Transliterate English text using the Greek alphabet: Difference between revisions

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Rules

A rather silly little task intended as a bit of fun as well as a simple exercise in text substitution. So, if you're a Greek speaker or an expert in ancient Greek, please don't take it too seriously!

As there isn't a one-to-one correspondence between the English and Greek alphabets, we need some rules:

Greek letter	Corresponding English letter(s)
alpha	a
beta	b or v
gamma	g
delta	d
epsilon	e (but not ee)
zeta	z
eta	h or ee (but not ch, kh, ph, rh or th)
theta	th
iota	i or j
kappa	c, k, q or ck (but not ch and kh)
lambda	l
mu	m
nu	n
xi	x
omicron	o (but not oo)
pi	p (but not ph or ps)
rho	r or rh
sigma	s (but not ps)
tau	t (but not th)
upsilon	u or y
phi	f or ph
chi	ch or kh
psi	ps
omega	w or oo

In the case of lower-case sigma, use ς when s is the final letter of an English word or σ otherwise.

Ignore Greek diacritics (accents and breathings) but use the same capitalization, spacing and punctuation as in the English text.

Example

English: The quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog.

Greek: Θε κυικ βροων φοξ ιυμπεδ οβερ θε λαζυ δογ.

Task

Transliterate the following English text into Greek using the above rules:

I was looking at some rhododendrons in my back garden,
dressed in my khaki shorts, when the telephone rang.

As I answered it, I cheerfully glimpsed that the July sun
caused a fragment of black pine wax to ooze on the velvet quilt
laying in my patio.

If your language does not support the printing of non-ascii characters, then you can instead transliterate the following lower-case pangram:

sphinx of black quartz, judge my vow.

Just represent the Greek letters by their names in angle brackets. For example:

the dog => <theta><epsilon> <delta><omicron><gamma>

Reference

Wikipedia: Greek alphabet

Other tasks related to string operations:

Metrics

Counting

Remove/replace

Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling

Find/Search/Determine

Formatting

Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases

Tokenize

Sequences

J

Translation of: Julia

Implementation:

endings=: {{
  W=. (#~ tolower=toupper) (32}.127{.a.)-.":1234567890x
  ,(x,"1 0 W);&(7&u:)"1 y,"1 0 W
}}

trans=: rplc&(7 u:L:0 ".{{)n
    'ch';'χ'; 'th';'θ'; 'ps';'ψ'; 'ph';'f'; ('s' endings 'ς'), 'Ch';'Χ';
    'Th';'Θ'; 'Ps';'Ψ'; 'Ph';'F'; 'ee';'h'; 'ck';'κ'; 'rh';'r'; 'kh';'χ';
    'Kh';'Χ'; 'oo';'w'; 'a';'α'; 'b';'β'; 'c';'κ'; 'd';'δ'; 'e';'ε';
    'f';'φ'; 'g';'γ'; 'h';'η'; 'i';'ι'; 'j';'ι'; 'k';'κ'; 'l';'λ';
    'm';'μ'; 'n';'ν'; 'o';'ο'; 'p';'π'; 'q';'κ'; 'r';'ρ'; 's';'σ';
    't';'τ'; 'u';'υ'; 'v';'β'; 'w';'ω'; 'x';'ξ'; 'y';'υ'; 'z';'ζ';
    'D';'Δ'; 'F';'Φ'; 'G';'Γ'; 'J';'I'; 'L';'Λ'; 'P';'Π'; 'Q';'Κ';
    'R';'Ρ'; 'S';'Σ'; 'Y';'U'; 'W';'Ω'; 'X';'Ξ'
}} -.LF)^:_

Examples:

txt1=:'The quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog.'
txt2=:{{)n
I was looking at some rhododendrons in my back garden,
dressed in my khaki shorts, when the telephone rang.
 
As I answered it, I cheerfully glimpsed that the July sun
caused a fragment of black pine wax to ooze on the velvet quilt
laying in my patio.
}}

txt3=: 'sphinx of black quartz, judge my vow.'

   trans txt1
Θε κυικ βροων φοξ ιυμπεδ οβερ θε λαζυ δογ.
   trans txt2
I ωας λωκινγ ατ σομε ροδοδενδρονς ιν μυ βακ γαρδεν,
δρεσσεδ ιν μυ χακι σηορτς, ωηεν θε τελεφονε ρανγ.
 
Aς I ανσωερεδ ιτ, I χηρφυλλυ γλιμψεδ θατ θε Iυλυ συν
καυσεδ α φραγμεντ οφ βλακ πινε ωαξ το ωζε ον θε βελβετ κυιλτ
λαυινγ ιν μυ πατιο.

   trans txt3
σφινξ οφ βλακ κυαρτζ, ιυδγε μυ βοω.

A point of interest in adapting the approach taken in the Julia entry is that, since jq strings for interpolating variables are not themselves JSON strings, the special case of "ς" must be handled differently.

def texts: [

  "The quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog.",

  "I was looking at some rhododendrons in my back garden,\n" +
  "dressed in my khaki shorts, when the telephone rang.\n" +
  "\n" +
  "As I answered it, I cheerfully glimpsed that the July sun\n" +
  "caused a fragment of black pine wax to ooze on the velvet quilt\n" +
  "laying in my patio.",

  "sphinx of black quartz, judge my vow."
];

# "ς" is handled separately
def replacements:
 {
    "ch" : "χ", "th" : "θ", "ps" : "ψ", "ph" : "f", "Ch" : "Χ",
    "Th" : "Θ", "Ps" : "Ψ", "Ph" : "F", "ee" : "h", "ck" : "κ", "rh" : "r", "kh" : "χ",
    "Kh" : "Χ", "oo" : "w", "a" : "α", "b" : "β", "c" : "κ", "d" : "δ", "e" : "ε",
    "f" : "φ", "g" : "γ", "h" : "η", "i" : "ι", "j" : "ι", "k" : "κ", "l" : "λ",
    "m" : "μ", "n" : "ν", "o" : "ο", "p" : "π", "q" : "κ", "r" : "ρ", "s" : "σ",
    "t" : "τ", "u" : "υ", "v" : "β", "w" : "ω", "x" : "ξ", "y" : "υ", "z" : "ζ",
    "D" : "Δ", "F" : "Φ", "G" : "Γ", "J" : "I", "L" : "Λ", "P" : "Π", "Q" : "Κ",
    "R" : "Ρ", "S" : "Σ", "Y" : "U", "W" : "Ω", "X" : "Ξ" };

def translate($replacements):
  gsub("s(?<W>\\W)"; "ς\(.W)")
  | reduce ($replacements|keys_unsorted[]) as $key (.;
      gsub($key; $replacements[$key])) ;

replacements as $replacements
| texts[]
| ., "=>", translate($replacements), ""

Invocation

jq -nr -f transliterate-english-using-Greek.jq

Output:

The quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog.
=>
Θε κυικ βροων φοξ ιυμπεδ οβερ θε λαζυ δογ.

I was looking at some rhododendrons in my back garden,
dressed in my khaki shorts, when the telephone rang.
=>
I ωασ λωκινγ ατ σομε ροδοδενδρονσ ιν μυ βακ γαρδεν,
δρεσσεδ ιν μυ χακι σηορτσ, ωηεν θε τελεφονε ρανγ.

As I answered it, I cheerfully glimpsed that the July sun
caused a fragment of black pine wax to ooze on the velvet quilt
laying in my patio.
=>
Aσ I ανσωερεδ ιτ, I χηρφυλλυ γλιμψεδ θατ θε Iυλυ συν
καυσεδ α φραγμεντ οφ βλακ πινε ωαξ το ωζε ον θε βελβετ κυιλτ
λαυινγ ιν μυ πατιο.

sphinx of black quartz, judge my vow.
=>
σφινξ οφ βλακ κυαρτζ, ιυδγε μυ βοω.

Julia

const texts = [
"""The quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog.""",
"""I was looking at some rhododendrons in my back garden,
dressed in my khaki shorts, when the telephone rang.

As I answered it, I cheerfully glimpsed that the July sun
caused a fragment of black pine wax to ooze on the velvet quilt
laying in my patio.""",
"""sphinx of black quartz, judge my vow."""]

const replacements = [
    "ch" => "χ", "th" => "θ", "ps" => "ψ", "ph" => "f", r"s(\W)" => s"ς\1", "Ch" => "Χ",
    "Th" => "Θ", "Ps" => "Ψ", "Ph" => "F", "ee" => "h", "ck" => "κ", "rh" => "r", "kh" => "χ",
    "Kh" => "Χ", "oo" => "w", "a" => "α", "b" => "β", "c" => "κ", "d" => "δ", "e" => "ε",
    "f" => "φ", "g" => "γ", "h" => "η", "i" => "ι", "j" => "ι", "k" => "κ", "l" => "λ",
    "m" => "μ", "n" => "ν", "o" => "ο", "p" => "π", "q" => "κ", "r" => "ρ", "s" => "σ",
    "t" => "τ", "u" => "υ", "v" => "β", "w" => "ω", "x" => "ξ", "y" => "υ", "z" => "ζ",
    "D" => "Δ", "F" => "Φ", "G" => "Γ", "J" => "I", "L" => "Λ", "P" => "Π", "Q" => "Κ",
    "R" => "Ρ", "S" => "Σ", "Y" => "U", "W" => "Ω", "X" => "Ξ"]

for txt in texts
    println("$txt\n=>")
    for pair in replacements
        txt = replace(txt, pair)
    end
    println("$txt\n", "="^65)
end

Output:

The quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog.
=>
Θε κυικ βροων φοξ ιυμπεδ οβερ θε λαζυ δογ.
=================================================================
I was looking at some rhododendrons in my back garden,
dressed in my khaki shorts, when the telephone rang.

As I answered it, I cheerfully glimpsed that the July sun
caused a fragment of black pine wax to ooze on the velvet quilt
laying in my patio.
=>
I ωας λωκινγ ατ σομε ροδοδενδρονς ιν μυ βακ γαρδεν,
δρεσσεδ ιν μυ χακι σηορτς, ωηεν θε τελεφονε ρανγ.

Aς I ανσωερεδ ιτ, I χηρφυλλυ γλιμψεδ θατ θε Iυλυ συν
καυσεδ α φραγμεντ οφ βλακ πινε ωαξ το ωζε ον θε βελβετ κυιλτ
λαυινγ ιν μυ πατιο.
=================================================================
sphinx of black quartz, judge my vow.
=>
σφινξ οφ βλακ κυαρτζ, ιυδγε μυ βοω.
=================================================================

M2000 Interpreter

process1=lambda -> {
	a=list:="ee":="η", "ch":="χ", "kh":="χ", "ph":="φ", "ps":="ψ", "th":="θ", "ck":="κ", "oo":="ω", "rh":="ρ"
	b=list:="a":="α","b":="β","v":="β","g":="γ","d":="δ","e":="ε","z":="ζ","h":="η","i":="ι","j":="ι","c":="κ"
	append b, "k":="κ","q":="κ","l":="λ","m":="μ","n":="ν","x":="ξ","o":="ο","p":="π","r":="ρ"
	append b, "s":="σ","t":="τ","u":="υ","y":="υ","f":="φ","w":="ω"
	=lambda a, b (s as string, no as integer) -> {
		long i=1, j=len(s)
		string r, rc, crlf={
		}
		while i<=j
			if exist(a, lcase$(mid$(s,i,2))) then
				rc=eval$(a)
				if mid$(s,i,1)<>left$(eval$(a!),1) then
					r+=ucase$(left$(rc,1))
				else
					r+=rc
				end if
				i+=2
			else.if exist(b,lcase$(mid$(s,i,1))) then
				rc=eval$(b)  // eval$(b!) is the key
				if mid$(s,i,1)<>eval$(b!) then
					r+=ucase$(rc)
				else.if rc="σ" then
					if exist(b,lcase$(mid$(s,i+1,1))) then
						r+=rc
					else
						r+="ς"
					end if
				else
					r+=rc
				end if
				i++
			else
				r+=mid$(s,i,1)
				i++
			end if
		end while
		=">>>> Text "+no+crlf+s+crlf+"     =>"+crlf+r+crlf+crlf
	}
}

trans=process1()

report trans("The quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog.", 1)

eng$={I was looking at some rhododendrons in my back garden,
dressed in my khaki shorts, when the telephone rang.

As I answered it, I cheerfully glimpsed that the July sun
caused a fragment of black pine wax to ooze on the velvet quilt
laying in my patio.}
Report trans(eng$, 2)

Report trans("sphinx of black quartz, judge my vow.", 3)

Output:

>>>> Text 1
The quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog.
     =>
Θε κυικ βροων φοξ ιυμπεδ οβερ θε λαζυ δογ.

>>>> Text 2
I was looking at some rhododendrons in my back garden,
dressed in my khaki shorts, when the telephone rang.

As I answered it, I cheerfully glimpsed that the July sun
caused a fragment of black pine wax to ooze on the velvet quilt
laying in my patio.
     =>
Ι ωας λωκινγ ατ σομε ροδοδενδρονς ιν μυ βακ γαρδεν,
δρεσσεδ ιν μυ χακι σηορτς, ωηεν θε τελεφονε ρανγ.

Ας Ι ανσωερεδ ιτ, Ι χηρφυλλυ γλιμψεδ θατ θε Ιυλυ συν
καυσεδ α φραγμεντ οφ βλακ πινε ωαξ το ωζε ον θε βελβετ κυιλτ
λαυινγ ιν μυ πατιο.

>>>> Text 3
sphinx of black quartz, judge my vow.
     =>
σφινξ οφ βλακ κυαρτζ, ιυδγε μυ βοω.

Perl

use v5.36;
use experimental 'for_list';
use utf8;
binmode(STDOUT, ':utf8');

sub to_Greek ($string) {
    my %pre  = qw<Ph F ck k ee h J I rh r oo w ph f ch χ th θ ps ψ Ch Χ Th Θ Ps Ψ kh χ 's ' 'ς '>;
    my %post = split '', 'aαbβdδeεfφgγhηiιjιkκlλmμnνoοpπqκrρsσtτuυvβwωxξyυzζAΑBΒDΔEΕFΦGΓHΗIΙLΛMΜNΝOΟPΠQΚRΡSΣTΤUΥWΩXΞZΖ';
    for my ($k,$v) (%pre, %post) { $string =~ s/$k/$v/g }
    $string
}

say "$_\n" . to_Greek $_ . "\n" for
    'The quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog.',
    'I was looking at some rhododendrons in my back garden, dressed in my khaki shorts, when the telephone rang.',
    'As I answered it, I cheerfully glimpsed that the July sun caused a fragment of black pine wax to ooze on the velvet quilt laying in my patio.';

Output:

The quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog.
Θε κυικ βροων φοξ ιυμπεδ οβερ θε λαζυ δογ.

I was looking at some rhododendrons in my back garden, dressed in my khaki shorts, when the telephone rang.
Ι ωασ λωκινγ ατ σομε ροδοδενδρονσ ιν μυ βακ γαρδεν, δρεσσεδ ιν μυ χακι σηορτσ, ωηεν θε τελεφονε ρανγ.

As I answered it, I cheerfully glimpsed that the July sun caused a fragment of black pine wax to ooze on the velvet quilt laying in my patio.
Ασ Ι ανσωερεδ ιτ, Ι χηρφυλλυ γλιμψεδ θατ θε Ιυλυ συν cαυσεδ α φραγμεντ οφ βλακ πινε ωαξ το ωζε ον θε βελβετ κυιλτ λαυινγ ιν μυ πατιο.

Phix

Library: Phix/online

Just for a laugh, figure out the rules directly from the task description. You can run this online here (and it'll probably look better in a browser than on a Windows console).

with javascript_semantics
constant task = """
alpha   a
beta    b or v
gamma   g
delta   d
epsilon e (but not ee)
zeta    z
eta     h or ee (but not ch, kh, ph, rh or th)
theta   th
iota    i or j
kappa   c, k, q or ck (but not ch and kh)
lambda  l
mu      m
nu      n
xi      x
omicron o (but not oo)
pi      p (but not ph or ps)
rho     r or rh
sigma   s (but not ps)
tau     t (but not th)
upsilon u or y
phi     f or ph
chi     ch or kh
psi     ps
omega   w or oo
"""
function rules()
    sequence replacements = split(task,"\n"),
             suborder = {{" ",49},{",",50},{".",51},{"\n",52}},
	     {rs,ir} = columnize(suborder),
	     names = reinstate(repeat(0,52),ir,rs),
             done = {}
    for i,s in replacements do
        s = substitute_all(s,{" or"," and"},{",",","})
        integer k = match("(but not ",s)
        sequence nots = {}
        if k then
            assert(s[$]=')' and s[k-1]=' ')
            nots = split(s[k+9..$-1],", ")
            s = s[1..k-2]
        end if
        s = split(substitute(s,",","")," ")
	names[i] = "<" & proper(s[1]) & ">"
	names[i+24] = "<" & s[1] & ">"
	s = s[2..$]
        k = max(apply(s&nots,length))
        replacements[i] = {k,i,reverse(s),nots}
    end for
    replacements = sort(replacements)
    while length(replacements) do
        for i=length(replacements) to 1 by -1 do
            bool missing = false
            for s in replacements[i][4] do
                missing += not find(s,done)
            end for
            if not missing then
		integer g = replacements[i][2]
                for s in replacements[i][3] do
                    done = append(done,s)
                    suborder &= {{s,g+24}}
                    s[1] = upper(s[1])
                    suborder &= {{s,g}}
                end for
                replacements[i..i] = {}
            end if
        end for
    end while
    return {columnize(suborder),names}
end function

sequence {{sub,rep},names} = rules(),
gulp = utf8_to_utf32("ΑΒΓΔΕΖΗΘΙΚΛΜΝΞΟΠΡΣΤΥΦΧΨΩ"&
		     "αβγδεζηθικλμνξοπρστυφχψω ,.\n"),
text = """
The quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog.

I was looking at some rhododendrons in my back garden,
dressed in my khaki shorts, when the telephone rang.
 
As I answered it, I cheerfully glimpsed that the July sun
caused a fragment of black pine wax to ooze on the velvet quilt
laying in my patio.
sphinx of black quartz, judge my vow."""
string g = utf32_to_utf8(extract(gulp,substitute_all(text,sub,rep)))
g = substitute_all(g,{"σ ","σ,"},{"ς ","ς,"})
printf(1,"%s\n=>\n%s\n\n",{text,g})
string thedog = "the dog"
g = join(extract(names,substitute_all(thedog,sub,rep)),"")      
printf(1,"%s\n=>\n%s\n\n",{thedog,g})

Output:

The quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog.

I was looking at some rhododendrons in my back garden,
dressed in my khaki shorts, when the telephone rang.
 
As I answered it, I cheerfully glimpsed that the July sun
caused a fragment of black pine wax to ooze on the velvet quilt
laying in my patio.
sphinx of black quartz, judge my vow.
=>
Θε κυικ βροων φοξ ιυμπεδ οβερ θε λαζυ δογ.

Ι ωας λωκινγ ατ σομε ροδοδενδρονς ιν μυ βακ γαρδεν,
δρεσσεδ ιν μυ χακι σηορτς, ωηεν θε τελεφονε ρανγ.
 
Ας Ι ανσωερεδ ιτ, Ι χηρφυλλυ γλιμψεδ θατ θε Ιυλυ συν
καυσεδ α φραγμεντ οφ βλακ πινε ωαξ το ωζε ον θε βελβετ κυιλτ
λαυινγ ιν μυ πατιο.
σφινξ οφ βλακ κυαρτζ, ιυδγε μυ βοω.

the dog
=>
<theta><epsilon> <delta><omicron><gamma>

Raku

sub to-Greek (Str $string is copy) {
    my %pre =  :Ph<F>, :ck<k>, :ee<h>, :J<I>, :rh<r>,:oo<w>, :ph<f>, :ch<χ>,
               :th<θ>, :ps<ψ>, :Ch<Χ>, :Th<Θ>, :Ps<Ψ>, :kh<χ>, 's ' => 'ς ';
    my %post = :a<α>, :b<β>, :d<δ>, :e<ε>, :f<φ>, :g<γ>, :h<η>, :i<ι>, :j<ι>,
               :k<κ>, :l<λ>, :m<μ>, :n<ν>, :o<ο>, :p<π>, :q<κ>, :r<ρ>, :s<σ>,
               :t<τ>, :u<υ>, :v<β>, :w<ω>, :x<ξ>, :y<υ>, :z<ζ>, :A<Α>, :B<Β>,
               :D<Δ>, :E<Ε>, :F<Φ>, :G<Γ>, :H<Η>, :I<Ι>, :L<Λ>, :M<Μ>, :N<Ν>,
               :O<Ο>, :P<Π>, :Q<Κ>, :R<Ρ>, :S<Σ>, :T<Τ>, :U<Υ>, :W<Ω>, :X<Ξ>,
               :Z<Ζ>;

    $string.=subst(:g, .key, .value ) for flat %pre, %post;
    $string
}

my $text = chomp q:to/ENGLISH/;
    The quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog.

    I was looking at some rhododendrons in my back garden,
    dressed in my khaki shorts, when the telephone rang.

    As I answered it, I cheerfully glimpsed that the July sun
    caused a fragment of black pine wax to ooze on the velvet quilt
    laying in my patio.

    sphinx of black quartz, judge my vow.
    ENGLISH

say "English:\n\n" ~ $text ~ "\n" ~ '=' x 80;

say "\"Greek\":\n\n" ~ $text.&to-Greek ~ "\n" ~ '=' x 80;

say "Or, to named characters:\n\n$_\n" ~
  .&to-Greek.comb.map({ .match(/\W/) ?? $_ !!
      '<' ~ .uniname.subst( /.+<?after LETTER\s>/).lc ~ '>'
  }).join
  given 'sphinx of black quartz, judge my vow.';

Output:

English:

The quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog.

I was looking at some rhododendrons in my back garden,
dressed in my khaki shorts, when the telephone rang.

As I answered it, I cheerfully glimpsed that the July sun
caused a fragment of black pine wax to ooze on the velvet quilt
laying in my patio.

sphinx of black quartz, judge my vow.
================================================================================
"Greek":

Θε κυικ βροων φοξ ιυμπεδ οβερ θε λαζυ δογ.

Ι ωας λωκινγ ατ σομε ροδοδενδρονς ιν μυ βακ γαρδεν,
δρεσσεδ ιν μυ χακι σηορτσ, ωηεν θε τελεφονε ρανγ.

Ας Ι ανσωερεδ ιτ, Ι χηρφυλλυ γλιμψεδ θατ θε Ιυλυ συν
cαυσεδ α φραγμεντ οφ βλακ πινε ωαξ το ωζε ον θε βελβετ κυιλτ
λαυινγ ιν μυ πατιο.

σφινξ οφ βλακ κυαρτζ, ιυδγε μυ βοω.
================================================================================
Or, to named characters:

sphinx of black quartz, judge my vow.
<sigma><phi><iota><nu><xi> <omicron><phi> <beta><lamda><alpha><kappa> <kappa><upsilon><alpha><rho><tau><zeta>, <iota><upsilon><delta><gamma><epsilon> <mu><upsilon> <beta><omicron><omega>.

Wren

Library: Wren-str

import "./str" for Char, Greek

var English2Greek = Fn.new { |text|
    // make appropriate substitutions using rarely used control characters
    // for Greek letters which have no single English letter equivalents
    var subs = [
        ["v", "b"],
        ["j", "i"],
        ["y", "u"],
        ["ch", "\x01"], // chi (l/c)
        ["kh", "\x01"], // chi (l/c)
        ["ph", "f"],
        ["rh", "r"],
        ["th", "\x02"], // theta (l/c)
        ["Ch", "\x04"], // chi (u/c)
        ["Kh", "\x04"], // chi (u/c)
        ["Ph", "F"],
        ["Rh", "R"],
        ["Th", "\x05"], // theta (u/c)
        ["ee", "h"],
        ["ck", "q"],
        ["c", "q"],
        ["k", "q"],
        ["oo", "w"],
        ["ps", "\x03"], // psi(l/c)
        ["Ps", "\x06"], // psi(u/c)
        ["V", "B"],
        ["J", "I"],
        ["Y", "U"],
        ["CH", "\x04"], // chi (u/c)
        ["KH", "\x04"], // chi (u/c)
        ["PH", "F"],
        ["RH", "R"],
        ["TH", "\x05"], // theta (u/c)
        ["EE", "H"],
        ["CK", "Q"],
        ["C", "Q"],
        ["K", "Q"],
        ["OO", "W"],
        ["PS", "\x06"], // psi(u/c)
    ]
    for (sub in subs) text = text.replace(sub[0], sub[1])

    // now look for final English lower case 's' and use 'DEL' to substitute for that
    var letters = text.toList
    for (i in 1...letters.count) {
        var c = letters[i]
        if ((Char.isWhitespace(c) || Char.isPunctuation(c)) && letters[i-1] == "s") {
            letters[i-1] = "\x7f"
        }
    }

    // finally substitute the remaining English 'letters' with Greek ones
    // note that some of them look the same but are different codepoints
    var e2g = {
        "a": "α", "b": "β", "d": "δ", "e": "ε", "f": "φ", "g": "γ", "h": "η", 
        "i": "ι", "l": "λ", "m": "μ", "n": "ν", "o": "ο", "p": "π", "q": "κ", 
        "r": "ρ", "s": "σ", "t": "τ", "u": "υ", "w": "ω", "x": "ξ", "z": "ζ", 
        "A": "Α", "B": "Β", "D": "Δ", "E": "Ε", "F": "Φ", "G": "Γ", "H": "Η", 
        "I": "Ι", "L": "Λ", "M": "Μ", "N": "Ν", "O": "Ο", "P": "Π", "Q": "Κ",
        "R": "Ρ", "S": "Σ", "T": "Τ", "U": "Υ", "W": "Ω", "X": "Ξ", "Z": "Ζ",
        "\x01": "χ", "\x02": "θ", "\x03": "ψ", "\x7f": "ς",
        "\x04": "Χ", "\x05": "Θ", "\x06": "Ψ"
    }

    var greek = List.filled(letters.count, null)
    for (i in 0...greek.count) {
        var c = letters[i]
        if (Char.isWhitespace(c) || Char.isPunctuation(c)) {
            greek[i] = c
        } else {
            greek[i] = e2g[letters[i]]
        }
    }
    return greek.join("")
}

var texts = [
"The quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog.",
"""
I was looking at some rhododendrons in my back garden,
dressed in my khaki shorts, when the telephone rang.

As I answered it, I cheerfully glimpsed that the July sun
caused a fragment of black pine wax to ooze on the velvet quilt
laying in my patio.
""",
"sphinx of black quartz, judge my vow."
]
for (text in texts) {
    System.print(text)
    System.print()
    System.print(English2Greek.call(text))
    System.print("=" * 65)
}
System.print("The last example using the names of the Greek letters instead:")
var greek = English2Greek.call(texts[2])
var s = ""
for (g in greek) {
    var c
    if (Char.isWhitespace(g) || Char.isPunctuation(g)) {
        c = g
    } else {
        c = "<" + Greek.name(g) + ">"
    }
    s = s + c
}
System.print(s)

Output:

The quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog.

Θε κυικ βροων φοξ ιυμπεδ οβερ θε λαζυ δογ.
=================================================================
I was looking at some rhododendrons in my back garden,
dressed in my khaki shorts, when the telephone rang.

As I answered it, I cheerfully glimpsed that the July sun
caused a fragment of black pine wax to ooze on the velvet quilt
laying in my patio.

Ι ωας λωκινγ ατ σομε ροδοδενδρονς ιν μυ βακ γαρδεν,
δρεσσεδ ιν μυ χακι σηορτς, ωηεν θε τελεφονε ρανγ.

Ας Ι ανσωερεδ ιτ, Ι χηρφυλλυ γλιμψεδ θατ θε Ιυλυ συν
καυσεδ α φραγμεντ οφ βλακ πινε ωαξ το ωζε ον θε βελβετ κυιλτ
λαυινγ ιν μυ πατιο.
=================================================================
sphinx of black quartz, judge my vow.

σφινξ οφ βλακ κυαρτζ, ιυδγε μυ βοω.
=================================================================
The last example using the names of the Greek letters instead:
<sigma><phi><iota><nu><xi> <omicron><phi> <beta><lambda><alpha><kappa> <kappa><upsilon><alpha><rho><tau><zeta>, <iota><upsilon><delta><gamma><epsilon> <mu><upsilon> <beta><omicron><omega>.