Temperature conversion/REXX
This is the unabridged version of the REXX program to solve the Rosetta Code task of Temperature conversion. <lang rexx>/*REXX program converts temperatures for a number of temperature scales.*/ call e /*let's see the precision we have*/ numeric digits length(e) /*big digits for Planck & Daltons*/ parse arg tList /*get specified temperature lists*/
do until tList= /*process a list of temperatures.*/
parse var tList x ',' tList /*temps are separated by commas. */
x=translate(x,'((',"[{") /*support other grouping symbols.*/
x=space(x); parse var x z '(' /*handle any comments (if any). */
parse upper var z z ' TO ' ! . /*separate the TO option from #*/
if !== then !='ALL'; all=!=='ALL' /*allow specification of "TO" opt*/
if z== then call serr 'no arguments were specified.'
_=verify(z, '+-.0123456789') /*a list of valid number thingys.*/
n=z
if _\==0 then do
if _==1 then call serr 'illegal temperature:' z
n=left(z, _-1) /*pick off the number (hopefully)*/
u=strip(substr(z, _)) /*pick off the temperature unit. */
end
else u='k' /*assume kelvin as per task req.*/
if \datatype(n,'N') then call serr 'illegal number:' n
if \all then do /*there is a TO ααα scale.*/
call scaleName ! /*process the TO abbreviation*/
!=sn /*assign the full name to ! */
end /* ! now contains scale full name*/
call scaleName u /*allow alternate scale spellings*/
select /*convert ──► °F temperatures. */
when sn=='AMONTON' then F= n * 8.37209 - 399.163
when sn=='BARNSDORF' then F= n * 6.85714 + 6.85714
when sn=='BEAUMUIR' then F= n * 2.22951 + 32
when sn=='BENART' then F= n * 1.43391 + 31.2831
when sn=='BERGEN' then F=(n + 23.8667) * 15/14
when sn=='BRISSEN' then F= n * 32/15 + 32
when sn=='CELSIUS' then F= n * 9/5 + 32 /*a single C is taken as Celsius.*/
when sn=='CIMENTO' then F= n * 2.70677 - 4.54135
when sn=='CRUQUIUS' then F= n * 0.409266 - 405.992
when sn=='DALENCE' then F= n * 2.7 + 59
when sn=='DALTON' then F=273.15 * pow(273.15/273.15, n/100) * 1.8 - 459.67
when sn=='DANIELL' then F= n * 7.27194 + 55.9994
when sn=='DE LA HIRE' then F=(n - 3) / 0.549057
when sn=='DE LA VILLE' then F=(n + 6.48011) / 0.985568
when sn=='DELISLE' then F=212 - n * 6/5
when sn=='DELISLE old' then F=212 - n * 1.58590197
when sn=='DE LUC' then F=(n + 14) * 16/7
when sn=='DE LYON' then F=(n + 17.5) * 64/35
when sn=='DE REVILLAS' then F=212 - n * 97/80
when sn=='DERHAM' then F= n / 0.38444386 - 188.578
when sn=='DERHAM old' then F= n * 3 + 4.5
when sn=='DE SUEDE' then F=(n + 17.6666) * 150/83
when sn=='DE VILLENEUVE' then F=(n + 23.7037) / 0.740741
when sn=='DU CREST' then F=(n + 37.9202) / 0.650656
when sn=='EDINBURGH' then F= n * 4.6546 - 6.40048
when sn=='ELECTRON VOLTS' then F= n * 20888.1 - 459.67
when sn=='FAHRENHEIT' then F= n
when sn=='FAHRENHEIT old' then F= n * 20/11 - 89.2727
when sn=='FLORENTINE LARGE' then F=(n + 7.42857) / 0.857143
when sn=='FLORENTINE MAGNUM' then F=(n + 73.9736 ) / 1.50659
when sn=='FLORENTINE SMALL' then F=(n - 1.38571) / 0.378571
when sn=='FOWLER' then F= n * 0.640321 + 53.7709
when sn=='FRICK' then F= n * 200/251 + 58.5339
when sn=='GASMARK' then F= n * 25 + 250
when sn=='GOUBERT' then F= n * 2 + 32
when sn=='HALES' then F= n * 1.2 + 32
when sn=='HANOW' then F= n * 1.06668 - 10.6672
when sn=='HAUKSBEE' then F= n * 18/25 + 88.16
when sn=='JACOBS-HOLBORN' then F= n * 18/71 - 53.4366
when sn=='KELVIN' then F= n * 9/5 - 459.67
when sn=='LEIDEN' then F= n * 1.8 - 423.4
when sn=='NEWTON' then F= n * 60/11 + 32
when sn=='OERTEL' then F= n + n - 32
when sn=='PLANCK' then F= n * 1.416833e32 * 9/5 - 459.67
when sn=='RANKINE' then F= n - 459.67 /*a single R is taken as Rankine.*/
when sn=='REAUMUR' then F= n * 9/4 + 32
when sn=='RICHTER' then F= n * 160/73 - 7.45205
when sn=='RINALDINI' then F= n * 15 + 32
when sn=='ROMER' then F=(n - 7.5) * 27/4 + 32
when sn=='ROSENTHAL' then F= n * 45/86 - 453.581
when sn=='ROYAL SOCIETY' then F=(n -122.82) * -50/69
when sn=='SAGREDO' then F= n * 0.3798 - 5.98
when sn=='SAINT-PATRICE' then F= n * 2.62123 + 115.879
when sn=='STUFE' then F= n * 45 + 257
when sn=='SULZER' then F= n * 1.14595 + 33.2334
when sn=='THERMOSTAT' then F= n * 54 + 32
when sn=='WEDGWOOD' then F= n * 44.7429295 + 516.2
otherwise call serr 'invalid temperature scale: ' u
end /*select*/
K = (F + 459.67) * 5/9 /*compute temperature to kelvins.*/
a =(1e || (-digits()%2)-digits()%20) /*mininum number for Dalton temp.*/
eV=(F + 459.67) / 20888.1 /*compute number electron volts. */
say right(' ' x, 79, "─") /*show original value &scale,sep.*/
if all | !=='AMONTON' then say $( ( F + 399.163 ) / 8.37209 ) 'Amonton'
if all | !=='BARNSDORF' then say $( ( F - 6.85715) / 6.85715 ) 'Barnsdorf'
if all | !=='BEAUMUIR' then say $( ( F - 32 ) / 2.22951 ) 'Beaumuir'
if all | !=='BENART' then say $( ( F - 31.2831 ) / 1.43391 ) 'Benart'
if all | !=='BERGEN' then say $( ( F * 14/15 ) - 23.8667 ) 'Bergen'
if all | !=='BRISSON' then say $( ( F - 32 ) * 15/32 ) 'Brisson'
if all | !=='CELSIUS' then say $( ( F - 32 ) * 5/9 ) 'Celsius'
if all | !=='CIMENTO' then say $( ( F + 4.54135) / 2.70677 ) 'Cimento'
if all | !=='CRUQUIUS' then say $( ( F + 405.992 ) / 0.409266 ) 'Cruquius'
if all | !=='DALENCE' then say $( ( F - 59 ) / 2.7 ) 'Dalence'
if all | !=='DALTON' then if k>a then say $(100*ln(k/273.15)/ln(373.15/273.15)) 'Dalton'
else say right('-infinity ',60) 'Dalton'
if all | !=='DANIELL' then say $( ( F - 55.9994 ) / 7.27194 ) 'Daniell'
if all | !=='DE LA HIRE' then say $( F * 0.549057 + 3 ) 'De la Hire'
if all | !=='DE LA VILLE' then say $( F * 0.985568 - 6.48011 ) 'De la Ville'
if all | !=='DELISLE' then say $( ( 212 - F ) * 5/6 ) 'Delisle'
if all | !=='DELISLE old' then say $( ( 212 - F ) / 1.58590197 ) 'Delisle old'
if all | !=='DE LUC' then say $( F * 7/16 - 14 ) 'De Luc'
if all | !=='DE LYON' then say $( F * 35/64 - 17.5 ) 'De Lyon'
if all | !=='DE REVILLAS' then say $( ( 212 - F ) * 80/97 ) 'De Revillas'
if all | !=='DERHAM' then say $( F * 0.38444386 + 72.4978 ) 'Derham'
if all | !=='DERHAM old' then say $( ( F - 4.5 ) / 3 ) 'Derham old'
if all | !=='DE VILLENEUVE' then say $( F * 0.740741 - 23.7037 ) 'De Villeneuve'
if all | !=='DE SUEDE' then say $( F * 83/150 - 17.6666 ) 'De Suede'
if all | !=='DU CREST' then say $( F * 0.650656 - 37.9202 ) 'Du Crest'
if all | !=='EDINBURGH' then say $( ( F + 6.40048) / 4.6546 ) 'Edinburgh'
if all | !=='ELECTRON VOLTS' then say $( eV ) 'electron volt's(eV)
if all | !=='FAHRENHEIT' then say $( F ) 'Fahrenheit'
if all | !=='FAHRENHEIT old' then say $( F * 20/11 - 89.2727 ) 'Fahrenheit old'
if all | !=='FLORENTINE LARGE' then say $( F * 0.857143 - 7.42857 ) 'Florentine large'
if all | !=='FLORENTINE MAGNUM' then say $( F * 1.50659 - 73.9736 ) 'Florentine Magnum'
if all | !=='FLORENTINE SMALL' then say $( F * 0.378571 + 1.38571 ) 'Florentine small'
if all | !=='FOWLER' then say $( ( F - 53.7709 ) / 0.640321 ) 'Fowler'
if all | !=='FRICK' then say $( ( F - 58.5338 ) * 251/200 ) 'Frick'
if all | !=='GAS MARK' then say $( ( F - 250 ) * 0.04 ) 'gas mark'
if all | !=='GOUBERT' then say $( ( F + 32 ) * 0.5 ) 'Goubert'
if all | !=='HALES' then say $( ( F - 32 ) / 1.2 ) 'Hales'
if all | !=='HANOW' then say $( ( F + 10.6672 ) / 1.06668 ) 'Hanow'
if all | !=='HAUKSBEE' then say $( ( F - 88.16 ) * 25/18 ) 'Hauksbee'
if all | !=='JACOBS-HOLBORN' then say $( ( F + 53.4366 ) * 71/18 ) 'Jacobs-Holborn'
if all | !=='KELVIN' then say $( k ) 'kelvin's(k)
if all | !=='LEIDEN' then say $( F / 1.8 + 235.222 ) 'Leiden'
if all | !=='NEWTON' then say $( ( F - 32 ) * 11/60 ) 'Newton'
if all | !=='OERTEL' then say $( ( F + 32 ) * 0.5 ) 'Oertel'
if all | !=='PLANCK' then say $( ( F + 459.67 ) * 5/9 / 1.416833e32) 'Planck'
if all | !=='RANKINE' then say $( F + 459.67 ) 'Rankine'
if all | !=='REAUMUR' then say $( ( F - 32 ) * 4/9 ) 'Reaumur'
if all | !=='RICHTER' then say $( ( F + 7.45205) * 73/160 ) 'Richter'
if all | !=='RINALDINI' then say $( ( F - 32 ) / 15 ) 'Rinaldini'
if all | !=='ROMER' then say $( ( F - 32 ) * 7/24 + 7.5 ) 'Romer'
if all | !=='ROSENTHAL' then say $( ( F + 453.581 ) * 86/45 ) 'Rosenthal'
if all | !=='ROYAL SOCIETY' then say $( F * -69/50 + 122.82 ) 'Royal Society of London'
if all | !=='SEGREDO' then say $( ( F + 5.98 ) / 0.3798 ) 'Segredo'
if all | !=='SAINT-PATRICE' then say $( ( F - 115.879 ) / 2.62123 ) 'Saint-Patrice'
if all | !=='STUFE' then say $( ( F - 257 ) / 45 ) 'Stufe'
if all | !=='SULZER' then say $( ( F - 33.2334 ) / 1.14595 ) 'Sulzer'
if all | !=='THERMOSTAT' then say $( ( F - 32 ) / 54 ) 'Thermostat'
if all | !=='WEDGWOOD' then say $( ( F - 516.2 ) / 44.7429295 ) 'Wedgwood'
end /*until tlist ···*/
exit /*stick a fork in it, we're done.*/ /*──────────────────────────────────$ subroutine────────────────────────*/ $: procedure; showDig=8 /*only show 8 significant digits.*/ _=format(arg(1), , showDig)/1 /*format # 8 digs past dec point.*/ p=pos(.,_) /*find position of decimal point.*/
/* [↓] align integers with FP #s.*/
if p==0 then _=_ || left(,5+showDig+1) /*no decimal point.*/
else _=_ || left(,5+showDig-length(_)+p) /*has " " */
return right(_,60) /*return the re-formatted arg. */ /*──────────────────────────────────SCALENAME subroutine────────────────*/ scaleName: parse arg y /*abbreviations ──► shortname. */ yU=translate(y,'-eE',"_éÉ") /*uppercase version of temp unit.*/ upper yU /*uppercase version of temp unit.*/ if left(yU,7)=='DEGREES' then yU=substr(yU,8) /*redundant "degrees"? */ if left(yU,6)=='DEGREE' then yU=substr(yU,7) /* " "degree" ? */ yU=strip(yU) /*elide blanks at ends.*/ _=length(yU) /*obtain the yU length.*/ if right(yU,1)=='S' & _>1 then yU=left(yU,_-1) /*elide trailing plural*/
select /*abbreviations ──► shortname. */
when abbrev('AMONTON' , yU) then sn='AMONTON'
when abbrev('BARNDORF' , yU,2) |,
abbrev('BARNSDORF' , yU,2) then sn='BARNSDORF'
when abbrev('BEAUMIUR' , yU,3) |,
abbrev('BEAUMUIR' , yU,3) then sn='BEAUMUIR'
when abbrev('BENERT' , yU,3) |,
abbrev('BENART' , yU,3) then sn='BENART'
when abbrev('BRISSEN' , yU,3) |,
abbrev('BRISSON' , yU,3) then sn='BRISSEN'
when abbrev('BURGEN' , yU,3) |,
abbrev('BURGAN' , yU,3) |,
abbrev('BERGAN' , yU,3) |,
abbrev('BERGEN' , yU,3) then sn='BERGEN'
when abbrev('CENTIGRADE' , yU) |,
abbrev('CENTRIGRADE' , yU) |, /* 50% misspelled.*/
abbrev('CETIGRADE' , yU) |, /* 50% misspelled.*/
abbrev('CENTINGRADE' , yU) |,
abbrev('CENTESIMAL' , yU) |,
abbrev('CELCIU' , yU) |, /* 82% misspelled.*/
abbrev('CELCIOU' , yU) |, /* 4% misspelled.*/
abbrev('CELCUI' , yU) |, /* 4% misspelled.*/
abbrev('CELSUI' , yU) |, /* 2% misspelled.*/
abbrev('CELCEU' , yU) |, /* 2% misspelled.*/
abbrev('CELCU' , yU) |, /* 2% misspelled.*/
abbrev('CELISU' , yU) |, /* 1% misspelled.*/
abbrev('CELSU' , yU) |, /* 1% misspelled.*/
abbrev('CELSIU' , yU) then sn='CELSIUS'
when abbrev('CIMANTO' , yU,2) |,
abbrev('CIMENTO' , yU,2) then sn='CIMENTO'
when abbrev('CRUQUIOU' , yU,2) |,
abbrev('CRUQUIO' , yU,2) |,
abbrev('CRUQUIU' , yU,2) then sn='CRUQUIU'
when abbrev('DALANCE' , yU,4) |,
abbrev('DALENCE' , yU,4) then sn='DALENCE'
when abbrev('DANELLE' , yU,3) |,
abbrev('DANEAL' , yU,3) |,
abbrev('DANIAL' , yU,3) |,
abbrev('DANIELE' , yU,3) |,
abbrev('DANNEL' , yU,3) |,
abbrev('DANYAL' , yU,3) |,
abbrev('DANYEL' , yU,3) |,
abbrev('DANIELL' , yU,3) then sn='DANIELL'
when abbrev('DALTON' , yU,3) then sn='DALTON'
when abbrev('DELAHIRE' , yU,7) |,
abbrev('LAHIRE' , yU,4) |,
abbrev('HIRE' , yU,2) |,
abbrev('DE-LA-HIRE' , yU,7) then sn='DE LA HIRE'
when abbrev('DELAVILLE' , yU,7) |,
abbrev('LAVILLE' , yU,3) |,
abbrev('VILLE' , yU,1) |,
abbrev('VILLA' , yU,1) |,
abbrev('DE-LA-VILLE' , yU,7) then sn='DE LA VILLE'
when abbrev('DELISLE' , yU,3) then sn='DELISLE'
when abbrev('DELISLE-OLD' , yU,8) |,
abbrev('OLDDELISLE' , yU,6) |,
abbrev('DELISLEOLD' , yU,8) then sn='DELISLE old'
when abbrev('DELUC' , yU,4) |,
abbrev('LUC' , yU,2) |,
abbrev('DE-LUC' , yU,5) then sn='DE LUC'
when abbrev('DELYON' , yU,4) |,
abbrev('LYON' , yU,2) |,
abbrev('DE-LYON' , yU,5) then sn='DE LYON'
when abbrev('DEREVILLA' , yU,3) |,
abbrev('DEREVILA' , yU,3) |,
abbrev('REVILLA' , yU,3) |,
abbrev('DE-REVILLA' , yU,4) |,
abbrev('DE-REVILLA' , yU,5) then sn='DE REVILLAS'
when abbrev('DEVILLENEUVE' , yU,3) |,
abbrev('DE-VILLENEUVE' , yU,4) then sn='DE VILLENEUVE'
when abbrev('DURHAM' , yU,3) |,
abbrev('DERHAM' , yU,4) then sn='DERHAM'
when abbrev('OLDDURHAM' , yU,5) |,
abbrev('OLDDERHAM' , yU,6) |,
abbrev('DERHAM-OLD' , yU,4) |,
abbrev('DERHAMOLD' , yU,4) then sn='DERHAM old'
when abbrev('DE-SUEDE' , yU,4) |,
abbrev('DESUEDE' , yU,4) then sn='DE SUEDE'
when abbrev('DU-CREST' , yU,2) |,
abbrev('DUCREST' , yU,2) then sn='DU CREST'
when abbrev('EDENBURGH' , yU,2) |,
abbrev('EDINBURGH' , yU,2) then sn='EDINBURGH'
when abbrev('EVOLT' , yU,2) |,
abbrev('ELECTRONVOLT' , yU,2) then sn='ELECTRON VOLTS'
when abbrev('FARENHEIT' , yU) |, /* 39% misspelled.*/
abbrev('FARENHEIGHT' , yU) |, /* 15% misspelled.*/
abbrev('FARENHITE' , yU) |, /* 6% misspelled.*/
abbrev('FARENHIET' , yU) |, /* 3% misspelled.*/
abbrev('FARHENHEIT' , yU) |, /* 3% misspelled.*/
abbrev('FARINHEIGHT' , yU) |, /* 2% misspelled.*/
abbrev('FARENHIGHT' , yU) |, /* 2% misspelled.*/
abbrev('FAHRENHIET' , yU) |, /* 2% misspelled.*/
abbrev('FERENHEIGHT' , yU) |, /* 2% misspelled.*/
abbrev('FEHRENHEIT' , yU) |, /* 2% misspelled.*/
abbrev('FERENHEIT' , yU) |, /* 2% misspelled.*/
abbrev('FERINHEIGHT' , yU) |, /* 1% misspelled.*/
abbrev('FARIENHEIT' , yU) |, /* 1% misspelled.*/
abbrev('FARINHEIT' , yU) |, /* 1% misspelled.*/
abbrev('FARANHITE' , yU) |, /* 1% misspelled.*/
abbrev('FAHRENHEIT' , yU) then sn='FAHRENHEIT'
when abbrev('OLDFAHRENHEIT' , yU,4) |,
abbrev('FAHRENHEIT-OLD' , yU,13) |,
abbrev('FAHRENHEITOLD' , yU,13) then sn='FARHENHEIT old'
when abbrev('FLORENTINE-LARGE' , yU,12) |,
abbrev('LARGE-FLORENTINE' , yU,7) |,
abbrev('LARGEFLORENTINE' , yU,6) |,
abbrev('FLORENTINELARGE' , yU,12) then sn='FLORENTINE LARGE'
when abbrev('FLORENTINE-MAGNUM' , yU,2) |,
abbrev('MAGNUM-FLORENTINE' , yU,3) |,
abbrev('MAGNUMFLORENTINE' , yU,3) |,
abbrev('FLORENTINEMAGNUM' , yU,2) then sn='FLORENTINE MAGNUM'
when abbrev('FLORENTINE-SMALL' , yU,13) |,
abbrev('SMALL-FLORENTINE' , yU,7) |,
abbrev('SMALLFLORENTINE' , yU,6) |,
abbrev('FLORENTINESMALL' , yU,13) then sn='FLORENTINE SMALL'
when abbrev('FOULER' , yU,2) |,
abbrev('FOWLOR' , yU,2) |,
abbrev('FOWLER' , yU,2) then sn='FOWLER'
when abbrev('FRICK' , yU,2) then sn='FRICK'
when abbrev('GAS-MARK' , yU,2) |,
abbrev('GASMARK' , yU,2) then sn='GAS MARK'
when abbrev('GOUBERT' , yU,2) then sn='GOUBERT'
when abbrev('HAIL' , yU,3) |,
abbrev('HALE' , yU,3) then sn='HALES'
when abbrev('HANOW' , yU,3) then sn='HANOW'
when abbrev('HUCKSBEE' , yU,3) |,
abbrev('HAWKSBEE' , yU,3) |,
abbrev('HAUKSBEE' , yU,3) then sn='HAUKSBEE'
when abbrev('JACOBSHOLBORN' , yU,2) |,
abbrev('JACOBS-HOLBORN' , yU,2) then sn='JACOBS-HOLBORN'
when abbrev('KALVIN' , yU,2) |, /* 27% misspelled.*/
abbrev('KERLIN' , yU) |, /* 18% misspelled.*/
abbrev('KEVEN' , yU) |, /* 9% misspelled.*/
abbrev('KELVIN' , yU) then sn='KELVIN'
when abbrev('LAYDEN' , yU) |,
abbrev('LEIDEN' , yU) then sn='LEIDEN'
when abbrev('NEUTON' , yU) |, /*100% misspelled.*/
abbrev('NEWTON' , yU) then sn='NEWTON'
when abbrev('ORTEL' , yU) |,
abbrev('OERTEL' , yU) then sn='OERTEL'
when abbrev('PLACK' , yU) |, /*100% misspelled.*/
abbrev('PLANC' , yU) |, /* misspelled.*/
abbrev('PLANK' , yU) |, /* misspelled.*/
abbrev('PLANCK' , yU) then sn='PLANCK'
when abbrev('RANKINE' , yU, 1) then sn='RANKINE'
when abbrev('REAUMUR' , yU, 2) then sn='REAUMUR'
when abbrev('RICKTER' , yU, 3) |,
abbrev('RICHTER' , yU, 3) then sn='RICHTER'
when abbrev('RINALDINI' , yU, 3) then sn='RINALDINI'
when abbrev('ROEMER' , yU, 3) |,
abbrev('ROMER' , yU, 3) then sn='ROMER'
when abbrev('ROSANTHAL' , yU, 3) |,
abbrev('ROSENTHAL' , yU, 3) then sn='ROSENTHAL'
when abbrev('RSOL' , yU, 2) |,
abbrev('RSL' , yU, 2) |,
abbrev('ROYALSOCIETYOFLONDON' , yU, 3) |,
abbrev('ROYAL-SOCIETY-OF-LONDON' , yU, 3) then sn='ROYAL SOCIETY'
when abbrev('SAGREDO' , yU, 3) then sn='SAGREDO'
when abbrev('ST.-PATRICE' , yU, 3) |,
abbrev('ST.PATRICE' , yU, 3) |,
abbrev('SAINTPATRICE' , yU, 3) |,
abbrev('SAINT-PATRICE' , yU, 3) then sn='SAINT-PATRICE'
when abbrev('STUFFE' , yU, 3) |,
abbrev('STUFE' , yU, 3) then sn='STUFE'
when abbrev('SULTZER' , yU, 2) |,
abbrev('SULZER' , yU, 2) then sn='SULZER'
when abbrev('WEDGEWOOD' , yU) |,
abbrev('WEDGWOOD' , yU) then sn='WEDGWOOD'
otherwise call serr 'illegal temperature scale:' y
end /*select*/
return /*──────────────────────────────────one─liner subroutines───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/ e: e = 2.718281828459045235360287471352662497757247093699959574966967627724076630353547594571382178525166427427466391932; return e isInt: return datatype(arg(1), 'W') /*is it a whole number (integer) ? */ exp: procedure; parse arg x; ix=x%1; if abs(x-ix)>.5 then ix=ix+sign(x); x=x-ix; z=1; _=1; w=z; do j=1; _=_*x/j; z=(z+_)/1; if z==w then leave;w=z;end;if z\==0 then z=z*e()**ix;return z/1 ln: procedure; parse arg x; call e; ig=x>1.5; is=1-2*(ig\==1); ii=0; xx=x; return ln..() ln..: do while ig & xx>1.5 | \ig & xx<.5;_=e;do k=-1;iz=xx*_**-is;if k>=0 & (ig & iz<1 | \ig & iz>.5) then leave;_=_*_;izz=iz;end;xx=izz; ii=ii+is*2**k; end; x=x*e**-ii-1; z=0;_=-1;p=z;do k=1; _=-_*x; z=z+_/k; if z=p then leave;p=z; end; return z+ii pow: procedure; parse arg x,y; if y=0 then return 1; if x=0 then return 0; if isInt(y) then return x**y; if isInt(1/y) then return root(x,1/y,f); return pow_() pow_: if abs(y//1)=.5 then return sqrt(x)**sign(y)*x**(y%1); return exp(y*ln(x)) root: procedure; parse arg x,y; if x=0 | y=1 then return x; if isInt(y) then return rooti(x,y); _=sqrt(x); if y<0 then _=1/_; return _ rooti: procedure; parse arg x,y; if x=0 | y=1 then return x; n=y<0; y=abs(y); numeric digits digits()+2; z=abs(x); g=(z+1)/y; m=y-1; numeric fuzz 2; do forever; _=(m*g**y+z)/y/g**m; if _=g then leave; g=_; end; _=g*sign(x); if n then _=1/_; return _ s: if arg(1)==1 then return arg(3); return word(arg(2) 's',1) /*pluralizer.*/ serr: say; say '***error!***'; say; say arg(1); say; exit 13 sqrt: procedure; parse arg x; if x=0 then return 0; d=digits(); p=d; m.=9; numeric digits 9; g=sqrt.(); m.0=d; m.1=d; do j=2 while p>9; m.j=p; p=p%2+1; end; do k=j+5 to 0 by -1; numeric digits m.k; g=.5*(g+x/g); end; numeric digits d; return (g/1)i sqrt.: i=; if x<0 then do; x=-x; i='i'; end; numeric form; parse value format(x,2,1,,0) 'E0' with g 'E' _ .; return g*.5'E'_%2</lang>