Wireworld: Difference between revisions
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Revision as of 20:09, 9 September 2009
You are encouraged to solve this task according to the task description, using any language you may know.
Wireworld is a cellular automaton with some similarities to Conway's Game of Life. It is capable of doing sophisticated computations (e.g., calculating primeness!) with appropriate programs, and is much simpler to program for.
A wireworld arena consists of a cartesian grid of cells, each of which can be in one of four states. All cell transitions happen simultaneously. The cell transition rules are this:
Input State | Output State | Condition |
---|---|---|
empty | empty | |
electron head | electron tail | |
electron tail | conductor | |
conductor | electron head | if 1 or 2 cells in the neighborhood of the cell are in the state “electron head” |
conductor | conductor | otherwise |
To implement this task, create a program that reads a wireworld program from a file and displays an animation of the processing. Here is a sample description file (using “H” for an electron head, “t” for a tail, “.” for a conductor and a space for empty) you may wish to test with, which demonstrates two cycle-3 generators and an inhibit gate:
tH......... . . ... . . Ht.. ......
While text-only implementations of this task are possible, mapping cells to pixels is advisable if you wish to be able to display large designs. The logic is not significantly more complex.
Python
<lang python> Wireworld implementation.
from io import StringIO from collections import namedtuple from pprint import pprint as pp import copy
WW = namedtuple('WW', 'world, w, h') head, tail, conductor, empty = allstates = 'Ht. '
infile = StringIO(\
tH.........
. .
...
. . Ht.. ......\ )
def readfile(f):
'file > initial world configuration' world = f.readlines() world = [row.rstrip('\r\n') for row in world] height = len(world) width = max(len(row) for row in world) # fill right and frame in empty cells nonrow = [ " %*s " % (-width, "") ] world = ( nonrow + [ " %*s " % (-width, row) for row in world ] + nonrow[:] ) world = [list(row) for row in world] return WW(world, width, height)
def newcell(currentworld, x, y):
istate = currentworld[y][x] assert istate in allstates, 'Wireworld cell set to unknown value "%s"' % istate if istate == head: ostate = tail elif istate == tail: ostate = conductor elif istate == empty: ostate = empty else: # istate == conductor n = sum( currentworld[y+dy][x+dx] == head for dx,dy in ( (-1,-1), (-1,+0), (-1,+1), (+0,-1), (+0,+1), (+1,-1), (+1,+0), (+1,+1) ) ) ostate = head if 1 <= n <= 2 else conductor return ostate
def nextgen(ww):
'compute next generation of wireworld' world, width, height = ww newworld = copy.deepcopy(world) for x in range(1, width+1): for y in range(1, height+1): newworld[y][x] = newcell(world, x, y) return WW(newworld, width, height)
def world2string(ww):
return '\n'.join( .join(row[1:-1]).rstrip() for row in ww.world[1:-1] )
ww = readfile(infile) infile.close()
for gen in range(10):
print ( ("\n%3i " % gen) + '=' * (ww.w-4) + '\n' ) print ( world2string(ww) ) ww = nextgen(ww)
</lang>
Sample Output
0 ======= tH......... . . ... . . Ht.. ...... 1 ======= .tH........ H . ... H . t... ...... 2 ======= H.tH....... t . ... t . .H.. ...... 3 ======= tH.tH...... . H ... . . HtH. ...... 4 ======= .tH.tH..... H t HHH H . t.tH ...... 5 ======= H.tH.tH.... t . ttt t . .H.t ...... 6 ======= tH.tH.tH... . H ... . . HtH. ...... 7 ======= .tH.tH.tH.. H t HHH H . t.tH ...... 8 ======= H.tH.tH.tH. t . ttt t . .H.t ...... 9 ======= tH.tH.tH.tH . H ... . . HtH. ......
Ruby
Text only.
<lang ruby>class WireWorld
def initialize(filename) max_row = 0 @grid = File.foreach(filename).collect do |line| line.chomp! max_row = [max_row, line.length].max line.each_char.collect {|char| Cell.new(char)} end @width = max_row @height = grid.length pad_grid end attr_reader :grid, :width, :height
# ensure all rows are the same length by padding short rows with empty cells def pad_grid @grid.each do |row| if @width > row.length row.concat(Array.new(@width - row.length, Cell.new(' '))) end end end
# the "to_string" method def to_s @grid.inject() do |str, row| str << row.join() << "\n" end end
# find the neighbour cells of a position in the grid def neighbours(x, y) neighbours = [] ([x-1, 0].max .. [x+1, @width-1].min).each do |xx| ([y-1, 0].max .. [y+1, @height-1].min).each do |yy| neighbours << @grid[yy][xx] unless x == xx and y == yy end end neighbours end
# transition all cells def transition changed = 0 new_grid = [] @grid.each_with_index do |row, y| new_row = [] row.each_with_index do |cell, x| new_cell = cell.transition( neighbours(x,y) ) changed += 1 if cell != new_cell puts "#{cell} -> #{new_cell}" if $DEBUG new_row << new_cell end new_grid << new_row end @grid = new_grid changed end
end
class Cell
EMPTY = ' ' HEAD = 'H' TAIL = 't' CONDUCTOR = '.'
def initialize(char) unless [EMPTY, HEAD, TAIL, CONDUCTOR].include?(char) if $DEBUG warn "found invalid character '#{char}' -- ignoring it and using empty" end char = EMPTY end @state = char end attr_reader :state
def empty?; @state == EMPTY; end def head?; @state == HEAD; end def tail?; @state == TAIL; end def conductor?; @state == CONDUCTOR; end
def transition(neighbours) p [neighbours] if $DEBUG next_state = if empty? then EMPTY elsif head? then TAIL elsif tail? then HEAD elsif neighbours.count {|cell| cell.head?}.between?(1,2) then HEAD else CONDUCTOR end self.class.new(next_state) end
def to_s @state end def inspect @state.inspect end def ==(other) @state == other.state end
end
def evolve(filename)
ww = WireWorld.new(filename) puts "size = #{ww.width} x #{ww.height}" if $DEBUG puts ww prev_changed = -1 loop do puts num_changed = ww.transition puts ww break if num_changed == prev_changed prev_changed = num_changed end
end
evolve 'wireworld.data'</lang>
Outputs
tH......... . . ... . . Ht.. ...... HtH........ H . ... H . tH.. ...... tHtH....... t . ... t . HtH. ...... HtHtH...... H H ... H . tHtH ...... tHtHtH..... t t HHH t H HtHt ...... HtHtHtH.... H H ttt H t tHtH H..... tHtHtHtH... t t HHH t H HtHt tH.... HtHtHtHtH.. H H ttt H t tHtH HtH... tHtHtHtHtH. t t HHH t H HtHt tHtH.. HtHtHtHtHtH H H ttt H t tHtH HtHtH. tHtHtHtHtHt t t HHH t H HtHt tHtHtH HtHtHtHtHtH H H ttt H t tHtH HtHtHt
Tcl
<lang tcl>package require Tcl 8.6 package require Tk
- The color scheme.
- The order is: empty, conductor, electronTail, electronHead
set colors "#000000 #000080 #8080ff #ffffff"
- Encapsulate the per-cell logic in a class to simplify it
oo::class create wireCell {
variable X Y S0 S1 Neighbours
constructor {x y state} {
global cells colors upvar 1 at at
set X $x set Y $y
switch -- $state conductor { set S0 1 } electronTail { set S0 2 } electronHead { set S0 3 } default { return -code error "invalid state name \"$state\"" } lappend cells [self] set at($x,$y) [self] pixels put [lindex $colors $S0] -to $x $y
}
# Method used to allow each (non-background) cell to know about its # surrouding non-background cells. This makes the connectivity # calculations much simpler and faster! method initConnectivity {} {
upvar 1 at at foreach dx {-1 -1 -1 0 0 1 1 1} dy {-1 0 1 -1 1 -1 0 1} { set pos [expr {$X+$dx}],[expr {$Y+$dy}] if {[info exists at($pos)]} { lappend Neighbours $at($pos) } }
}
method state {} {return $S0}
# Perform the transition in two stages, so that we can do the transition # "simultaneously" across all cells. The transition0 method calculates # what state we're going to change to, and the transition1 method actually # moves to the state. method transition0 {} {
if {$S0 == 3} { set S1 2 } elseif {$S0 == 2} { set S1 1 } else { set count 0 foreach n $Neighbours { incr count [expr {[$n state] == 3}] } set S1 [expr {($count == 1 || $count == 2) ? 3 : 1}] }
} method transition1 {} {
if {$S0 != $S1} { global colors set S0 $S1 pixels put [lindex $colors $S0] -to $X $Y }
}
}
- How to load a layout/program from a file
proc loadWires filename {
global cells colors
# Read the file in set f [open $filename] set data [read $f] close $f
# Initialize the list of interacting cells and the connectivity map set cells {} array set at {}
# Calculate the width of the program set lines [split $data \n] set len 0 foreach line $lines {
if {[string length $line] > $len} { set len [string length $line] }
}
# Create the arena image image create photo pixels
# Initialize the image to "empty cell"s; interacting parts will be overlaid pixels put [lindex $colors 0] -to 0 0 $len [llength $lines]
# Parse the input data and create the interacting cells set y 0 foreach line $lines {
set x 0 foreach char [split $line {}] { switch $char { H { wireCell new $x $y electronHead } t { wireCell new $x $y electronTail } . { wireCell new $x $y conductor } } incr x } incr y
}
# Now inform each cell about its connectivity foreach cell $cells {
$cell initConnectivity
} unset at
}
- How to perform the animation timestep
proc timeStep {t} {
global cells
# Arm the transition for all interacting cells foreach cell $cells {
$cell transition0
} # Perform the transition for all interacting cells foreach cell $cells {
$cell transition1
}
# Reschedule after $t [list timeStep $t]
}
- Initialize the GUI (such as it is) and load and start the animation
wm title . "Wireworld: [lindex $argv 0]" loadWires [lindex $argv 0] pack [label .l -image pixels] after 1000 timeStep 250</lang>