the end of the loop Endif hButton = New Button(Me) As "AllButtons" 'Add a new button to the Form, all buttons grouped as 'AllButtons' With hButton 'With the following properties .Text = Str(byPos[byRand]) 'Add Button text .Tag = Str(byPos[byRand]) 'Add a Tag .Height = (Me.Height - 10) / 4 'Set the Button height .Width = (Me.Width - 10) / 4 'Set the Button width .Font.Bold = True 'Set the font to Bold .Font.Size = 16 'Set Font size End With
Next
AddTimer 'Go to the AddTimer routine
End
Public Sub AddPanel() 'Routine to add an invisible panel that is the blank area
Dim hPanel As Panel 'We need a Panel
HPanel = New Panel(Me) 'Add the Panel to the Form With HPanel 'With the following Properties
.Tag = 99 'Set a Tag to 99 .Height = (Me.Height - 10) / 4 'Set the height .Width = (Me.Width - 10) / 4 'Set the width
End With
End
Public Sub AddTimer() 'To add a Timer
hTimer = New Timer As "MyTimer" 'Add a Timer hTimer.Delay = 1000 'Set the timer delay
End
Public Sub MyTimer_Timer() 'Timer
Me.Title = siMoves & " Moves " 'Set the Form Title to show the amount of moves taken
If dTimerStart Then 'If a start time has been set then
dTimerDiff = Time(Now) - dTimerStart 'Calculate the time difference between StartTime and Now Me.Title &= " - " & Str(dTimerDiff) 'Add the time taken to the Form Title
End If
End
Public Sub AllButtons_Click() 'What to do when a Button is clicked Dim byLast As Byte = Last.Tag 'Get the Tag of the Button clicked Dim byTemp, byCount As Byte 'Various variables Dim byCheck As Byte[] = [88, 88, 88, 88] 'Used for checking for the blank space Dim byWChgeck As New Byte[16, 4] Dim oObj As Object 'We need to enumerate Objects
For Each oObj In Me.Children 'For each Object (Buttons in this case) that are Children of the Form..
If oObj.Tag = byLast Then Break 'If the Tag of the Button matches then we know the position of the Button on the form so get out of here Inc byCount 'Increase the value of byCount
Next
Select Case byCount 'Depending on the position of the Button
Case 0 'e.g 0 then we need to check positions 1 & 4 for the blank byCheck[0] = 1 byCheck[1] = 4 Case 1 byCheck[0] = 0 byCheck[1] = 2 byCheck[2] = 5 Case 2 byCheck[0] = 1 byCheck[1] = 3 byCheck[2] = 6 Case 3 byCheck[0] = 2 byCheck[1] = 7 Case 4 byCheck[0] = 0 byCheck[1] = 5 byCheck[2] = 8 Case 5 'e.g 5 then we need to check positions 1, 4, 6 & 9 for the blank byCheck[0] = 1 byCheck[1] = 4 byCheck[2] = 6 byCheck[3] = 9 Case 6 byCheck[0] = 2 byCheck[1] = 5 byCheck[2] = 7 byCheck[3] = 10 Case 7 byCheck[0] = 3 byCheck[1] = 6 byCheck[2] = 11 Case 8 byCheck[0] = 4 byCheck[1] = 9 byCheck[2] = 12 Case 9 byCheck[0] = 5 byCheck[1] = 8 byCheck[2] = 10 byCheck[3] = 13 Case 10 byCheck[0] = 6 byCheck[1] = 9 byCheck[2] = 11 byCheck[3] = 14 Case 11 byCheck[0] = 7 byCheck[1] = 10 byCheck[2] = 15 Case 12 byCheck[0] = 8 byCheck[1] = 13 Case 13 byCheck[0] = 9 byCheck[1] = 12 byCheck[2] = 14 Case 14 byCheck[0] = 10 byCheck[1] = 13 byCheck[2] = 15 Case 15 byCheck[0] = 11 byCheck[1] = 14
End Select
For Each byTemp In byCheck 'For each value in byCheck
If byTemp = 88 Then Break 'If byTemp = 88 then get out of here
If byPos[byTemp] = 99 Then 'If the position checked is 99 (the blank) then..
byPos[byTemp] = Last.Text 'Set the new position of the Tile in byPos
byPos[byCount] = 99 'Set the existing Tile position to = 99 (blank)
Inc siMoves 'Inc the amount of moves made
If Not bTimerOn Then 'If the Timer is now needed then
dTimerStart = Time(Now) 'Set the Start time to NOW
hTimer.start 'Start the Timer
bTimerOn = True 'Set bTimerOn to True
Endif
Break 'Get out of here
End If
Next
RebuildForm 'Go to the RebuilForm routine CheckIfPuzzleCompleted 'Check to see if the puzzle has been solved
End
Public Sub CheckIfPuzzleCompleted() 'Is the puzzle is complete Dim byTest As Byte[] = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 99] 'byPos will equal this if it is completed Dim siCount As Short 'Counter Dim bCompleted As Boolean = True 'Completed? Dim sMessage As String 'String to store the display message
For siCount = 0 To 15 'Loop through the byPos
If byPos[siCount] <> byTest[siCount] Then 'If the position does not match the completed position then.. bCompleted = False 'Set bCompleted to False Break 'Get out of here Endif
Next
If bCompleted Then 'If the puzzle is completed then
hTimer.Stop 'Stop the timer Me.Title = siMoves & " Moves " 'Set the Form Title to show the amount of moves taken sMessage = "Congratulations!!\n" 'Build sMessage sMessage &= Str(siMoves) & " Moves\n" 'Build sMessage sMessage &= "Time = " & Str(dTimerDiff) 'Build sMessage Message(sMessage, "OK") 'Put up a congratulatory message Me.Close 'Close the form
Endif
End
Public Sub RebuildForm() 'To clear the Form and rebuild with the Tiles in the new postion Dim hButton As Button 'We need Buttons Dim byCount, byTemp As Byte 'Various variables Dim siFontH As Short
Me.Children.clear 'Clear the Form of all Objects
For Each byTemp In byPos 'For each 'Position'
If byTemp = 99 Then 'If the Position's value is 99 then it's the space
AddPanel 'Go to the AddPanel routine
Else 'If the Position's value is NOT 99 then
hButton = New Button(Me) As "AllButtons" 'Create a new Button
With hButton 'With the following properties
.Text = Str(byPos[byCount]) 'Text as stored in byPos
.Tag = Str(byPos[byCount]) 'Tag as stored in byPos
.Height = (Me.Height - 10) / 4 'Set the Button height
.Width = (Me.Width - 10) / 4 'Set the Button width
.Font.Bold = True 'Set the Font to Bold
End With
If Me.Width > Me.Height Then 'If Form Width is greater than Form Width then..
siFontH = Me.Height 'siFontH = Form Height
Else 'Else..
siFontH = Me.Width 'siFontH = Form Width
End If
hButton.Font.size = siFontH / 16 'Set Font height
Endif
Inc byCount 'Increase counter
Next
End
Public Sub Form_Resize() 'If the form is resized
RebuildForm 'Rebuild the Form
End
Public Sub IsItSolvable() As Boolean 'To check if the puzzle is solvable Dim bSolvable, bBlankOnEven As Boolean 'Triggers Dim siCount0, siCount1, siInversion As Short 'Counters
For siCount0 = 0 To byPos.Max 'Loop through the positions
If byPos[siCount0] = 99 Then 'The blank
If InStr("0,1,2,3,8,9,10,11,", Str(siCount0 & ",")) Then 'Is the blank on an even row (counting from the bottom) if so..
bBlankOnEven = True 'bBlankOnEven = True
End If
Continue 'Go to the end of the loop
End If
For siCount1 = siCount0 + 1 To byPos.Max 'Loop through the positions
If byPos[siCount0] > byPos[siCount1] Then Inc siInversion 'Counts the inversions
Next 'See https://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/~mdr/teaching/modules04/java2/TilesSolvability.html
Next
If bBlankOnEven And Odd(siInversion) Then bSolvable = True 'Blank is on an even row (counting from the bottom) then the number of inversions in a solvable situation is odd If Not bBlankOnEven And Even(siInversion) Then bSolvable = True 'Blank is on an odd row (counting from the bottom) then the number of inversions in a solvable situation is even
Return bSolvable 'Return the value
End
Public Sub Form_Close()
Settings.Write(Me, "Window") 'Store the window position and size
End </lang>
Click here for image of game in play
Go
<lang go>package main
import ( "fmt" "math/rand" "strings" "time" )
func main() { rand.Seed(time.Now().UnixNano()) p := newPuzzle() p.play() }
type board [16]cell type cell uint8 type move uint8
const ( up move = iota down right left )
func randMove() move { return move(rand.Intn(4)) }
var solvedBoard = board{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 0}
func (b *board) String() string { var buf strings.Builder for i, c := range b { if c == 0 { buf.WriteString(" .") } else { _, _ = fmt.Fprintf(&buf, "%3d", c) } if i%4 == 3 { buf.WriteString("\n") } } return buf.String() }
type puzzle struct { board board empty int // board[empty] == 0 moves int quit bool }
func newPuzzle() *puzzle { p := &puzzle{ board: solvedBoard, empty: 15, } // Could make this configurable, 10==easy, 50==normal, 100==hard p.shuffle(50) return p }
func (p *puzzle) shuffle(moves int) { // As with other Rosetta solutions, we use some number // of random moves to "shuffle" the board. for i := 0; i < moves || p.board == solvedBoard; { if p.doMove(randMove()) { i++ } } }
func (p *puzzle) isValidMove(m move) (newIndex int, ok bool) { switch m { case up: return p.empty - 4, p.empty/4 > 0 case down: return p.empty + 4, p.empty/4 < 3 case right: return p.empty + 1, p.empty%4 < 3 case left: return p.empty - 1, p.empty%4 > 0 default: panic("not reached") } }
func (p *puzzle) doMove(m move) bool { i := p.empty j, ok := p.isValidMove(m) if ok { p.board[i], p.board[j] = p.board[j], p.board[i] p.empty = j p.moves++ } return ok }
func (p *puzzle) play() { fmt.Printf("Starting board:") for p.board != solvedBoard && !p.quit { fmt.Printf("\n%v\n", &p.board) p.playOneMove() } if p.board == solvedBoard { fmt.Printf("You solved the puzzle in %d moves.\n", p.moves) } }
func (p *puzzle) playOneMove() { for { fmt.Printf("Enter move #%d (U, D, L, R, or Q): ", p.moves+1) var s string if n, err := fmt.Scanln(&s); err != nil || n != 1 { continue }
s = strings.TrimSpace(s) if s == "" { continue }
var m move switch s[0] { case 'U', 'u': m = up case 'D', 'd': m = down case 'L', 'l': m = left case 'R', 'r': m = right case 'Q', 'q': fmt.Printf("Quiting after %d moves.\n", p.moves) p.quit = true return default: fmt.Println(` Please enter "U", "D", "L", or "R" to move the empty cell up, down, left, or right. You can also enter "Q" to quit. Upper or lowercase is accepted and only the first non-blank character is important (i.e. you may enter "up" if you like). `) continue }
if !p.doMove(m) { fmt.Println("That is not a valid move at the moment.") continue }
return } }</lang>
Haskell
<lang haskell>import Data.Array import System.Random
type Puzzle = Array (Int, Int) Int
main :: IO () main = do
putStrLn "Please enter the difficulty level: 0, 1 or 2"
userInput <- getLine
let diffLevel = read userInput
if userInput == "" || any (\c -> c < '0' || c > '9') userInput || diffLevel > 2 || diffLevel < 0
then putStrLn "That is not a valid difficulty level." >> main
else shufflePuzzle ([10, 50, 100] !! diffLevel) solvedPuzzle >>= gameLoop
gameLoop :: Puzzle -> IO () gameLoop puzzle
| puzzle == solvedPuzzle = putStrLn "You solved the puzzle!" >> printPuzzle puzzle
| otherwise = do
printPuzzle puzzle
putStrLn "Please enter number to move"
userInput <- getLine
if any (\c -> c < '0' || c > '9') userInput
then putStrLn "That is not a valid number." >> gameLoop puzzle
else let move = read userInput in
if move `notElem` validMoves puzzle
then putStrLn "This move is not available." >> gameLoop puzzle
else gameLoop (applyMove move puzzle)
validMoves :: Puzzle -> [Int] validMoves puzzle = [puzzle ! (row', column') |
row' <- [rowEmpty-1..rowEmpty+1], column' <- [columnEmpty-1..columnEmpty+1],
row' < 4, row' >= 0, column' < 4, column' >= 0,
(row' == rowEmpty) /= (column' == columnEmpty)]
where (rowEmpty, columnEmpty) = findIndexOfNumber 16 puzzle
applyMove :: Int -> Puzzle -> Puzzle applyMove numberToMove puzzle = puzzle // [(indexToMove, 16), (emptyIndex, numberToMove)]
where indexToMove = findIndexOfNumber numberToMove puzzle
emptyIndex = findIndexOfNumber 16 puzzle
findIndexOfNumber :: Int -> Puzzle -> (Int, Int) findIndexOfNumber number puzzle = case filter (\idx -> number == puzzle ! idx)
(indices puzzle) of
[idx] -> idx
_ -> error "BUG: number not in puzzle"
printPuzzle :: Puzzle -> IO () printPuzzle puzzle = do
putStrLn "+--+--+--+--+"
putStrLn $ "|" ++ formatCell (0, 0) ++ "|" ++ formatCell (0, 1) ++ "|" ++ formatCell (0, 2) ++ "|" ++ formatCell (0, 3) ++ "|"
putStrLn "+--+--+--+--+"
putStrLn $ "|" ++ formatCell (1, 0) ++ "|" ++ formatCell (1, 1) ++ "|" ++ formatCell (1, 2) ++ "|" ++ formatCell (1, 3) ++ "|"
putStrLn "+--+--+--+--+"
putStrLn $ "|" ++ formatCell (2, 0) ++ "|" ++ formatCell (2, 1) ++ "|" ++ formatCell (2, 2) ++ "|" ++ formatCell (2, 3) ++ "|"
putStrLn "+--+--+--+--+"
putStrLn $ "|" ++ formatCell (3, 0) ++ "|" ++ formatCell (3, 1) ++ "|" ++ formatCell (3, 2) ++ "|" ++ formatCell (3, 3) ++ "|"
putStrLn "+--+--+--+--+"
where formatCell idx
| i == 16 = " "
| i > 9 = show i
| otherwise = " " ++ show i
where i = puzzle ! idx
solvedPuzzle :: Puzzle solvedPuzzle = listArray ((0, 0), (3, 3)) [1..16]
shufflePuzzle :: Int -> Puzzle -> IO Puzzle shufflePuzzle 0 puzzle = return puzzle shufflePuzzle numOfShuffels puzzle = do
let moves = validMoves puzzle randomIndex <- randomRIO (0, length moves - 1) let move = moves !! randomIndex shufflePuzzle (numOfShuffels - 1) (applyMove move puzzle)</lang>
Output:
Please enter the difficulty level: 0, 1 or 2 0 +--+--+--+--+ | 1| 6| 2| 4| +--+--+--+--+ | 5|10| 3| 8| +--+--+--+--+ | 9|14| 7|11| +--+--+--+--+ |13| |15|12| +--+--+--+--+ Please enter number to move 14 +--+--+--+--+ | 1| 6| 2| 4| +--+--+--+--+ | 5|10| 3| 8| +--+--+--+--+ | 9| | 7|11| +--+--+--+--+ |13|14|15|12| +--+--+--+--+ Please enter number to move
Harbour
<lang Harbour>
- include "inkey.ch"
- include "Box.ch"
procedure Main()
// console init SET SCOREBOARD OFF SetMode(30,80) ret := 0
// main loop
yn := .F.
DO WHILE yn == .F.
// draw console
cls
@ 0, 0 TO MaxRow(), MaxCol() DOUBLE
SetColor("BG+/B,W/N")
@ 0, 4 SAY " Slidng puzzle game "
SetColor()
// input size of grid
tam := 0
@ MaxRow() - 2, 4 SAY "Size of grid: " GET tam PICTURE "9"
READ
// Initialize numbers
lista := ARRAY (tam * tam)
FOR z := 1 TO tam * tam
lista[z] := z
NEXT
lista1 := lista
grid := ARRAY (tam,tam)
// populate grid with numbers
FOR i := 1 TO tam
FOR j := 1 TO tam
grid[i,j] := lista1[ (i-1) * tam + j]
NEXT
NEXT
Mostra(@grid)
InKey(0)
// initialize the game
n := 0
t := 0
lista := lista1 // lista for scrambling, lista1 preserve numbers in order
DO WHILE .T.
// scrambling numbers
FOR i := 1 TO tam*tam
n := Int ( ft_Rand1(tam * tam - 1) + 1 )
t := lista[n]
lista[n] := lista[i]
lista[i] := t
NEXT
// have solution?
possp := 0
invct := 0 // change counter
FOR i := 1 TO tam * tam -1
IF lista[i] != tam*tam
FOR j := i + 1 TO tam * tam
IF lista[j] != tam*tam
IF lista[i] > lista[j]
invct++
ENDIF
ENDIF
NEXT
ELSE
possp := i
ENDIF
NEXT
linv := If( ( (invct % 2) == 0 ), .T., .F.)
lkin := If( ( (tam - Int( (possp -1) / tam )) % 2) == 0, .T., .F. )
IF ( (tam % 2) != 0) // if grid size is odd
IF linv // if number of positions changes is even, solvable
EXIT
ELSE
LOOP // if is odd, not solvable, scramble more
ENDIF // if grid size is even
ELSE
// If changes is even and space position is in odd line
// or changes is odd and space position is in even line
// (XOR condition) is solvable
IF (linv .AND. !lkin) .OR. (!linv .AND. lkin) // XOR !!!
EXIT
ElSE // else scramble more
LOOP
ENDIF
ENDIF
ENDDO
// populate the grid with scrambled numbers
FOR i := 1 TO tam
FOR j := 1 TO tam
grid[i,j] := lista[ (i-1) * tam + j]
NEXT
NEXT
ret := Mostra(@grid)
// play
key := 0
DO WHILE LastKey() != K_ESC
key := 0
// find the space coords
xe := 0
ye := 0
lv := tam*tam
FOR i := 1 TO tam
FOR j := 1 TO tam
IF grid[i,j] == lv
xe :=i
ye :=j
ENDIF
NEXT
NEXT
// the direction keys
key := inkey(0)
DO CASE
CASE key == K_UP
IF xe > 1
grid[xe,ye] := grid[xe-1,ye]
grid[xe-1,ye] := lv
ENDIF
ret := Mostra(@grid)
CASE key == K_DOWN
IF xe < tam
grid[xe,ye] := grid[xe+1,ye]
grid[xe+1,ye] := lv
ENDIF
ret := Mostra(@grid)
CASE key == K_LEFT
IF ye > 1
grid[xe,ye] := grid[xe,ye-1]
grid[xe,ye-1] := lv
ENDIF
ret := Mostra(@grid)
CASE key == K_RIGHT
IF ye < tam
grid[xe,ye] := grid[xe,ye+1]
grid[xe,ye+1] := lv
ENDIF
ret := Mostra(@grid)
ENDCASE
IF ret == tam*tam-1 // ret is qtty numbers in position
@ MaxRow() - 3, 4 SAY "Fim de jogo!" // if ret == (size*size) -1
key := K_ESC // all numbers in position
EXIT // game solved
ENDIF
ENDDO
@ MaxRow() - 2, 4 SAY "Deseja sair? (yn): " GET yn PICTURE "Y"
READ
@ MaxRow() - 3, 4 SAY " "
ENDDO
return NIL
FUNCTION Mostra(grid)
// Show the gris
fim := 0 // how many numbers in position?
SetColor("BG+/B,W/N")
@ 5,10 , 5 + tam * 2, 9 + tam * 4 BOX B_SINGLE + Space(1)
i := 0
FOR y := 1 TO tam
FOR x := 1 TO tam
IF grid[x,y] == tam * tam // show space
SetColor(" B/GR+, W/N")
@ x*2 + 4, i + 11 SAY " "
SetColor("BG+/B,W/N")
ELSE
IF ( (x-1) * tam + y ) == grid[x,y] // show number in position
SetColor("W/G,W/N")
@ x*2 + 4, i + 11 SAY grid[x,y] PICTURE "99"
fim++
ELSE // show number out position
SetColor("BG+/B,W/N")
@ x*2 + 4, i + 11 SAY grid[x,y] PICTURE "99"
ENDIF
ENDIF
NEXT
i = i + 4
NEXT
SetColor(" W/N, BG+/B")
RETURN fim </lang>
J
Implementation:
<lang J>require'general/misc/prompt'
genboard=:3 :0
b=. ?~16 if. 0<C.!.2 b do. b=. (<0 _1)C. b end. a: (b i.0)} <"0 b
)
done=: (<"0]1+i.15),a:
shift=: |.!._"0 2 taxi=: |:,/"2(_1 1 shift i.4 4),_1 1 shift"0 1/ i.4 4
showboard=:3 :0
echo 'current board:' echo 4 4$y
)
help=:0 :0
Slide a number block into the empty space until you get:
┌──┬──┬──┬──┐ │1 │2 │3 │4 │ ├──┼──┼──┼──┤ │5 │6 │7 │8 │ ├──┼──┼──┼──┤ │9 │10│11│12│ ├──┼──┼──┼──┤ │13│14│15│ │ └──┴──┴──┴──┘
Or type 'q' to quit.
)
getmove=:3 :0
showboard y
blank=. y i. a:
options=. /:~ ;y {~ _ -.~ blank { taxi
whilst. -. n e. options do.
echo 'Valid moves: ',":options
t=. prompt 'move which number? '
if. 'q' e. t do.
echo 'giving up'
throw.
elseif. 'h' e. t do.
echo help
showboard y
end.
n=. {._".t
end.
(<blank,y i.<n) C. y
)
game=: 3 :0
echo '15 puzzle' echo 'h for help, q to quit' board=. genboard whilst. -. done-:board do. board=. getmove board end. showboard board echo 'You win.'
)</lang>
Most of this is user interface code. We initially shuffle the numbers randomly, then check their parity and swap the first and last squares if needed. Then, for each move, we allow the user to pick one of the taxicab neighbors of the empty square.
A full game would be too big to be worth showing here, so for the purpose of giving a glimpse of what this looks like in action we replace the random number generator with a constant:
<lang J> game 15 puzzle h for help, q to quit current board: ┌──┬──┬──┬──┐ │1 │2 │3 │4 │ ├──┼──┼──┼──┤ │5 │6 │7 │8 │ ├──┼──┼──┼──┤ │9 │10│ │11│ ├──┼──┼──┼──┤ │13│14│15│12│ └──┴──┴──┴──┘ Valid moves: 7 10 11 15 move which number? 11 current board: ┌──┬──┬──┬──┐ │1 │2 │3 │4 │ ├──┼──┼──┼──┤ │5 │6 │7 │8 │ ├──┼──┼──┼──┤ │9 │10│11│ │ ├──┼──┼──┼──┤ │13│14│15│12│ └──┴──┴──┴──┘ Valid moves: 8 11 12 move which number? 12 current board: ┌──┬──┬──┬──┐ │1 │2 │3 │4 │ ├──┼──┼──┼──┤ │5 │6 │7 │8 │ ├──┼──┼──┼──┤ │9 │10│11│12│ ├──┼──┼──┼──┤ │13│14│15│ │ └──┴──┴──┴──┘ You win.</lang>
Java
<lang java>package fifteenpuzzle;
import java.awt.*; import java.awt.event.*; import java.util.Random; import javax.swing.*;
class FifteenPuzzle extends JPanel {
private final int side = 4; private final int numTiles = side * side - 1;
private final Random rand = new Random(); private final int[] tiles = new int[numTiles + 1]; private final int tileSize; private int blankPos; private final int margin; private final int gridSize; private boolean gameOver;
private FifteenPuzzle() {
final int dim = 640;
margin = 80;
tileSize = (dim - 2 * margin) / side;
gridSize = tileSize * side;
setPreferredSize(new Dimension(dim, dim + margin));
setBackground(Color.WHITE);
setForeground(new Color(0x6495ED)); // cornflowerblue
setFont(new Font("SansSerif", Font.BOLD, 60));
gameOver = true;
addMouseListener(new MouseAdapter() {
@Override
public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e) {
if (gameOver) {
newGame();
} else {
int ex = e.getX() - margin;
int ey = e.getY() - margin;
if (ex < 0 || ex > gridSize || ey < 0 || ey > gridSize) {
return;
}
int c1 = ex / tileSize;
int r1 = ey / tileSize;
int c2 = blankPos % side;
int r2 = blankPos / side;
int clickPos = r1 * side + c1;
int dir = 0;
if (c1 == c2 && Math.abs(r1 - r2) > 0) {
dir = (r1 - r2) > 0 ? 4 : -4;
} else if (r1 == r2 && Math.abs(c1 - c2) > 0) {
dir = (c1 - c2) > 0 ? 1 : -1;
}
if (dir != 0) {
do {
int newBlankPos = blankPos + dir;
tiles[blankPos] = tiles[newBlankPos];
blankPos = newBlankPos;
} while (blankPos != clickPos);
tiles[blankPos] = 0;
}
gameOver = isSolved();
}
repaint();
}
});
newGame(); }
private void newGame() {
do {
reset();
shuffle();
} while (!isSolvable());
gameOver = false;
}
private void reset() {
for (int i = 0; i < tiles.length; i++) {
tiles[i] = (i + 1) % tiles.length;
}
blankPos = tiles.length - 1;
}
private void shuffle() {
// don't include the blank space in the shuffle, leave it
// in the home position
int n = numTiles;
while (n > 1) {
int r = rand.nextInt(n--);
int tmp = tiles[r];
tiles[r] = tiles[n];
tiles[n] = tmp;
}
}
/* Only half the permutations of the puzzle are solvable.
Whenever a tile is preceded by a tile with higher value it counts
as an inversion. In our case, with the blank space in the home
position, the number of inversions must be even for the puzzle
to be solvable.
See also:
www.cs.bham.ac.uk/~mdr/teaching/modules04/java2/TilesSolvability.html
*/
private boolean isSolvable() {
int countInversions = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < numTiles; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < i; j++) {
if (tiles[j] > tiles[i]) {
countInversions++;
}
}
}
return countInversions % 2 == 0;
}
private boolean isSolved() {
if (tiles[tiles.length - 1] != 0) {
return false;
}
for (int i = numTiles - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
if (tiles[i] != i + 1) {
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
private void drawGrid(Graphics2D g) {
for (int i = 0; i < tiles.length; i++) {
int r = i / side;
int c = i % side;
int x = margin + c * tileSize;
int y = margin + r * tileSize;
if (tiles[i] == 0) {
if (gameOver) {
g.setColor(Color.GREEN);
drawCenteredString(g, "\u2713", x, y);
}
continue;
}
g.setColor(getForeground());
g.fillRoundRect(x, y, tileSize, tileSize, 25, 25);
g.setColor(Color.blue.darker());
g.drawRoundRect(x, y, tileSize, tileSize, 25, 25);
g.setColor(Color.WHITE);
drawCenteredString(g, String.valueOf(tiles[i]), x, y);
}
}
private void drawStartMessage(Graphics2D g) {
if (gameOver) {
g.setFont(getFont().deriveFont(Font.BOLD, 18));
g.setColor(getForeground());
String s = "click to start a new game";
int x = (getWidth() - g.getFontMetrics().stringWidth(s)) / 2;
int y = getHeight() - margin;
g.drawString(s, x, y);
}
}
private void drawCenteredString(Graphics2D g, String s, int x, int y) {
FontMetrics fm = g.getFontMetrics();
int asc = fm.getAscent();
int des = fm.getDescent();
x = x + (tileSize - fm.stringWidth(s)) / 2;
y = y + (asc + (tileSize - (asc + des)) / 2);
g.drawString(s, x, y); }
@Override
public void paintComponent(Graphics gg) {
super.paintComponent(gg);
Graphics2D g = (Graphics2D) gg;
g.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_ANTIALIASING,
RenderingHints.VALUE_ANTIALIAS_ON);
drawGrid(g);
drawStartMessage(g);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
SwingUtilities.invokeLater(() -> {
JFrame f = new JFrame();
f.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
f.setTitle("Fifteen Puzzle");
f.setResizable(false);
f.add(new FifteenPuzzle(), BorderLayout.CENTER);
f.pack();
f.setLocationRelativeTo(null);
f.setVisible(true);
});
}
}</lang>
JavaScript
Play it here <lang javascript> var board, zx, zy, clicks, possibles, clickCounter, oldzx = -1, oldzy = -1; function getPossibles() {
var ii, jj, cx = [-1, 0, 1, 0], cy = [0, -1, 0, 1];
possibles = [];
for( var i = 0; i < 4; i++ ) {
ii = zx + cx[i]; jj = zy + cy[i];
if( ii < 0 || ii > 3 || jj < 0 || jj > 3 ) continue;
possibles.push( { x: ii, y: jj } );
}
} function updateBtns() {
var b, v, id;
for( var j = 0; j < 4; j++ ) {
for( var i = 0; i < 4; i++ ) {
id = "btn" + ( i + j * 4 );
b = document.getElementById( id );
v = board[i][j];
if( v < 16 ) {
b.innerHTML = ( "" + v );
b.className = "button"
}
else {
b.innerHTML = ( "" );
b.className = "empty";
}
}
}
clickCounter.innerHTML = "Clicks: " + clicks;
} function shuffle() {
var v = 0, t;
do {
getPossibles();
while( true ) {
t = possibles[Math.floor( Math.random() * possibles.length )];
console.log( t.x, oldzx, t.y, oldzy )
if( t.x != oldzx || t.y != oldzy ) break;
}
oldzx = zx; oldzy = zy;
board[zx][zy] = board[t.x][t.y];
zx = t.x; zy = t.y;
board[zx][zy] = 16;
} while( ++v < 200 );
} function restart() {
shuffle(); clicks = 0; updateBtns();
} function checkFinished() {
var a = 0;
for( var j = 0; j < 4; j++ ) {
for( var i = 0; i < 4; i++ ) {
if( board[i][j] < a ) return false;
a = board[i][j];
}
}
return true;
} function btnHandle( e ) {
getPossibles();
var c = e.target.i, r = e.target.j, p = -1;
for( var i = 0; i < possibles.length; i++ ) {
if( possibles[i].x == c && possibles[i].y == r ) {
p = i;
break;
}
}
if( p > -1 ) {
clicks++;
var t = possibles[p];
board[zx][zy] = board[t.x][t.y];
zx = t.x; zy = t.y;
board[zx][zy] = 16;
updateBtns();
if( checkFinished() ) {
setTimeout(function(){
alert( "WELL DONE!" );
restart();
}, 1);
}
}
} function createBoard() {
board = new Array( 4 );
for( var i = 0; i < 4; i++ ) {
board[i] = new Array( 4 );
}
for( var j = 0; j < 4; j++ ) {
for( var i = 0; i < 4; i++ ) {
board[i][j] = ( i + j * 4 ) + 1;
}
}
zx = zy = 3; board[zx][zy] = 16;
} function createBtns() {
var b, d = document.createElement( "div" );
d.className += "board";
document.body.appendChild( d );
for( var j = 0; j < 4; j++ ) {
for( var i = 0; i < 4; i++ ) {
b = document.createElement( "button" );
b.id = "btn" + ( i + j * 4 );
b.i = i; b.j = j;
b.addEventListener( "click", btnHandle, false );
b.appendChild( document.createTextNode( "" ) );
d.appendChild( b );
}
}
clickCounter = document.createElement( "p" );
clickCounter.className += "txt";
document.body.appendChild( clickCounter );
} function start() {
createBtns(); createBoard(); restart();
} </lang> Html to test
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html><head><meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>15 Puzzle</title>
<script src="p15.js"></script>
<style>
html,body{padding:0; margin:0;padding-top:8vh;background:#222;color:#111}
.txt{color:#fff;text-align:center;font-size:5vh}
.board{padding:0;margin:auto;width:33vh;height:33vh}
.button, .empty{border:0;font-size:3.5vh;margin:0.5vh;padding:0;height:6vh;width:7.25vh;line-height:5vh;
vertical-align:middle;background:#fff;text-align:center;border-radius:3px;cursor:pointer;float:left}
.empty{background:#333;border:1px solid #111}
</style>
</head><body onload="start()"></body></html>
Julia
<lang julia> using Random
const size = 4 const puzzle = string.(reshape(1:16, size, size)) puzzle[16] = " " rng = MersenneTwister(Int64(round(time()))) shufflepuzzle() = (puzzle .= shuffle(rng, puzzle)) findtile(t) = findfirst(x->x == t, puzzle) findhole() = findtile(" ")
function issolvable()
inversioncount = 1
asint(x) = (puzzle[x] == " ") ? 0 : parse(Int64, puzzle[x])
for i in 1:size^2-1, j in i:size^2
if puzzle[i] == " " || puzzle[j] == " "
continue
end
if parse(Int, puzzle[i]) < parse(Int, puzzle[j])
inversioncount += 1
end
end
if size % 2 == 1
return inversioncount % 2 == 0
end
pos = findhole()
inversioncount += pos[2]
return inversioncount & 1 == 0
end
function nexttohole()
holepos = findhole()
row = holepos[1]
col = holepos[2]
if row == 1
if col == 1
return [[row, col + 1], [row + 1, col]]
elseif col == size
return [[row, col - 1], [row + 1, col]]
else
return [[row, col - 1], [row, col + 1], [row + 1, col]]
end
elseif row == size
if col == 1
return [[row - 1, col], [row, col + 1]]
elseif col == size
return [[row - 1, col], [row, col - 1]]
else
return [[row - 1, col], [row, col - 1], [row, col + 1]]
end
else
if col == 1
return [[row - 1, col], [row, col + 1], [row + 1, col]]
elseif col == size
return [[row - 1, col], [row, col - 1], [row + 1, col]]
else
return [[row - 1, col], [row, col - 1], [row, col + 1], [row + 1, col]]
end
end
end
possiblemoves() = map(pos->puzzle[pos[1], pos[2]], nexttohole())
function movehole(tiletofill)
if tiletofill in possiblemoves()
curpos = findtile(tiletofill)
holepos = findhole()
puzzle[holepos] = tiletofill
puzzle[curpos] = " "
else
println("Bad tile move $tiletofill.\nPossible moves are $(possiblemoves()).")
end
end
function printboard()
ppuz(x,y) = print(lpad(rpad(puzzle[x,y], 3), 4), "|")
print("+----+----+----+----+\n|")
for j in 1:size, i in 1:size
ppuz(i,j)
if i == size
print("\n")
if j < size
print("|")
end
end
end
println("+----+----+----+----+")
end
function puzzle15play()
solved() = (puzzle[1:15] == string.(1:15))
shufflepuzzle()
println("This puzzle is", issolvable() ? " " : " not ", "solvable.")
while !solved()
printboard()
print("Possible moves are: $(possiblemoves()), 0 to exit. Your move? => ")
s = readline()
if s == "0"
exit(0)
end
movehole(s)
end
printboard()
println("Puzzle solved.")
end
puzzle15play()
</lang>
- Output:
This puzzle is solvable. +----+----+----+----+ | 5 | 7 | 14 | | | 4 | 3 | 13 | 12 | | 10 | 1 | 6 | 9 | | 8 | 15 | 11 | 2 | +----+----+----+----+ Possible moves are: ["14", "12"], 0 to exit. Your move? => 12 +----+----+----+----+ | 5 | 7 | 14 | 12 | | 4 | 3 | 13 | | | 10 | 1 | 6 | 9 | | 8 | 15 | 11 | 2 | +----+----+----+----+ Possible moves are: ["13", "12", "9"], 0 to exit. Your move? =>
Kotlin
<lang scala>// version 1.1.3
import java.awt.BorderLayout import java.awt.Color import java.awt.Dimension import java.awt.Font import java.awt.Graphics import java.awt.Graphics2D import java.awt.RenderingHints import java.awt.event.MouseAdapter import java.awt.event.MouseEvent import java.util.Random import javax.swing.JFrame import javax.swing.JPanel import javax.swing.SwingUtilities
class FifteenPuzzle(dim: Int, val margin: Int) : JPanel() {
private val rand = Random() private val tiles = IntArray(16) private val tileSize = (dim - 2 * margin) / 4 private val gridSize = tileSize * 4 private var blankPos = 0
init {
preferredSize = Dimension(dim, dim)
background = Color.white
val cornflowerBlue = 0x6495ED
foreground = Color(cornflowerBlue)
font = Font("SansSerif", Font.BOLD, 60)
addMouseListener(object : MouseAdapter() {
override fun mousePressed(e: MouseEvent) {
val ex = e.x - margin
val ey = e.y - margin
if (ex !in 0..gridSize || ey !in 0..gridSize) return
val c1 = ex / tileSize
val r1 = ey / tileSize
val c2 = blankPos % 4
val r2 = blankPos / 4
if ((c1 == c2 && Math.abs(r1 - r2) == 1) ||
(r1 == r2 && Math.abs(c1 - c2) == 1)) {
val clickPos = r1 * 4 + c1
tiles[blankPos] = tiles[clickPos]
tiles[clickPos] = 0
blankPos = clickPos
}
repaint()
}
})
shuffle() }
private fun shuffle() {
do {
reset()
// don't include the blank space in the shuffle,
// leave it in the home position
var n = 15
while (n > 1) {
val r = rand.nextInt(n--)
val tmp = tiles[r]
tiles[r] = tiles[n]
tiles[n] = tmp
}
} while (!isSolvable())
}
private fun reset() {
for (i in 0 until tiles.size) {
tiles[i] = (i + 1) % tiles.size
}
blankPos = 15
}
/* Only half the permutations of the puzzle are solvable.
Whenever a tile is preceded by a tile with higher value it counts
as an inversion. In our case, with the blank space in the home
position, the number of inversions must be even for the puzzle
to be solvable.
*/
private fun isSolvable(): Boolean {
var countInversions = 0
for (i in 0 until 15) {
(0 until i)
.filter { tiles[it] > tiles[i] }
.forEach { countInversions++ }
}
return countInversions % 2 == 0
}
private fun drawGrid(g: Graphics2D) {
for (i in 0 until tiles.size) {
if (tiles[i] == 0) continue
val r = i / 4
val c = i % 4
val x = margin + c * tileSize
val y = margin + r * tileSize
with(g) {
color = foreground
fillRoundRect(x, y, tileSize, tileSize, 25, 25)
color = Color.black
drawRoundRect(x, y, tileSize, tileSize, 25, 25)
color = Color.white
}
drawCenteredString(g, tiles[i].toString(), x, y)
}
}
private fun drawCenteredString(g: Graphics2D, s: String, x: Int, y: Int) {
val fm = g.fontMetrics
val asc = fm.ascent
val des = fm.descent
val xx = x + (tileSize - fm.stringWidth(s)) / 2
val yy = y + (asc + (tileSize - (asc + des)) / 2)
g.drawString(s, xx, yy) }
override fun paintComponent(gg: Graphics) {
super.paintComponent(gg)
val g = gg as Graphics2D
g.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_ANTIALIASING,
RenderingHints.VALUE_ANTIALIAS_ON)
drawGrid(g)
}
}
fun main(args: Array<String>) {
SwingUtilities.invokeLater {
val f = JFrame()
with(f) {
defaultCloseOperation = JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE
title = "Fifteen Puzzle"
isResizable = false
add(FifteenPuzzle(640, 80), BorderLayout.CENTER)
pack()
setLocationRelativeTo(null)
isVisible = true
}
}
}</lang>
Liberty BASIC
<lang lb> ' 15-PUZZLE GAME ' ******************************** dim d(16) dim ds$(16) ' Board pieces dim sh(3) call introAndLevel v call buildBoard v call printPuzzle do
print "To move a piece, enter its number: " input x while isMoveValid(x, y, z) = 0 print "Wrong move." call printPuzzle print "To move a piece, enter its number: " input x wend d(z) = x d(y) = 0 call printPuzzle
loop until isPuzzleComplete() print "YOU WON!" end
sub printPuzzle
for p = 1 to 16
if d(p) = 0 then
ds$(p) = " "
else
s$ = str$(d(p))
ds$(p) = left$(" ", 3 - len(s$)) + s$ + " "
end if
next p
print "+-----+-----+-----+-----+"
print "|"; ds$(1); "|"; ds$(2); "|"; ds$(3); "|"; ds$(4); "|"
print "+-----+-----+-----+-----+"
print "|"; ds$(5); "|"; ds$(6); "|"; ds$(7); "|"; ds$(8); "|"
print "+-----+-----+-----+-----+"
print "|"; ds$(9); "|"; ds$(10); "|";ds$(11); "|"; ds$(12); "|"
print "+-----+-----+-----+-----+"
print "|"; ds$(13); "|"; ds$(14); "|"; ds$(15); "|"; ds$(16); "|"
print "+-----+-----+-----+-----+"
end sub
sub introAndLevel byref level
cls sh(1) = 10 sh(2) = 50 sh(3) = 100 print "15 PUZZLE GAME" print print print "Please enter level of difficulty," do print "1 (easy), 2 (medium) or 3 (hard): "; input level loop while (level < 1) or (level > 3)
end sub
sub buildBoard level
' Set pieces in correct order first
for p = 1 to 15
d(p) = p
next p
d(16) = 0 ' 0 = empty piece/slot
z = 16 ' z = empty position
print
print "Shuffling pieces";
for n = 1 to sh(level)
print ".";
do
x = int(rnd(0) * 4) + 1
select case x
case 1
r = z - 4
case 2
r = z + 4
case 3
if (z - 1) mod 4 <> 0 then
r = z - 1
end if
case 4
if z mod 4 <> 0 then
r = z + 1
end if
end select
loop while (r < 1) or (r > 16)
d(z) = d(r)
z = r
d(z) = 0
next n
cls
end sub
function isMoveValid(ax, byref ay, byref az)
mv = 0
if (ax >= 1) or (ax <= 15) then
' Find position of piece ax
p = 1
while d(p) <> ax
p = p + 1
if p > 16 then
print "UH OH!"
stop
end if
wend
ay = p
' Find position of empty piece
p = 1
while d(p) <> 0
p = p + 1
if p > 16 then
print "UH OH!"
stop
end if
wend
az = p
' Check if empty piece is above, below, left or right to piece x
if (ay - 4 = az) or _
(ay + 4 = az) or _
((ay - 1 = az) and (az mod 4 <> 0)) or _
((ay + 1 = az) and (ay mod 4 <> 0)) then
mv = 1
end if
end if
isMoveValid = mv
end function
function isPuzzleComplete()
pc = 0 p = 1 while (p < 16) and (d(p) = p) p = p + 1 wend if p = 16 then pc = 1 end if isPuzzleComplete = pc
end function </lang>
LiveCode
<lang liveCode>
- Please note that all this code can be performed in livecode with just few mouse clicks
- This is just a pure script exampe
on OpenStack
show me #Usually not necessary
#tile creation
set the width of the templateButton to 50
set the height of the templateButton to 50
repeat with i=1 to 16
create button
set the label of button i to i
if i =1 then
set the top of button 1 to 0
set the left of button 1 to 0
end if
if i > 1 and 1 <=4 then
set the left of button i to the right of button (i-1)
set the top of button i to the top of button 1
end if
if i >= 5 and i <= 8 then
set the top of button i to the bottom of button 1
if i = 5 then
set the left of button i to the left of button 1
else
set the left of button i to the right of button (i - 1)
end if
end if
if i >= 9 and i <= 12 then
set the top of button i to the bottom of button 5
if i = 9 then
set the left of button i to the left of button 1
else
set the left of button i to the right of button (i - 1)
end if
end if
if i >= 13 and i <= 16 then
set the top of button i to the bottom of button 9
if i = 13 then
set the left of button i to the left of button 1
else
set the left of button i to the right of button (i - 1)
end if
end if
#this is usally the script directly wirtten in the objects, it's really weird this way
put "on MouseUp" &CR& "if checkDistance(the label of me) then" & CR &"put the loc of me into temp" into ts
put CR& "set the loc of me to the loc of button 16" after ts
put CR& "set the loc of button 16 to temp" & Cr & "end if " &CR &"End MouseUp" after ts
set the script of button i to ts
end repeat
#graphic adjustements
set the visible of button 16 to false
set the width of this stack to the right of button 16
set the height of this stack to the bottom of button 16
end openStack
function checkDistance i
if (((the top of button i - the bottom of button 16) = 0 OR (the top of button 16 - the bottom of button i) = 0) AND the left of button i = the left of button 16) OR (((the left of button i - the right of button 16) = 0 OR (the right of button i - the left of button 16) = 0) AND the top of button i = the top of button 16) then
return true
else
return false
end if
end checkDistance </lang> Screenshot: [2]
![[2]](https://s24.postimg.org/uc6fx7kph/Livecode15_Puzzle_Game.png){kind=link}
Lua
<lang lua> math.randomseed( os.time() ) local puz = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 0 } local dir = { { 1, 0 }, { -1, 0 }, { 0, 1 }, { 0, -1 } } local sx, sy = 4, 4
function isValid( tx, ty )
return tx > 0 and tx < 5 and ty > 0 and ty < 5
end function display()
io.write( "\n\n" )
for j = 1, 4 do
io.write( "+----+----+----+----+\n" )
for i = 1, 4 do
local d = puz[i + j * 4 - 4]
io.write( ": " )
if d < 10 then io.write( " " ) end
if d < 1 then
io.write( " " )
else
io.write( string.format( "%d ", d ) )
end
end
io.write( ":\n" )
end
io.write( "+----+----+----+----+\n\n" )
end function getUserNove()
local moves, r, tx, ty = {}
for d = 1, 4 do
tx = sx; ty = sy
tx = tx + dir[d][1]; ty = ty + dir[d][2]
if isValid( tx, ty ) then
table.insert( moves, puz[tx + ty * 4 - 4] )
end
end
io.write( "Your possible moves are: " )
for i = 1, #moves do
io.write( string.format( "%d ", moves[i] ) )
end
io.write ( "\nYour move: " ); r = tonumber( io.read() )
if r ~= nil then
for i = 1, #moves do
if moves[i] == r then return r end
end
end
print( "Invalid move!" )
return -1
end function checked( r )
for i = 1, #puz do
if puz[i] == r then
puz[i] = 0
sx = 1 + ( i - 1 ) % 4; sy = math.floor( ( i + 3 ) / 4 )
elseif puz[i] == 0 then
puz[i] = r
end
end
for i = 2, #puz - 1 do
if puz[i - 1] + 1 ~= puz[i] then return false end
end
return true
end function beginGame()
local r, d, tx, ty
while( true ) do
for i = 1, 100 do
while( true ) do
tx = sx; ty = sy; d = math.random( 4 )
tx = tx + dir[d][1]; ty = ty + dir[d][2]
if isValid( tx, ty ) then break end
end
puz[sx + sy * 4 - 4] = puz[tx + ty * 4 - 4]
puz[tx + ty * 4 - 4] = 0; sx = tx; sy = ty
end
while( true ) do
display(); r = getUserNove()
if r > 0 then
if checked( r ) then
display()
io.write( "\nDone!\n\nPlay again (Y/N)?" )
r = io.read()
if r ~= "Y" and r ~= "y" then
return
else
break
end
end
end
end
end
end -- [ entry point ] -- beginGame() </lang>
- Output:
+----+----+----+----+ : 1 : 15 : 7 : 3 : +----+----+----+----+ : 14 : 9 : 2 : 4 : +----+----+----+----+ : 5 : 13 : : 10 : +----+----+----+----+ : 6 : 12 : 8 : 11 : +----+----+----+----+ Your possible moves are: 10 13 8 2 Your move:
M2000 Interpreter
I make a function RND() and I set Base for arrays to 1 Also I put some semi colons to Print statement Also I have to put variables after NEXT statements To be actual BASIC compatible we have to set FOR NEXT like BASIC, because for M2000 the direction defined by the starting-ending values, so always we get at least one time the block between FOR NEXT. So we can use:
SET SWITCHES "+FOR"
But here we don't have to skip FOR NEXT and no STEP clause used.
Also the code is not the best, because we can move from 4 position to 5 (we can't do that with real puzzle)
<lang M2000 Interpreter> Module Puzzle15 {
00 BASE 1 : DEF RND(X)=RND
10 REM 15-PUZZLE GAME
20 REM COMMODORE BASIC 2.0
30 REM ********************************
40 GOSUB 400 : REM INTRO AND LEVEL
50 GOSUB 510 : REM SETUP BOARD
60 GOSUB 210 : REM PRINT PUZZLE
70 PRINT "TO MOVE A PIECE, ENTER ITS NUMBER:"
80 INPUT X
90 GOSUB 730 : REM CHECK IF MOVE IS VALID
100 IF MV=0 THEN PRINT "WRONG MOVE" : GOSUB 1050 : GOTO 60
110 D(Z)=X : D(Y)=0
120 GOSUB 210 : REM PRINT PUZZLE
130 GOSUB 950 : REM CHECK IF PUZZLE COMPLETE
140 IF PC THEN 160
150 GOTO 70
160 PRINT"YOU WON!"
170 END
180 REM
190 REM *******************************
200 REM PRINT/DRAW THE PUZZLE
210 FOR P=1 TO 16
220 IF D(P)=0 THEN D$(P)=" " : GOTO 260
230 S$=STR$(D(P))
240 N=LEN(S$)
250 D$(P) = LEFT$(" ",3-N)+S$+" "
260 NEXT P
270 PRINT "+-----+-----+-----+-----+"
280 PRINT "!";D$(1);"!";D$(2);"!";D$(3);"!";D$(4);"!"
290 PRINT "+-----+-----+-----+-----+"
300 PRINT "!";D$(5);"!";D$(6);"!";D$(7);"!";D$(8);"!"
310 PRINT "+-----+-----+-----+-----+"
320 PRINT "!";D$(9);"!";D$(10);"!";D$(11);"!";D$(12);"!"
330 PRINT "+-----+-----+-----+-----+"
340 PRINT "!";D$(13);"!";D$(14);"!";D$(15);"!";D$(16);"!"
350 PRINT "+-----+-----+-----+-----+"
360 RETURN
370 REM
380 REM *******************************
390 REM INTRO AND LEVEL OF DIFFICULTY
400 PRINT CHR$(147)
410 DIM SH(3) : SH(1)=10 : SH(2)=50 : SH(3)=100
420 PRINT "15 PUZZLE GAME FOR COMMODORE BASIC 2.0" : PRINT : PRINT
430 PRINT "PLEASE ENTER LEVEL OF DIFFICULTY,"
440 PRINT "1(EASY), 2(MEDIUM) OR 3(HARD):";
450 INPUT V
460 IF V<1 OR V>3 THEN 440
470 RETURN
480 REM
490 REM *******************************
500 REM BUILD THE BOARD
510 DIM D(16) : DIM D$(16) : REM BOARD PIECES
520 REM SET PIECES IN CORRECT ORDER FIRST
530 FOR P=1 TO 15
540 D(P) = P
550 NEXT P
560 D(16) = 0 : REM 0 = EMPTY PIECE/SLOT
570 Z=16 : REM Z = EMPTY POSITION
580 PRINT: PRINT "SHUFFLING PIECES";
590 FOR N=1 TO SH(V)
600 PRINT".";
610 X = INT(RND(0)*4)+1
620 R = Z+(X=1)*4-(X=2)*4+(X=3)-(X=4)
630 IF R<1 OR R>16 THEN 610
640 D(Z)=D(R)
650 Z=R
660 D(Z)=0
670 NEXT N
680 PRINT CHR$(147)
690 RETURN
700 REM
710 REM *******************************
720 REM CHECK IF MOVE IS VALID
730 MV = 0
740 IF X<1 OR X>15 THEN RETURN
750 REM FIND POSITION OF PIECE X
760 P=1
770 IF D(P)=X THEN Y=P : GOTO 810
780 P=P+1 : IF P>16 THEN PRINT "UH OH!" : STOP
790 GOTO 770
800 REM FIND POSITION OF EMPTY PIECE
810 P=1
820 IF D(P)=0 THEN Z=P : GOTO 860
830 P=P+1 : IF P>16 THEN PRINT "UH OH!" : STOP
840 GOTO 820
850 PRINT Y;Z
860 REM CHECK IF EMPTY PIECE IS ABOVE, BELOW, LEFT OR RIGHT TO PIECE X
870 IF Y-4=Z THEN MV=1 : RETURN
880 IF Y+4=Z THEN MV=1 : RETURN
890 IF Y-1=Z THEN MV=1 : RETURN
900 IF Y+1=Z THEN MV=1 : RETURN
910 RETURN
920 REM
930 REM *******************************
940 REM CHECK IF PUZZLE IS COMPLETE / GAME OVER
950 PC = 0
960 P=1
970 IF D(P)<>P THEN RETURN
980 P=P+1
990 IF P<16 THEN 970
1000 PC = 1
1010 RETURN
1020 REM
1030 REM ******************************
1040 REM A SMALL DELAY
1050 FOR T=0 TO 400
1060 NEXT T
1070 RETURN
} Puzzle15 </lang>
Mercury
The ideal in Mercury is to have a declarative module that encodes the game logic, and then separate modules to implement a human player with text commands (here), or keyed commands, or some kind of AI player, and so on. fifteen.print/3 is a arguably a smudge on fifteen's interface:
<lang Mercury>:- module fifteen.
- - interface.
- - use_module random, io.
- - type board.
- - type invalid_board
---> invalid_board(board).
- - type move
---> up ; down ; left ; right.
% init(Board): % Board is fifteen game in its initial state %
- - pred init(board::out) is det.
% print(Board, !IO)
- - pred print(board::in, io.io::di, io.io::uo) is det.
% Shuffled(Board, !RS): % Board is a fifteen game in a random (but valid) state. %
- - pred shuffled(board::out, random.supply::mdi, random.supply::muo) is det.
% space(Board) = I: % I is the index of the blank space in the board. % Throws invalid_board iff there is no blank. %
- - func space(board) = int.
% move(Move, !Board): % Move the blank space in a board in the given direction. % Fails if this is an invalid move to make. %
- - pred move(move::in, board::in, board::out) is semidet.
- - implementation.
- - import_module bt_array, int, list, string.
- - use_module array, exception.
- - type board == bt_array(int).
init(B) :- from_list(0, (1 .. 15) ++ [0], B).
print(B, !IO) :-
Tile = (func(N) = ( if N = 0 then s(" ") else s(string.format("%2d", [i(N)])) )),
io.format("\
|----+----+----+----| | %s | %s | %s | %s | | %s | %s | %s | %s | | %s | %s | %s | %s | | %s | %s | %s | %s | |----+----+----+----| ",
map(Tile, to_list(B)), !IO).
shuffled(!:B, !RS) :-
init(!:B),
some [!A] (
array.from_list(to_list(!.B), !:A),
array.random_permutation(!A, !RS),
from_list(0, array.to_list(!.A), !:B)
).
space(Board) = I :- space(0, Board, I).
- - pred space(int::in, board::in, int::out) is det.
space(N, Board, I) :-
( if semidet_lookup(Board, N, X) then
( if X = 0 then
N = I
else
space(N + 1, Board, I)
)
else
exception.throw(invalid_board(Board))
).
- - pred swap(int::in, int::in, board::in, board::out) is det.
swap(I, J, !B) :-
X = !.B ^ elem(I), Y = !.B ^ elem(J), !B ^ elem(I) := Y, !B ^ elem(J) := X.
move(M, !B) :- move(space(!.B), M, !B).
- - pred move(int::in, move::in, board::in, board::out) is semidet.
move(I, up, !B) :-
I >= 4, swap(I, I - 4, !B).
move(I, down, !B) :-
I < 12, swap(I, I + 4, !B).
move(I, left, !B) :-
not (I = 0 ; I = 4 ; I = 8 ; I = 12), swap(I, I - 1, !B).
move(I, right, !B) :-
not (I = 3 ; I = 7 ; I = 11 ; I = 15), swap(I, I + 1, !B).</lang>
As used:
<lang Mercury>:- module play_fifteen.
- - interface.
- - import_module io.
- - pred main(io::di, io::uo) is det.
- - implementation.
- - import_module string.
- - use_module random, fifteen, exception.
main(!IO) :-
seed(Seed, !IO), random.init(Seed, RS), fifteen.shuffled(Board, RS, _), fifteen.print(Board, !IO), play(Board, !IO).
- - type input_command
---> up ; down ; left ; right ; quit.
- - type command
---> move(fifteen.move) ; quit.
- - pred input(input_command::in, command::out) is det.
input(up, move(fifteen.up)). input(down, move(fifteen.down)). input(left, move(fifteen.left)). input(right, move(fifteen.right)). input(quit, quit).
- - pred command(string::in, command::out) is semidet.
command(String, C) :-
Term = chomp(String) ++ ".",
io.read_from_string("play_fifteen", Term, length(Term),
ok(I), io.posn(0, 0, 0), _),
input(I, C).
- - pred play(fifteen.board::in, io::di, io::uo) is det.
play(!.B, !IO) :-
io.write_string("Move? ", !IO),
io.read_line_as_string(Res, !IO),
(
Res = eof
;
Res = error(_),
exception.throw(Res)
;
Res = ok(String),
( if command(String, Command) then
(
Command = quit,
io.write_string("Bye :(\n", !IO)
;
Command = move(Move),
( if fifteen.move(Move, !B) then
( if fifteen.init(!.B) then
fifteen.print(!.B, !IO),
io.write_string("You win!\n", !IO)
else
fifteen.print(!.B, !IO),
play(!.B, !IO)
)
else
io.write_string("Invalid move.\n", !IO),
play(!.B, !IO)
)
)
else
io.write_string("I didn't understand that.\n", !IO),
play(!.B, !IO)
)
).
- - pragma foreign_decl("C", "#include <time.h>").
- - pred seed(int::out, io::di, io::uo) is det.
- - pragma foreign_proc("C",
seed(Seed::out, _IO0::di, _IO::uo), [promise_pure, will_not_call_mercury],
"
Seed = time(NULL);
").</lang>
MUMPS
15Game ;
; setting the layout
f i=1:1:15 s box(i)=16-i
; no number for box 16
s box(16)=""
f {
; initialise i for incrementation
s i=0
; write out the 4-by-4 box
f row=1:1:4 {
w !?20
f column=1:1:4 {
s i=$i(i)
w $j(box(i),2)," "
}
}
r !!,"Enter number to move (q to quit): ",number
q:number="q"
f i=1:1:16 q:box(i)=""
if box(i)="" {
if i>4,number=box(i-4) {
s box(i)=number,box(i-4)=""
w !!
}
elseif i>1,i'=5,i'=9,i'=13,number=box(i-1) {
s box(i)=number,box(i-1)=""
w !!
}
elseif i<16,i'=4,i'=8,i'=12,number=box(i+1) {
s box(i)=number,box(i+1)=""
w !!
}
elseif i<13,number=box(i+4) {
s box(i)=number,box(i+4)=""
w !!
}
else {
w !,"You have to enter a number either above, below, left or right of the empty space."
}
}
}
q
Nim
<lang nim>import random, strutils
type
Tile = uint8 Board = array[16, Tile]
proc generateBoard: Board =
for i in 1..15:
while true:
let pos = rand 15
if result[pos] == 0:
result[pos] = i.Tile
break
func isSolved(board: Board): bool =
for i in 0..<board.high:
if i != board[i].int - 1:
return false
true
func findTile(b: Board, n: Tile): int =
for i in 0..b.high:
if b[i] == n:
return i
func canSwap(a, b: int): bool =
let dist = a - b dist == 4 or dist == -4 or (dist == 1 and a mod 4 != 0) or (dist == -1 and b mod 4 != 0)
func pad(i: Tile): string =
if i == 0: "| " elif i < 10: "| " & $i else: "|" & $i
proc draw(b: Board) =
echo "+--+--+--+--+\n",
b[0].pad, b[1].pad, b[2].pad, b[3].pad,
"|\n+--+--+--+--+\n",
b[4].pad, b[5].pad, b[6].pad, b[7].pad,
"|\n+--+--+--+--+\n",
b[8].pad, b[9].pad, b[10].pad, b[11].pad,
"|\n+--+--+--+--+\n",
b[12].pad, b[13].pad, b[14].pad, b[15].pad,
"|\n+--+--+--+--+"
when isMainModule:
randomize()
var
board = generateBoard()
empty = board.findTile 0
while not isSolved board:
draw board
stdout.write "Choose tile to move: "
let
num = stdin.readLine.parseInt.Tile
pos = board.findTile num
if num < 16'u8 and num > 0'u8 and canSwap(empty, pos):
swap board[empty], board[pos]
empty = pos
else: echo "Incorrect tile"
draw board
echo "Puzzle solved"</lang>
- Output:
+--+--+--+--+ | 3| 7|10| 4| +--+--+--+--+ | 5| | 6|11| +--+--+--+--+ |12| 8|15| 1| +--+--+--+--+ | 9|14|13| 2| +--+--+--+--+ Choose tile to move: 6 +--+--+--+--+ | 3| 7|10| 4| +--+--+--+--+ | 5| 6| |11| +--+--+--+--+ |12| 8|15| 1| +--+--+--+--+ | 9|14|13| 2| +--+--+--+--+
OCaml
<lang ocaml>module Puzzle = struct
type t = int array
let make () =
[| 15; (* 0: the empty space *)
0; 1; 2; 3;
4; 5; 6; 7;
8; 9; 10; 11;
12; 13; 14; |]
let move p n = let hole, i = p.(0), p.(n) in p.(0) <- i; p.(n) <- hole
let print p =
let out = Array.make 16 " " in
for i = 1 to 15 do
out.(p.(i)) <- Printf.sprintf " %2d" i
done;
for i = 0 to 15 do
if (i mod 4) = 0 then print_newline ();
print_string out.(i);
done
let shuffle p n =
for i = 1 to n do
move p (1 + Random.int 15)
done
end
let play () =
let p = Puzzle.make () in Puzzle.shuffle p 20; while true do Puzzle.print p; print_string " > "; Puzzle.move p (read_line () |> int_of_string) done</lang>
To move, input the number to slide into the blank. If you accidentally make an impossible move you can undo it by repeating the last input. A nice self-checked puzzle, the same as if you were physically moving the pieces around.
- Output:
# play ();;
8 11 7 13
3 6 15
9 10 12 4
1 5 14 2 > 6
8 11 7 13
3 6 15
9 10 12 4
1 5 14 2 > 11
8 7 13
3 11 6 15
9 10 12 4
1 5 14 2 > 8
8 7 13
3 11 6 15
9 10 12 4
1 5 14 2 > 3
3 8 7 13
11 6 15
9 10 12 4
1 5 14 2 > 11
3 8 7 13
11 6 15
9 10 12 4
1 5 14 2 > 8
3 7 13
11 8 6 15
9 10 12 4
1 5 14 2 > 3
3 7 13
11 8 6 15
9 10 12 4
1 5 14 2 >
Pascal
This is Free Pascal(version >= 3.0.4) text mode implementation. To make a move, the user needs to enter the number of the selected tile. <lang Pascal> program fifteen; {$mode objfpc} {$modeswitch advancedrecords} {$coperators on} uses
SysUtils, crt;
type
TPuzzle = record private const ROW_COUNT = 4; COL_COUNT = 4; CELL_COUNT = ROW_COUNT * COL_COUNT; RAND_RANGE = 101; type TTile = 0..Pred(CELL_COUNT); TAdjacentCell = (acLeft, acTop, acRight, acBottom); TPossibleMoves = set of TTile; TCellAdjacency = set of TAdjacentCell; TBoard = array[0..Pred(CELL_COUNT)] of TTile; class var HBar: string; var FBoard: TBoard; FZeroPos, FMoveCount: Integer; FZeroAdjacency: TCellAdjacency; FPossibleMoves: TPossibleMoves; FSolved: Boolean; procedure DoMove(aTile: TTile); procedure CheckPossibleMoves; procedure PrintBoard; procedure PrintPossibleMoves; procedure TestSolved; procedure GenerateBoard; class constructor Init; public procedure New; function UserMoved: Boolean; property MoveCount: Integer read FMoveCount; property Solved: Boolean read FSolved; end;
procedure TPuzzle.DoMove(aTile: TTile); var
Pos: Integer = -1; Adj: TAdjacentCell;
begin
for Adj in FZeroAdjacency do
begin
case Adj of
acLeft: Pos := Pred(FZeroPos);
acTop: Pos := FZeroPos - COL_COUNT;
acRight: Pos := Succ(FZeroPos);
acBottom: Pos := FZeroPos + COL_COUNT;
end;
if FBoard[Pos] = aTile then
break;
end;
FBoard[FZeroPos] := aTile;
FZeroPos := Pos;
FBoard[Pos] := 0;
end;
procedure TPuzzle.CheckPossibleMoves; var
Row, Col: Integer;
begin
Row := FZeroPos div COL_COUNT;
Col := FZeroPos mod COL_COUNT;
FPossibleMoves := [];
FZeroAdjacency := [];
if Row > 0 then
begin
FPossibleMoves += [FBoard[FZeroPos - COL_COUNT]];
FZeroAdjacency += [acTop];
end;
if Row < Pred(ROW_COUNT) then
begin
FPossibleMoves += [FBoard[FZeroPos + COL_COUNT]];
FZeroAdjacency += [acBottom];
end;
if Col > 0 then
begin
FPossibleMoves += [FBoard[Pred(FZeroPos)]];
FZeroAdjacency += [acLeft];
end;
if Col < Pred(COL_COUNT) then
begin
FPossibleMoves += [FBoard[Succ(FZeroPos)]];
FZeroAdjacency += [acRight];
end;
end;
procedure TPuzzle.PrintBoard; const
Space = ' '; VBar = '|'; VBar1 = '| '; VBar2 = '| '; VBar3 = '| ';
var
I, J, Pos, Tile: Integer; Row: string;
begin
ClrScr;
Pos := 0;
WriteLn(HBar);
for I := 1 to ROW_COUNT do
begin
Row := ;
for J := 1 to COL_COUNT do
begin
Tile := Integer(FBoard[Pos]);
case Tile of
0: Row += VBar3;
1..9: Row += VBar2 + Tile.ToString + Space;
else
Row += VBar1 + Tile.ToString + Space;
end;
Inc(Pos);
end;
WriteLn(Row + VBar);
WriteLn(HBar);
end;
if not Solved then
PrintPossibleMoves;
end;
procedure TPuzzle.PrintPossibleMoves; var
pm: TTile; spm: string = ;
begin
for pm in FPossibleMoves do
spm += Integer(pm).ToString + ' ';
WriteLn('possible moves: ', spm);
end;
procedure TPuzzle.TestSolved;
function IsSolved: Boolean;
var
I: Integer;
begin
for I := 0 to CELL_COUNT - 3 do
if FBoard[I] <> Pred(FBoard[Succ(I)]) then
exit(False);
Result := True;
end;
begin
FSolved := IsSolved; if not Solved then CheckPossibleMoves;
end;
procedure TPuzzle.GenerateBoard; var
I, CurrMove, SelMove: Integer; Tile: TTile;
begin
FZeroPos := Pred(CELL_COUNT);
FBoard[FZeroPos] := 0;
for I := 0 to CELL_COUNT - 2 do
FBoard[I] := Succ(I);
for I := 1 to Random(RAND_RANGE) do
begin
CheckPossibleMoves;
SelMove := 0;
for Tile in FPossibleMoves do
Inc(SelMove);
SelMove := Random(SelMove);
CurrMove := 0;
for Tile in FPossibleMoves do
begin
if CurrMove = SelMove then
begin
DoMove(Tile);
break;
end;
Inc(CurrMove);
end;
end;
end;
class constructor TPuzzle.Init; var
I: Integer;
begin
HBar := ; for I := 1 to COL_COUNT do HBar += '+----'; HBar += '+';
end;
procedure TPuzzle.New; begin
FSolved := False; FMoveCount := 0; GenerateBoard; CheckPossibleMoves; PrintBoard;
end;
function TPuzzle.UserMoved: Boolean; const
Sorry = 'sorry, '; InvalidInput = ' is invalid input'; ImpossibleMove = ' is impossible move';
var
UserInput: string; Tile: Integer = 0;
begin
ReadLn(UserInput);
case LowerCase(UserInput) of
'c', 'cancel': exit(False);
end;
Result := True;
if not Tile.TryParse(UserInput, Tile) then
begin
WriteLn(Sorry, UserInput, InvalidInput);
exit;
end;
if not (Tile in [1..Pred(CELL_COUNT)]) then
begin
WriteLn(Sorry, Tile, InvalidInput);
exit;
end;
if not (Tile in FPossibleMoves) then
begin
WriteLn(Sorry, Tile, ImpossibleMove);
PrintPossibleMoves;
exit;
end;
DoMove(Tile);
Inc(FMoveCount);
TestSolved;
PrintBoard;
end;
procedure PrintStart; begin
ClrScr;
WriteLn('Fifteen puzzle start:');
WriteLn(' enter a tile number and press <enter> to move' );
WriteLn(' enter Cancel(C) and press <enter> to exit' );
Window(10, 4, 58, 21);
end;
procedure Terminate; begin
ClrScr;
Window(1, 1, 80, 25);
ClrScr;
WriteLn('Fifteen puzzle exit.');
Halt;
end;
function UserWantContinue(aMoveCount: Integer): Boolean; var
UserInput: string;
begin
WriteLn('Congratulations! Puzzle solved in ', aMoveCount, ' moves.');
WriteLn('Play again(Yes(Y)/<any button>)?');
ReadLn(UserInput);
case LowerCase(UserInput) of
'y', 'yes': exit(True);
end;
Result := False;
end;
procedure Run; var
Puzzle: TPuzzle;
begin
Randomize;
PrintStart;
repeat
Puzzle.New;
while not Puzzle.Solved do
if not Puzzle.UserMoved then
Terminate;
if not UserWantContinue(Puzzle.MoveCount) then
Terminate;
until False;
end;
begin
Run;
end. </lang>
Perl
Tk version
This Tk 15 puzzle implementation also shows the solvability of the current puzzle and the relative difficulty of it. On verbosity shows how the solvability is calculated. The program has some extra feature like font size and color scheme but also the possibility to set the intial board disposition. This program was originally posted by me at perlmonks <lang perl>
use strict; use warnings;
use Getopt::Long; use List::Util 1.29 qw(shuffle pairmap first all); use Tk;
# 5 options 1 label text
my ($verbose,@fixed,$nocolor,$charsize,$extreme,$solvability);
unless (GetOptions (
'verbose!' => \$verbose,
'tiles|positions=i{16}' => \@fixed,
'nocolor' => \$nocolor,
'charsize|size|c|s=i' => \$charsize,
'extreme|x|perl' => \$extreme,
)
) { die "invalid arguments!";}
@fixed = &check_req_pos(@fixed) if @fixed;
my $mw = Tk::MainWindow->new(-bg=>'black',-title=>'Giuoco del 15');
if ($nocolor){ $mw->optionAdd( '*Button.background', 'ivory' );}
$mw->optionAdd('*Button.font', 'Courier '.($charsize or 16).' bold' ); $mw->bind('<Control-s>', sub{#&init_board;
&shuffle_board});
my $top_frame = $mw->Frame( -borderwidth => 2, -relief => 'groove',
)->pack(-expand => 1, -fill => 'both');
$top_frame->Label( -textvariable=>\$solvability,
)->pack(-expand => 1, -fill => 'both');
my $game_frame = $mw->Frame( -background=>'saddlebrown',
-borderwidth => 10, -relief => 'groove',
)->pack(-expand => 1, -fill => 'both');
- set victory conditions in pairs of coordinates
my @vic_cond = pairmap {
[$a,$b]
} qw(0 0 0 1 0 2 0 3
1 0 1 1 1 2 1 3
2 0 2 1 2 2 2 3
3 0 3 1 3 2 3 3);
my $board = [];
my $victorious = 0;
&init_board;
if ( $extreme ){ &extreme_perl}
&shuffle_board;
MainLoop;
sub init_board{
# tiles from 1 to 15
for (0..14){
$$board[$_]={
btn=>$game_frame->Button(
-text => $_+1,
-relief => 'raised',
-borderwidth => 3,
-height => 2,
-width => 4,
-background=>$nocolor?'ivory':'gold1',
-activebackground => $nocolor?'ivory':'gold1',
-foreground=> $nocolor?'black':'DarkRed',
-activeforeground=>$nocolor?'black':'DarkRed'
),
name => $_+1, # x and y set by shuffle_board
};
if (($_+1) =~ /^(2|4|5|7|10|12|13|15)$/ and !$nocolor){
$$board[$_]{btn}->configure(
-background=>'DarkRed',
-activebackground => 'DarkRed',
-foreground=> 'gold1',
-activeforeground=>'gold1'
);
}
}
# empty tile
$$board[15]={
btn=>$game_frame->Button(
-relief => 'sunken',
-borderwidth => 3,
-background => 'lavender',
-height => 2,
-width => 4,
),
name => 16, # x and y set by shuffle_board
};
}
sub shuffle_board{
if ($victorious){
$victorious=0;
&init_board;
}
if (@fixed){
my $index = 0;
foreach my $tile(@$board[@fixed]){
my $xy = $vic_cond[$index];
($$tile{x},$$tile{y}) = @$xy;
$$tile{btn}->grid(-row=>$$xy[0], -column=> $$xy[1]);
$$tile{btn}->configure(-command =>[\&move,$$xy[0],$$xy[1]]);
$index++;
}
undef @fixed;
}
else{
my @valid = shuffle (0..15);
foreach my $tile ( @$board ){
my $xy = $vic_cond[shift @valid];
($$tile{x},$$tile{y}) = @$xy;
$$tile{btn}->grid(-row=>$$xy[0], -column=> $$xy[1]);
$$tile{btn}->configure(-command => [ \&move, $$xy[0], $$xy[1] ]);
}
}
my @appear = map {$_->{name}==16?'X':$_->{name}}
sort{$$a{x}<=>$$b{x}||$$a{y}<=>$$b{y}}@$board;
print "\n".('-' x 57)."\n".
"Appearence of the board:\n[@appear]\n".
('-' x 57)."\n".
"current\tfollowers\t less than current\n".
('-' x 57)."\n" if $verbose;
# remove the, from now on inutile, 'X' for the empty space
@appear = grep{$_ ne 'X'} @appear;
my $permutation;
foreach my $num (0..$#appear){
last if $num == $#appear;
my $perm;
$perm += grep {$_ < $appear[$num]} @appear[$num+1..$#appear];
if ($verbose){
print "[$appear[$num]]\t@appear[$num+1..$#appear]".
(" " x (37 - length "@appear[$num+1..$#appear]")).
"\t $perm ".($num == $#appear - 1 ? '=' : '+')."\n";
}
$permutation+=$perm;
}
print +(' ' x 50)."----\n" if $verbose;
if ($permutation % 2){
print "Impossible game with odd permutations!".(' ' x 13).
"$permutation\n"if $verbose;
$solvability = "Impossible game with odd permutations [$permutation]\n".
"(ctrl-s to shuffle)".
(($verbose or $extreme) ? :
" run with --verbose to see more info");
return;
}
# 105 is the max permutation
my $diff = $permutation == 0 ? 'SOLVED' :
$permutation < 35 ? 'EASY ' :
$permutation < 70 ? 'MEDIUM' : 'HARD ';
print "$diff game with even permutations".(' ' x 17).
"$permutation\n" if $verbose;
$solvability = "$diff game with permutation parity of [$permutation]\n".
"(ctrl-s to shuffle)";
}
sub move{
# original x and y
my ($ox, $oy) = @_;
my $self = first{$_->{x} == $ox and $_->{y} == $oy} @$board;
return if $$self{name}==16;
# check if one in n,s,e,o is the empty one
my $empty = first {$_->{name} == 16 and
( ($_->{x}==$ox-1 and $_->{y}==$oy) or
($_->{x}==$ox+1 and $_->{y}==$oy) or
($_->{x}==$ox and $_->{y}==$oy-1) or
($_->{x}==$ox and $_->{y}==$oy+1)
)
} @$board;
return unless $empty;
# empty x and y
my ($ex,$ey) = ($$empty{x},$$empty{y});
# reconfigure emtpy tile
$$empty{btn}->grid(-row => $ox, -column => $oy);
$$empty{x}=$ox; $$empty{y}=$oy;
# reconfigure pressed tile
$$self{btn}->grid(-row => $ex, -column => $ey);
$$self{btn}->configure(-command => [ \&move, $ex, $ey ]);
$$self{x}=$ex; $$self{y}=$ey;
# check for victory if the empty one is at the bottom rigth tile (3,3)
&check_win if $$empty{x} == 3 and $$empty{y} == 3;
}
sub check_win{
foreach my $pos (0..$#$board){
return unless ( $$board[$pos]->{'x'} == $vic_cond[$pos]->[0] and
$$board[$pos]->{'y'} == $vic_cond[$pos]->[1]);
}
# victory!
$victorious = 1;
my @text = ('Dis','ci','pu','lus','15th',,,'at',
'P','e','r','l','M','o','n','ks*');
foreach my $tile(@$board){
$$tile{btn}->configure( -text=> shift @text,
-command=>sub{return});
$mw->update;
sleep 1;
}
}
sub check_req_pos{
my @wanted = @_;
# fix @wanted: seems GetOptions does not die if more elements are passed
@wanted = @wanted[0..15];
my @check = (1..16);
unless ( all {$_ == shift @check} sort {$a<=>$b} @wanted ){
die "tiles must be from 1 to 16 (empty tile)\nyou passed [@wanted]\n";
}
return map {$_-1} @wanted;
}
sub extreme_perl {
$verbose = 0;
$mw->optionAdd('*font', 'Courier 20 bold');
my @extreme = (
'if $0', #1
"\$_=\n()=\n\"foo\"=~/o/g", #2
"use warnings;\n\$^W ?\nint((length\n'Discipulus')/3)\n:'15'", #3
"length \$1\nif \$^X=~\n\/(?:\\W)(\\w*)\n(?:\\.exe)\$\/", #4
"use Config;\n\$Config{baserev}", #5.
"(split ,\nvec('JAPH'\n,1,8))[0]", #6
"scalar map\n{ord(\$_)=~/1/g}\nqw(p e r l)", #7
"\$_ = () =\n'J A P H'\n=~\/\\b\/g", # 8
"eval join '+',\nsplit ,\n(substr\n'12345',3,2)", #9
'printf \'%b\',2', #10
"int(((1+sqrt(5))\n/ 2)** 7 /\nsqrt(5)+0.5)-2", #11
"split ,\nunpack('V',\n01234567))\n[6,4]", # 12
'J','A','P','H' # 13..16
);
foreach (0..15){
$$board[$_]{btn}->configure(-text=> $extreme[$_],
-height => 8,
-width => 16, ) if $extreme[$_];
} @fixed = qw(0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15); $mw->after(5000,\&shuffle_board);#
}
</lang>
console version
This short console program just poses solvable puzzles: it achieves this shuffling a solved board n times, where n defaults to 1000 but can be passed as first argument of the program in the command line. It was originally posted by me at perlmonks but here a little modification was inserted to prevent wrong numbers to make the board messy. <lang perl> use strict; use warnings;
use List::Util qw(shuffle first); my @tbl = ([1,2,3,4],[5,6,7,8],[9,10,11,12],[13,14,15,16]); my $e = [3,3]; for (1..$ARGV[0]||1000) {
my $new = (shuffle &ad($e))[0]; $tbl[$e->[0]][$e->[1]] = $tbl[$new->[0]][$new->[1]]; $tbl[$new->[0]]->[$new->[1]] = 16; $e = [$new->[0],$new->[1]];
} while(1){
print +(join ' ',map{$_==16?' ':sprintf '%02s',$_}@{$tbl[$_]}),"\n" for 0..3;
my $m = <STDIN>;
chomp $m;
die "Enter a number to move!" unless $m;
if ($m > 15){
warn "$m not in the board! Enter a tile from 1 to 15\n"; next;
}
my $tile=first{$tbl[$$_[0]]->[$$_[1]]==$m}map{[$_,0],[$_,1],[$_,2],[$_,3]}0..3;
my $new=first{$tbl[$$_[0]]->[$$_[1]]==16}&ad(grep{$tbl[$$_[0]]->[$$_[1]]==$m}
map {[$_,0],[$_,1],[$_,2],[$_,3]}0..3);
if ($new){$tbl[$$new[0]][$$new[1]]=$m;$tbl[$$tile[0]][$$tile[1]]=16;}
system ($^O eq 'MSWin32' ? 'cls' : 'clear');
} sub ad{
my $e = shift; grep {$_->[0]<4 && $_->[1]<4 && $_->[0]>-1 && $_->[1]>-1}
[$$e[0]-1,$$e[1]],[$$e[0]+1,$$e[1]],[$$e[0],$$e[1]-1],[$$e[0],$$e[1]+1]
} </lang>
Perl 6
Most of this is interface code. Reused substantial portions from the 2048 task. Use the arrow keys to slide tiles, press 'q' to quit or 'n' for a new puzzle. Requires a POSIX termios aware terminal. Ensures that the puzzle is solvable by shuffling the board with an even number of swaps, then checking for even taxicab parity for the empty space. <lang perl6>use Term::termios;
constant $saved = Term::termios.new(fd => 1).getattr; constant $termios = Term::termios.new(fd => 1).getattr;
- raw mode interferes with carriage returns, so
- set flags needed to emulate it manually
$termios.unset_iflags(<BRKINT ICRNL ISTRIP IXON>); $termios.unset_lflags(< ECHO ICANON IEXTEN ISIG>); $termios.setattr(:DRAIN);
- reset terminal to original setting on exit
END { $saved.setattr(:NOW) }
constant n = 4; # board size constant cell = 6; # cell width
constant $top = join '─' x cell, '┌', '┬' xx n-1, '┐'; constant $mid = join '─' x cell, '├', '┼' xx n-1, '┤'; constant $bot = join '─' x cell, '└', '┴' xx n-1, '┘';
my %dir = (
"\e[A" => 'up', "\e[B" => 'down', "\e[C" => 'right', "\e[D" => 'left',
);
my @solved = [1,2,3,4],[5,6,7,8],[9,10,11,12],[13,14,15,' ']; my @board; new();
sub new () {
loop {
@board = shuffle();
last if parity-ok(@board);
}
}
sub parity-ok (@b) {
my $row = @b.first(/' '/,:k); my $col = @b[$row].first(/' '/,:k); so ([3,3] <<->> [$row,$col]).sum %% 2;
}
sub shuffle () {
my @c = [1,2,3,4],[5,6,7,8],[9,10,11,12],[13,14,15,' '];
for (^16).pick(*) -> $y, $x {
my ($yd, $ym, $xd, $xm) = ($y div n, $y mod n, $x div n, $x mod n);
my $temp = @c[$ym;$yd];
@c[$ym;$yd] = @c[$xm;$xd];
@c[$xm;$xd] = $temp;
}
@c;
}
sub row (@row) { '│' ~ (join '│', @row».¢er) ~ '│' }
sub center ($s){
my $c = cell - $s.chars;
my $pad = ' ' x ceiling($c/2);
sprintf "%{cell}s", "$s$pad";
}
sub draw-board {
run('clear');
print qq:to/END/;
Press direction arrows to move.
Press q to quit. Press n for a new puzzle.
$top { join "\n\t$mid\n\t", map { .&row }, @board } $bot
{ (so @board ~~ @solved) ?? 'Solved!!' !! } END }
sub slide (@c is copy) {
my $t = (grep { /' '/ }, :k, @c)[0];
return @c unless $t and $t > 0;
@c[$t,$t-1] = @c[$t-1,$t];
@c;
}
proto sub move (|) {*};
multi move('up') {
map { @board[*;$_] = reverse slide reverse @board[*;$_] }, ^n;
}
multi move('down') {
map { @board[*;$_] = slide @board[*;$_] }, ^n;
}
multi move('left') {
map { @board[$_] = reverse slide reverse @board[$_] }, ^n;
}
multi move('right') {
map { @board[$_] = slide @board[$_] }, ^n;
}
loop {
draw-board;
# Read up to 4 bytes from keyboard buffer. # Page navigation keys are 3-4 bytes each. # Specifically, arrow keys are 3. my $key = $*IN.read(4).decode;
move %dir{$key} if so %dir{$key};
last if $key eq 'q'; # (q)uit
new() if $key eq 'n';
}</lang> Sample screen shot:
Press direction arrows to move. Press q to quit. Press n for a new puzzle. ┌──────┬──────┬──────┬──────┐ │ 2 │ 1 │ 10 │ 14 │ ├──────┼──────┼──────┼──────┤ │ 15 │ 11 │ 12 │ │ ├──────┼──────┼──────┼──────┤ │ 13 │ 3 │ 6 │ 7 │ ├──────┼──────┼──────┼──────┤ │ 9 │ 4 │ 5 │ 8 │ └──────┴──────┴──────┴──────┘
Phix
Kept simple. Obviously, increase the 5 random moves for more of a challenge. <lang Phix>constant ESC=27, UP=328, LEFT=331, RIGHT=333, DOWN=336 sequence board = tagset(15)&0, solve = board integer pos = 16
procedure print_board()
for i=1 to length(board) do
puts(1,iff(i=pos?" ":sprintf("%3d",{board[i]})))
if mod(i,4)=0 then puts(1,"\n") end if
end for
puts(1,"\n")
end procedure
procedure move(integer d)
integer new_pos = pos+{+4,+1,-1,-4}[d]
if new_pos>=1 and new_pos<=16
and (mod(pos,4)=mod(new_pos,4) -- same col, or row:
or floor((pos-1)/4)=floor((new_pos-1)/4)) then
{board[pos],board[new_pos]} = {board[new_pos],0}
pos = new_pos
end if
end procedure
for i=1 to 5 do move(rand(4)) end for while 1 do
print_board()
if board=solve then exit end if
integer c = find(wait_key(),{ESC,UP,LEFT,RIGHT,DOWN})-1
if c=0 then exit end if
move(c)
end while puts(1,"solved!\n")</lang>
- Output:
1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 7 11 13 14 15 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 7 11 13 14 15 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 13 14 15 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 13 14 15 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 solved!
PureBasic
Console version. All Puzzles are solvable. #Difficulty is the number of shuffle (default 10). Numbers are displayed in Hexadecimal (ie 1 to F) Default controls are u,d,l,r <lang PureBasic>
- difficulty=10 ;higher is harder
- up="u"
- down="d"
- left="l"
- right="r"
OpenConsole("15 game"):EnableGraphicalConsole(1) Global Dim Game.i(3,3) Global hole.point
Procedure NewBoard()
num.i=0
For j=0 To 3
For i=0 To 3
Game(i,j)=num
num+1
Next i
Next j
EndProcedure Procedure.s displayBoard()
For j=0 To 3
For i=0 To 3
ConsoleLocate(i,j)
If Game(i,j)=0:Print(" "):Continue:EndIf
Print(Hex(Game(i,j)))
Next i
Next j
PrintN("")
Print("Your Choice Up :"+#up+", Down :"+#down+", Left :"+#left+" Or Right :"+#right+" ")
Repeat
keypress$=Inkey()
Until keypress$<>""
keypress$=LCase(keypress$)
ProcedureReturn keypress$
EndProcedure Procedure UpdateBoard(key$)
If key$=#up And hole\y<3
Swap game(hole\x,hole\y),game(hole\x,hole\y+1):hole\y+1
ElseIf key$=#down And hole\y
Swap game(hole\x,hole\y),game(hole\x,hole\y-1):hole\y-1
ElseIf key$=#left And hole\x<3
Swap game(hole\x,hole\y),game(hole\x+1,hole\y):hole\x+1
ElseIf key$=#right And hole\x
Swap game(hole\x,hole\y),game(hole\x-1,hole\y):hole\x-1
EndIf
EndProcedure Procedure TestGameWin()
For j=0 To 3
For i=0 To 3
num+1
If game(i,j)=num:win+1:EndIf
Next i
Next j
If win=15:ProcedureReturn 1:EndIf
EndProcedure Procedure ShuffleBoard(difficulty.i)
Dim randomKey$(3)
randomkey$(0)=#up:randomkey$(1)=#down:randomkey$(2)=#left:randomkey$(3)=#right
For i=1 To difficulty
UpdateBoard(randomKey$(Random(3)))
Next i
EndProcedure NewBoard() ShuffleBoard(#difficulty) Repeat
choice$=displayBoard() UpdateBoard(choice$)
Until TestGameWin() Print("Won !") CloseConsole() </lang>
1234 5678 9ABC DEF Your Choice Up :u, Down :d, Left :l Or Right :r
Python
unoptimized <lang python> Structural Game for 15 - Puzzle with different difficulty levels from random import randint
class Puzzle:
def __init__(self):
self.items = {}
self.position = None
def main_frame(self):
d = self.items
print('+-----+-----+-----+-----+')
print('|%s|%s|%s|%s|' % (d[1], d[2], d[3], d[4]))
print('+-----+-----+-----+-----+')
print('|%s|%s|%s|%s|' % (d[5], d[6], d[7], d[8]))
print('+-----+-----+-----+-----+')
print('|%s|%s|%s|%s|' % (d[9], d[10], d[11], d[12]))
print('+-----+-----+-----+-----+')
print('|%s|%s|%s|%s|' % (d[13], d[14], d[15], d[16]))
print('+-----+-----+-----+-----+')
def format(self, ch):
ch = ch.strip()
if len(ch) == 1:
return ' ' + ch + ' '
elif len(ch) == 2:
return ' ' + ch + ' '
elif len(ch) == 0:
return ' '
def change(self, to):
fro = self.position
for a, b in self.items.items():
if b == self.format(str(to)):
to = a
break
self.items[fro], self.items[to] = self.items[to], self.items[fro]
self.position = to
def build_board(self, difficulty):
for i in range(1, 17):
self.items[i] = self.format(str(i))
tmp = 0
for a, b in self.items.items():
if b == ' 16 ':
self.items[a] = ' '
tmp = a
break
self.position = tmp
if difficulty == 0:
diff = 10
elif difficulty == 1:
diff = 50
else:
diff = 100
for _ in range(diff):
lst = self.valid_moves()
lst1 = []
for j in lst:
lst1.append(int(j.strip()))
self.change(lst1[randint(0, len(lst1)-1)])
def valid_moves(self):
pos = self.position
if pos in [6, 7, 10, 11]:
return self.items[pos - 4], self.items[pos - 1],\
self.items[pos + 1], self.items[pos + 4]
elif pos in [5, 9]:
return self.items[pos - 4], self.items[pos + 4],\
self.items[pos + 1]
elif pos in [8, 12]:
return self.items[pos - 4], self.items[pos + 4],\
self.items[pos - 1]
elif pos in [2, 3]:
return self.items[pos - 1], self.items[pos + 1], self.items[pos + 4]
elif pos in [14, 15]:
return self.items[pos - 1], self.items[pos + 1],\
self.items[pos - 4]
elif pos == 1:
return self.items[pos + 1], self.items[pos + 4]
elif pos == 4:
return self.items[pos - 1], self.items[pos + 4]
elif pos == 13:
return self.items[pos + 1], self.items[pos - 4]
elif pos == 16:
return self.items[pos - 1], self.items[pos - 4]
def game_over(self):
flag = False
for a, b in self.items.items():
if b == ' ':
pass
else:
if a == int(b.strip()):
flag = True
else:
flag = False
return flag
g = Puzzle()
g.build_board(int(input('Enter the difficulty : 0 1 2\n2 '
'=> highest 0=> lowest\n')))
g.main_frame() print('Enter 0 to exit') while True:
print('Hello user:\nTo change the position just enter the no. near it')
lst = g.valid_moves()
lst1 = []
for i in lst:
lst1.append(int(i.strip()))
print(i.strip(), '\t', end=)
print()
x = int(input())
if x == 0:
break
elif x not in lst1:
print('Wrong move')
else:
g.change(x)
g.main_frame()
if g.game_over():
print('You WON')
break
</lang>
Enter the difficulty : 0 1 2 2 => highest 0=> lowest 1 +-----+-----+-----+-----+ | 1 | 7 | 2 | 4 | +-----+-----+-----+-----+ | 5 | 6 | 3 | 12 | +-----+-----+-----+-----+ | 9 | 8 | 11 | 15 | +-----+-----+-----+-----+ | 13 | 10 | 14 | | +-----+-----+-----+-----+ Enter 0 to exit Hello user: To change the position just enter the no. near it 14 15 14 +-----+-----+-----+-----+ | 1 | 7 | 2 | 4 | +-----+-----+-----+-----+ | 5 | 6 | 3 | 12 | +-----+-----+-----+-----+ | 9 | 8 | 11 | 15 | +-----+-----+-----+-----+ | 13 | 10 | | 14 | +-----+-----+-----+-----+ Hello user: To change the position just enter the no. near it 10 14 11
QB64
<lang QB64> _TITLE "GUI Sliding Blocks Game " RANDOMIZE TIMER
' get from user the desired board size = s DO
LOCATE CSRLIN, 3: INPUT "(0 quits) Enter your number of blocks per side 3 - 9 you want > ", s IF s = 0 THEN END
LOOP UNTIL s > 2 AND s < 10
' screen setup: based on the square blocks q pixels a sides q = 540 / s 'square size, shoot for 540 x 540 pixel board display SCREEN _NEWIMAGE(q * s + 1, q * s + 1, 32): _SCREENMOVE 360, 60
'initialize board = solution DIM board(s, s) FOR r = 1 TO s
FOR c = 1 TO s
board(c, r) = c + (r - 1) * s
NEXT
NEXT board(s, s) = 0: c0 = s: r0 = s
'scramble board for puzzle FOR i = 0 TO s ^ 5 ' mix blocks
SELECT CASE INT(RND * 4) + 1
CASE 1: IF c0 < s THEN board(c0, r0) = board(c0 + 1, r0): board(c0 + 1, r0) = 0: c0 = c0 + 1
CASE 2: IF c0 > 1 THEN board(c0, r0) = board(c0 - 1, r0): board(c0 - 1, r0) = 0: c0 = c0 - 1
CASE 3: IF r0 < s THEN board(c0, r0) = board(c0, r0 + 1): board(c0, r0 + 1) = 0: r0 = r0 + 1
CASE 4: IF r0 > 1 THEN board(c0, r0) = board(c0, r0 - 1): board(c0, r0 - 1) = 0: r0 = r0 - 1
END SELECT
NEXT
t = TIMER: update = -1 'OK user here you go! DO
IF update THEN 'display status and determine if solved
solved = -1: update = 0
FOR r = 1 TO s
FOR c = 1 TO s
IF board(c, r) THEN
IF board(c, r) <> (r - 1) * s + c THEN solved = 0
COLOR _RGB32(255, 255, 255), _RGB32(0, 0, 255)
LINE ((c - 1) * q + 1, (r - 1) * q + 2)-(c * q - 2, r * q - 2), _RGB32(0, 0, 255), BF
_PRINTSTRING ((c - 1) * q + .4 * q, (r - 1) * q + .4 * q), RIGHT$(" " + STR$(board(c, r)), 2)
ELSE
IF board(s, s) <> 0 THEN solved = 0
COLOR _RGB32(0, 0, 0), _RGB32(0, 0, 0)
LINE ((c - 1) * q, (r - 1) * q)-(c * q, r * q), , BF
END IF
NEXT
NEXT
IF solved THEN 'flash the Solved Report until user closes window else report status
_DISPLAY
flash$ = "Solved!" + STR$(mc) + " Moves in " + STR$(INT(TIMER - t)) + " secs."
WHILE 1: _TITLE flash$: _DELAY .2: _TITLE " ": _DELAY .2: WEND
ELSE
_TITLE STR$(mc) + " Moves in " + STR$(INT(TIMER - t)) + " secs." + STR$(test)
END IF
_DISPLAY
END IF
'get next mouse click, check if on block next to empty space make move or beep
m = _MOUSEINPUT: mb = _MOUSEBUTTON(1): mx = _MOUSEX: my = _MOUSEY
IF mb AND solved = 0 THEN 'get last place mouse button was down
mb = _MOUSEBUTTON(1): mx = _MOUSEX: my = _MOUSEY
WHILE mb 'left button down, wait for mouse button release
m = _MOUSEINPUT: mb = _MOUSEBUTTON(1): mx = _MOUSEX: my = _MOUSEY
WEND
'convert mouse position to board array (x, y) are we near empty space?
bx = INT(mx / q) + 1: by = INT(my / q) + 1: update = -1
IF bx = c0 + 1 AND by = r0 THEN
board(c0, r0) = board(c0 + 1, r0): board(c0 + 1, r0) = 0: c0 = c0 + 1: mc = mc + 1
ELSEIF bx = c0 - 1 AND by = r0 THEN
board(c0, r0) = board(c0 - 1, r0): board(c0 - 1, r0) = 0: c0 = c0 - 1: mc = mc + 1
ELSEIF bx = c0 AND by = r0 + 1 THEN
board(c0, r0) = board(c0, r0 + 1): board(c0, r0 + 1) = 0: r0 = r0 + 1: mc = mc + 1
ELSEIF bx = c0 AND by = r0 - 1 THEN
board(c0, r0) = board(c0, r0 - 1): board(c0, r0 - 1) = 0: r0 = r0 - 1: mc = mc + 1
ELSE
BEEP
END IF
END IF
LOOP </lang>
R
The inputs are w,a,s,d and they refer to the direction in which the adjacent piece moves into the empty space. For example, on a solved puzzle, "d" would move the 15 to the right. <lang R> puz15<-function(scramble.length=100){
m=matrix(c(1:15,0),byrow=T,ncol=4)
scramble=sample(c("w","a","s","d"),scramble.length,replace=T)
for(i in 1:scramble.length){
m=move(m,scramble[i])
}
win=F
turn=0
while(!win){
print.puz(m)
newmove=getmove()
if(newmove=="w"|newmove=="a"|newmove=="s"|newmove=="d"){
m=move(m,newmove)
turn=turn+1
}
else{
cat("Input not recognized","\n")
}
if(!(F %in% m==matrix(c(1:15,0),byrow=T,ncol=4))){
win=T
}
}
print.puz(m)
cat("\n")
print("You win!")
cat("\n","It took you",turn,"moves.","\n")
}
getmove<-function(){
direction<-readline(prompt="Move:") return(direction)
} move<-function(m,direction){
if(direction=="w"){
m=move.u(m)
}
else if(direction=="s"){
m=move.d(m)
}
else if(direction=="a"){
m=move.l(m)
}
else if(direction=="d"){
m=move.r(m)
}
return(m)
} move.u<-function(m){
if(0 %in% m[4,]){}
else{
pos=which(m==0)
m[pos]=m[pos+1]
m[pos+1]=0
}
return(m)
} move.d<-function(m){
if(0 %in% m[1,]){}
else{
pos=which(m==0)
m[pos]=m[pos-1]
m[pos-1]=0
}
return(m)
} move.l<-function(m){
if(0 %in% m[,4]){return(m)}
else{return(t(move.u(t(m))))}
} move.r<-function(m){
if(0 %in% m[,1]){return(m)}
else{return(t(move.d(t(m))))}
} print.puz<-function(m){
cat("+----+----+----+----+","\n")
for(r in 1:4){
string="|"
for(c in 1:4){
if(m[r,c]==0)
string=paste(string," |",sep="")
else if(m[r,c]<10)
string=paste(string," ",m[r,c]," |",sep="")
else
string=paste(string," ",m[r,c]," |",sep="")
}
cat(string,"\n","+----+----+----+----+","\n",sep="")
}
} </lang>
Sample output:
> puz15(scramble.length=4) +----+----+----+----+ | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | +----+----+----+----+ | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | +----+----+----+----+ | 9 | 10 | | 12 | +----+----+----+----+ | 13 | 14 | 11 | 15 | +----+----+----+----+ Move:w +----+----+----+----+ | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | +----+----+----+----+ | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | +----+----+----+----+ | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | +----+----+----+----+ | 13 | 14 | | 15 | +----+----+----+----+ Move:a +----+----+----+----+ | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | +----+----+----+----+ | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | +----+----+----+----+ | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | +----+----+----+----+ | 13 | 14 | 15 | | +----+----+----+----+ [1] "You win!" It took you 2 moves.
Racket
This is a GUI game; and there are difficulties getting screen shots onto RC. Use the arrow keys to slide the blank square.
It uses the 2htdp/universe package.
<lang racket>#lang racket/base (require 2htdp/universe 2htdp/image racket/list racket/match)
(define ((fifteen->pict (finished? #f)) fifteen)
(for/fold ((i (empty-scene 0 0))) ((r 4))
(define row
(for/fold ((i (empty-scene 0 0))) ((c 4))
(define v (list-ref fifteen (+ (* r 4) c)))
(define cell
(if v
(overlay/align
"center" "center"
(rectangle 50 50 'outline (if finished? "white" "blue"))
(text (number->string v) 30 "black"))
(rectangle 50 50 'solid (if finished? "white" "powderblue"))))
(beside i cell)))
(above i row)))
(define (move-space fifteen direction)
(define idx (for/first ((i (in-naturals)) (x fifteen) #:unless x) i))
(define-values (row col) (quotient/remainder idx 4))
(define dest (+ idx (match direction
['l #:when (> col 0) -1]
['r #:when (< col 3) 1]
['u #:when (> row 0) -4]
['d #:when (< row 3) 4]
[else 0])))
(list-set (list-set fifteen idx (list-ref fifteen dest)) dest #f))
(define (key-move-space fifteen a-key)
(cond [(key=? a-key "left") (move-space fifteen 'l)]
[(key=? a-key "right") (move-space fifteen 'r)]
[(key=? a-key "up") (move-space fifteen 'u)]
[(key=? a-key "down") (move-space fifteen 'd)]
[else fifteen]))
(define (shuffle-15 fifteen shuffles)
(for/fold ((rv fifteen)) ((_ shuffles)) (move-space rv (list-ref '(u d l r) (random 4)))))
(define fifteen0 '(1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 #f))
(define (solved-world? w) (equal? w fifteen0))
(big-bang (shuffle-15 fifteen0 200)
(name "Fifteen")
(to-draw (fifteen->pict))
(stop-when solved-world? (fifteen->pict #t))
(on-key key-move-space))</lang>
Rebol
<lang Rebol>rebol [] random/seed now g: [style t box red [
if not find [0x108 108x0 0x-108 -108x0] face/offset - e/offset [exit] x: face/offset face/offset: e/offset e/offset: x] across
] x: random repeat i 15 [append x:[] i] repeat i 15 [
repend g ['t mold x/:i random white] if find [4 8 12] i [append g 'return]
] append g [e: box] view layout g</lang>
REXX
This REXX version allows the user to specify the size of the puzzle (N, where NxN is the size of the puzzle).
With some more complexity, the REXX computer program could be changed to allow multiple-tile moves (so that, for instance, three tiles could be slid to the right).
Over half of the REXX program has to do with input validation and presentation of the puzzle (grid). <lang rexx>/*REXX pgm implements the 15─puzzle (AKA: Gem Puzzle, Boss Puzzle, Mystic Square, 14─15)*/ parse arg N seed . /*obtain optional arguments from the CL*/ if N== | N=="," then N=4 /*Not specified? Then use the default.*/ if datatype(seed, 'W') then call random ,,seed /*use repeatability seed for RANDOM BIF*/ nh= N**2; @.=; nn= nh - 1; w= length(nn) /*define/initialize some handy values. */ $= /*$: will hold the solution for testing*/
do i=1 for nn; $= $ i /* [◄] build a solution for testing. */
end /*i*/
done=$ /* [↓] scramble the tiles in puzzle. */
do j=1 for nn; a= random(1, words($) ); @.j= word($, a); $= delword($, a, 1)
end /*j*/
/*════════════════════════════════════════════════ play the 15─puzzle 'til done or quit.*/
do until puzz==done & @.nh== /*perform moves until puzzle is solved.*/
call getmv /*get user's move(s) and validate it.*/
if errMsg\== then do; say sep errMsg; iterate /*possible error msg? */
end
call showGrid 0 /*don't display puzzle, just find hole.*/
if wordpos(x, !)==0 then do; say sep 'tile ' x " can't be moved."; iterate
end
@.hole= x; @.tile=
call showGrid 0 /*move specified tile ───► puzzle hole.*/
end /*until*/
call showGrid 1; say; say sep 'Congratulations! The' nn"-puzzle is solved." exit /*stick a fork in it, we're all done. */ /*──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/ getmv: x=0; sep= copies('─', 8); pad= left(, 1 + length(sep) ) /*pad=9 blanks*/
prompt= sep 'Please enter a tile number or numbers ' sep " (or Quit)."
if queued()==0 then do; say; call showGrid 1; say; say prompt
end
parse pull x . 1 ox . 1 . zx; upper x /*obtain a number (or numbers) from CL.*/
if abbrev('QUIT', x, 1) then do; say; say; say sep "quitting."; exit
end
if words(zx)>0 then do; parse var zx xq; queue xq
end /* [↑] Extra moves? Stack for later. */
select /* [↓] Check for possible errors/typos*/
when x== then errMsg= "nothing entered."
when \datatype(x, 'N') then errMsg= "tile number isn't numeric: " ox
when \datatype(x, 'W') then errMsg= "tile number isn't an integer: " ox
when x=0 then errMsg= "tile number can't be zero: " ox
when x<0 then errMsg= "tile number can't be negative: " ox
when x>nn then errMsg= "tile number can't be greater than" nn
otherwise errMsg=
end /*select*/ /* [↑] verify the human entered data. */
return
/*──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/ showGrid: parse arg show; !.=; x= x/1; #= 0; puzz=
top= '╔'copies( copies("═", w)'╦', N); top= left( top, length(top) -1)"╗"
bar= '╠'copies( copies("═", w)'╬', N); bar= left( bar, length(bar) -1)"╣"
bot= '╚'copies( copies("═", w)'╩', N); bot= left( bot, length(bot) -1)"╝"
if show then say pad top
do r=1 for N; z= '║'
do c=1 for N; #= #+1; y= @.#; puzz= puzz y; !.r.c= y
_= right(@.#, w)"║"; z= z || _ /* [↓] find hole*/
if @.# == then do; hole= #; holeRow= r; holeCol= c; end
if @.# == x then do; tile= #; tileRow= r; tileCol= c; end
end /*c*/ /* [↑] find X. */
if show then do; say pad z; if r\==N then say pad bar; end
end /*r*/
rm=holeRow-1; rp=holeRow+1; cm=holeCol-1; cp=holeCol+1 /*possible moves.*/
!=!.rm.holeCol !.rp.holeCol !.holeRow.cm !.holeRow.cp /* legal moves.*/
if show then say pad bot; return</lang>
- output when using the default input:
╔══╦══╦══╦══╗
║10║ 7║ 8║11║
╠══╬══╬══╬══╣
║ 4║ 3║15║ 1║
╠══╬══╬══╬══╣
║ 9║12║ 2║13║
╠══╬══╬══╬══╣
║14║ 5║ 6║ ║
╚══╩══╩══╩══╝
──────── Please enter a tile number or numbers ──────── (or Quit).
13 ◄■■■■■■■■■■ user input.
╔══╦══╦══╦══╗
║10║ 7║ 8║11║
╠══╬══╬══╬══╣
║ 4║ 3║15║ 1║
╠══╬══╬══╬══╣
║ 9║12║ 2║ ║
╠══╬══╬══╬══╣
║14║ 5║ 6║13║
╚══╩══╩══╩══╝
──────── Please enter a tile number or numbers ──────── (or Quit).
1 15 3 ◄■■■■■■■■■■ user input.
╔══╦══╦══╦══╗
║10║ 7║ 8║11║
╠══╬══╬══╬══╣
║ 4║ ║ 3║15║
╠══╬══╬══╬══╣
║ 9║12║ 2║ 1║
╠══╬══╬══╬══╣
║14║ 5║ 6║13║
╚══╩══╩══╩══╝
──────── Please enter a tile number or numbers ──────── (or Quit).
quit ◄■■■■■■■■■■ user input.
──────── quitting.
Ring
CalmoSoft Fifteen Puzzle Game written in Ring Programming Language (http://ring-lang.net)
Video: CalmoSoft Fifteen Puzzle Game Video
Output Image: CalmoSoft Fifteen Puzzle Game Image
The code: <lang ring># Project : CalmoSoft Fifteen Puzzle Game (Under Development)
load "guilib.ring"
app1 = new qapp {
stylefusionblack()
empty = 16
nrMoves = 0
nrSleep = 1
butSize = 4
curBut = 4
temp = 0
flaginit = 0
flagsave = 0
flagmove = 0
button = list(52)
sizebtn = list(7)
table1 = []
table2 = []
table3 = []
nDegree = 0
nrDegree = [0,90,180,270 ,-90,-180,-270]
nDegreeRight = 0
nDegreeLeft = 0
btnDegree = newlist(52,2)
CounterMan = 0
t1 = 0
win1 = new qwidget() {
move(0,0)
resize(380,760)
setwindowtitle("CalmoSoft Fifteen Puzzle Game")
for n=1 to 52
for m=1 to 2
btnDegree[n][m] = 0
next
next
for n = 4 to 7
sizebtn[n] = new qpushbutton(win1)
{
col = n%4
setgeometry(100+col*40,60,40,40)
settext(string(n) + "x" + string(n))
setclickevent("newsize(" + string(n) + ")")
}
next
btnMoves = new qpushbutton(win1)
{
setgeometry(100,260,80,40)
settext("0")
show()
}
scramblebtn = new qpushbutton(win1)
{
setgeometry(100,300,160,40)
settext("Scramble")
setclickevent("scramble()")
}
resetbtn = new qpushbutton(win1)
{
setgeometry(100,340,160,40)
settext("Reset")
setclickevent("resettiles()")
}
savebtn = new qpushbutton(win1)
{
setgeometry(100,380,160,40)
settext("Save Game")
setclickevent("pSave()")
}
playbtn = new qpushbutton(win1)
{
setgeometry(100,420,160,40)
settext("Resume Game")
setclickevent("pPlay()")
}
sleepbtn = new qpushbutton(win1)
{
setgeometry(100,460,160,40)
settext("Sleep Time: ")
}
decbtn = new qpushbutton(win1)
{
setgeometry(220,460,40,40)
settext("<-")
setclickevent("pDecSleep()")
}
incbtn = new qpushbutton(win1)
{
setgeometry(260,460,40,40)
settext("->")
setclickevent("pIncSleep()")
}
rightbtn = new qpushbutton(win1)
{
setgeometry(100,500,160,40)
settext("In the Right Place : ")
}
timebtn = new qpushbutton(win1)
{
setgeometry(100,540,160,40)
settext("Elapsed Time : ")
}
TimerMan = new qtimer(win1)
{
setinterval(500)
settimeoutevent("pTime()")
stop()
}
newsize(4)
show()
}
exec()
}
Func newlist x, y
if isstring(x) x=0+x ok
if isstring(y) y=0+y ok
alist = list(x)
for t in alist
t = list(y)
next
return alist
func scramble
for n= 1 to 1000
curBut=random(butSize*butSize-1)+1
up = (empty = (curBut - butSize))
down = (empty = (curBut + butSize))
left = ((empty = (curBut - 1)) and ((curBut % butSize) != 1))
right = ((empty = (curBut + 1)) and ((curBut % butSize) != 0))
move = up or down or left or right
if move = 1
button[curBut] { temp2 = text() }
col = empty%butSize
if col = 0 col = butSize ok
row = ceil(empty/butSize)
button[empty] {
setgeometry(60+col*40,60+row*40,40,40)
rnd = random(6)+1
nDegree = nrDegree[rnd]
button[empty].setbuttoncolor("yellow")
button[empty].settext(temp2)
button[empty].setClickEvent("movetile(" + string(empty) +")")
btnDegree[empty] [1] = temp2
btnDegree[empty] [2] = nDegree
}
button[curBut].setbuttoncolor("yellow")
btnDegree[curBut][2] = 0
button[curBut]{settext("")}
empty = curBut
ok
next
button[butSize*butSize+2]{settext("Here")}
for n=1 to butSize*butSize
button[n].setbuttoncolor("yellow")
next
table1 = []
table2 = []
table3 = []
for n = 1 to butSize*butSize
add(table1, button[n].text())
add(table2, button[n].text())
add(table3, string(btnDegree[n][2]))
next
add(table1, string(empty))
add(table2, string(empty))
add(table3, string(empty))
add(table1, "OK")
add(table2, "OK")
add(table3, "OK")
flagsave = 0
flagmove = 0
nrMoves = 0
btnMoves.settext(string(nrMoves))
timebtn.settext("Elapsed Time : ")
t1 = clock()
rightPlace()
return
func movetile curBut2
if (curBut2 = butSize*butSize-1 and button[curBut2].text() = "In")
pBack()
else
see char(7)
up = (empty = (curBut2 - butSize))
down = (empty = (curBut2 + butSize))
left = ((empty = (curBut2- 1)) and ((curBut2 % butSize) != 1))
right = ((empty = (curBut2 + 1)) and ((curBut2 % butSize) != 0))
move = up or down or left or right
if move = 1
temp2 = button[curBut2].text()
btnDegree[empty][1] = temp2
add(table1, temp2)
add(table2, string(curBut2))
col = empty%butSize
if col = 0 col = butSize ok
row = ceil(empty/butSize)
button[empty] {
setgeometry(60+col*40,60+row*40,40,40)
nDegree = btnDegree[curBut2][2]
btnDegree[empty][2] = nDegree
button[empty].setbuttoncolor("orange")
button[empty].settext(temp2)
}
add(table3, string(nDegree))
button[curBut2].setbuttoncolor("cyan")
button[curBut2]{settext("")}
empty = curBut2
nrMoves = nrMoves + 1
btnMoves.settext(string(nrMoves))
isGameOver()
ok
ok
flagmove = 1
pElapsedTime()
rightPlace()
return
func resettiles
nDegree = 0
empty = butSize*butSize
for empty = 1 to butSize*butSize-1
btnDegree[empty][2] = 0
nDegree = 0
btnDegree[empty][1] = string(empty)
button[empty].setstylesheet("background-color:yellow")
button[empty] {settext(string(empty))}
next
button[butSize*butSize].setstylesheet("background-color:yellow")
button[butSize*butSize] {settext("")}
table1 = []
table2 = []
table3 = []
for n = 1 to butSize*butSize
add(table1, button[n].text())
add(table2, button[n].text())
add(table3, string(btnDegree[n][2]))
next
add(table1, string(empty))
add(table2, string(empty))
add(table3, string(empty))
add(table1, "OK")
add(table2, "OK")
add(table3, "OK")
flagsave = 0
flagmove = 0
nrMoves = 0
btnMoves.settext(string(nrMoves))
timebtn.settext("Elapsed Time : ")
t1 = clock()
rightPlace()
return
func pHere
if button[butSize*butSize-1].text() != "" and button[butSize*butSize+2].text() = "Here"
button[butSize*butSize-1] { temp = text() }
button[butSize*butSize+2].close()
button[butSize*butSize+2] = new ButtonWithRotatedText(win1)
button[butSize*butSize+2] {
setgeometry(60+(butSize-1)*40,60+(butSize+1)*40,40,40)
setstylesheet("background-color:yellow")
btnDegree[butSize*butSize+2][2] = btnDegree[butSize*butSize-1][2]
nDegree = btnDegree[butSize*butSize+2][2]
emptysave = empty
empty = butSize*butSize+2
btnDegree[empty][1] = temp
settext(temp)
}
nDegree = 0
empty = butSize*butSize-1
btnDegree[empty][1] = "In"
button[butSize*butSize-1]{settext("In")}
for n = 1 to butSize*butSize
button[n].setenabled(false)
next
button[butSize*butSize-1].setenabled(true)
scramblebtn.setenabled(false)
resetbtn.setenabled(false)
savebtn.setenabled(false)
playbtn.setenabled(false)
empty = emptysave
ok
func pBack
button[butSize*butSize+2] { temp = text() }
nDegree = btnDegree[butSize*butSize+2][2]
btnDegree[butSize*butSize-1][2] = btnDegree[butSize*butSize+2][2]
emptysave = empty
empty = butSize*butSize-1
btnDegree[empty][1] = temp
button[butSize*butSize-1] {settext(temp)}
button[butSize*butSize+2].close()
button[butSize*butSize+2] = new qpushbutton(win1)
{
setgeometry(60+(butSize-1)*40,60+(butSize+1)*40,40,40)
settext("Here")
setclickevent("pHere()")
show()
}
for n = 1 to butSize*butSize
button[n].setenabled(true)
next
scramblebtn.setenabled(true)
resetbtn.setenabled(true)
savebtn.setenabled(true)
playbtn.setenabled(true)
empty = emptysave
isGameOver()
func rotateleft
if button[butSize*butSize+2].text() != "Here"
button[butSize*butSize+2].close()
button[butSize*butSize+2] = new ButtonWithRotatedText(win1)
button[butSize*butSize+2] {
setgeometry(60+(butSize-1)*40,60+(butSize+1)*40,40,40)
setstylesheet("background-color:yellow")
nDegreeLeft = (nDegreeLeft-90)%360
nDegree = nDegreeLeft
btnDegree[butSize*butSize+2][2] = nDegree
emptysave = empty
empty = butSize*butSize+2
btnDegree[empty][1] = temp
button[butSize*butSize+2]{settext(temp)}
}
empty = emptysave
ok
func rotateright
if button[butSize*butSize+2].text() != "Here"
button[butSize*butSize+2].close()
button[butSize*butSize+2] = new ButtonWithRotatedText(win1)
button[butSize*butSize+2] {
setgeometry(60+(butSize-1)*40,60+(butSize+1)*40,40,40)
setstylesheet("background-color:yellow")
nDegreeRight = (nDegreeRight+90)%360
nDegree = nDegreeRight
btnDegree[butSize*butSize+2][2] = nDegree
emptysave = empty
empty = butSize*butSize+2
btnDegree[empty][1] = temp
button[butSize*butSize+2]{settext(temp)}
}
empty = emptysave
ok
func newsize curBut
win1{
sizenew = curBut%4
win1.resize(360+sizenew*40,640+sizenew*40)
if flaginit != 0
for nb = 1 to butSize*butSize+3
button[nb] {close()}
next
btnMoves.close()
ok
scramblebtn.close()
resetbtn.close()
savebtn.close()
playbtn.close()
btnMoves.close()
sleepbtn.close()
decbtn.close()
incbtn.close()
rightbtn.close()
timebtn.close()
for n = 1 to curBut*curBut
col = n%curBut
if col = 0 col = curBut ok
row = ceil(n/curBut)
button[n] = new ButtonWithRotatedText(win1)
button[n] {
setgeometry(60+col*40,60+row*40,40,40)
button[n].setbuttoncolor("yellow")
nDegree = 0
if n < curBut*curBut
button[n].settext(string(n))
but n = curBut*curBut
button[n].settext("")
ok
setClickEvent("movetile(" + string(n) +")")
}
next
btnMoves = new qpushbutton(win1)
{
setgeometry(100,60+(curBut+1)*40,(curBut-3)*40,40)
setStyleSheet("text-align:center")
settext("0")
show()
}
button[curBut*curBut+1] = new qpushbutton(win1)
{
setgeometry(60+(curBut-2)*40,60+(curBut+1)*40,40,40)
settext("<-")
setclickevent("rotateLeft()")
show()
}
button[curBut*curBut+2] = new qpushbutton(win1)
{
setgeometry(60+(curBut-1)*40,60+(curBut+1)*40,40,40)
settext("Here")
setclickevent("pHere()")
show()
}
button[curBut*curBut+3] = new qpushbutton(win1)
{
setgeometry(60+curBut*40,60+(curBut+1)*40,40,40)
settext("->")
setclickevent("rotateRight()")
show()
}
scramblebtn = new qpushbutton(win1)
{
setgeometry(100,100+(curBut+1)*40,curBut*40,40)
settext("Scramble")
setclickevent("scramble()")
show()
}
resetbtn = new qpushbutton(win1)
{
setgeometry(100,100+(curBut+2)*40,curBut*40,40)
settext("Reset")
setclickevent("resettiles()")
show()
}
savebtn = new qpushbutton(win1)
{
setgeometry(100,100+(curBut+3)*40,curBut*40,40)
settext("Save Game")
setclickevent("pSave()")
show()
}
playbtn = new qpushbutton(win1)
{
setgeometry(100,100+(curBut+4)*40,curBut*40,40)
settext("Resume Game")
setclickevent("pPlay()")
show()
}
sleepbtn = new qpushbutton(win1)
{
setgeometry(100,100+(curBut+5)*40,(curBut-2)*40,40)
settext("Sleep Time: " + string(nrSleep) + " s")
show()
}
decbtn = new qpushbutton(win1)
{
setgeometry(100+(curBut-2)*40,100+(curBut+5)*40,40,40)
settext("<-")
setclickevent("pDecSleep()")
show()
}
incbtn = new qpushbutton(win1)
{
setgeometry(100+(curBut-1)*40,100+(curBut+5)*40,40,40)
settext("->")
setclickevent("pIncSleep()")
show()
}
rightbtn = new qpushbutton(win1)
{
setgeometry(100,100+(curBut+6)*40,curBut*40,40)
settext("In the Right Place : ")
show()
}
timebtn = new qpushbutton(win1)
{
setgeometry(100,100+(curBut+7)*40,curBut*40,40)
settext("Elapsed Time : ")
show()
}
table1 = []
table2 = []
table3 = []
for n = 1 to butSize*butSize
add(table1, button[n].text())
add(table2, button[n].text())
add(table3, string(0))
next
add(table1, string(empty))
add(table2, string(empty))
add(table3, string(empty))
add(table1, "OK")
add(table2, "OK")
add(table3, "OK")
empty = curBut*curBut
butSize = curBut
flaginit = 1
flagsave = 0
flagmove = 0
nrMoves = 0
timebtn.settext("Elapsed Time : ")
t1 = clock()
scramble()
}
func pSave
textedit1 = list2str(table1)
textedit2 = list2str(table2)
textedit3 = list2str(table3)
chdir(currentdir())
cName1 = "CalmoSoftPuzzle1.txt"
cName2 = "CalmoSoftPuzzle2.txt"
cName3 = "CalmoSoftPuzzle3.txt"
write(cName1,textedit1)
write(cName2,textedit2)
write(cName3,textedit3)
flagsave = 1
timebtn.settext("Elapsed Time : ")
t1 = clock()
return
func pPlay
if flagsave = 0 or flagmove = 0
warning()
else
chdir(currentdir())
cName1 = "CalmoSoftPuzzle1.txt"
textedit1 = read(cName1)
table1 = str2list(textedit1)
cName2 = "CalmoSoftPuzzle2.txt"
textedit2 = read(cName2)
table2 = str2list(textedit2)
cName3 = "CalmoSoftPuzzle3.txt"
textedit3 = read(cName3)
table3 = str2list(textedit3)
for empty = 1 to butSize*butSize
button[empty].setbuttoncolor("yellow")
nDegree = number(table3[empty])
btnDegree[empty][1] = table1[empty]
button[empty] {settext(table1[empty])}
next
empty = number(table1[butSize*butSize + 1])
CounterMan = butSize*butSize+2
nrMoves = 0
t1 = clock()
TimerMan.start()
ok
func pTime()
if flagsave = 0 or flagmove = 0
warning()
else
CounterMan++
pPlaySleep()
sleep(nrSleep*1000)
pElapsedTime()
if CounterMan = len(table1)
TimerMan.stop()
ok
ok
func pPlaySleep
see char(7)
value = table1[CounterMan]
place = table2[CounterMan]
nDegree = number(table3[CounterMan])
btnDegree[empty][1] = value
button[empty].setbuttoncolor("orange")
button[empty] {settext(value)}
nDegree = 0
button[number(place)].setbuttoncolor("cyan")
button[number(place)] {settext("")}
empty = number(place)
nrMoves = nrMoves + 1
btnMoves.settext(string(nrMoves))
func pIncSleep
nrSleep = nrSleep + 1
sleepbtn.settext("Sleep Time: " + string(nrSleep) + " s")
func pDecSleep
if nrSleep > 1
nrSleep = nrSleep - 1
sleepbtn.settext("Sleep Time: " + string(nrSleep) + " s")
ok
func sleep(x)
nTime = x
oTest = new qTest
oTest.qsleep(nTime)
return
func isGameOver
flagend = 1
for n=1 to butSize*butSize-1
if button[n].text() != n or btnDegree[n][2] != 0
flagend = 0
exit
ok
next
if flagend = 1
new qmessagebox(win1) {
setwindowtitle("Game Over")
settext("Congratulations!")
show()
}
ok
func rightPlace
count = 0
for n=1 to butSize*butSize
if button[n].text() = n and btnDegree[n][2] = 0
count = count + 1
ok
next
rightbtn.settext("In the Right Place : " + count)
func warning
new qmessagebox(win1) {
setwindowtitle("Warning!")
settext("First you must play and save the game.")
show()
}
func pElapsedTime
t2 = (clock() - t1)/1000
timebtn.settext("Elapsed Time : " + t2 + " s")
Class ButtonWithRotatedText
oButton oLabel cText="We are here" nDegree = 30 nTransX = 50 nTransY = 0
func init( oParent)
oButton = new qPushButton(oParent)
oLabel = new qLabel(oParent)
oLabel.setAttribute(Qt_WA_TransparentForMouseEvents,True)
oLabel.setAttribute(Qt_WA_DeleteOnClose, True)
oButton.setAttribute(Qt_WA_DeleteOnClose, True)
oButton.Show()
return
func close()
oLabel.close()
oButton.close()
return
func setstylesheet(x)
oButton.setstylesheet(x)
func setgeometry( x,y,width,height)
oButton.setgeometry(x,y,width,height)
oLabel.setgeometry( x,y,width,height)
func setText( cValue)
cText = cValue
return
func Text()
return cText
func setTranslate( x,y )
nTransX = x
nTransY = y
return
func TranslateOffsetX()
return nTransX
func TranslateOffsetY()
return nTransY
func setRotationDegree( nValue)
nDegree = nValue
return
func RotationDegree()
return nDegree
func setClickEvent( cEvent)
oButton.setClickEvent(cEvent)
return
func braceend()
draw()
return
func setEnabled(value)
oButton.setenabled(value)
return
func setButtonColor(color)
colorIt = "background-color:" + color
oButton.setstylesheet(colorIt)
return
func draw()
picture = new qpicture()
color = new qcolor() { setrgb(0,0,255,255) }
pen = new qpen() { setcolor(color) setwidth(10) }
painter = new qpainter()
{
begin(picture)
setpen(pen)
oFont = new qfont("Courier New",12,75,0)
oFont.setpointsize(20)
setfont(oFont)
if nDegree = 0
if btnDegree[empty] [1]="In" p1 = -8 p2=0
translate(p1,p2) ok ok
if nDegree = 0
if btnDegree[empty] [1]<10 p1 = 10 p2=10 else p1=5 p2=10 ok
translate(p1,p2)
but nDegree = 90
if btnDegree[empty] [1]<10 p=-10 else p=-15 ok
translate(10,p)
but nDegree = 180
if btnDegree[empty] [1]<10 p1= 30 p2=-10 else p1=35 p2=-10 ok
translate(p1,p2)
but nDegree = 270
if btnDegree[empty] [1]<10 p=10 else p=15 ok
translate(30,p)
but nDegree = -90
if btnDegree[empty] [1]<10 p=10 else p=15 ok
translate(30,p)
but nDegree = -180
if btnDegree[empty] [1]<10 p1=30 p2=-10 else p1=35 p2=-10 ok
translate(p1,p2)
but nDegree = -270
if btnDegree[empty] [1]<10 p1=10 p2=-10 else p1=10 p2=-15 ok
translate(p1,p2)
ok
rotate(nDegree)
drawtext(0,0,this.Text())
endpaint()
}
oLabel {
setpicture(picture)
show()
}
return
</lang>
Ruby
<lang ruby>require 'io/console'
class Board
SIZE = 4
RANGE = 0...SIZE
def initialize
width = (SIZE*SIZE-1).to_s.size
@frame = ("+" + "-"*(width+2)) * SIZE + "+"
@form = "| %#{width}d " * SIZE + "|"
@step = 0
@orign = [*0...SIZE*SIZE].rotate.each_slice(SIZE).to_a.freeze
@board = @orign.map{|row | row.dup}
randomize
draw
message
play
end
private
def randomize
@board[0][0], @board[SIZE-1][SIZE-1] = 0, 1
@board[SIZE-1][0], @board[0][SIZE-1] = @board[0][SIZE-1], @board[SIZE-1][0]
x, y, dx, dy = 0, 0, 1, 0
50.times do
nx,ny = [[x+dx,y+dy], [x+dy,y-dx], [x-dy,y+dx]]
.select{|nx,ny| RANGE.include?(nx) and RANGE.include?(ny)}
.sample
@board[nx][ny], @board[x][y] = 0, @board[nx][ny]
x, y, dx, dy = nx, ny, nx-x, ny-y
end
@x, @y = x, y
end
def draw
puts "\e[H\e[2J"
@board.each do |row|
puts @frame
puts (@form % row).sub(" 0 ", " ")
end
puts @frame
puts "Step: #{@step}"
end
DIR = {up: [-1,0], down: [1,0], left: [0,-1], right: [0,1]}
def move(direction)
dx, dy = DIR[direction]
nx, ny = @x + dx, @y + dy
if RANGE.include?(nx) and RANGE.include?(ny)
@board[nx][ny], @board[@x][@y] = 0, @board[nx][ny]
@x, @y = nx, ny
@step += 1
draw
end
end
def play
until @board == @orign
case key_in
when "\e[A", "w" then move(:up)
when "\e[B", "s" then move(:down)
when "\e[C", "d" then move(:right)
when "\e[D", "a" then move(:left)
when "q","\u0003","\u0004" then exit
when "h" then message
end
end
puts "Congratulations, you have won!"
end
def key_in
input = STDIN.getch
if input == "\e"
2.times {input << STDIN.getch}
end
input
end
def message
puts <<~EOM
Use the arrow-keys or WASD on your keyboard to push board in the given direction.
PRESS q TO QUIT (or Ctrl-C or Ctrl-D)
EOM
end
end
Board.new</lang>
- Output:
+----+----+----+----+ | 5 | 7 | 2 | 13 | +----+----+----+----+ | 6 | | 8 | 12 | +----+----+----+----+ | 10 | 3 | 1 | 15 | +----+----+----+----+ | 9 | 4 | 14 | 11 | +----+----+----+----+ Step: 0 Use the arrow-keys or WASD on your keyboard to push board in the given direction. PRESS q TO QUIT (or Ctrl-C or Ctrl-D)
Run BASIC
<lang runbasic>call SetCSS ' ---- fill 15 squares with 1 to 15 dim sq(16) for i = 1 to 15: sq(i) = i: next
'----- shuffle the squares [newGame] for i = 1 to 100 ' Shuffle the squares j = rnd(0) * 16 + 1 k = rnd(0) * 16 + 1 h = sq(j) sq(j) = sq(k) sq(k) = h next i
' ---- show the squares [loop] cls
html "
for i = 1 to 16
html "" if i mod 4 = 0 then html "" next i html "| "
if sq(i) <> 0 then button #pick, str$(sq(i)), [pick] #pick setkey(str$(i)) #pick cssclass("lBtn") end if html " |
wait
' ---- Find what square they picked [pick] picked = val(EventKey$) move = 0 ' 0000000001111111 if picked - 1 > 0 then ' LEFT 1234567890123456 if mid$(" *** *** *** ***",picked,1) = "*" and sq(picked -1) = 0 then move = -1 :end if if picked + 1 < 17 then ' RIGHT if mid$("*** *** *** *** ",picked,1) = "*" and sq(picked +1) = 0 then move = 1 :end if if picked - 4 > 0 then ' UP if mid$(" ************",picked,1) = "*" and sq(picked -4) = 0 then move = -4 :end if if picked + 4 < 17 then ' DOWN if mid$("************ ",picked,1) = "*" and sq(picked +4) = 0 then move = 4 :end if ' ---- See if they picked a valid square next to the blank square if move = 0 then print "Invalid move: ";sq(picked) wait end if
' ---- Valid squire, switch it with the blank square sq(picked + move) = sq(picked) ' move to the empty square sq(picked) = 0 for i = 1 to 15 ' ---- If they got them all in a row they are a winner if sq(i) <> i then goto [loop] next i
print "----- You are a winner -----" input "Play again (Y/N)";a$ if a$ = "Y" then goto [newGame] ' set up new game end
' ---- Make the squares look nice SUB SetCSS CSSClass ".lBtn", "{ background:wheat;border-width:5px;width:70px; Text-Align:Center;Font-Size:24pt;Font-Weight:Bold;Font-Family:Arial; }" END SUB</lang> Output: File:KokengeGame15.jpg
Rust
<lang rust>extern crate rand;
use std::collections::HashMap; use std::fmt;
use rand::Rng; use rand::seq::SliceRandom;
- [derive(Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Debug)]
enum Cell {
Card(usize), Empty,
}
- [derive(Eq, PartialEq, Hash, Debug)]
enum Direction {
Up, Down, Left, Right,
}
enum Action {
Move(Direction), Quit,
}
type Board = [Cell; 16]; const EMPTY: Board = [Cell::Empty; 16];
struct P15 {
board: Board,
}
impl P15 {
fn new() -> Self {
let mut board = EMPTY;
for (i, cell) in board.iter_mut().enumerate().skip(1) {
*cell = Cell::Card(i);
}
let mut rng = rand::thread_rng();
board.shuffle(&mut rng);
if !Self::is_valid(board) {
// random swap
let i = rng.gen_range(0, 16);
let mut j = rng.gen_range(0, 16);
while j == i {
j = rng.gen_range(0, 16);
}
board.swap(i, j);
}
Self { board }
}
fn is_valid(mut board: Board) -> bool {
// TODO: optimize
let mut permutations = 0;
let pos = board.iter().position(|&cell| cell == Cell::Empty).unwrap();
if pos != 15 {
board.swap(pos, 15);
permutations += 1;
}
for i in 1..16 {
let pos = board
.iter()
.position(|&cell| match cell {
Cell::Card(value) if value == i => true,
_ => false,
})
.unwrap();
if pos + 1 != i {
board.swap(pos, i - 1);
permutations += 1;
}
}
permutations % 2 == 0
}
fn get_empty_position(&self) -> usize {
self.board.iter().position(|&c| c == Cell::Empty).unwrap()
}
fn get_moves(&self) -> HashMap<Direction, Cell> {
let mut moves = HashMap::new();
let i = self.get_empty_position();
if i > 3 {
moves.insert(Direction::Up, self.board[i - 4]);
}
if i % 4 != 0 {
moves.insert(Direction::Left, self.board[i - 1]);
}
if i < 12 {
moves.insert(Direction::Down, self.board[i + 4]);
}
if i % 4 != 3 {
moves.insert(Direction::Right, self.board[i + 1]);
}
moves
}
fn play(&mut self, direction: &Direction) {
let i = self.get_empty_position();
// This is safe because `ask_action` only returns legal moves
match *direction {
Direction::Up => self.board.swap(i, i - 4),
Direction::Left => self.board.swap(i, i - 1),
Direction::Right => self.board.swap(i, i + 1),
Direction::Down => self.board.swap(i, i + 4),
};
}
fn is_complete(&self) -> bool {
self.board.iter().enumerate().all(|(i, &cell)| match cell {
Cell::Card(value) => value == i + 1,
Cell::Empty => i == 15,
})
}
}
impl fmt::Display for P15 {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
r#try!(write!(f, "+----+----+----+----+\n"));
for (i, &cell) in self.board.iter().enumerate() {
match cell {
Cell::Card(value) => r#try!(write!(f, "| {:2} ", value)),
Cell::Empty => r#try!(write!(f, "| ")),
}
if i % 4 == 3 {
r#try!(write!(f, "|\n"));
r#try!(write!(f, "+----+----+----+----+\n"));
}
}
Ok(())
}
}
fn main() {
let mut p15 = P15::new();
for turns in 1.. {
println!("{}", p15);
match ask_action(&p15.get_moves()) {
Action::Move(direction) => {
p15.play(&direction);
}
Action::Quit => {
println!("Bye !");
break;
}
}
if p15.is_complete() {
println!("Well done ! You won in {} turns", turns);
break;
}
}
}
fn ask_action(moves: &HashMap<Direction, Cell>) -> Action {
use std::io::{self, Write};
use Action::*;
use Direction::*;
println!("Possible moves:");
if let Some(&Cell::Card(value)) = moves.get(&Up) {
println!("\tU) {}", value);
}
if let Some(&Cell::Card(value)) = moves.get(&Left) {
println!("\tL) {}", value);
}
if let Some(&Cell::Card(value)) = moves.get(&Right) {
println!("\tR) {}", value);
}
if let Some(&Cell::Card(value)) = moves.get(&Down) {
println!("\tD) {}", value);
}
println!("\tQ) Quit");
print!("Choose your move : ");
io::stdout().flush().unwrap();
let mut action = String::new();
io::stdin().read_line(&mut action).expect("read error");
match action.to_uppercase().trim() {
"U" if moves.contains_key(&Up) => Move(Up),
"L" if moves.contains_key(&Left) => Move(Left),
"R" if moves.contains_key(&Right) => Move(Right),
"D" if moves.contains_key(&Down) => Move(Down),
"Q" => Quit,
_ => {
println!("Unknown action: {}", action);
ask_action(moves)
}
}
}</lang>
Scala
<lang scala>import java.util.Random
import jline.console._
import scala.annotation.tailrec import scala.collection.immutable import scala.collection.parallel.immutable.ParVector
object FifteenPuzzle {
def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = play()
@tailrec def play(len: Int = 1000): Unit = if(gameLoop(Board.randState(len))) play(len)
def gameLoop(board: Board): Boolean = {
val read = new ConsoleReader()
val km = KeyMap.keyMaps().get("vi-insert")
val opMap = immutable.HashMap[Operation, Char](
Operation.PREVIOUS_HISTORY -> 'u',
Operation.BACKWARD_CHAR -> 'l',
Operation.NEXT_HISTORY -> 'd',
Operation.FORWARD_CHAR -> 'r')
@tailrec
def gloop(b: Board): Boolean = {
println(s"\u001B[2J\u001B[2;0H$b\n←↑→↓q")
if(b.isSolved) println("Solved!\nPlay again? (y/n)")
read.readBinding(km) match{
case Operation.SELF_INSERT => read.getLastBinding match{
case "q" => false
case "y" if b.isSolved => true
case "n" if b.isSolved => false
case _ => gloop(b)
}
case op: Operation if opMap.isDefinedAt(op) => gloop(b.move(opMap(op)))
case _ => gloop(b)
}
}
gloop(board)
}
case class Board(mat: immutable.HashMap[(Int, Int), Int], x: Int, y: Int) {
def move(mvs: Seq[Char]): Board = mvs.foldLeft(this){case (b, m) => b.move(m)}
def move(mov: Char): Board = mov match {
case 'r' if x < 3 => Board(mat ++ Seq(((x, y), mat((x + 1, y))), ((x + 1, y), 0)), x + 1, y)
case 'l' if x > 0 => Board(mat ++ Seq(((x, y), mat((x - 1, y))), ((x - 1, y), 0)), x - 1, y)
case 'd' if y < 3 => Board(mat ++ Seq(((x, y), mat((x, y + 1))), ((x, y + 1), 0)), x, y + 1)
case 'u' if y > 0 => Board(mat ++ Seq(((x, y), mat((x, y - 1))), ((x, y - 1), 0)), x, y - 1)
case _ => this
}
def isSolved: Boolean = sumDist == 0
def sumDist: Int = mat.to(LazyList).map{ case ((a, b), n) => if(n == 0) 6 - a - b else (a + b - ((n - 1) % 4) - ((n - 1) / 4)).abs }.sum
override def toString: String = {
val lst = mat.toVector.map { case ((a, b), n) => (4 * b + a, n) }.sortWith(_._1 < _._1).map(_._2)
lst.map { n => if (n == 0) " " else f"$n%2d" }.grouped(4).map(_.mkString(" ")).mkString("\n")
}
}
object Board {
val moves: Vector[Char] = Vector('r', 'l', 'd', 'u')
def apply(config: Vector[Int]): Board = {
val ind = config.indexOf(0)
val formed = config.zipWithIndex.map { case (n, i) => ((i % 4, i / 4), n) }
val builder = immutable.HashMap.newBuilder[(Int, Int), Int]
builder ++= formed
Board(builder.result, ind % 4, ind / 4)
}
def solveState: Board = apply((1 to 15).toVector :+ 0)
def randState(len: Int, rand: Random = new Random()): Board = Iterator
.fill(len)(moves(rand.nextInt(4)))
.foldLeft(Board.solveState) { case (state, mv) => state.move(mv) }
}
}</lang>
Scheme
<lang scheme> (import (scheme base)
(scheme read)
(scheme write)
(srfi 27)) ; random numbers
(define *start-position* #(1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 #\space)) (random-source-randomize! default-random-source)
- return a 16-place vector with the tiles randomly shuffled
(define (create-start-position)
(let ((board (vector-copy *start-position*)))
(do ((i 0 (+ 1 i))
(moves (find-moves board) (find-moves board)))
((and (>= i 100)
(not (finished? board)))
board)
(make-move board
(list-ref moves (random-integer (length moves)))))))
- return index of space
(define (find-space board)
(do ((i 0 (+ 1 i))) ((equal? #\space (vector-ref board i)) i)))
- return a list of symbols indicating available moves
(define (find-moves board)
(let* ((posn (find-space board))
(row (quotient posn 4))
(col (remainder posn 4))
(result '()))
(when (> row 0) (set! result (cons 'up result)))
(when (< row 3) (set! result (cons 'down result)))
(when (> col 0) (set! result (cons 'left result)))
(when (< col 3) (set! result (cons 'right result)))
result))
- make given move - assume it is legal
(define (make-move board move)
(define (swap posn-1 posn-2)
(let ((tmp (vector-ref board posn-1)))
(vector-set! board posn-1 (vector-ref board posn-2))
(vector-set! board posn-2 tmp)))
;
(let ((posn (find-space board)))
(case move
((left)
(swap posn (- posn 1)))
((right)
(swap posn (+ posn 1)))
((up)
(swap posn (- posn 4)))
((down)
(swap posn (+ posn 4))))))
(define (finished? board)
(equal? board *start-position*))
(define (display-board board)
(do ((i 0 (+ 1 i)))
((= i (vector-length board)) (newline))
(when (zero? (modulo i 4)) (newline))
(let ((curr (vector-ref board i)))
(display curr)
(display (if (and (number? curr)
(> curr 9))
" "
" ")))))
- the main game loop
(define (play-game)
(let ((board (create-start-position)))
(do ((count 1 (+ count 1))
(moves (find-moves board) (find-moves board)))
((finished? board)
(display (string-append "\nCOMPLETED PUZZLE in "
(number->string count)
" moves\n")))
(display-board board)
(display "Enter a move: ") (display moves) (newline)
(let ((move (read)))
(if (memq move moves)
(make-move board move)
(display "Invalid move - try again"))))))
(play-game) </lang>
- Output:
1 2 3 5 7 6 11 13 14 8 4 10 9 15 12 Enter a move: (right left down) right 1 2 3 5 7 6 11 13 14 8 4 10 9 15 12 Enter a move: (left down) down 1 2 3 11 5 7 6 13 14 8 4 10 9 15 12 Enter a move: (left down up) down 1 2 3 11 5 7 6 4 13 14 8 10 9 15 12 Enter a move: (left down up)
Scilab
<lang>tiles=[1:15,0]; solution=[tiles(1:4);...
tiles(5:8);...
tiles(9:12);...
tiles(13:16)];
solution=string(solution); solution(16)=" ";
init_pos=grand(1,"prm",tiles); puzzle=[init_pos(1:4);...
init_pos(5:8);...
init_pos(9:12);...
init_pos(13:16)];
puzzle=string(puzzle);
blank_pos=[]; for i=1:4
for j=1:4
if puzzle(i,j)=="0" then
blank_pos=[i,j];
end
end
end
clear i j
puzzle(blank_pos(1),blank_pos(2))=" ";
n_moves=0; solved=%F; while ~solved
disp(puzzle); mprintf("\n");
neighbours=[0 -1;...
-1 0;...
0 +1;...
+1 0];
neighbours(:,1)=neighbours(:,1)+blank_pos(1);
neighbours(:,2)=neighbours(:,2)+blank_pos(2);
neighbours=[neighbours zeros(4,1)]
i=0;
for i=1:4
if ~(neighbours(i,1)<1 | neighbours(i,1)>4 |...
neighbours(i,2)<1 | neighbours(i,2)>4) then
neighbours(i,3)=evstr(puzzle(neighbours(i,1),neighbours(i,2)));
end
end
valid_move=%F;
while ~valid_move
move_tile=[];
move_tile=input("Enter tile you want to move (0 to exit):");
if sum(move_tile==neighbours(:,3)) & move_tile~=0 then
valid_move=%T;
n_moves=n_moves+1;
elseif move_tile==0 then
disp("Exit");
abort
else
disp(puzzle);
disp("Invalid input");
end
end
neighb_i=find(neighbours(:,3)'==move_tile);
puzzle(neighbours(neighb_i,1),neighbours(neighb_i,2))=" ";
puzzle(blank_pos(1),blank_pos(2))=string(move_tile);
blank_pos=neighbours(neighb_i,1:2);
if sum(puzzle==solution)==16 then
solved=%T;
disp(puzzle);
mprintf("\n"+...
" _____ _ _ _ \n"+...
" / ____| | | | | |\n"+...
" | (___ ___ | |_ _____ __| | |\n"+...
" \\___ \\ / _ \\| \\ \\ / / _ \\/ _` | |\n"+...
" ____) | (_) | |\\ V / __/ (_| |_|\n"+...
" |_____/ \\___/|_| \\_/ \\___|\\__,_(_)\n")
end
end
disp("Solved in "+string(n_moves)+" moves.");</lang>
- Output:
This test was run while making init_pos=[1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 14 10 11 13 0 15 12].
!1 2 3 4 ! ! ! !5 6 7 8 ! ! ! !9 14 10 11 ! ! ! !13 15 12 ! Enter tile you want to move (0 to exit): 14 !1 2 3 4 ! ! ! !5 6 7 8 ! ! ! !9 10 11 ! ! ! !13 14 15 12 ! Enter tile you want to move (0 to exit): 10 !1 2 3 4 ! ! ! !5 6 7 8 ! ! ! !9 10 11 ! ! ! !13 14 15 12 ! Enter tile you want to move (0 to exit): 11 !1 2 3 4 ! ! ! !5 6 7 8 ! ! ! !9 10 11 ! ! ! !13 14 15 12 ! Enter tile you want to move (0 to exit): 12 !1 2 3 4 ! ! ! !5 6 7 8 ! ! ! !9 10 11 12 ! ! ! !13 14 15 ! _____ _ _ _ / ____| | | | | | | (___ ___ | |_ _____ __| | | \___ \ / _ \| \ \ / / _ \/ _` | | ____) | (_) | |\ V / __/ (_| |_| |_____/ \___/|_| \_/ \___|\__,_(_) Solved in 4 moves.
Simula
<lang simula> BEGIN
CLASS FIFTEENPUZZLE(NUMTILES, SIDE, WIDTH, SEED);
INTEGER NUMTILES, SIDE, WIDTH, SEED;
BEGIN
INTEGER ARRAY TILES(0:NUMTILES);
INTEGER BLANKPOS;
PROCEDURE INVARIANT;
BEGIN
INTEGER ARRAY UQ(0:NUMTILES);
INTEGER I;
FOR I := 0 STEP 1 UNTIL NUMTILES DO UQ(I) := -1;
FOR I := 0 STEP 1 UNTIL NUMTILES DO
BEGIN
INTEGER T;
T := TILES(I);
IF UQ(T) <> -1 THEN ERROR("TILES ARE NOT UNIQUE");
UQ(T) := T;
END;
IF TILES(BLANKPOS) <> 0 THEN ERROR("BLANKPOS IS NOT BLANK");
END;
PROCEDURE SHUFFLE;
BEGIN
BOOLEAN B;
WHILE NOT B DO
BEGIN
INTEGER N;
RESET;
! DON'T INCLUDE THE BLANK SPACE IN THE SHUFFLE, LEAVE IT
! IN THE HOME POSITION ;
N := NUMTILES;
WHILE N > 1 DO
BEGIN
INTEGER R, TMP;
R := UNIFORM(0, N, SEED); N := N - 1;
TMP := TILES(R);
TILES(R) := TILES(N);
TILES(N) := TMP;
END;
B := ISSOLVABLE;
END;
INVARIANT;
END;
PROCEDURE RESET;
BEGIN
INTEGER I;
FOR I := 0 STEP 1 UNTIL NUMTILES DO
TILES(I) := MOD((I + 1), NUMTILES + 1);
BLANKPOS := NUMTILES;
INVARIANT;
END;
! ONLY HALF THE PERMUTATIONS OF THE PUZZLE ARE SOLVABLE.
! WHENEVER A TILE IS PRECEDED BY A TILE WITH HIGHER VALUE IT COUNTS
! AS AN INVERSION. IN OUR CASE, WITH THE BLANK SPACE IN THE HOME
! POSITION, THE NUMBER OF INVERSIONS MUST BE EVEN FOR THE PUZZLE
! TO BE SOLVABLE.
! SEE ALSO:
! WWW.CS.BHAM.AC.UK/~MDR/TEACHING/MODULES04/JAVA2/TILESSOLVABILITY.HTML
;
BOOLEAN PROCEDURE ISSOLVABLE;
BEGIN
INTEGER COUNTINVERSIONS;
INTEGER I, J;
FOR I := 0 STEP 1 UNTIL NUMTILES - 1 DO
FOR J := 0 STEP 1 UNTIL I - 1 DO
IF TILES(J) > TILES(I) THEN
COUNTINVERSIONS := COUNTINVERSIONS + 1;
ISSOLVABLE := MOD(COUNTINVERSIONS, 2) = 0;
END;
PROCEDURE PRINTBOARD;
BEGIN
INTEGER I, J;
PROCEDURE PRINTLINE;
BEGIN
INTEGER ROW, COL;
! +-----+-----+-----+-----+ ;
FOR ROW := 1 STEP 1 UNTIL SIDE DO
BEGIN
OUTCHAR('+');
FOR COL := 0 STEP 1 UNTIL WIDTH DO OUTCHAR('-');
END;
OUTCHAR('+');
OUTIMAGE;
END;
PROCEDURE PRINTCELL(T); INTEGER T;
BEGIN
IF T = 0 THEN
BEGIN
INTEGER R;
FOR R := 1 STEP 1 UNTIL WIDTH DO
OUTCHAR(' ');
END
ELSE OUTINT(T, WIDTH);
OUTCHAR(' ');
END;
! +-----+-----+-----+-----+
! | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
! +-----+-----+-----+-----+
! | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 |
! +-----+-----+-----+-----+
! | 9 | 10 | 11 | |
! +-----+-----+-----+-----+
! | 13 | 14 | 15 | 12 |
! +-----+-----+-----+-----+ ;
FOR I := 1 STEP 1 UNTIL SIDE DO
BEGIN
PRINTLINE;
OUTCHAR('|');
FOR J := 1 STEP 1 UNTIL SIDE DO
BEGIN
INTEGER T;
T := TILES((I - 1) * SIDE + (J - 1));
PRINTCELL(T);
OUTCHAR('|');
END;
OUTIMAGE;
END;
PRINTLINE;
END;
BOOLEAN PROCEDURE DONE;
BEGIN
BOOLEAN ORDERED;
INTEGER I, EXPECT;
ORDERED := TRUE;
EXPECT := 1;
FOR I := 0 STEP 1 UNTIL NUMTILES - 1 DO
BEGIN
IF I <> BLANKPOS THEN
BEGIN
IF TILES(I) <> EXPECT THEN
ORDERED := FALSE;
EXPECT := EXPECT + 1;
END;
END;
DONE := ORDERED;
END;
PROCEDURE REQUEST;
BEGIN
INTEGER ARRAY CANDIDATES(1:4);
INTEGER I, CANDCOUNT, CHOOSE;
BOOLEAN VALIDINPUT;
PROCEDURE ADDCAND(IDX); INTEGER IDX;
BEGIN
IF IDX >= 0 AND IDX <= NUMTILES THEN
BEGIN
CANDCOUNT := CANDCOUNT + 1;
CANDIDATES(CANDCOUNT) := TILES(IDX);
END;
END;
PRINTBOARD;
IF BLANKPOS <= NUMTILES - SIDE THEN ADDCAND(BLANKPOS + SIDE);
IF BLANKPOS >= SIDE THEN ADDCAND(BLANKPOS - SIDE);
IF MOD(BLANKPOS, SIDE) <> SIDE - 1 THEN ADDCAND(BLANKPOS + 1);
IF MOD(BLANKPOS, SIDE) <> 0 THEN ADDCAND(BLANKPOS - 1);
WHILE NOT VALIDINPUT DO
BEGIN
OUTTEXT("YOUR MOVE: ");
FOR I := 1 STEP 1 UNTIL CANDCOUNT DO
OUTINT(CANDIDATES(I), SIDE);
OUTIMAGE;
CHOOSE := ININT;
FOR I := 1 STEP 1 UNTIL CANDCOUNT DO
IF CHOOSE = CANDIDATES(I) THEN
BEGIN
INTEGER LOOKUP;
FOR LOOKUP := 0 STEP 1 UNTIL NUMTILES DO
IF NOT VALIDINPUT AND TILES(LOOKUP) = CHOOSE THEN
BEGIN
TILES(BLANKPOS) := TILES(LOOKUP);
TILES(LOOKUP) := 0;
BLANKPOS := LOOKUP;
INVARIANT;
VALIDINPUT := TRUE;
END;
END;
IF NOT VALIDINPUT THEN
BEGIN
OUTTEXT("INVALID INPUT!");
OUTIMAGE;
END;
END;
END;
SHUFFLE; END; REF(FIFTEENPUZZLE) P;
OUTTEXT("INPUT RANDOM SEED: ");
OUTIMAGE;
P :- NEW FIFTEENPUZZLE(15, 4, 3, ININT); ! ININT = RANDOM SEED ;
WHILE NOT P.DONE DO
P.REQUEST;
P.PRINTBOARD;
END.</lang>
- Output:
INPUT RANDOM SEED: 456 +----+----+----+----+ | 15 | 8 | 13 | 14 | +----+----+----+----+ | 1 | 2 | 9 | 4 | +----+----+----+----+ | 12 | 3 | 5 | 7 | +----+----+----+----+ | 11 | 6 | 10 | | +----+----+----+----+ YOUR MOVE: 7 10 7 +----+----+----+----+ | 15 | 8 | 13 | 14 | +----+----+----+----+ | 1 | 2 | 9 | 4 | +----+----+----+----+ | 12 | 3 | 5 | | +----+----+----+----+ | 11 | 6 | 10 | 7 | +----+----+----+----+ YOUR MOVE: 7 4 5 4 +----+----+----+----+ | 15 | 8 | 13 | 14 | +----+----+----+----+ | 1 | 2 | 9 | | +----+----+----+----+ | 12 | 3 | 5 | 4 | +----+----+----+----+ | 11 | 6 | 10 | 7 | +----+----+----+----+ YOUR MOVE: 4 14 9 ...
Standard ML
<lang sml> (* Load required Modules for Moscow ML *) load "Int"; load "Random";
(* Mutable Matrix *)
signature MATRIX =
sig
type 'a matrix
val construct : 'a -> int * int -> 'a matrix
val size : 'a matrix -> int * int
val get : 'a matrix -> int * int -> 'a
val set : 'a matrix -> int * int -> 'a -> unit
end
structure Matrix :> MATRIX = struct (* Array of rows, where the rows are a array of 'a *) type 'a matrix = 'a Array.array Array.array
fun 'a construct (a : 'a) (width, height) : 'a matrix = if width < 1 orelse height < 1 then raise Subscript else Array.tabulate (height, fn _ => Array.tabulate (width, fn _ => a))
fun size b = let val firstrow = Array.sub (b, 0) in (Array.length firstrow, Array.length b) end
fun get b (x, y) = Array.sub (Array.sub (b, y), x)
fun set b (x, y) v = Array.update (Array.sub (b, y), x, v) end
signature P15BOARD = sig type board datatype direction = North | East | South | West
val construct : int * int -> board val emptyField : board -> int * int val get : board -> int * int -> int option val size : board -> int * int
exception IllegalMove val moves : board -> int list val move : board -> int -> unit
val issolved : board -> bool end
(* Game Logic and data *)
structure Board :> P15BOARD = struct (* Matrix + empty Field position *) type board = int option Matrix.matrix * (int * int) ref
datatype direction = North | East | South | West
exception IllegalMove
fun numberat width (x, y) = (y*width + x + 1)
fun construct (width, height) = let val emptyBoard : int option Matrix.matrix = Matrix.construct NONE (width, height) in (* Fill the board with numbers *) List.tabulate (height, fn y => List.tabulate (width, fn x => Matrix.set emptyBoard (x, y) (SOME (numberat width (x, y))))); (* Clear the last field *) Matrix.set emptyBoard (width-1, height-1) NONE; (* Return the board *) (emptyBoard, ref (width-1, height-1)) end
fun emptyField (_, rfield) = !rfield
fun get (mat, _) (x, y) = Matrix.get mat (x, y)
fun size (mat, _) = Matrix.size mat
(* toggle the empty field with a given field *) fun toggle (mat, rpos) pos = let val pos' = !rpos val value = Matrix.get mat pos in Matrix.set mat pos NONE; Matrix.set mat pos' value; rpos := pos end
(* Get list of positions of the neighbors of a given field *) fun neighbors mat (x, y) : (int * int) list = let val (width, height) = Matrix.size mat val directions = [(x, y-1), (x+1, y), (x, y+1), (x-1, y)] in List.mapPartial (fn pos => SOME (Matrix.get mat pos; pos) handle Subscript => NONE) directions end
fun moves (mat, rpos) = let val neighbors = neighbors mat (!rpos) in map (fn pos => valOf (Matrix.get mat pos)) neighbors end
fun move (mat, rpos) m = let val (hx, hy) = !rpos val neighbors = neighbors mat (hx, hy) val optNeighbor = List.find (fn pos => SOME m = Matrix.get mat pos) neighbors in if isSome optNeighbor then toggle (mat, rpos) (valOf optNeighbor) else raise IllegalMove end
fun issolved board = let val (width, height) = size board val xs = List.tabulate (width, fn x => x) val ys = List.tabulate (height, fn y => y) in List.all (fn x => List.all (fn y => (x + 1 = width andalso y + 1 = height) orelse get board (x, y) = SOME (numberat width (x,y))) ys) xs end end
(* Board Shuffle *) signature BOARDSHUFFLE = sig val shuffle : Board.board -> int -> unit end
structure Shuffle :> BOARDSHUFFLE = struct (* * Note: Random Number Interfaces are different in SML/NJ and Moscow ML. Comment out the corresponding version: *)
(* (* SML/NJ - Version *) val time = Time.now () val timeInf = Time.toMicroseconds time val timens = Int.fromLarge (LargeInt.mod (timeInf, 1073741823)); val rand = Random.rand (timens, timens)
fun next n = Random.randRange (0, n) rand *)
(* Moscow ML - Version *) val generator = Random.newgen () fun next n = Random.range (0, n) generator
fun shuffle board 0 = if (Board.issolved board) then shuffle board 1 else ()
| shuffle board n =
let
val moves = Board.moves board
val move = List.nth (moves, next (List.length moves - 1))
in
Board.move board move;
shuffle board (n-1)
end
end
(* Console interface *)
signature CONSOLEINTERFACE = sig val start : unit -> unit val printBoard : Board.board -> unit end
structure Console :> CONSOLEINTERFACE = struct fun cls () = print "\^[[1;1H\^[[2J"
fun promptNumber prompt = let val () = print prompt (* Input + "\n" *) val line = valOf (TextIO.inputLine TextIO.stdIn) val length = String.size line val input = String.substring (line, 0, length - 1) val optnum = Int.fromString input in if isSome optnum then valOf optnum else (print "Input is not a number.\n"; promptNumber prompt) end
fun fieldToString (SOME x) = Int.toString x | fieldToString (NONE ) = ""
fun boardToString board = let val (width, height) = Board.size board val xs = List.tabulate (width, fn x => x) val ys = List.tabulate (height, fn y => y) in foldl (fn (y, str) => (foldl (fn (x, str') => str' ^ (fieldToString (Board.get board (x, y))) ^ "\t") str xs) ^ "\n") "" ys end
fun printBoard board = print (boardToString board)
fun loop board =
let
val rvalidInput = ref false
val rinput = ref 42
val () = cls ()
val () = printBoard board
in
(* Ask for a move and repeat until it is a valid move *)
while (not (!rvalidInput)) do
(
rinput := promptNumber "Input the number to move: ";
Board.move board (!rinput);
rvalidInput := true
) handle Board.IllegalMove => print "Illegal move!\n"
end
fun start () =
let
val () = cls ()
val () = print "Welcome to nxm-Puzzle!\n"
val (width, height) = (promptNumber "Enter the width: ", promptNumber "Enter the height: ")
val diff = (promptNumber "Enter the difficulty (number of shuffles): ")
val board = Board.construct (width, height)
in
Shuffle.shuffle board diff;
while (not (Board.issolved board)) do loop board;
print "Solved!\n"
end
end
val () = Console.start()
</lang>
Note:
The interface for generating random numbers is different in SML/NJ and Moscow ML. Comment out the corresponding parts of code.
The dimensions of the board (eg. 4x4) and the number of shuffles should be entered first.
Tcl
Works with Tcl/Tk 8.5
This program uses Tk, the graphical counterpart to Tcl. The tiles are made of a grid of buttons, and the text on the buttons is moved around.
The button "New game" selects one of the canned puzzles. The window-title is used to show messages.
<lang tcl> # 15puzzle_21.tcl - HaJo Gurt - 2016-02-16
# http://wiki.tcl.tk/14403
#: 15-Puzzle - with grid, buttons and colors
package require Tk
set progVersion "15-Puzzle v0.21"; # 2016-02-20
global Msg Moves PuzzNr GoalNr set Msg " " set Moves -1 set PuzzNr 0 set GoalNr 0
set Keys { 11 12 13 14 21 22 23 24 31 32 33 34 41 42 43 44 }
set Puzz_T { T h e F i f t e e n P u z z l e }; # Title
set Goal_T { x x x F i f t e e n x x x x x x }; # Title-highlight
set Puzz_0 { E G P N C A F B D L H I O K M _ }; # - / 116
set Puzz_1 { C A F B E G P N D L H I O K M _ }; # E / 156 from Tk-demo
set Puzz_2 { E O N K M I _ G B H L P C F A D }; # L / 139
set Puzz_3 { P G M _ E L N D O K H I B C F A }; # EK / 146
set Goal_0 { A B C D E F G H I K L M N O P _ }; # Rows LTR / 1:E : 108
set Goal_1 { A E I N B F K O C G L P D H M _ }; # Cols forw. / 1:M : 114
set Puzz $Puzz_T set Goal $Goal_T
- ---+----1----+----2----+----3----+----4----+----5----+----6----+----7----+---
proc Move {k} {
# find the key with the empty tile:
set e -1
foreach p $::Keys {
set t [.key$p cget -text]
if { $t eq "_" } { set e $p }
}
if {$e < 0} {return 0}; # no key with empty tile found
if {$k == $e} {return 0}; # click was on the empty tile
set t [.key$k cget -text] .key$e config -text $t .key$k config -text "_"; return 1 }
proc Check {} {
set ok 0
set i 0
foreach k $::Keys {
set t [.key$k cget -text]
set g [lindex $::Goal $i]
incr i
.key$k config -background white
if { $t eq $g } { .key$k config -background lightgreen; incr ok }
if { $t eq "_" } { .key$k config -background gray }
}
# Solved:
update
if { $ok > 15 && $::Moves > 0} {
foreach k $::Keys {
.key$k flash; bell;
}
}
}
proc Click {k} {
set ::Msg ""
set val [.key$k cget -text]
set ok [Move $k]
incr ::Moves $ok wm title . "$::Moves moves" Check }
proc ShowKeys {} {
set i 0
foreach k $::Keys {
set t [lindex $::Puzz $i]
incr i
.key$k config -text $t -background white;
}
Check
}
proc NewGame {N} {
global Msg Moves PuzzNr GoalNr
incr PuzzNr $N
if { $PuzzNr > 3} { set PuzzNr 0 }
set ::Goal $::Goal_0;
if { $GoalNr == 1} { set ::Goal $::Goal_1; }
if { $PuzzNr == 0} { set ::Puzz $::Puzz_0; }
if { $PuzzNr == 1} { set ::Puzz $::Puzz_1; }
if { $PuzzNr == 2} { set ::Puzz $::Puzz_2; }
if { $PuzzNr == 3} { set ::Puzz $::Puzz_3; }
set Msg "Try again"
if { $N>0 } { set Msg "New game" }
set Moves 0 ShowKeys wm title . "$Msg " }
- ---+----1----+----2----+----3----+----4----+----5----+----6----+----7----+---
button .reset -text "Restart" -fg blue -command {NewGame 0}
button .newGame -text "New Game" -fg red -command {NewGame +1}
foreach k $::Keys {
button .key$k -text "$k" -width 4 -command "Click $k"
}
grid .newGame x .reset x -sticky nsew
grid .key11 .key12 .key13 .key14 -sticky nsew -padx 2 -pady 2 grid .key21 .key22 .key23 .key24 -sticky nsew -padx 2 -pady 2 grid .key31 .key32 .key33 .key34 -sticky nsew -padx 2 -pady 2 grid .key41 .key42 .key43 .key44 -sticky nsew -padx 2 -pady 2
grid configure .newGame .reset -columnspan 2 -padx 4
ShowKeys; Check wm title . $progVersion focus -force . wm resizable . 0 0
- For some more versions, see: http://wiki.tcl.tk/15067 : Classic 15 Puzzle and http://wiki.tcl.tk/15085 : N-Puzzle
</lang>
Wolfram Language
<lang mathematica> grid = MapThread[{#1,#2} &, {Range @ 16, Range @ 16}]
Move[x_] := (empty = Select[grid, #1==16 &]1,2;
If[(empty == x+4) || (empty == x-4) ||
(Mod[empty,4] != 0 && empty == x-1) ||
(Mod[empty,4] != 1 && empty == x+1),
oldEmpty = gridempty1;
gridempty1 = gridx1;
gridx1 = oldEmpty])
CButton[{x_,loc_}] := If[x==16, Null, Button[x,Move @ loc]]
Dynamic @ Grid @ Partition[CButton /@ grid,4] </lang>
Visual Basic .NET
<lang vbnet>Public Class Board
Inherits System.Windows.Forms.Form
Const XbyX = 4 Const XSize = 60
Private Empty As New Panel Private Tiles As New List(Of Tile) Private Moves As Integer
Public Sub New()
Me.Text = XbyX ^ 2 - 1 & " Puzzle Game"
Me.ClientSize = New Size(XbyX * XSize, XbyX * XSize)
Me.FormBorderStyle = FormBorderStyle.FixedToolWindow
Restart()
End Sub
Public Sub Restart()
Dim Start As List(Of Integer) = MakeCompleteable(GetRandamStartOrder())
Empty.SetBounds(((XbyX ^ 2 - 1) Mod XbyX) * XSize, ((XbyX ^ 2 - 1) \ XbyX) * XSize, XSize, XSize)
Me.Moves = 0
Me.Tiles.Clear()
Me.Controls.Clear()
For No = 0 To XbyX ^ 2 - 2
Dim Tile As New Tile
Tile.Text = Start(No)
Tile.Board = Me
Tile.SetBounds((No Mod XbyX) * XSize, (No \ XbyX) * XSize, XSize, XSize)
Me.Tiles.Add(Tile)
Me.Controls.Add(Tile)
Next
End Sub
Public Sub IsComplete()
Me.Moves += 1
If Empty.Left = ((XbyX ^ 2 - 1) Mod XbyX) * XSize AndAlso Empty.Top = ((XbyX ^ 2 - 1) \ XbyX) * XSize Then
Me.Tiles.Sort()
For x = 1 To XbyX ^ 2 - 1
If Not Tiles(x - 1).Text = x Then
Exit Sub
End If
Next
MsgBox($"Completed in {Me.Moves} Moves!", MsgBoxStyle.Information, "Winner")
Restart()
End If
End Sub
Public Class Tile
Inherits Button
Implements IComparable(Of Tile)
Public Board As Board
Private Sub Tile_Click(sender As Object, e As EventArgs) Handles Me.Click
With Board.Empty
If Me.Left = .Left AndAlso (Me.Top + Me.Height = .Top OrElse .Top + .Height = Me.Top) Then
Swap()
ElseIf Me.Top = .Top AndAlso (Me.Left + Me.Width = .Left OrElse .Left + .Width = Me.Left) Then
Swap()
End If
End With
End Sub
Private Sub Swap()
Dim p = Board.Empty.Location
Board.Empty.Location = Me.Location
Me.Location = p
Board.IsComplete()
End Sub
Public Function CompareTo(other As Tile) As Integer Implements IComparable(Of Tile).CompareTo
Dim Result = Me.Top.CompareTo(other.Top)
If Result = 0 Then
Return Me.Left.CompareTo(other.Left)
End If
Return Result
End Function
End Class
Public Function GetRandamStartOrder() As List(Of Integer)
Dim List As New List(Of Integer)
Dim Random As New Random()
Do While List.Count < XbyX ^ 2 - 1
Dim Value As Integer = Random.Next(1, XbyX ^ 2)
If Not List.Contains(Value) Then
List.Add(Value)
End If
Loop
Return List
End Function
Public Function MakeCompleteable(List As List(Of Integer)) As List(Of Integer)
'ToDo
Return List
End Function
End Class</lang>
VBA
This allows the user to specify the size of the grid (N x N). Only solvable layouts are displayed.
This uses InputBoxes to display the grid of tiles, and prompts the user to enter the number on the tile they wish to move into the empty space.
The last move is displayed on the input box, or an error message if an invalid move is attempted. When the puzzle is solved, the move count is displayed.
<lang vb> Public iSide As Integer Public iSize As Integer Public iGrid() As Integer Public lMoves As Long Public sMessage As String Public Const sTitle As String = "Tile Puzzle"
Sub PlayGame()
Dim iNum As Integer Dim i As Integer Dim vInput As Variant
DefineGrid:
vInput = InputBox("Enter size of grid, as a whole number" & String(2, vbCr) & "(e.g. for a 4 x 4 grid, enter '4')", sTitle, 4)
If vInput = "" Then Exit Sub
If Not IsNumeric(vInput) Then GoTo DefineGrid
iSide = vInput
If iSide < 3 Or iNum > 10 Then GoTo DefineGrid
iSize = iSide ^ 2
ReDim iGrid(1 To iSize)
Initalize:
InitializeGrid
If Not IsSolvable Then GoTo Initalize
GetInput:
vInput = InputBox(ShowGrid & vbCr & "Enter number to move into empty tile", sTitle)
If vInput = "" Then
If MsgBox("Are you sure? This will end the current game.", vbExclamation + vbYesNo, sTitle) = vbYes Then Exit Sub
End If
If Not IsNumeric(vInput) Then
sMessage = "'" & vInput & "' is not a valid tile"
GoTo GetInput
End If
iNum = vInput
If iNum < 1 Or iNum > iSize - 1 Then
sMessage = iNum & " is not a valid tile"
GoTo GetInput
End If
i = FindTile(iNum)
If Not ValidMove(i) Then GoTo GetInput
MoveTile (i)
If TestGrid Then
MsgBox "SUCCESS! You solved the puzzle in " & lMoves & " moves", vbInformation + vbOKOnly, sTitle
Else
GoTo GetInput
End If
End Sub
Function RandomTile() As Integer
Randomize RandomTile = Int(Rnd * iSize) + 1
End Function
Function GetX(ByVal i As Integer) As Integer
GetX = Int((i - 1) / iSide) + 1
End Function
Function GetY(ByVal i As Integer) As Integer
GetY = (i - 1) Mod iSide + 1
End Function
Function GetI(ByVal x As Integer, y As Integer)
GetI = (x - 1) * iSide + y
End Function
Function InitializeGrid()
Dim i As Integer
Dim x As Integer
Dim y As Integer
sMessage = "New " & iSide & " x " & iSide & " game started" & vbCr
For i = 1 To iSize
iGrid(i) = 0
Next i
For i = 1 To iSize - 1
Do
x = RandomTile
If iGrid(x) = 0 Then iGrid(x) = i
Loop Until iGrid(x) = i
Next i
lMoves = 0
End Function
Function IsSolvable() As Boolean
Dim i As Integer
Dim j As Integer
Dim iCount As Integer
For i = 1 To iSize - 1
For j = i + 1 To iSize
If iGrid(j) < iGrid(i) And iGrid(j) > 0 Then iCount = iCount + 1
Next j
Next i
If iSide Mod 2 Then
IsSolvable = Not iCount Mod 2
Else
IsSolvable = iCount Mod 2 = GetX(FindTile(0)) Mod 2
End If
End Function
Function TestGrid() As Boolean
Dim i As Integer
For i = 1 To iSize - 1
If Not iGrid(i) = i Then
TestGrid = False
Exit Function
End If
Next i
TestGrid = True
End Function
Function FindTile(ByVal iNum As Integer) As Integer
Dim i As Integer
For i = 1 To iSize
If iGrid(i) = iNum Then
FindTile = i
Exit Function
End If
Next i
End Function
Function ValidMove(ByVal i As Integer) As Boolean
Dim e As Integer
Dim xDiff As Integer
Dim yDiff As Integer
e = FindTile(0)
xDiff = GetX(i) - GetX(e)
yDiff = GetY(i) - GetY(e)
If xDiff = 0 Then
If yDiff = 1 Then
sMessage = "Tile " & iGrid(i) & " was moved left"
ValidMove = True
ElseIf yDiff = -1 Then
sMessage = "Tile " & iGrid(i) & " was moved right"
ValidMove = True
End If
ElseIf yDiff = 0 Then
If xDiff = 1 Then
sMessage = "Tile " & iGrid(i) & " was moved up"
ValidMove = True
ElseIf xDiff = -1 Then
sMessage = "Tile " & iGrid(i) & " was moved down"
ValidMove = True
End If
End If
If Not ValidMove Then sMessage = "Tile " & iGrid(i) & " may not be moved"
End Function
Function MoveTile(ByVal i As Integer)
Dim e As Integer e = FindTile(0) iGrid(e) = iGrid(i) iGrid(i) = 0 lMoves = lMoves + 1
End Function
Function ShowGrid()
Dim x As Integer
Dim y As Integer
Dim i As Integer
Dim sNum As String
Dim s As String
For x = 1 To iSide
For y = 1 To iSide
sNum = iGrid(GetI(x, y))
If sNum = "0" Then sNum = ""
s = s & sNum & vbTab
Next y
s = s & vbCr
Next x
If Not sMessage = "" Then
s = s & vbCr & sMessage & vbCr
End If
ShowGrid = s
End Function </lang>
Sample output:
10 4 3 14 9 15 1 6 12 11 7 8 2 5 13 New 4 x 4 game started Enter number to move into empty tile
X86_64 Assembly
<lang assembly> ; Puzzle15 by grosged (march 2019)
; How to play ?.. Just press one of the arrow keys then [enter] to valid
; ( press [Ctrl+C] to escape )
segment .data
check: db "1 2 3 4",10," 5 6 7 8",10," 9 10 11 12",10," 13 14 1" puzzle: db 27,"c",10," 1 2 3 4",10," 5 6 7 8",10," 9 10 11 12",10," 13 14 15 ",10,10 db " Direction ?",13 db " Well done ! ",10,10 inKey: dw 0,0,0,0
segment .text global _start
_start: mov rax,100 syscall mov rcx,rax shr rcx,3 and rcx,255 and rax,31 lea rsi,[_start+rax] mov rbx,15
Mixing: push rcx mov di,word[rsi+rcx*2] mov rcx,8 quatre: mov ax,di shr di,2 and ax,3 add ax,65 call SWAPPIN loop quatre pop rcx loop Mixing cmp cx,ax
MainLp: mov rdx,80 Succes: lea rsi,[puzzle] mov rdi,1 mov rax,1 End?: syscall mov rax,60 je End? mov rdx,8 lea rsi,[inKey] mov rdi,0 mov rax,0 syscall mov al,byte [rsi+rax-2] call SWAPPIN lea rsi,[check] lea rdi,[puzzle+5] mov rcx,7 repe cmpsq jne MainLp mov rdx,95 jmp Succes
SWAPPIN:mov rdx,rbx cmp al,"A" jne NotUp add rbx,4 cmp rbx,16 cmovae rbx,rdx NotUp: cmp al,"B" jne NotDwn sub rbx,4 cmovc rbx,rdx NotDwn: cmp al,"C" jne NotLft test rbx,3 jz Endcll dec rbx NotLft: cmp al,"D" jne Endcll inc rbx test rbx,3 cmovz rbx,rdx Endcll: mov ax," " xchg ax,word[puzzle+4+rbx*4] mov word[puzzle+4+rdx*4],ax ret</lang>
Yabasic
<lang Yabasic>dx = 4 : dy = 4 : dxy = dx * dy dim grid(dx, dy)
dim t(dxy)
for x = 1 to dx for y = 1 to dy fin = false repeat i = int(ran(dxy) + 1) if t(i) = 0 then t(i) = 1 fin = true if i < dxy then grid(x, y) = i else ex = x : ey = y end if end if until(fin = true) next y next x
drawTable()
repeat moveTile() drawTable() until(finish())
print "\n\n\nNumber of movements: ",mov,"\nEnd\n"
sub finish() local x, y, v
for y = 1 to dy for x = 1 to dx v = v + 1 if (v < dxy) and (grid(x, y) <> v) return false next x next y return true end sub
sub moveTile() local direction$
direction$ = inkey$
switch direction$ case "up": if (ey + 1) < (dy + 1) then grid(ex, ey) = grid(ex, ey + 1) : ey = ey + 1 end if : break case "down": if (ey - 1) > 0 then grid(ex, ey) = grid(ex, ey - 1) : ey = ey - 1 end if : break case "right": if (ex - 1) > 0 then grid(ex, ey) = grid(ex - 1, ey) : ex = ex - 1 end if : break case "left": if (ex + 1) < (dx + 1) then grid(ex, ey) = grid(ex + 1, ey) : ex = ex + 1 end if : break default: return : break end switch mov = mov + 1 grid(ex, ey) = 0 end sub
sub drawTable() local x, y
clear screen
print " Use the cursor keys"
for x = 1 to dx for y = 1 to dy print at(x * 3, y * 2); if grid(x, y) then print color("yellow","magenta") grid(x, y) using "##" else print " " end if next y next x end sub</lang>
Adaptation from Phix solution <lang Yabasic>board$ = "123456789ABCDEF0" solve$ = board$ pos = 16
sub print_board()
local i, n$
clear screen
for i = 1 to len(board$)
if i = pos then
print " ";
else
n$ = str$(dec(mid$(board$, i, 1)), "###")
print n$;
end if
if mod(i, 4) = 0 print
next
print
end sub
sub move(d)
local new_pos, delta(4)
delta(1) = 4 : delta(2) = 1 : delta(3) = -1 : delta(4) = -4
new_pos = pos + delta(d)
if new_pos >= 1 and new_pos <= 16 and (mod(pos, 4) = mod(new_pos, 4) or floor((pos - 1) / 4) = floor((new_pos - 1) / 4)) then
mid$(board$, pos, 1) = mid$(board$, new_pos, 1)
mid$(board$, new_pos, 1) = "0"
pos = new_pos
end if
end sub
for i = 1 to 100 : move(int(ran(4))+1) : next do
print_board()
if board$ = solve$ break
c = ((instr("esc up left rightdown ", inkey$) - 1) / 5)
if c < 1 break
move(c)
loop print "solved!\n" </lang>
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