Category talk:Wren-math
Source code
<lang ecmascript>/* Module "math.wren" */
/* Math supplements the Num class with various other operations on numbers. */ class Math {
// Constants.
static e { 2.71828182845904523536 } // base of natural logarithms
static phi { 1.6180339887498948482 } // golden ratio
static tau { 1.6180339887498948482 } // synonym for phi
static ln2 { 0.69314718055994530942 } // natural logarithm of 2
static ln10 { 2.30258509299404568402 } // natural logarithm of 10
// Special values.
static inf { 1/0 } // positive infinity
static ninf { (-1)/0 } // negative infinity
static nan { 0/0 } // nan
// Returns the base 'e' exponential of 'x'
static exp(x) { e.pow(x) }
// Log functions.
static log2(x) { x.log/ln2 } // Base 2 logarithm
static log10(x) { x.log/ln10 } // Base 10 logarithm
// Hyperbolic trig functions.
static sinh(x) { (exp(x) - exp(-x))/2 } // sine
static cosh(x) { (exp(x) + exp(-x))/2 } // cosine
static tanh(x) { sinh(x)/cosh(x) } // tangent
// Inverse hyperbolic trig functions.
static asinh(x) { (x + (x*x + 1).sqrt).ln } // sine
static acosh(x) { (x + (x*x - 1).sqrt).ln } // cosine
static atanh(x) { ((1+x)/(1-x)).ln/2 } // tangent
// Angle conversions.
static radians(d) { d * Num.pi / 180}
static degrees(r) { r * 180 / Num.pi }
// Returns the cube root of 'x'.
static cbrt(x) { x.pow(1/3) }
// Returns the square root of 'x' squared + 'y' squared.
static hypot(x, y) { (x*x + y*y).sqrt }
// Returns the integer and fractional parts of 'x'. Both values have the same sign as 'x'.
static modf(x) { [x.truncate, x.fraction] }
// Returns the IEEE 754 floating-point remainder of 'x/y'.
static rem(x, y) {
if (x.isNan || y.isNan || x.isInfinity || y == 0) return nan
if (!x.isInfinity && y.isInfinity) return x
var nf = modf(x/y)
if (nf[1] != 0.5) {
return x - (x/y).round * y
} else {
var n = nf[0]
if (n%2 == 1) n = (n > 0) ? n + 1 : n - 1
return x - n * y
}
}
// Return the minimum and maximum of 'x' and 'y'.
static min(x, y) { (x < y) ? x : y }
static max(x, y) { (x > y) ? x : y }
// Round away from zero.
static roundUp(x) { (x >= 0) ? x.ceil : x.floor }
// Round to 'p' decimal places, maximum 14.
// Mode parameter specifies the rounding mode:
// < 0 towards zero, == 0 nearest, > 0 away from zero.
static toPlaces(x, p, mode) {
if (p < 0) p = 0
if (p > 14) p = 14
var pw = 10.pow(p)
var nf = modf(x)
x = nf[1] * pw
x = (mode < 0) ? x.truncate : (mode == 0) ? x.round : roundUp(x)
return nf[0] + x/pw
}
// Convenience version of above method which uses 0 for the 'mode' parameter.
static toPlaces(x, p) { toPlaces(x, p, 0) }
// Gamma function using Lanczos approximation.
static gamma(x) {
var p = [
0.99999999999980993,
676.5203681218851,
-1259.1392167224028,
771.32342877765313,
-176.61502916214059,
12.507343278686905,
-0.13857109526572012,
9.9843695780195716e-6,
1.5056327351493116e-7
]
var t = x + 6.5
var sum = p[0]
for (i in 0..7) sum = sum + p[i+1]/(x + i)
return 2.sqrt * Num.pi.sqrt * t.pow(x-0.5) * Math.exp(-t) * sum
}
}
/* Int contains various routines which are only applicable to integers. */ class Int {
// Maximum safe integer = 2^53 - 1.
static maxSafe { 9007199254740991 }
// Returns the greatest common divisor of 'x' and 'y'.
static gcd(x, y) {
while (y != 0) {
var t = y
y = x % y
x = t
}
return x
}
// Returns the least common multiple of 'x' and 'y'.
static lcm(x, y) { (x*y).abs / gcd(x, y) }
// Returns the remainder when 'b' raised to the power 'e' is divided by 'm'.
static modPow(b, e, m) {
if (m == 1) return 0
var r = 1
b = b % m
while (e > 0) {
if (e%2 == 1) r = (r*b) % m
e = e >> 1
b = (b*b) % m
}
return r
}
// Returns the factorial of 'n'. Inaccurate for n > 18.
static factorial(n) {
if (!(n is Num && n >= 0)) Fiber.abort("Argument must be a non-negative integer")
if (n < 2) return 1
var fact = 1
for (i in 2..n) fact = fact * i
return fact
}
// Determines whether 'n' is prime using a wheel with basis [2, 3].
static isPrime(n) {
if (!n.isInteger || n < 2) return false
if (n%2 == 0) return n == 2
if (n%3 == 0) return n == 3
var d = 5
while (d*d <= n) {
if (n%d == 0) return false
d = d + 2
if (n%d == 0) return false
d = d + 4
}
return true
}
// Sieves for primes up to and including 'limit'.
// If primesOnly is true returns a list of the primes found.
// If primesOnly is false returns a bool list 'c' of size (limit + 1) where:
// c[i] is false if 'i' is prime or true if 'i' is composite.
static primeSieve(limit, primesOnly) {
if (limit < 2) return []
var c = [false] * (limit + 1) // composite = true
c[0] = true
c[1] = true
// if not primesOnly we need to process the even numbers > 2
if (!primesOnly) {
var i = 4
while (i <= limit) {
c[i] = true
i = i + 2
}
}
var p = 3
var p2 = p * p
while (p2 <= limit) {
var i = p2
while (i <= limit) {
c[i] = true
i = i + 2*p
}
var ok = true
while (ok) {
p = p + 2
ok = c[p]
}
p2 = p * p
}
if (!primesOnly) return c
var primes = [2]
var i = 3
while (i <= limit) {
if (!c[i]) primes.add(i)
i = i + 2
}
return primes
}
// Convenience version of above method which uses true for the primesOnly parameter.
static primeSieve(limit) { primeSieve(limit, true) }
// Returns the prime factors of 'n' in order using a wheel with basis [2, 3, 5].
static primeFactors(n) {
if (!n.isInteger || n < 2) return []
var inc = [4, 2, 4, 2, 4, 6, 2, 6]
var factors = []
while (n%2 == 0) {
factors.add(2)
n = (n/2).truncate
}
while (n%3 == 0) {
factors.add(3)
n = (n/3).truncate
}
while (n%5 == 0) {
factors.add(5)
n = (n/5).truncate
}
var k = 7
var i = 0
while (k * k <= n) {
if (n%k == 0) {
factors.add(k)
n = (n/k).truncate
} else {
k = k + inc[i]
i = (i < 7) ? i + 1 : 0
}
}
if (n > 1) factors.add(n)
return factors
}
// Returns all the divisors of 'n' including 1 and 'n' itself.
static divisors(n) {
if (!n.isInteger || n < 1) return []
var divisors = []
var divisors2 = []
var i = 1
var k = (n%2 == 0) ? 1 : 2
while (i <= n.sqrt) {
if (n%i == 0) {
divisors.add(i)
var j = (n/i).floor
if (j != i) divisors2.add(j)
}
i = i + k
}
if (!divisors2.isEmpty) divisors = divisors + divisors2[-1..0]
return divisors
}
// Returns all the divisors of 'n' excluding 'n'.
static properDivisors(n) {
var d = divisors(n)
var c = d.count
return (c <= 1) ? [] : d[0..-2]
}
}
/*
Stat contains various routines applicable to lists or ranges of numbers which are useful for statistical purposes.
- /
class Stat {
// Methods to calculate sum, various means, product and maximum/minimum element of 'a'.
// The sum and product of an empty list are considered to be 0 and 1 respectively.
static sum(a) { a.reduce(0) { |acc, x| acc + x } }
static mean(a) { sum(a)/a.count }
static geometricMean(a) { a.reduce { |prod, x| prod * x}.pow(1/a.count) }
static harmonicMean(a) { a.count / a.reduce { |acc, x| acc + 1/x } }
static prod(a) { a.reduce(1) { |acc, x| acc * x } }
static max(a) { a.reduce { |acc, x| (x > acc) ? x : acc } }
static min(a) { a.reduce { |acc, x| (x < acc) ? x : acc } }
// Returns the median of a sorted list.
static median(a) {
var c = a.count
if (c == 0) {
Fiber.abort("An empty list cannot have a median")
} else if (c%2 == 1) {
return a[(c/2).floor]
} else {
var d = (c/2).floor
return (a[d] + a[d-1])/2
}
}
// Return a list whose first element is the number of occurrences of the mode(s)
// and the second element is a list of the mode(s) of a.
static modes(a) {
var m = {}
for (e in a) m[e] = (!m[e]) ? 1 : m[e] + 1
var max = 0
for (e in a) if (m[e] > max) max = m[e]
var res = []
for (k in m.keys) if (m[k] == max) res.add(k)
return [max, res]
}
// Returns the sample variance of 'a'.
static variance(a) {
var m = mean(a)
var c = a.count
return (a.reduce(0) { |acc, x| acc + x*x } - m*m*c) / (c-1)
}
// Returns the population variance of 'a'.
static popVariance(a) {
var m = mean(a)
return (a.reduce(0) { |acc, x| acc + x*x }) / a.count - m*m
}
// Returns the sample standard deviation of 'a'.
static stdDev(a) { variance(a).sqrt }
// Returns the population standard deviation of 'a'.
static popStdDev { popVariance(a).sqrt }
// Returns the mean deviation of 'a'.
static meanDev(a) {
var m = mean(a)
return a.reduce { |acc, x| acc + (x - m).abs } / a.count
}
}</lang>