Java
The Java programming language, developed by Sun Microsystems, is a language aimed at allowing cross-platform application development. It is typically compiled to a intermediate bytecode language to be executed by the Java Virtual Machine. Most modern JVMs compile the bytecode of a Java program into your processors' native machine code during execution. This native code translation is done via a JIT compiler built-in to the JVM.
Java has seen use in a variety environments, including desktop applications, embedded device (PDA and wireless phone) applications, server-side web page serving applications (as JSP) and applets embedded in web pages. According to a variety of sources, Java is currently the most popular programming language in the world.
Programming Language
This is a programming language. It may be used to instruct computers to accomplish a variety of tasks which may or may not be domain-specific.