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A quine is a self-referential program that can, without any external access, output its own source.

A quine (named after Willard Van Orman Quine) is also known as:

self-reproducing automata (1972)
self-replicating program or self-replicating computer program
self-reproducing program or self-reproducing computer program
self-copying program or self-copying computer program

It is named after the philosopher and logician who studied self-reference and quoting in natural language, as for example in the paradox "'Yields falsehood when preceded by its quotation' yields falsehood when preceded by its quotation."

"Source" has one of two meanings. It can refer to the text-based program source. For languages in which program source is represented as a data structure, "source" may refer to the data structure: quines in these languages fall into two categories: programs which print a textual representation of themselves, or expressions which evaluate to a data structure which is equivalent to that expression.

The usual way to code a quine works similarly to this paradox: The program consists of two identical parts, once as plain code and once quoted in some way (for example, as a character string, or a literal data structure). The plain code then accesses the quoted code and prints it out twice, once unquoted and once with the proper quotation marks added. Often, the plain code and the quoted code have to be nested.

Task

Write a program that outputs its own source code in this way. If the language allows it, you may add a variant that accesses the code directly. You are not allowed to read any external files with the source code. The program should also contain some sort of self-reference, so constant expressions which return their own value which some top-level interpreter will print out. Empty programs producing no output are not allowed.

There are several difficulties that one runs into when writing a quine, mostly dealing with quoting:

Part of the code usually needs to be stored as a string or structural literal in the language, which needs to be quoted somehow. However, including quotation marks in the string literal itself would be troublesome because it requires them to be escaped, which then necessitates the escaping character (e.g. a backslash) in the string, which itself usually needs to be escaped, and so on.
- Some languages have a function for getting the "source code representation" of a string (i.e. adds quotation marks, etc.); in these languages, this can be used to circumvent the quoting problem.
- Another solution is to construct the quote character from its character code, without having to write the quote character itself. Then the character is inserted into the string at the appropriate places. The ASCII code for double-quote is 34, and for single-quote is 39.
Newlines in the program may have to be reproduced as newlines in the string, which usually requires some kind of escape sequence (e.g. "\n"). This causes the same problem as above, where the escaping character needs to itself be escaped, etc.
- If the language has a way of getting the "source code representation", it usually handles the escaping of characters, so this is not a problem.
- Some languages allow you to have a string literal that spans multiple lines, which embeds the newlines into the string without escaping.
- Write the entire program on one line, for free-form languages (as you can see for some of the solutions here, they run off the edge of the screen), thus removing the need for newlines. However, this may be unacceptable as some languages require a newline at the end of the file; and otherwise it is still generally good style to have a newline at the end of a file. (The task is not clear on whether a newline is required at the end of the file.) Some languages have a print statement that appends a newline; which solves the newline-at-the-end issue; but others do not.

Next to the Quines presented here, many other versions can be found on the Quine page.

Related task

print itself.

8080 Assembly

<lang 8080asm> org 100h

       lxi     b,P
       call    A
       lxi     d,P
       jmp     B

A: ldax b

       ana     a
       rz
       call    G
       inx     b
       jmp     A

B: lxi h,C

       call    H
       mvi     c,16

D: mvi a,48

       call    G
       ldax    d
       call    E
       mvi     a,104
       call    G
       ldax    d
       ana     a
       rz
       inx     d
       dcr     c
       jz      B
       mvi     a,44
       call    G
       jmp     D

E: push psw

       rlc
       rlc
       rlc
       rlc
       call    F
       pop     psw

F: ani 15

G: push h

       push    d
       push    b
       push    psw
       mov     e,a
       mvi     c,2
       call    5
       pop     psw

r: pop b

       pop     d
       pop     h
       ret

H: push b

       push    d
       push    h
       xchg
       mvi     c,9
       call    5
       jmp     r

C: db 13,10,9,'db',9,'$' P:

       db      009h,06Fh,072h,067h,009h,031h,030h,030h,068h,00Dh,00Ah,009h,06Ch,078h,069h,009h
       db      062h,02Ch,050h,00Dh,00Ah,009h,063h,061h,06Ch,06Ch,009h,041h,00Dh,00Ah,009h,06Ch
       db      078h,069h,009h,064h,02Ch,050h,00Dh,00Ah,009h,06Ah,06Dh,070h,009h,042h,00Dh,00Ah
       db      041h,03Ah,009h,06Ch,064h,061h,078h,009h,062h,00Dh,00Ah,009h,061h,06Eh,061h,009h
       db      061h,00Dh,00Ah,009h,072h,07Ah,00Dh,00Ah,009h,063h,061h,06Ch,06Ch,009h,047h,00Dh
       db      00Ah,009h,069h,06Eh,078h,009h,062h,00Dh,00Ah,009h,06Ah,06Dh,070h,009h,041h,00Dh
       db      00Ah,042h,03Ah,009h,06Ch,078h,069h,009h,068h,02Ch,043h,00Dh,00Ah,009h,063h,061h
       db      06Ch,06Ch,009h,048h,00Dh,00Ah,009h,06Dh,076h,069h,009h,063h,02Ch,031h,036h,00Dh
       db      00Ah,044h,03Ah,009h,06Dh,076h,069h,009h,061h,02Ch,034h,038h,00Dh,00Ah,009h,063h
       db      061h,06Ch,06Ch,009h,047h,00Dh,00Ah,009h,06Ch,064h,061h,078h,009h,064h,00Dh,00Ah
       db      009h,063h,061h,06Ch,06Ch,009h,045h,00Dh,00Ah,009h,06Dh,076h,069h,009h,061h,02Ch
       db      031h,030h,034h,00Dh,00Ah,009h,063h,061h,06Ch,06Ch,009h,047h,00Dh,00Ah,009h,06Ch
       db      064h,061h,078h,009h,064h,00Dh,00Ah,009h,061h,06Eh,061h,009h,061h,00Dh,00Ah,009h
       db      072h,07Ah,00Dh,00Ah,009h,069h,06Eh,078h,009h,064h,00Dh,00Ah,009h,064h,063h,072h
       db      009h,063h,00Dh,00Ah,009h,06Ah,07Ah,020h,009h,042h,00Dh,00Ah,009h,06Dh,076h,069h
       db      009h,061h,02Ch,034h,034h,00Dh,00Ah,009h,063h,061h,06Ch,06Ch,009h,047h,00Dh,00Ah
       db      009h,06Ah,06Dh,070h,009h,044h,00Dh,00Ah,045h,03Ah,009h,070h,075h,073h,068h,009h
       db      070h,073h,077h,00Dh,00Ah,009h,072h,06Ch,063h,00Dh,00Ah,009h,072h,06Ch,063h,00Dh
       db      00Ah,009h,072h,06Ch,063h,00Dh,00Ah,009h,072h,06Ch,063h,00Dh,00Ah,009h,063h,061h
       db      06Ch,06Ch,009h,046h,00Dh,00Ah,009h,070h,06Fh,070h,009h,070h,073h,077h,00Dh,00Ah
       db      046h,03Ah,009h,061h,06Eh,069h,009h,031h,035h,00Dh,00Ah,009h,061h,064h,069h,009h
       db      034h,038h,00Dh,00Ah,009h,063h,070h,069h,009h,035h,038h,00Dh,00Ah,009h,06Ah,063h
       db      009h,047h,00Dh,00Ah,009h,061h,064h,069h,009h,037h,00Dh,00Ah,047h,03Ah,009h,070h
       db      075h,073h,068h,009h,068h,00Dh,00Ah,009h,070h,075h,073h,068h,009h,064h,00Dh,00Ah
       db      009h,070h,075h,073h,068h,009h,062h,00Dh,00Ah,009h,070h,075h,073h,068h,009h,070h
       db      073h,077h,00Dh,00Ah,009h,06Dh,06Fh,076h,009h,065h,02Ch,061h,00Dh,00Ah,009h,06Dh
       db      076h,069h,009h,063h,02Ch,032h,00Dh,00Ah,009h,063h,061h,06Ch,06Ch,009h,035h,00Dh
       db      00Ah,009h,070h,06Fh,070h,009h,070h,073h,077h,00Dh,00Ah,072h,03Ah,009h,070h,06Fh
       db      070h,009h,062h,00Dh,00Ah,009h,070h,06Fh,070h,009h,064h,00Dh,00Ah,009h,070h,06Fh
       db      070h,009h,068h,00Dh,00Ah,009h,072h,065h,074h,00Dh,00Ah,048h,03Ah,009h,070h,075h
       db      073h,068h,009h,062h,00Dh,00Ah,009h,070h,075h,073h,068h,009h,064h,00Dh,00Ah,009h
       db      070h,075h,073h,068h,009h,068h,00Dh,00Ah,009h,078h,063h,068h,067h,00Dh,00Ah,009h
       db      06Dh,076h,069h,009h,063h,02Ch,039h,00Dh,00Ah,009h,063h,061h,06Ch,06Ch,009h,035h
       db      00Dh,00Ah,009h,06Ah,06Dh,070h,009h,072h,00Dh,00Ah,043h,03Ah,009h,064h,062h,009h
       db      031h,033h,02Ch,031h,030h,02Ch,039h,02Ch,027h,064h,062h,027h,02Ch,039h,02Ch,027h
       db      024h,027h,00Dh,00Ah,050h,03Ah,000h</lang>

ABAP

I copied one of my examples from http://www.yaabb.de/viewtopic.php?t=44 <lang ABAP>REPORT R NO STANDARD PAGE HEADING LINE-SIZE 67. DATA:A(440),B,C,N(3) TYPE N,I TYPE I,S. A+000 = 'REPORT R NO STANDARD PAGE HEADING LINE-SIZE 6\7.1DATA:A'. A+055 = '(440),B,C,N(\3) TYPE N,I TYPE I,S.?1DO 440 TIMES.3C = A'. A+110 = '+I.3IF B = S.5IF C CA `\\\?\1\3\5\7`.7B = C.5ELSEIF C ='. A+165 = ' `\``.7WRITE ```` NO-GAP.5ELSE.7WRITE C NO-GAP.5ENDIF.3'. A+220 = 'ELSEIF B = `\\`.5WRITE C NO-GAP.5B = S.3ELSEIF B = `\?`'. A+275 = '.5DO 8 TIMES.7WRITE:/ `A+` NO-GAP,N,`= ``` NO-GAP,A+N(\'. A+330 = '5\5) NO-GAP,```.`.7N = N + \5\5.5ENDDO.5B = C.3ELSE.5WR'. A+385 = 'ITE AT /B C NO-GAP.5B = S.3ENDIF.3I = I + \1.1ENDDO. '. DO 440 TIMES.

 C = A+I.
 IF B = S.
   IF C CA '\?1357'.
     B = C.
   ELSEIF C = '`'.
     WRITE ' NO-GAP.
   ELSE.
     WRITE C NO-GAP.
   ENDIF.
 ELSEIF B = '\'.
   WRITE C NO-GAP.
   B = S.
 ELSEIF B = '?'.
   DO 8 TIMES.
     WRITE:/ 'A+' NO-GAP,N,'=  NO-GAP,A+N(55) NO-GAP,.'.
     N = N + 55.
   ENDDO.
   B = C.
 ELSE.
   WRITE AT /B C NO-GAP.
   B = S.
 ENDIF.
 I = I + 1.

ENDDO.</lang> Here is another one, requiring SY-SAPRL >= '620': <lang ABAP>REPORT R NO STANDARD PAGE HEADING.DATA:A TYPE TABLE OF STRING,B(8).APPEND: `REPORT.FORM F TABLES T.NEW-PAGE LINE-SIZE 78.WRITE:'REPORT R NO',` TO A, `'STANDARD PAGE HEADING.DATA:A TYPE TABLE OF STRING,B(8).APPEND:'.LOOP` TO A, `AT T.REPLACE ALL OCCURENCES OF'``' IN T WITH'````'.WRITE:/'``'` TO A, `NO-GAP,T NO-GAP,'`` TO A,'.ENDLOOP.WRITE:AT 78'.','GENERATE',` TO A, `'SUBROUTINE POOL A NAME B.PERFORM F IN PROGRAM (B) TABLES A.'.ENDFORM.` TO A. GENERATE SUBROUTINE POOL A NAME B.PERFORM F IN PROGRAM (B) TABLES A.</lang> Please note that the program still works if you fix the spelling error (s/OCCURENCES/OCCURRENCES/), thus increasing the size of the source code by 1 character.

One more program, created in a 7.0 unicode system, but it should work in any SAP system with SY-SAPRL >= '700', even if you'll have a hard time verifying the correctness just by studying the source code: <lang ABAP>REPORT A NO STANDARD PAGE HEADING LINE-SIZE 72.DATA:C(33),A LIKE TABLE OF C,X(3333) TYPE X,Y TYPE XSTRING.DEFINE A.X+C ='&1'.C = C + 33. END-OF-DEFINITION. DEFINE B.LOOP AT A INTO C &1 &2.WRITE / C.ENDLOOP. END-OF-DEFINITION. A FF060201020280003431303300000000AC030000121F9D02BB522ADA69108AA1C7 . A E8B32FFEC07DD21907936962B28407983089732C8811FC4413FD02A7BFE6690B03 . A 262F72B38EF69EB6A7A71C9F82CF44CC11469E081F86785777F269DE372CE9EC4B . A 5E0A24D8224781128E290E1B7A0ECFF423BEDFD316B43B456FE9AD98E1F0401B31 . A 9E11B3A23F3C865EEB6D028FD532BC69DED831F41DE6F0B59F745E604996373C97 . A 982A2FA9F6C81A86164CCC98D4CC91D22E89AB9A1CCBEB6A97A839A5602BA26AFE . A 7791BF4C2A9DBE6866134E093BD82CA291CF2A57EC67E81017384740EB33E6102A . A 174784531EFEA076A29A7ACAD9EB55CED8316374D3E00D3DEC1CF36E4D4C4EE64E . A 75B28DB568C195BA3DE92F9CC48AAAAF3A4DD9CC6BE899E27C18A3B66ECBF65093 . A FFF1168545878AD10C4F075F588821EF947739516EBF7D99F5851D52F629E8D5AC . A 13EF77291306AA6CABF7B56EC9E273F47997DA3FE146FB2A2C30E3BE22FEA603B4 . A EDB5FBEE64A7637B35B46DD79491EEC2D1A19B26C0ADAAB2FB39F9050000000000 . Y = X.IMPORT A = A FROM DATA BUFFER Y.B TO 13.C = 0.DO 12 TIMES.WRITE:/'A', X+C(33),'.'.C = C + 33.ENDDO.B FROM 14.</lang>

And a final one (cheating, even though not using READ REPORT), it should work in any SAP system with SY-SAPRL >= '46B': <lang ABAP>.REPORT Q NO STANDARD PAGE HEADING LINE-SIZE 72 .DATA QQ(69) OCCURS 0 .DATA Q LIKE QQ WITH HEADER LINE .APPEND 'SYNTAX-TRACE ON.INCLUDE' TO QQ .APPEND SY-REPID TO QQ .APPEND '.' TO QQ .SYNTAX-CHECK FOR QQ MESSAGE Q LINE Q WORD Q TRACE-TABLE Q .LOOP AT Q .CHECK Q(1) = '#' .Q = Q+5 .IF Q < Q OR SY-SAPRL > '5' .SPLIT Q AT INTO Q Q .ENDIF .IF Q < Q OR SY-LINNO < 22 .CHECK Q CA 'Q.' OR Q+4 = 'F' .ENDIF .IF Q < Q OR SY-LINNO > 23 .CHECK Q CA '.' .ENDIF .CHECK Q(1) NA 'IT+' OR Q+1(1) = 'F' .WRITE / '.' NO-GAP .WRITE Q .ENDLOOP .WRITE / '.' .</lang>

ACL2

<lang Lisp>(defun print-quine (quine)

  (cw quine quine))

(print-quine "(defun print-quine (quine)

 (cw quine quine))

(print-quine ~x0)~%")</lang>

A shorter one:

Ada

The program text must be in one line.

<lang Ada>with Ada.Text_IO;procedure Self is Q:Character:='"';A:String:="with Ada.Text_IO;procedure Self is Q:Character:='';A:String:=;begin Ada.Text_IO.Put_Line(A(1..49)&Q&A(50..61)&Q&A&Q&A(62..A'Last));end Self;";begin Ada.Text_IO.Put_Line(A(1..49)&Q&A(50..61)&Q&A&Q&A(62..A'Last));end Self;</lang>

Aime

<lang aime>integer f; text s, t;

f = 36; s = "integer f; text s, t;

f = 36; s = \"\";

o_text(cut(s, 0, f)); o_text(cut(s, 0, f - 1)); o_etext(cut(s, f - 1, 2)); o_text(cut(s, f + 1, 8888 - f)); o_text(cut(s, f, 8888 - f)); ";

o_text(cut(s, 0, f)); o_text(cut(s, 0, f - 1)); o_etext(cut(s, f - 1, 2)); o_text(cut(s, f + 1, 8888 - f)); o_text(cut(s, f, 8888 - f));</lang>

ALGOL 68

The following program assumes that the target machine is ASCII, hence the use of character 34 as a double quote. <lang algol68>STRINGa="STRINGa=,q=REPR34;print(a[:8]+q+a+q+a[9:])",q=REPR34;print(a[:8]+q+a+q+a[9:])</lang> The following is a shorter and character set independent - hence portable - implementation. <lang algol68>[]CHARa="[]CHARa="";print(2*a[:9]+2*a[9:])";print(2*a[:9]+2*a[9:])</lang> The original program - from which this is derived - was written by Richard Wendland, who is one of the team who implemented Algol 68 on Honeywell's Multics. The original can be found in Algol Bulletin 46 - 2.1 - Page 5.

APL

<lang APL>1⌽,⍨9⍴1⌽,⍨9⍴ ⍝ Author: Nikolay Nikolov; Source: https://dfns.dyalog.com/n_quine.htm</lang>

Applesoft BASIC

Arturo

<lang rebol>block: [print ["block:" as .code block "do block"]] do block</lang>

Output:

block: [print ["block:" as .code block "do block"]] do block

AutoHotkey

All from http://www.autohotkey.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=14336: The "cheating" way: <lang AutoHotkey>FileRead, quine, %A_ScriptFullPath% MsgBox % quine</lang> Another: <lang AutoHotkey>D(n, s) {

  global 
  Loop %n% 
  { 
     l := %s%%A_Index% 
     If l = # 
        l := "script =" . nl . "( %" . nl . script . nl . ")" 
     FileAppend %l%%nl%, %A_ScriptDir%\Q.txt 
  }

} nl := Chr(13) . Chr(10) script = ( % D(n, s) {

  global 
  Loop %n% 
  { 
     l := %s%%A_Index% 
     If l = # 
        l := "script =" . nl . "( %" . nl . script . nl . ")" 
     FileAppend %l%%nl%, %A_ScriptDir%\Q.txt 
  }

} nl := Chr(13) . Chr(10)

StringSplit q, script, %nl% D(q0, "q") ) StringSplit q, script, %nl% D(q0, "q")</lang> Another:

<lang AutoHotkey>quote := Chr(34) sep := Chr(36) nl := Chr(13) . Chr(10) script := "quote := Chr(34)$sep := Chr(36)$nl := Chr(13) . Chr(10)$script := #$s := script$StringReplace script, script, %sep%, %nl%, All$StringReplace script, script, #, %quote%%s%%quote%$FileAppend %script%, %A_ScriptDir%\Q.txt" s := script StringReplace script, script, %sep%, %nl%, All StringReplace script, script, #, %quote%%s%%quote%

FileAppend %script%, %A_ScriptDir%\Q.txt</lang>

Another "cheating" method: <lang AutoHotkey>FileCopy, %A_ScriptFullPath%, %A_ScriptDir%\Copy-Of--%A_ScriptName%</lang>

AWK

version 1

<lang AWK>BEGIN{c="BEGIN{c=%c%s%c;printf(c,34,c,34);}";printf(c,34,c,34);}</lang>

version 2

<lang AWK>BEGIN{c="BEGIN{c=%c%s%c;printf c,34,c,34}";printf c,34,c,34}</lang>

Babel

Demonstrating from the commandline:

<lang babel>% bin/babel quine.sp { "{ '{ ' << dup [val 0x22 0xffffff00 ] dup <- << << -> << ' ' << << ' }' << } !" { '{ ' << dup [val 0x22 0xffffff00 ] dup <- << << -> << ' ' << << '}' << } ! }% % % cat quine.sp { "{ '{ ' << dup [val 0x22 0xffffff00 ] dup <- << << -> << ' ' << << ' }' << } !" { '{ ' << dup [val 0x22 0xffffff00 ] dup <- << << -> << ' ' << << '}' << } ! }% %</lang>

Demonstrating in interactive mode:

<lang babel>% bin/babel babel> { "{ '{ ' << dup [val 0x22 0xffffff00 ] dup <- << << -> << ' ' << << ' }' << } !" { '{ ' << dup [val 0x22 0xffffff00 ] dup <- << << -> << ' ' << << '}' << } ! } babel> eval { "{ '{ ' << dup [val 0x22 0xffffff00 ] dup <- << << -> << ' ' << << ' }' << } !" { '{ ' << dup [val 0x22 0xffffff00 ] dup <- << << -> << ' ' << << ' }' << } !}babel> babel></lang>

bash

<lang sh>#!/bin/bash mapfile < $0 printf "%s" "${MAPFILE[@]}"</lang> <lang sh>$ history | tail -n 1 | cut -c 8-</lang> <lang sh>$ echo "$BASH_COMMAND"</lang> <lang bash>_ () {

   function __ ()
   {
       true
   };
   ${1} &> /dev/null;
   echo "$(declare -f _);_ ${@}"

};_ __ </lang>

BASIC

ZX Spectrum Basic For dialects of BASIC that include the LIST command, Quines are trivial. <lang qbasic>10 LIST</lang>

For dialects that include the DATA keyword, it is almost as easy.

Works with: QBasic

<lang qbasic>READ d$ DO

   READ x$
   PRINT x$

LOOP UNTIL LEN(x$) < 1 RESTORE DO

   READ x$
   PRINT d$; CHR$(34); x$; CHR$(34)

LOOP UNTIL LEN(x$) < 1 END

DATA "DATA " DATA "READ d$" DATA "DO" DATA " READ x$" DATA " PRINT x$" DATA "LOOP UNTIL LEN(x$) < 1" DATA "RESTORE" DATA "DO" DATA " READ x$" DATA " PRINT d$; CHR$(34); x$; CHR$(34)" DATA "LOOP UNTIL LEN(x$) < 1" DATA "END" DATA ""</lang>

QuickBASIC

Works with: QBasic

<lang qbasic> A$ = "a!'dbde[39] c34);[97] 'a + c34);[98] 'b';[99] 'c';[100][101] 'e';[91] : PRINT 'CASE c';[93] ']';[33] A$;dCASE ELSE: PRINT MID$(A$, I, 1);dEND SELECTdNEXT Id" FOR I = 1 TO LEN(A$) SELECT CASE MID$(A$, I, 1) CASE CHR$(39): PRINT CHR$(34); CASE CHR$(97): PRINT "A$ = " + CHR$(34); CASE CHR$(98): PRINT "FOR I = 1 TO LEN(A$)"; CASE CHR$(99): PRINT "CHR$("; CASE CHR$(100): PRINT CASE CHR$(101): PRINT "SELECT CASE MID$(A$, I, 1)"; CASE CHR$(91): PRINT : PRINT "CASE CHR$("; CASE CHR$(93): PRINT "): PRINT"; CASE CHR$(33): PRINT A$; CASE ELSE: PRINT MID$(A$, I, 1); END SELECT NEXT I </lang>

BaCon

<lang qbasic>?SOURCE$;</lang> or more in line with the task description <lang freebasic>a$=SOURCE$:?a$;</lang>

Output:

prompt$ echo -n 'a$=SOURCE$:?a$;' > quine.bac
prompt$ bacon -q quine.bac
Converting 'quine.bac'... done, 0 lines were processed in 0.005 seconds.
Compiling 'quine.bac'... cc  -c quine.bac.c
cc -o quine quine.bac.o -lbacon -lm
Done, program 'quine' ready.
prompt$ ./quine
a$=SOURCE$:?a$;prompt$

If the source file ends in a newline it will work just as well, the newline will be part of the quine.

And one that is a little less cheaty and a little more meaty:

<lang freebasic>s$="s$=%c%s%c:?34,s$,34 FORMAT s$":?34,s$,34 FORMAT s$</lang>

Output:

prompt$ ./quine2
s$="s$=%c%s%c:?34,s$,34 FORMAT s$":?34,s$,34 FORMAT s$prompt$

Sinclair ZX81 BASIC

We can of course do it trivially with 10 LIST; but, if that feels like cheating, we can also PEEK the source code out of memory and print it.

Works with 1k of RAM. <lang basic> 10 LET L$="10"

 20 LET I=VAL "16512"
 30 PRINT TAB (VAL "4"-LEN L$);L$;
 40 LET I=I+VAL "1"
 50 LET C=PEEK I
 60 IF C=VAL "118" THEN GOTO VAL "90"
 70 PRINT CHR$ C;
 80 GOTO VAL "40"
 90 PRINT
100 LET L$=STR$ (VAL L$+VAL "10")
110 LET I=I+VAL "4"
120 IF VAL L$<=VAL "120" THEN GOTO VAL "30"</lang>

Output:

Exactly the same.

A couple of notes on how it works:

(1) all the numbers in the source code are dressed up as strings, so that the interpreter does not parse them as numbers and include their floating-point representation in the tokenized source;

(2) when the system lists a program, it allocates four columns for the line number—we replicate this behaviour;

(3) character 118 is the new line character.

Batch File

<lang dos>@type %0</lang> For Windows 2000 and later only: <lang windowsnt>@type "%~f0"</lang>

BBC BASIC

Works with: BBC BASIC for Windows

<lang bbcbasic> PRINT $(PAGE+22)$(PAGE+21):REM PRINT $(PAGE+22)$(PAGE+21):REM</lang>

Works with: ARM BBC BASIC

<lang bbcbasic> PRINT $(PAGE+23)$(PAGE+22):REM PRINT $(PAGE+23)$(PAGE+22):REM</lang>

BCPL

<lang bcpl>get "libhdr"

let start() be $( let x = table

   13,10,32,32,32,32,108,101,116,32,110,32,61,32,48,
   13,10,32,32,32,32,119,114,105,116,101,115,40,34,103,
   101,116,32,42,34,108,105,98,104,100,114,42,34,42,78,
   42,78,108,101,116,32,115,116,97,114,116,40,41,32,98,
   101,42,78,36,40,32,32,108,101,116,32,120,32,61,32,
   116,97,98,108,101,42,78,32,32,32,32,34,41,13,10,
   13,10,32,32,32,32,119,104,105,108,101,32,120,33,110,
   32,126,61,32,48,32,100,111,13,10,32,32,32,32,36,
   40,32,32,119,114,105,116,101,102,40,34,37,78,44,34,
   44,120,33,110,41,13,10,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,
   110,32,58,61,32,110,32,43,32,49,13,10,32,32,32,
   32,32,32,32,32,105,102,32,110,32,114,101,109,32,49,
   53,32,61,32,48,32,116,104,101,110,32,119,114,105,116,
   101,115,40,34,42,78,32,32,32,32,34,41,13,10,32,
   32,32,32,36,41,13,10,32,32,32,32,13,10,32,32,
   32,32,119,114,105,116,101,115,40,34,48,42,78,34,41,
   13,10,32,32,32,32,13,10,32,32,32,32,110,32,58,
   61,32,48,13,10,32,32,32,32,119,104,105,108,101,32,
   120,33,110,32,126,61,32,48,32,100,111,13,10,32,32,
   32,32,36,40,32,32,119,114,99,104,40,120,33,110,41,
   13,10,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,110,32,58,61,32,
   110,32,43,32,49,13,10,32,32,32,32,36,41,13,10,
   36,41,13,10,0

   let n = 0
   writes("get *"libhdr*"*N*Nlet start() be*N$(  let x = table*N    ")

   while x!n ~= 0 do
   $(  writef("%N,",x!n)
       n := n + 1
       if n rem 15 = 0 then writes("*N    ")
   $)

   writes("0*N")

   n := 0
   while x!n ~= 0 do
   $(  wrch(x!n)
       n := n + 1
   $)

$)</lang>

beeswax

Instruction pointers in beeswax programs can drop values in their own source code (growing the program space, if necessary), or pick up values from everywhere in the source code.

The instruction pointer starts at the left, travels to the right, and at instruction D the IP drops the current value at the top of its own stack—96, or ASCII value for ` —left of the source code, which changes the program to:

<lang beeswax>`_4~++~+.@1~0@D@1J</lang> or <lang beeswax>`*4~++~+.@1~0@D@1J</lang> respectively.

Arriving at instruction J (jump) the instruction pointer jumps to the newly dropped instruction, which switches the IP to print out mode, and it outputs every encountered symbol or value to STDOUT until it encounters the next ` or the program ends.

A version that does not modify itself:

Befunge

The code space is also the data space of a Befunge program. Programs can be read and modified on the fly. This quine works by reading and printing each character of the source. (This is a implicit loop, since the Befunge codespace wraps around.) <lang Befunge>:0g,:66+`#@_1+</lang>

Binary Lambda Calculus

As explained at https://tromp.github.io/cl/Binary_lambda_calculus.html#A_quine <lang blc>000101100100011010000000000001011011110010111100111111011111011010000101100100011010000000000001011011110010111100111111011111011010</lang>

Bob

<lang bob>c=","; n="\n"; q="\""; s="\\"; v=\[ "c=\",\"; n=\"\\n\"; q=\"\\\"\"; s=\"\\\\\";", "v=\\[", "define prtQuote(str) {", " local j,t,v;", " stdout.Display(q);", " for (j=0; j<str.size; j++) {", " t = str.Substring(j,1);", " if (t==q) { stdout.Display(s); }", " if (t==s) { stdout.Display(s); }", " stdout.Display(t);", " }", " stdout.Display(q);", "}", "for(i=0; i<2; i++){ stdout.Display(v[i]); stdout.Display(n); }", "for(i=0; i<v.size-1; i++){ prtQuote(v[i]); stdout.Display(c); stdout.Display(n); }", "prtQuote(v[v.size-1]); stdout.Display(n);", "stdout.Display(v[v.size-1]); stdout.Display(n);", "for(i=2; i<v.size-1; i++){ stdout.Display(v[i]); stdout.Display(n); }", "];" ]; define prtQuote(str) {

local j,t,v;
stdout.Display(q);
for (j=0; j<str.size; j++) {
 t = str.Substring(j,1);
 if (t==q) { stdout.Display(s); }
 if (t==s) { stdout.Display(s); }
 stdout.Display(t);
}
stdout.Display(q);

} for(i=0; i<2; i++){ stdout.Display(v[i]); stdout.Display(n); } for(i=0; i<v.size-1; i++){ prtQuote(v[i]); stdout.Display(c); stdout.Display(n); } prtQuote(v[v.size-1]); stdout.Display(n); stdout.Display(v[v.size-1]); stdout.Display(n); for(i=2; i<v.size-1; i++){ stdout.Display(v[i]); stdout.Display(n); }</lang> Bob is a dynamic object-oriented language with syntax similar to C/C++, Java, and JavaScript. Bob was created by David Betz, a former technical editor for DDJ, and the author of XLisp and XScheme, among other languages.

bootBASIC

Bracmat

<lang bracmat>quine$</lang>

Brainf***

Burlesque

Using the official interpreter:

<lang burlesque>blsq ) "I'm a quine." "I'm a quine."</lang>

Every string, every number, every block is a quine.

C

<lang c>#include <stdio.h>

static char sym[] = "\n\t\\\"";

int main(void) { const char *code = "#include <stdio.h>%c%cstatic char sym[] = %c%cn%ct%c%c%c%c%c;%c%cint main(void) {%c%cconst char *code = %c%s%c;%c%cprintf(code, sym[0], sym[0], sym[3], sym[2], sym[2], sym[2], sym[2], sym[2], sym[3], sym[3], sym[0], sym[0], sym[0], sym[1], sym[3], code, sym[3], sym[0], sym[1], sym[0], sym[0], sym[1], sym[0], sym[0]);%c%c%creturn 0;%c}%c"; printf(code, sym[0], sym[0], sym[3], sym[2], sym[2], sym[2], sym[2], sym[2], sym[3], sym[3], sym[0], sym[0], sym[0], sym[1], sym[3], code, sym[3], sym[0], sym[1], sym[0], sym[0], sym[1], sym[0], sym[0]);

return 0; } </lang>

Shorter version

<lang c>#include <stdio.h> int main(){char*c="#include <stdio.h>%cint main(){char*c=%c%s%c;printf(c,10,34,c,34,10);return 0;}%c";printf(c,10,34,c,34,10);return 0;} </lang>

C#

<lang csharp>class Program { static void Main() { var s = "class Program {{ static void Main() {{ var s = {0}{1}{0}; System.Console.WriteLine(s, (char)34, s); }} }}"; System.Console.WriteLine(s, (char)34, s); } }</lang>

C++

<lang cpp>#include<cstdio> int main(){char n[]=R"(#include<cstdio> int main(){char n[]=R"(%s%c";printf(n,n,41);})";printf(n,n,41);}</lang>

C1R

The C1R compiler usually copies C solutions from tasks at Rosetta Code. The Quine task is an exception; it gets special treatment in the C1R compiler. <lang c>Quine</lang>

Ceylon

<lang ceylon>shared void run() {print(let (x = """shared void run() {print(let (x = $) x.replaceFirst("$", "\"\"\"" + x + "\"\"\""));}""") x.replaceFirst("$", "\"\"\"" + x + "\"\"\""));}</lang>

Clojure

<lang clojure>((fn [x] (list x (list (quote quote) x))) (quote (fn [x] (list x (list (quote quote) x)))))</lang> A shorter but less interesting version: <lang clojure>(#(print (str "(#" % " '" % ")")) '(print (str "(#" % " '" % ")")))</lang>

COBOL

Here is one that works with GnuCOBOL, December 2015, by Simon Sobisch, tweaked by Bill Woodger.

One line, 150 characters. Some warnings regarding relaxed syntax assumptions when compiled with

   cobc -x -free -frelax quine.cob

<lang cobol>linkage section. 78 c value "display 'linkage section. 78 c value ' x'22' c x'222e20' c.". display 'linkage section. 78 c value ' x'22' c x'222e20' c.</lang>

The following two quines were in a gray past (around 2004?) posted to the (currently inaccessible) language forum of the mvsHelp Boards <lang cobol> IDENTIFICATION DIVISION.

      PROGRAM-ID. GRICE.
      ENVIRONMENT DIVISION.
      CONFIGURATION SECTION.
      SPECIAL-NAMES.
          SYMBOLIC CHARACTERS FULL-STOP IS 76.
      INPUT-OUTPUT SECTION.
      FILE-CONTROL.
          SELECT OUTPUT-FILE ASSIGN TO OUTPUT1.
      DATA DIVISION.
      FILE SECTION.
      FD  OUTPUT-FILE
          RECORDING MODE F
          LABEL RECORDS OMITTED.
      01  OUTPUT-RECORD                     PIC X(80).
      WORKING-STORAGE SECTION.
      01  SUB-X                             PIC S9(4) COMP.
      01  SOURCE-FACSIMILE-AREA.
          02  SOURCE-FACSIMILE-DATA.
              03  FILLER                    PIC X(40) VALUE
              "       IDENTIFICATION DIVISION.         ".
              03  FILLER                    PIC X(40) VALUE
              "                                        ".
              03  FILLER                    PIC X(40) VALUE
              "       PROGRAM-ID. GRICE.               ".
              03  FILLER                    PIC X(40) VALUE
              "                                        ".
              03  FILLER                    PIC X(40) VALUE
              "       ENVIRONMENT DIVISION.            ".
              03  FILLER                    PIC X(40) VALUE
              "                                        ".
              03  FILLER                    PIC X(40) VALUE
              "       CONFIGURATION SECTION.           ".
              03  FILLER                    PIC X(40) VALUE
              "                                        ".
              03  FILLER                    PIC X(40) VALUE
              "       SPECIAL-NAMES.                   ".
              03  FILLER                    PIC X(40) VALUE
              "                                        ".
              03  FILLER                    PIC X(40) VALUE
              "           SYMBOLIC CHARACTERS FULL-STOP".
              03  FILLER                    PIC X(40) VALUE
              " IS 76.                                 ".
              03  FILLER                    PIC X(40) VALUE
              "       INPUT-OUTPUT SECTION.            ".
              03  FILLER                    PIC X(40) VALUE
              "                                        ".
              03  FILLER                    PIC X(40) VALUE
              "       FILE-CONTROL.                    ".
              03  FILLER                    PIC X(40) VALUE
              "                                        ".
              03  FILLER                    PIC X(40) VALUE
              "           SELECT OUTPUT-FILE ASSIGN TO ".
              03  FILLER                    PIC X(40) VALUE
              "OUTPUT1.                                ".
              03  FILLER                    PIC X(40) VALUE
              "       DATA DIVISION.                   ".
              03  FILLER                    PIC X(40) VALUE
              "                                        ".
              03  FILLER                    PIC X(40) VALUE
              "       FILE SECTION.                    ".
              03  FILLER                    PIC X(40) VALUE
              "                                        ".
              03  FILLER                    PIC X(40) VALUE
              "       FD  OUTPUT-FILE                  ".
              03  FILLER                    PIC X(40) VALUE
              "                                        ".
              03  FILLER                    PIC X(40) VALUE
              "           RECORDING MODE F             ".
              03  FILLER                    PIC X(40) VALUE
              "                                        ".
              03  FILLER                    PIC X(40) VALUE
              "           LABEL RECORDS OMITTED.       ".
              03  FILLER                    PIC X(40) VALUE
              "                                        ".
              03  FILLER                    PIC X(40) VALUE
              "       01  OUTPUT-RECORD                ".
              03  FILLER                    PIC X(40) VALUE
              "     PIC X(80).                         ".
              03  FILLER                    PIC X(40) VALUE
              "       WORKING-STORAGE SECTION.         ".
              03  FILLER                    PIC X(40) VALUE
              "                                        ".
              03  FILLER                    PIC X(40) VALUE
              "       01  SUB-X                        ".
              03  FILLER                    PIC X(40) VALUE
              "     PIC S9(4) COMP.                    ".
              03  FILLER                    PIC X(40) VALUE
              "       01  SOURCE-FACSIMILE-AREA.       ".
              03  FILLER                    PIC X(40) VALUE
              "                                        ".
              03  FILLER                    PIC X(40) VALUE
              "           02  SOURCE-FACSIMILE-DATA.   ".
              03  FILLER                    PIC X(40) VALUE
              "                                        ".
              03  FILLER                    PIC X(40) VALUE
              "               03  FILLER               ".
              03  FILLER                    PIC X(40) VALUE
              "     PIC X(40) VALUE                    ".
              03  FILLER                    PIC X(40) VALUE
              "           02  SOURCE-FACSIMILE-TABLE RE".
              03  FILLER                    PIC X(40) VALUE
              "DEFINES                                 ".
              03  FILLER                    PIC X(40) VALUE
              "                   SOURCE-FACSIMILE-DATA".
              03  FILLER                    PIC X(40) VALUE
              ".                                       ".
              03  FILLER                    PIC X(40) VALUE
              "               03  SOURCE-FACSIMILE OCCU".
              03  FILLER                    PIC X(40) VALUE
              "RS 68.                                  ".
              03  FILLER                    PIC X(40) VALUE
              "                   04  SOURCE-FACSIMILE-".
              03  FILLER                    PIC X(40) VALUE
              "ONE  PIC X(40).                         ".
              03  FILLER                    PIC X(40) VALUE
              "                   04  SOURCE-FACSIMILE-".
              03  FILLER                    PIC X(40) VALUE
              "TWO  PIC X(40).                         ".
              03  FILLER                    PIC X(40) VALUE
              "       01  FILLER-IMAGE.                ".
              03  FILLER                    PIC X(40) VALUE
              "                                        ".
              03  FILLER                    PIC X(40) VALUE
              "           02  FILLER                   ".
              03  FILLER                    PIC X(40) VALUE
              "     PIC X(15) VALUE SPACES.            ".
              03  FILLER                    PIC X(40) VALUE
              "           02  FILLER                   ".
              03  FILLER                    PIC X(40) VALUE
              "     PIC X     VALUE QUOTE.             ".
              03  FILLER                    PIC X(40) VALUE
              "           02  FILLER-DATA              ".
              03  FILLER                    PIC X(40) VALUE
              "     PIC X(40).                         ".
              03  FILLER                    PIC X(40) VALUE
              "           02  FILLER                   ".
              03  FILLER                    PIC X(40) VALUE
              "     PIC X     VALUE QUOTE.             ".
              03  FILLER                    PIC X(40) VALUE
              "           02  FILLER                   ".
              03  FILLER                    PIC X(40) VALUE
              "     PIC X     VALUE FULL-STOP.         ".
              03  FILLER                    PIC X(40) VALUE
              "           02  FILLER                   ".
              03  FILLER                    PIC X(40) VALUE
              "     PIC X(22) VALUE SPACES.            ".
              03  FILLER                    PIC X(40) VALUE
              "       PROCEDURE DIVISION.              ".
              03  FILLER                    PIC X(40) VALUE
              "                                        ".
              03  FILLER                    PIC X(40) VALUE
              "       MAIN-LINE SECTION.               ".
              03  FILLER                    PIC X(40) VALUE
              "                                        ".
              03  FILLER                    PIC X(40) VALUE
              "       ML-1.                            ".
              03  FILLER                    PIC X(40) VALUE
              "                                        ".
              03  FILLER                    PIC X(40) VALUE
              "           OPEN OUTPUT OUTPUT-FILE.     ".
              03  FILLER                    PIC X(40) VALUE
              "                                        ".
              03  FILLER                    PIC X(40) VALUE
              "           MOVE 1 TO SUB-X.             ".
              03  FILLER                    PIC X(40) VALUE
              "                                        ".
              03  FILLER                    PIC X(40) VALUE
              "       ML-2.                            ".
              03  FILLER                    PIC X(40) VALUE
              "                                        ".
              03  FILLER                    PIC X(40) VALUE
              "           MOVE SOURCE-FACSIMILE (SUB-X)".
              03  FILLER                    PIC X(40) VALUE
              " TO OUTPUT-RECORD.                      ".
              03  FILLER                    PIC X(40) VALUE
              "           WRITE OUTPUT-RECORD.         ".
              03  FILLER                    PIC X(40) VALUE
              "                                        ".
              03  FILLER                    PIC X(40) VALUE
              "           IF  SUB-X < 19               ".
              03  FILLER                    PIC X(40) VALUE
              "                                        ".
              03  FILLER                    PIC X(40) VALUE
              "               ADD 1 TO SUB-X           ".
              03  FILLER                    PIC X(40) VALUE
              "                                        ".
              03  FILLER                    PIC X(40) VALUE
              "               GO TO ML-2.              ".
              03  FILLER                    PIC X(40) VALUE
              "                                        ".
              03  FILLER                    PIC X(40) VALUE
              "           MOVE 1 TO SUB-X.             ".
              03  FILLER                    PIC X(40) VALUE
              "                                        ".
              03  FILLER                    PIC X(40) VALUE
              "       ML-3.                            ".
              03  FILLER                    PIC X(40) VALUE
              "                                        ".
              03  FILLER                    PIC X(40) VALUE
              "           MOVE SOURCE-FACSIMILE (20) TO".
              03  FILLER                    PIC X(40) VALUE
              " OUTPUT-RECORD.                         ".
              03  FILLER                    PIC X(40) VALUE
              "           WRITE OUTPUT-RECORD.         ".
              03  FILLER                    PIC X(40) VALUE
              "                                        ".
              03  FILLER                    PIC X(40) VALUE
              "           MOVE SOURCE-FACSIMILE-ONE (SU".
              03  FILLER                    PIC X(40) VALUE
              "B-X) TO FILLER-DATA.                    ".
              03  FILLER                    PIC X(40) VALUE
              "           MOVE FILLER-IMAGE TO OUTPUT-R".
              03  FILLER                    PIC X(40) VALUE
              "ECORD.                                  ".
              03  FILLER                    PIC X(40) VALUE
              "           WRITE OUTPUT-RECORD.         ".
              03  FILLER                    PIC X(40) VALUE
              "                                        ".
              03  FILLER                    PIC X(40) VALUE
              "           MOVE SOURCE-FACSIMILE (20) TO".
              03  FILLER                    PIC X(40) VALUE
              " OUTPUT-RECORD.                         ".
              03  FILLER                    PIC X(40) VALUE
              "           WRITE OUTPUT-RECORD.         ".
              03  FILLER                    PIC X(40) VALUE
              "                                        ".
              03  FILLER                    PIC X(40) VALUE
              "           MOVE SOURCE-FACSIMILE-TWO (SU".
              03  FILLER                    PIC X(40) VALUE
              "B-X) TO FILLER-DATA.                    ".
              03  FILLER                    PIC X(40) VALUE
              "           MOVE FILLER-IMAGE TO OUTPUT-R".
              03  FILLER                    PIC X(40) VALUE
              "ECORD.                                  ".
              03  FILLER                    PIC X(40) VALUE
              "           WRITE OUTPUT-RECORD.         ".
              03  FILLER                    PIC X(40) VALUE
              "                                        ".
              03  FILLER                    PIC X(40) VALUE
              "           IF  SUB-X < 68               ".
              03  FILLER                    PIC X(40) VALUE
              "                                        ".
              03  FILLER                    PIC X(40) VALUE
              "               ADD 1 TO SUB-X           ".
              03  FILLER                    PIC X(40) VALUE
              "                                        ".
              03  FILLER                    PIC X(40) VALUE
              "               GO TO ML-3.              ".
              03  FILLER                    PIC X(40) VALUE
              "                                        ".
              03  FILLER                    PIC X(40) VALUE
              "           MOVE 21 TO SUB-X.            ".
              03  FILLER                    PIC X(40) VALUE
              "                                        ".
              03  FILLER                    PIC X(40) VALUE
              "       ML-4.                            ".
              03  FILLER                    PIC X(40) VALUE
              "                                        ".
              03  FILLER                    PIC X(40) VALUE
              "           MOVE SOURCE-FACSIMILE (SUB-X)".
              03  FILLER                    PIC X(40) VALUE
              " TO OUTPUT-RECORD.                      ".
              03  FILLER                    PIC X(40) VALUE
              "           WRITE OUTPUT-RECORD.         ".
              03  FILLER                    PIC X(40) VALUE
              "                                        ".
              03  FILLER                    PIC X(40) VALUE
              "           IF  SUB-X < 68               ".
              03  FILLER                    PIC X(40) VALUE
              "                                        ".
              03  FILLER                    PIC X(40) VALUE
              "               ADD 1 TO SUB-X           ".
              03  FILLER                    PIC X(40) VALUE
              "                                        ".
              03  FILLER                    PIC X(40) VALUE
              "               GO TO ML-4.              ".
              03  FILLER                    PIC X(40) VALUE
              "                                        ".
              03  FILLER                    PIC X(40) VALUE
              "       ML-99.                           ".
              03  FILLER                    PIC X(40) VALUE
              "                                        ".
              03  FILLER                    PIC X(40) VALUE
              "           CLOSE OUTPUT-FILE.           ".
              03  FILLER                    PIC X(40) VALUE
              "                                        ".
              03  FILLER                    PIC X(40) VALUE
              "           STOP RUN.                    ".
              03  FILLER                    PIC X(40) VALUE
              "                                        ".
          02  SOURCE-FACSIMILE-TABLE REDEFINES
                  SOURCE-FACSIMILE-DATA.
              03  SOURCE-FACSIMILE OCCURS 68.
                  04  SOURCE-FACSIMILE-ONE  PIC X(40).
                  04  SOURCE-FACSIMILE-TWO  PIC X(40).
      01  FILLER-IMAGE.
          02  FILLER                        PIC X(15) VALUE SPACES.
          02  FILLER                        PIC X     VALUE QUOTE.
          02  FILLER-DATA                   PIC X(40).
          02  FILLER                        PIC X     VALUE QUOTE.
          02  FILLER                        PIC X     VALUE FULL-STOP.
          02  FILLER                        PIC X(22) VALUE SPACES.
      PROCEDURE DIVISION.
      MAIN-LINE SECTION.
      ML-1.
          OPEN OUTPUT OUTPUT-FILE.
          MOVE 1 TO SUB-X.
      ML-2.
          MOVE SOURCE-FACSIMILE (SUB-X) TO OUTPUT-RECORD.
          WRITE OUTPUT-RECORD.
          IF  SUB-X < 19
              ADD 1 TO SUB-X
              GO TO ML-2.
          MOVE 1 TO SUB-X.
      ML-3.
          MOVE SOURCE-FACSIMILE (20) TO OUTPUT-RECORD.
          WRITE OUTPUT-RECORD.
          MOVE SOURCE-FACSIMILE-ONE (SUB-X) TO FILLER-DATA.
          MOVE FILLER-IMAGE TO OUTPUT-RECORD.
          WRITE OUTPUT-RECORD.
          MOVE SOURCE-FACSIMILE (20) TO OUTPUT-RECORD.
          WRITE OUTPUT-RECORD.
          MOVE SOURCE-FACSIMILE-TWO (SUB-X) TO FILLER-DATA.
          MOVE FILLER-IMAGE TO OUTPUT-RECORD.
          WRITE OUTPUT-RECORD.
          IF  SUB-X < 68
              ADD 1 TO SUB-X
              GO TO ML-3.
          MOVE 21 TO SUB-X.
      ML-4.
          MOVE SOURCE-FACSIMILE (SUB-X) TO OUTPUT-RECORD.
          WRITE OUTPUT-RECORD.
          IF  SUB-X < 68
              ADD 1 TO SUB-X
              GO TO ML-4.
      ML-99.
          CLOSE OUTPUT-FILE.
          STOP RUN.</lang>

<lang cobol> ID DIVISION.

      PROGRAM-ID. QUINE.
      DATA DIVISION.
      WORKING-STORAGE SECTION.
      1 X PIC S9(4) COMP.
      1 A. 2 B.
      3 PIC X(40) VALUE "       ID DIVISION.                     ".
      3 PIC X(40) VALUE "                                        ".
      3 PIC X(40) VALUE "       PROGRAM-ID. QUINE.               ".
      3 PIC X(40) VALUE "                                        ".
      3 PIC X(40) VALUE "       DATA DIVISION.                   ".
      3 PIC X(40) VALUE "                                        ".
      3 PIC X(40) VALUE "       WORKING-STORAGE SECTION.         ".
      3 PIC X(40) VALUE "                                        ".
      3 PIC X(40) VALUE "       1 X PIC S9(4) COMP.              ".
      3 PIC X(40) VALUE "                                        ".
      3 PIC X(40) VALUE "       1 A. 2 B.                        ".
      3 PIC X(40) VALUE "                                        ".
      3 PIC X(40) VALUE "       2 T REDEFINES B. 3 TE OCCURS 16. ".
      3 PIC X(40) VALUE "4 T1 PIC X(40). 4 T2 PIC X(40).         ".
      3 PIC X(40) VALUE "       1 F. 2 PIC X(25)           VALUE ".
      3 PIC X(40) VALUE "'       3 PIC X(40) VALUE '.            ".
      3 PIC X(40) VALUE "       2 PIC X VALUE QUOTE. 2 FF PIC X(4".
      3 PIC X(40) VALUE "0). 2 PIC X VALUE QUOTE.                ".
      3 PIC X(40) VALUE "       2 PIC X VALUE '.'.               ".
      3 PIC X(40) VALUE "                                        ".
      3 PIC X(40) VALUE "       PROCEDURE DIVISION.              ".
      3 PIC X(40) VALUE "                                        ".
      3 PIC X(40) VALUE "           PERFORM VARYING X FROM 1 BY 1".
      3 PIC X(40) VALUE " UNTIL X > 6 DISPLAY TE (X)             ".
      3 PIC X(40) VALUE "           END-PERFORM PERFORM VARYING X".
      3 PIC X(40) VALUE " FROM 1 BY 1 UNTIL X > 16               ".
      3 PIC X(40) VALUE "           MOVE T1 (X) TO FF DISPLAY F M".
      3 PIC X(40) VALUE "OVE T2 (X) TO FF DISPLAY F              ".
      3 PIC X(40) VALUE "           END-PERFORM PERFORM VARYING X".
      3 PIC X(40) VALUE " FROM 7 BY 1 UNTIL X > 16               ".
      3 PIC X(40) VALUE "           DISPLAY TE (X) END-PERFORM ST".
      3 PIC X(40) VALUE "OP RUN.                                 ".
      2 T REDEFINES B. 3 TE OCCURS 16. 4 T1 PIC X(40). 4 T2 PIC X(40).
      1 F. 2 PIC X(25)           VALUE '       3 PIC X(40) VALUE '.
      2 PIC X VALUE QUOTE. 2 FF PIC X(40). 2 PIC X VALUE QUOTE.
      2 PIC X VALUE '.'.
      PROCEDURE DIVISION.
          PERFORM VARYING X FROM 1 BY 1 UNTIL X > 6 DISPLAY TE (X)
          END-PERFORM PERFORM VARYING X FROM 1 BY 1 UNTIL X > 16
          MOVE T1 (X) TO FF DISPLAY F MOVE T2 (X) TO FF DISPLAY F
          END-PERFORM PERFORM VARYING X FROM 7 BY 1 UNTIL X > 16
          DISPLAY TE (X) END-PERFORM STOP RUN.</lang>

An even smaller one could be found of the site of Tom Dawes-Gamble, but is reproduced below, as the original seems to have vanished: <lang cobol>

       Author. Tom Dawes-Gamble. (c) 2000
      01 src-lines pic x(768) value
      "        Author. Tom Dawes-Gamble. (c) 2000
     -"01 src-lines pic x(768) value
     -"01 sl redefines src-lines pic x(64) occurs 12 indexed by i.
     -"  Perform varying i from 1 by 1 until i > 2
     -"    Display '       ' sl(i).
     -"  Display '       ' quote sl(1).
     -"  Perform varying i from 2 by 1 until i > 11
     -"    Display '      ' '-' quote sl(i).
     -"  Display '      ' '-' quote '  Stop run.' quote '.'.
     -"  Perform varying i from 3 by 1 until i > 12
     -"    Display '       ' sl(i).
     -"  Stop run.".
      01 sl redefines src-lines pic x(64) occurs 12 indexed by i.
        Perform varying i from 1 by 1 until i > 2
          Display '       ' sl(i).
        Display '       ' quote sl(1).
        Perform varying i from 2 by 1 until i > 11
          Display '      ' '-' quote sl(i).
        Display '      ' '-' quote '  Stop run.' quote '.'.
        Perform varying i from 3 by 1 until i > 12
          Display '       ' sl(i).
        Stop run.

</lang>

CoffeeScript

<lang coffeescript>s="s=#&# ;alert s.replace(/&/,s).replace /#(?=[^&;'(]|';;$)/g, '#';;" ;alert s.replace(/&/,s).replace /#(?=[^&;'(]|';;$)/g, '"';;</lang>

Commodore BASIC

A rather long and unwieldy (although nicely formatted) BASIC quine that doesn't use the 10 LIST cheat. Works on the PET, VIC-20, C-64, C-128, C-16 and Plus/4, CBM-II, and CBM-5x0 series, and probably several non-Commodore BASICs as well, especially those based on Microsoft BASIC.

<lang basic>10 DATA 49,54,48,32,78,61,51,51,48,13,49,55,48,32,68,73,77,32,65,40,78,41,13 20 DATA 49,56,48,32,70,79,82,32,73,61,48,32,84,79,32,78,13,49,57,48,32,58,32 30 DATA 82,69,65,68,32,65,40,73,41,13,50,48,48,32,78,69,88,84,32,73,13,50,49 40 DATA 48,32,70,79,82,32,73,61,48,32,84,79,32,49,52,32,13,50,50,48,32,58,32 50 DATA 80,82,73,78,84,32,77,73,68,36,40,83,84,82,36,40,40,73,43,49,41,42,49 60 DATA 48,41,44,50,41,59,34,32,68,65,84,65,32,34,59,77,73,68,36,40,83,84,82 70 DATA 36,40,65,40,73,42,50,51,41,41,44,50,41,59,13,50,51,48,32,58,32,70,79 80 DATA 82,32,74,61,49,32,84,79,32,50,50,13,50,52,48,32,58,32,32,32,75,61,73 90 DATA 42,50,51,43,74,13,50,53,48,32,58,32,32,32,73,70,32,75,32,60,61,32,78 100 DATA 32,84,72,69,78,32,80,82,73,78,84,32,34,44,34,59,77,73,68,36,40,83,84 110 DATA 82,36,40,65,40,75,41,41,44,50,41,59,13,50,54,48,32,58,32,78,69,88,84 120 DATA 32,74,13,50,55,48,32,58,32,80,82,73,78,84,13,50,56,48,32,78,69,88,84 130 DATA 32,73,13,50,57,48,32,70,79,82,32,73,61,48,32,84,79,32,78,13,51,48,48 140 DATA 32,58,32,80,82,73,78,84,32,67,72,82,36,40,65,40,73,41,41,59,13,51,49 150 DATA 48,32,78,69,88,84,32,73,13 160 N=330 170 DIM A(N) 180 FOR I=0 TO N 190 : READ A(I) 200 NEXT I 210 FOR I=0 TO 14 220 : PRINT MID$(STR$((I+1)*10),2);" DATA ";MID$(STR$(A(I*23)),2); 230 : FOR J=1 TO 22 240 : K=I*23+J 250 : IF K <= N THEN PRINT ",";MID$(STR$(A(K)),2); 260 : NEXT J 270 : PRINT 280 NEXT I 290 FOR I=0 TO N 300 : PRINT CHR$(A(I)); 310 NEXT I</lang>

Common Lisp

There are many simple ways to write a quine in Common Lisp, since source can be quoted and manipulated; this one defines an anonymous function, which is applied to its own source, which writes out that application of itself to its source. Note that Common Lisp by default does not distinguish cases. <lang lisp>((lambda (s) (print (list s (list 'quote s))))

'(lambda (s) (print (list s (list 'quote s)))))</lang>

This one does the same thing using quasiquote (template) syntax; in some implementations it may not print nicely (but will still work): <lang lisp>((lambda (s) (print `(,s ',s))) '(lambda (s) (print `(,s ',s))))</lang>

or another version: <lang lisp>((lambda (x) `(,x ',x)) '(lambda (x) `(,x ',x)))</lang>

This program's source contains an explicit reference to itself, which it prints in a manner preserving that reference: <lang lisp>#1=(write '#1# :circle t)</lang>

or another version (the former version cause looping in SBCL 1.0.56): <lang lisp>#1=(progn (setq *print-circle* t) (write '#1#))</lang>

This is an example using format and explicit referencing: <lang lisp>(format t #1='"(format t #1='~s #1#)" #1#)</lang>

An example using REPL variables: <lang lisp>(write -)</lang>

Cowgol

<lang cowgol>include "cowgol.coh"; var i: uint8 := 0; var c: uint8[] := { 118,97,114,32,100,32,58,61,32,38,99,32,97,115,32,91,117,105,110,116, 56,93,59,10,112,114,105,110,116,40,34,105,110,99,108,117,100,101,32,92, 34,99,111,119,103,111,108,46,99,111,104,92,34,59,92,110,34,41,59,10, 112,114,105,110,116,40,34,118,97,114,32,105,58,32,117,105,110,116,56,32, 58,61,32,48,59,92,110,34,41,59,10,112,114,105,110,116,40,34,118,97, 114,32,99,58,32,117,105,110,116,56,91,93,32,58,61,32,123,92,110,34, 41,59,10,108,111,111,112,32,10,32,32,32,32,112,114,105,110,116,95,105, 56,40,91,100,93,41,59,10,32,32,32,32,105,102,32,91,100,93,61,61, 48,32,116,104,101,110,32,98,114,101,97,107,59,32,101,110,100,32,105,102, 59,10,32,32,32,32,100,32,58,61,32,64,110,101,120,116,32,100,59,10, 32,32,32,32,112,114,105,110,116,95,99,104,97,114,40,39,44,39,41,59, 10,32,32,32,32,105,32,58,61,32,105,32,43,32,49,59,10,32,32,32, 32,105,102,32,105,61,61,50,48,32,116,104,101,110,32,10,32,32,32,32, 32,32,32,32,112,114,105,110,116,95,110,108,40,41,59,32,10,32,32,32, 32,32,32,32,32,105,32,58,61,32,48,59,10,32,32,32,32,101,110,100, 32,105,102,59,10,101,110,100,32,108,111,111,112,59,10,112,114,105,110,116, 40,34,92,110,125,59,92,110,34,41,59,10,112,114,105,110,116,40,38,99, 32,97,115,32,91,117,105,110,116,56,93,41,59,0 }; var d := &c as [uint8]; print("include \"cowgol.coh\";\n"); print("var i: uint8 := 0;\n"); print("var c: uint8[] := {\n"); loop

   print_i8([d]);
   if [d]==0 then break; end if;
   d := @next d;
   print_char(',');
   i := i + 1;
   if i==20 then 
       print_nl(); 
       i := 0;
   end if;

end loop; print("\n};\n"); print(&c as [uint8]);</lang>

Crystal

<lang crystal>".tap{|s|print s.inspect,s}".tap{|s|print s.inspect,s}</lang>

tap is an Object method which passes its invocant to the provided block.

D

This Quine outputs its own source both during compiling and running. <lang d>const auto s=`const auto q="const auto s=\x60"~s~"\x60; mixin(s);";import std.stdio;void main(){writefln(q);pragma(msg,q);}`; mixin(s); </lang> NB: last line should be CRLF to match pragma's newline output behaviour.

Dao

Dao's BNF-like meta-programming macro supports quoting expressions as strings, which allow writing a quine as the following: <lang dao>syntax{Q $EXP}as{io.writef('syntax{Q $EXP}as{%s}Q %s',\'$EXP\',\'$EXP\')}Q io.writef('syntax{Q $EXP}as{%s}Q %s',\'$EXP\',\'$EXP\')</lang>

Dart

<lang dart>main()=>(s){print('$s(r\x22$s\x22);');}(r"main()=>(s){print('$s(r\x22$s\x22);');}");</lang>

dc

Déjà Vu

<lang dejavu>"!print !. dup" !print !. dup</lang>

E

<lang e>" =~ x; println(E.toQuote(x),x)" =~ x; println(E.toQuote(x),x)</lang>

Elixir

io.fwrite(a,[a])</lang>

Erlang

<lang Erlang>-module(quine). -export([do/0]).

do() -> Txt=txt(), io:format("~s~ntxt() ->~n~w.~n",[Txt,Txt]), halt(). txt() -> [45,109,111,100,117,108,101,40,113,117,105,110,101,41,46,10,45,101,120,112,111,114,116,40,91,100,111,47,48,93,41,46,10,10,100,111,40,41,32,45,62,32,84,120,116,61,116,120,116,40,41,44,32,105,111,58,102,111,114,109,97,116,40,34,126,115,126,110,116,120,116,40,41,32,45,62,126,110,126,119,46,126,110,34,44,91,84,120,116,44,84,120,116,93,41,44,32,104,97,108,116,40,41,46].</lang>

ERRE

<lang ERRE>PROGRAM QUINE BEGIN READ(D$,Y$) LOOP

   READ(X$)
   EXIT IF LEN(X$)<1
   PRINT(X$)

END LOOP RESTORE LOOP

   READ(X$)
   EXIT IF LEN(X$)<1
   PRINT(D$;CHR$(34);X$;CHR$(34);CHR$(41))

END LOOP PRINT(D$;CHR$(34);CHR$(34);CHR$(41)) PRINT(Y$) DATA("DATA(") DATA("END PROGRAM") DATA("PROGRAM QUINE") DATA("BEGIN") DATA("READ(D$,Y$)") DATA("LOOP") DATA(" READ(X$)") DATA(" EXIT IF LEN(X$)<1") DATA(" PRINT(X$)") DATA("END LOOP") DATA("RESTORE") DATA("LOOP") DATA(" READ(X$)") DATA(" EXIT IF LEN(X$)<1") DATA(" PRINT(D$;CHR$(34);X$;CHR$(34);CHR$(41))") DATA("END LOOP") DATA("PRINT(D$;CHR$(34);CHR$(34);CHR$(41))") DATA("PRINT(Y$)") DATA("") END PROGRAM</lang>

Euphoria

Translation of: C

<lang euphoria>constant p="constant p=%s%s%s printf(1,p,{34,p,34})" printf(1,p,{34,p,34})</lang>

F#

Using .NET string formatting <lang fsharp>let s = "let s = {0}{1}{0} in System.Console.WriteLine(s, char 34, s);;" in System.Console.WriteLine(s, char 34, s);;</lang> Using Printf library <lang fsharp>(fun s c -> printf s c s.Value c) "(fun s c -> printf s c s.Value c) %c%s%c <| char 34;;" <| char 34;;</lang>

Factor

With printf: <lang factor>"%s [ 34 1string dup surround ] keep printf" [ 34 1string dup surround ] keep printf</lang> With prettyprinter: <lang factor>"[ pprint ] [ write ] bi"[ pprint ] [ write ] bi</lang>

Fish

All the zeros and +'s on the first line are just for aesthetic purposes. Only two zeros are needed, although the v at the end must line up. <lang fish> 00000000000000000000++++++++++++++++++ v 2[$:{:@]$g:0=?v >o:4a*=?!v~1+:3=?;0ao>

             >~" "^        >1+         ^</lang>

Forth

A large number of quine methods are listed here, the simplest of which is: <lang forth>SOURCE TYPE</lang>

Fortran

F90+

Fortran allows the start of a text literal to be marked by either an apostrophe or a double quote and the end by the corresponding character. Doubling is used to signify that the delimiter appears within a literal. <lang fortran>character*46::s='("character*46::s=",3a,";print s,39,s,39;end")';print s,39,s,39;end</lang>

Output:

character*46::s='("character*46::s=",3a,";print s,39,s,39;end")';print s,39,s,39;end

In ASCII, character 39 is an apostrophe. When run, the last "print" is preceded by three spaces after the semicolon that do not appear in the source. This wouldn't worry a Fortran compiler, because spaces are ignored outside text literals. More troublesome is that the first letter of the output appears in column one, and, being the letter "c", that marks a comment. This is why the text lighlighting has rendered the source text in italic. Later Fortran compilers may disregard this comment formalism in favour of the now standard in-line comment starter of an exclamation mark, and for them, the source would not be a comment.

Older Fortran

This reverts to fixed-format source form, relying on the format code / to signify a new line so that ASCII control characters need not be represented. Code Tn means "tab" to column n - no ASCII tab characters are involved. And difficulty with quoted strings is avoided by using the Hollerith form, nH, signifying that n characters follow the H as a text literal. <lang Fortran> WRITE(6,100)

     STOP                                            
 100 FORMAT(6X,12HWRITE(6,100)/6X,4HSTOP/            
    .42H  100 FORMAT(6X,12HWRITE(6,100)/6X,4HSTOP/          ,2(/5X,67H.
    .42H  100 FORMAT(6X,12HWRITE(6,100)/6X,4HSTOP/          ,2(/5X,67H.
    .)/T48,2H)/T1,5X2(21H.)/T48,2H)/T1,5X2(21H)/
    .T62,10H)/6X3HEND)T1,5X2(28H.T62,10H)/6X3HEND)T1,5X2(28H)/6X3HEND)
     END</lang>

And indeed, exactly that opaque gibberish is written, with leading spaces to column seven and full stops in column six to mark a continuation. This was checked by UltraCompare, not just by eye!

Nostalgia note

I remember when this challenge came up, way back in 1966 --- FORTRAN was the game in town, and there existed a feature (well, really, a bug) that allowed an IBM FORTRAN program under IBM's OS/PCP/MFT/MVT [no HASP] to REWIND the default input stream (which were punched cards, and REWIND of course, was only intended for reel-to-reel tapes), which essentially then allowed the program to read it's own source, and then it was a simple matter to PRINT it.

The current CONTROL DATA FORTRAN had a feature that allowed the FORTRAN programmer to WRITE and then re-read I/O (the feature could've been called the REREAD statement, the WRITE may have been to device 0). If one didn't WRITE, just REREAD, the file stream then pointed to the source just read, thus allowing access to the FORTRAN program's source.

This challenge was extended to other languages, the concept was to print the actual source of the program, not use a recursive (or some derivative) method. There were some very clever (and obtuse and/or obscure) methods presented. A lot of operating systems, being in their infancy, had loopholes that allowed programmers to access files in their own job stream.

Another challenge at that time was to write a multi-language program (with NO changes) that would compile (or assemble) in various languages (without errors, of course) and produce the identical output. There were some very creative uses of "comments". --- Gerard Schildberger.

Free Pascal

<lang freepascal>const s=';begin writeln(#99#111#110#115#116#32#115#61#39,s,#39,s);readln;end.';begin writeln(#99#111#110#115#116#32#115#61#39,s,#39,s);readln;end.</lang>

FreeBASIC

Código 1:

<lang freebasic>#Define P(X) Print X: Print "P(" & #X & ")" P("#Define P(X) Print X: Print ""P("" & #X & "")""")</lang>

Código 2:

<lang freebasic>Dim As String s = "Dim As String s = : Print Left(s, 18) + Chr(34) + s + Chr(34) + Mid(s, 18)" : Print Left(s, 18) + Chr(34) + s + Chr(34) + Mid(s, 18)</lang>

Frink

This is not a particularly clever nor concise quine, but it is indeed a quine. <lang frink>d="633d636861725b33345d3b653d643b7072696e745b22643d2463246424635c6e222b28653d7e25732f285b612d7a302d395d7b327d292f636861725b7061727365496e745b24312c31365d5d2f6567295d" c=char[34];e=d;print["d=$c$d$c\n"+(e=~%s/([a-z0-9]{2})/char[parseInt[$1,16]]/eg)]</lang> A more concise quine is: <lang frink>1</lang>

Fōrmulæ

Fōrmulæ programs are not textual, visualization/edition of programs is done showing/manipulating structures but not text. Moreover, there can be multiple visual representations of the same program. Even though it is possible to have textual representation —i.e. XML, JSON— they are intended for storage and transfer purposes more than visualization and edition.

Programs in Fōrmulæ are created/edited online in its website, However they run on execution servers. By default remote servers are used, but they are limited in memory and processing power, since they are intended for demonstration and casual use. A local server can be downloaded and installed, it has no limitations (it runs in your own computer). Because of that, example programs can be fully visualized and edited, but some of them will not run if they require a moderate or heavy computation/memory resources, and no local server is being used.

In this page you can see the program(s) related to this task and their results.

Furor

A very short solution, using some special features of Furor: <lang Furor>"#s sto selfstring QUOTE @selfstring dup print QUOTE NL printnl end { „selfstring” }"

s sto selfstring QUOTE @selfstring dup print QUOTE NL printnl end { „selfstring” }</lang>

And behold, here is a more complex but "traditional" solution of this famous task, solved by 3 loops: <lang Furor>#g §vége §eleje - tokensize / sto maxlines

s

7 {| {} §eleje[] printnl |}

 @maxlines {|  {} §eleje[] QUOTE print QUOTE NL |}

7 @maxlines {|| {} §eleje[] printnl |} end eleje: "#g §vége §eleje - tokensize / sto maxlines" "#s" "7 {| {} §eleje[] printnl |}" " @maxlines {| {} §eleje[] QUOTE print QUOTE NL |}" "7 @maxlines {|| {} §eleje[] printnl |}" "end" "eleje:" "vége:" "{ „selfstring” }" "{ „maxlines” }" vége: { „selfstring” } { „maxlines” }</lang>

Gabuzomeu

<lang gabuzomeu> 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:_ HEADBU,a HEADZO,b JUMPc :a LIFTBUJUMP_ :b LIFTZOJUMP_ :c CALCMEU,#BUGAGAMEUDUMPMEUCALCMEU,#BUGAGABUDUMPMEUCALCMEU,#BUGAMEUGADUMPMEUCALCMEU,#BUGAGAMEUDUMPMEUCALCMEU,#BUGABUMEUDUMPMEUCALCMEU,#BUGAGABUDUMPMEUCALCMEU,#ZOMEUGADUMPMEUBASE#BUGADUMPGABASE#BUGAGAGAGATAILBU,d TAILZO,e JUMPf :d CALCMEU,#BUGAGAZODUMPMEUCALCMEU,#BUGAZOBUDUMPMEUCALCMEU,#BUBUGAZODUMPMEUCALCMEU,#BUGABUGADUMPMEUCALCMEU,#BUGAGAZODUMPMEUCALCMEU,#BUBUBUBUDUMPMEUCALCMEU,#BUGAMEUGADUMPMEUCALCMEU,#BUGAZOBUDUMPMEUCALCMEU,#BUGABUZODUMPMEUCALCMEU,#BUBUBUGADUMPMEUCALCMEU,#BUGAGAZODUMPMEUCALCMEU,#BUBUBUBUDUMPMEULIFTBUJUMPc :e CALCMEU,#BUGAGAZODUMPMEUCALCMEU,#BUGAZOBUDUMPMEUCALCMEU,#BUBUGAZODUMPMEUCALCMEU,#BUGABUGADUMPMEUCALCMEU,#BUBUZOZODUMPMEUCALCMEU,#BUGAMEUMEUDUMPMEUCALCMEU,#BUGAMEUGADUMPMEUCALCMEU,#BUGAZOBUDUMPMEUCALCMEU,#BUGABUZODUMPMEUCALCMEU,#BUBUBUGADUMPMEUCALCMEU,#BUBUZOZODUMPMEUCALCMEU,#BUGAMEUMEUDUMPMEULIFTZOJUMPc :f HEADBU,g HEADZO,h JUMPi :g LIFTBUJUMPf :h LIFTZOJUMPf :i DUMPGATAILBU,j TAILZO,k JUMPl :j LIFTBUJUMPi :k LIFTZOJUMPi :l </lang>

Gambas

You can run this from shell with "gbs3" of the Gambas3 project (BASIC dialect). <lang gambas>dim s as string="dim s as string=&1&2&3&4print subst(s,chr(34),s,chr(34),chr(10))" print subst(s,chr(34),s,chr(34),chr(10)) </lang>

Output:

> gbs3 quine_1.gambas                              
dim s as string="dim s as string=&1&2&3&4print subst(s,chr(34),s,chr(34),chr(10))"
print subst(s,chr(34),s,chr(34),chr(10))

GAP

<lang gap>f:=function ( )

   Print( "f:=", f, ";;\nf();\n" );
   return;

end;; f(); </lang>

Gema

<lang gema>*=$1@quote{$1}\}\n@abort;@{\*\=\$1\@quote\{\$1\}\\\}\\n\@abort\;\@\{}</lang>

Go

<lang go>package main

import "fmt"

func main() { a := "package main\n\nimport \"fmt\"\n\nfunc main() {\n\ta := %q\n\tfmt.Printf(a, a)\n}\n" fmt.Printf(a, a) }</lang>

Groovy

There are several ways to do this. Here are five: <lang groovy>s="s=%s;printf s,s.inspect()";printf s,s.inspect()</lang> <lang groovy>evaluate s='char q=39;print"evaluate s=$q$s$q"'</lang> <lang groovy>s="s=%c%s%c;printf s,34,s,34";printf s,34,s,34</lang> <lang groovy>s='s=%c%s%1$c;printf s,39,s';printf s,39,s</lang> <lang groovy>printf _='printf _=%c%s%1$c,39,_',39,_</lang> Also Groovy has a trivial solution of an empty (0 length) file even though that isn't an allowable solution here.

GW-BASIC

Haskell

(Haskell does not provide access to a source-code equivalent representation of the code at runtime.)

In Haskell, function arguments are not surrounded by parentheses, which permits a simple quine where there is only the unquoted code followed by the quoted code. <lang haskell>let q s = putStrLn (s ++ show s) in q "let q s = putStrLn (s ++ show s) in q "</lang>

It is also possible to eliminate one or both of the variables (point-free style): the let can be replaced with a lambda. (. is function composition.) <lang haskell>(\s -> putStrLn (s ++ show s)) "(\\s -> putStrLn (s ++ show s)) "</lang> <lang haskell>(putStrLn . \s -> s ++ show s) "(putStrLn . \\s -> s ++ show s) "</lang>

and s can be replaced by ap, which when applied to functions has the effect of the S combinator: <lang haskell>import Control.Monad.Reader (putStrLn . ap (++) show) "(putStrLn . ap (++) show) "</lang>

Since Haskell is a purely functional language, it is better at evaluating to things than printing them out. The following expression evaluates to a string of itself: <lang haksell>ap(++)show"ap(++)show"</lang>

Finally, here is a standalone program (the preceding examples only work in the REPL): <lang haskell>main = putStrLn $ (++) <*> show $ "main = putStrLn $ (++) <*> show $ "</lang>

Hoon

Unfortunately, this is quite a long quine due to the pretty-printing that is employeed. A majority of the code is fixing up the printed result of the array so it can be ran directly. <lang Hoon>!: :- %say |= [^ [~ ~]] =+ ^= s ((list ,@tas) ~['!: :- %say |= [^ [~ ~]] =+ ^= s ((list ,@tas) ~[' 'x' ']) :- %noun (,tape (turn s |=(a=@tas ?:(=(a %x) (crip `(list ,@tas)`(turn s |=(b=@tas =+([s=?:(=(b %x) " " "") m=(trip ~~~27.)] (crip :(welp s m (trip b) m s)))))) a))))']) :- %noun (,tape (turn s |=(a=@tas ?:(=(a %x) (crip `(list ,@tas)`(turn s |=(b=@tas =+([s=?:(=(b %x) " " "") m=(trip ~~~27.)] (crip :(welp s m (trip b) m s)))))) a))))</lang>

Two much shorter quines were created and tweeted from the @urbit_ twitter account, which might be more interesting: <lang Hoon>=-(`@t`(rap 3 - (scot %uw -) ")") 0wwai8F.8y0Fb.i1Tti.kwt6Z.zsOww.bi0P8.71xsy.xwt41.wa2QZ)</lang>1 <lang Hoon>=<(`_""`~[. `@`39 . `@`10.535] '=<(`_""`~[. `@`39 . `@`10.535] ')</lang>2

HQ9+

Any program with a single “Q” is a quine. The simplest possible such program is just this: <lang hq9plus>Q</lang>

HTML + CSS

Works with: Opera version 10.0

Works with: Firefox version 3.5

This solution uses CSS to print out the source itself, e.g. the "direct accessing" method. Doesn't work in Internet Explorer; try it in one of Opera, Firefox, Safari, Chromium etc. <lang css><!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <title>HTML/CSS Quine</title> <style type="text/css"> * { font: 10pt monospace; }

head, style { display: block; } style { white-space: pre; }

style:before { content: "\3C""!DOCTYPE html\3E" "\A\3Chtml\3E\A" "\3Chead\3E\A" "\9\3Ctitle\3E""HTML/CSS Quine""\3C/title\3E\A" "\9\3Cstyle type=\22text/css\22\3E"; } style:after { content: "\3C/style\3E\A" "\3C/head\3E\A" "\3C""body\3E\3C/body\3E\A" "\3C/html\3E"; } </style> </head> <body></body> </html></lang>

Huginn

<lang huginn>#! /bin/sh exec huginn --no-argv -E "${0}"

! huginn

main() { c = "#! /bin/sh{1}~" "exec huginn --no-argv -E {3}$Template:0{3}{1}#! huginn{1}{1}~" "main() {{{1}{2}c = {3}{0}{3};{1}{2}print({1}~" "{2}{2}copy( c ).replace( {3}{5}{3}, {3}{3} )~" ".format({1}{2}{2}{2}c.replace( {3}{5}{3}, ~" "{3}{5}{4}{3}{4}n{4}t{4}t{4}{3}{3} ), ~" "{3}{4}n{3}, {3}{4}t{3}, {3}{4}{3}{3}, {3}{4}{4}{3}, ~" "{3}{5}{3}{1}{2}{2}){1}{2});{1}}}{1}{1}"; print( copy( c ).replace( "~", "" ).format( c.replace( "~", "~\"\n\t\t\"" ), "\n", "\t", "\"", "\\", "~" ) ); }</lang>

Icon and Unicon

<lang icon>procedure main();x:="write(\"procedure main();x:=\",image(x));write(x);end" write("procedure main();x:=",image(x));write(x);end</lang>

Inform 7

<lang inform7>R is a room. To quit: (- quit; -). When play begins: say entry 1 in Q; say Q in brace notation; quit. Q is a list of text variable. Q is {"R is a room. To quit: (- quit; -). When play begins: say entry 1 in Q; say Q in brace notation; quit. Q is a list of text variable. Q is "}</lang>

INTERCAL

Several versions of an Intercal quine can be found at Brian Raiter's quine.i dissected, together with a detailed explanation of the way the final 3,629 byte version works.

Io

<lang io>thisMessage print</lang>

J

Technically, the empty program in J is a quine, as it has an empty result. For example:

Also, many many numbers in J are quines. For example (result not shown, here, for clarity): <lang J>0 </lang>

Note: this implementation assumes that J is being used interactively. If J is being used in a command line script, having the script read and output itself would be a better approach. And it's not clear whether quines are a relevant concept in a none textual context (such as a windowing environment).

And other solutions are also possible.

Java

Copied from The Quine Page

Author: Bertram Felgenhauer

<lang java>class S{public static void main(String[]a){String s="class S{public static void main(String[]a){String s=;char c=34;System.out.println(s.substring(0,52)+c+s+c+s.substring(52));}}";char c=34;System.out.println(s.substring(0,52)+c+s+c+s.substring(52));}}</lang>

Works with: Java version 1.5+

<lang java>class S{public static void main(String[]a){String p="class S{public static void main(String[]a){String p=%c%s%1$c;System.out.printf(p,34,p);}}";System.out.printf(p,34,p);}}</lang>

JavaScript

Works with: SpiderMonkey

1.7.0

<lang javascript>(function(){print("("+arguments.callee.toString().replace(/\s/g,)+")()");})()</lang>

Using eval

Works with: SpiderMonkey

1.7.0

This version doesn't use arguments.callee.toString() to return the string representation of itself. Instead, it relies on eval(). <lang javascript>var code='var q=String.fromCharCode(39);print("var code="+q+code+q+";eval(code)")';eval(code)</lang>

Replacing String

<lang JavaScript>(function(){str=["(function(){str=[F].join(String.fromCharCode(34));str=str.replace(/F/,String.fromCharCode(34)+str+String.fromCharCode(34));console.log(str)})()"].join(String.fromCharCode(34));str=str.replace(/F/,String.fromCharCode(34)+str+String.fromCharCode(34));console.log(str)})()</lang>

Code As Data

ES6 expression that evaluates to the expression (eval(expression) === expression)

<lang javascript>(($)=>$+JSON.stringify($)+")")("(($)=>$+JSON.stringify($)+\")\")(")</lang>

ES5 version of above <lang javascript>(function($){return $+JSON.stringify($)+")"})("(function($){return $+JSON.stringify($)+\")\"})(")</lang>

prints itself via console.log (note console.log is not in the ECMAScript Standard) <lang javascript>q=`%3Bconsole.log(%60q%3D%5C%60%24%7Bq%7D%5C%60%60%2BdecodeURIComponent(q))`;console.log(`q=\`${q}\``+decodeURIComponent(q))</lang>

Another Method

<lang javascript>var a=function () {var b="var a="+a.toString()+"\;a()";alert(b)};a()</lang>

A simple module which simply evaluates to itself

<lang javascript>(function f() {

   return '(' + f.toString() + ')();';

})();</lang>

Output:

<lang javascript>(function f() {

   return '(' + f.toString() + ')();';

})();</lang>

Or logs itself to the console

<lang javascript>(function f() {

   console.log('(' + f.toString() + ')();');

})();</lang>

Output:

(function f() {

    console.log('(' + f.toString() + ')();');

})();

ES6 syntax

with 2 statements:

ASCII Art

<lang javascript> q=u=>(`in equinequ inequinequinequinequinequi nequinequinequinequinequinequi

  nequinequineq   uinequin     equinequinequinequinequineq       uinequinequinequinequinequineq
uinequinequinequi nequineq     uinequinequinequinequinequin      equinequinequinequinequinequin

equinequinequinequinequineq uinequinequinequinequine`,e=' q='+q+';q()',`uinequinequinequ inequine quinequi nequine quinequ inequi nequinequine quinequi nequine quineq uinequi nequine quinequ inequin equine quinequinequi nequineq uinequi nequine quinequ inequin equineq uinequ inequinequineq uinequin equinequinequineq uinequi nequine quinequ inequin equine quinequi nequin equinequ inequinequinequin equineq uinequi nequine quinequ inequi nequineq uinequinequine quinequinequinequ inequin equineq uinequi nequine quineq uinequin equinequinequ inequinequinequin equineq uinequineq uinequi nequine quineq uinequin equinequineq uinequi nequineq uinequineq uinequin equinequ inequi nequineq uinequinequ inequin equine quinequinequinequin equinequinequinequi nequinequinequineq uinequinequinequinequinequinequi

nequinequinequine   quinequinequinequ  inequinequinequine       quinequinequinequinequinequineq
  uinequinequine      quinequinequi    nequinequinequineq        uinequinequinequinequinequineq
    uinequinequine      quinequin      equinequinequinequ         inequinequinequinequinequineq
            uineq`,
             e);q()</lang>

Joy

<lang Joy>"dup put putchars 10 putch." dup put putchars 10 putch.</lang>

Jsish

Based on Javascript eval solution. <lang javascript>var code='var q=String.fromCharCode(39);puts("var code="+q+code+q+";eval(code)")';eval(code)</lang>

Output:

Double test, run quine.jsi output through the jsish argument evaluator:

prompt$ jsish -e "$(jsish quine.jsi)"
var code='var q=String.fromCharCode(39);puts("var code="+q+code+q+";eval(code)")';eval(code)

Julia

<lang Julia>x="println(\"x=\$(repr(x))\\n\$x\")" println("x=$(repr(x))\n$x")</lang>

In Julia, $x in a string literal interpolates the value of the variable into the string. $(expression) evaluates the expression and interpolates the result into the string. Normally, the string value "hi\tworld" would be inserted without quotation marks and with a literal tab. The repr function returns a string value that contains quotation marks and in which the literal tab is replaced by the characters \t. When the result of the repr function is interpolated, the result is what you would type into your code to create that string literal.

Kotlin

The following is based on the classic C quine but makes use of Kotlin's 'raw' (i.e. triple quoted) string literals. <lang scala>// version 1.1.2

const val F = """// version 1.1.2

const val F = %c%c%c%s%c%c%c

fun main(args: Array<String>) {

   System.out.printf(F, 34, 34, 34, F, 34, 34, 34)

} """

fun main(args: Array<String>) {

   System.out.printf(F, 34, 34, 34, F, 34, 34, 34)

}</lang>

Lambdatalk

<lang scheme>{{lambda {:x} :x} '{lambda {:x} :x}} -> {lambda {:x} :x}</lang>

Lasso

In template mode, any text that doesn't include Lasso tags is a trivial quine, because it is passed through unmodified by the interpreter. But here is a more traditional quine:

<lang lasso>var(a=(:10,39,118,97,114,40,97,61,40,58,39,10,36,97,45,62,106,111,105,110,40,39,44,39,41,10,39,41,41,39,10,118,97,114,40,98,61,98,121,116,101,115,41,10,36,97,45,62,102,111,114,101,97,99,104,32,61,62,32,123,32,36,98,45,62,105,109,112,111,114,116,56,98,105,116,115,40,35,49,41,32,125,10,36,98,45,62,97,115,83,116,114,105,110,103)) 'var(a=(:' $a->join(',') '))' var(b=bytes) $a->foreach => { $b->import8bits(#1) } $b->asString</lang>

LDPL

<lang ldpl>DATA:

 A IS NUMBER VECTOR
 C IS TEXT
 N IS NUMBER
 I IS NUMBER
 J IS NUMBER

PROCEDURE:

 SUB-PROCEDURE SHOWU
   STORE 0 IN I
   WHILE I IS LESS THAN N DO
       DISPLAY "  STORE "
       DISPLAY A:I
       DISPLAY " IN "
       DISPLAY " A:"
       DISPLAY I CRLF
       ADD I AND 1 IN I
   REPEAT
   DISPLAY "  STORE "
   DISPLAY N
   DISPLAY " IN N" CRLF
 END SUB-PROCEDURE

 SUB-PROCEDURE SHOW
   STORE 0 IN J
   WHILE J IS LESS THAN N DO
       IF A:J IS EQUAL TO 42 THEN
         CALL SUB-PROCEDURE SHOWU
       ELSE
         STORE CHARACTER A:J IN C
         DISPLAY C
       END-IF
       ADD J AND 1 IN J
   REPEAT
 END SUB-PROCEDURE

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 CALL SUB-PROCEDURE SHOW</lang>

Liberty BASIC

<lang lb>s$ = "s$ = : Print Left$(s$, 5) + chr$(34) + s$ + chr$(34) + Mid$(s$, 5)" : Print Left$(s$, 5) + chr$(34) + s$ + chr$(34) + Mid$(s$, 5)</lang>

LIL

LIL is a library with lil, an interactive shell. In the interactive shell

# reflect this
reflect this

Source from a file read from lil when the shell is invoked gets a little trickier. The interactive shell wraps code read from files which changes this. So, as a testament to ease of embedding, here's a new non-interactive LIL one liner shell so we can write [reflect this].

<lang c>/*

  One line of LIL, given as argv[1]
  Tectonics: gcc -o lilone lilone.c lil.c -lm
     ./lilone 'print [reflect this]'

/

include <stdio.h>
include "lil.h"

int main(int argc, char** argv) {

   lil_t lil = lil_new();
   lil_value_t result = lil_parse(lil, argv[1], 0, 1);

   const char *show = lil_to_string(result);
   if (show && show[0]) printf("%s\n", show);

   lil_free_value(result);
   lil_free(lil);
   return 0;

}</lang>

Output:

prompt$ gcc -o lilone lilone.c lil.c -lm
prompt$ ./lilone 'print [reflect this]'
print [reflect this]
prompt$

More attractive in the capture, the above is not quite right when it comes to newlines. So, the better answer would be:

prompt$ ./lilone 'write [reflect this]'
write [reflect this]prompt$

As an extra evaluation trial, command substitution from lilone, back into lilone:

prompt$ ./lilone "$(./lilone 'write [reflect this]')"
write [reflect this]prompt$

To avoid illusions of cheating in lilone.

prompt$ ./lilone 'expr 6 * 7'
42

Use print [reflect this] if the input source ends in a newline or just write [reflect this].

Turns out the kernel of this quine can also be used with carefully selected surrounding code:

./lilone 'set something; write [reflect this]; write $something'
set something; write [reflect this]; write $something

as one example

Lisp

Lisp has a mechanism to quote code without the need to use strings: <lang lisp>((lambda (x) (list x (list 'quote x)))

 '(lambda (x) (list x (list 'quote x))))</lang>

Logo

Somewhat brute-force.. <lang logo>make "a [ 116 121 112 101 32 34 124 109 97 107 101 32 34 97 32 91 124 10 102 111 114 101 97 99 104 32 58 97 32 91 32 116 121 112 101 32 119 111 114 100 32 34 124 32 124 32 63 32 93 10 112 114 105 110 116 32 34 124 32 93 124 10 102 111 114 101 97 99 104 32 58 97 32 91 32 116 121 112 101 32 99 104 97 114 32 63 32 93 10 98 121 101 10 ] type "|make "a [| foreach :a [ type word "| | ? ] print "| ]| foreach :a [ type char ? ] bye</lang>

Lua

<lang lua>s=[[io.write('s=[','[',s,']','];',s)]];io.write('s=[','[',s,']','];',s)</lang>

M4

<lang m4>define(`quine',``$1(`$1'))dnl quine(`define(`quine',``$1(`$1'))dnl quine')</lang>

Malbolge

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q.nn+kki!&ge#z!xa|^^y[[vXXsUUpRRmOOjLhgJeHcba`_^]\U>YXWV97SLQPON0F/JIBG

FE>C<%@?8=<;498y6w43210/oom%*k(h~%|e"bb`v{^y[qvoXsUqToQgleNiKKI_dGEaZ_XA \>Z=X:PUN7R44O11L..I++F(DC&A$9"=<;:9z7x54t210/.-n+l)"'&%$ed!b}|{zyxZZuWs VqSingPkMiLJf_d]FaCCAW\?Z<RWP9T6R53OHMF/J,,G))D&&A##>~~|498y6w4-210/po,m

)('&f|#d!aw|u^y[wZXtmrkToQmPNjchaJeGGbDD_AA?UZ=X:PUN7R44O11L..I++F(DC&A

$?>7<;:{zxxw432+0/po,ml)('~%$ed!b}|{zyxZZuWsVqSingPkMiLgI_d]FaCC^@\?=YRW P9T66Q33N00K--H**(>CB%@#>=<5:9zywwv3210).on+lk('&%|#dc~a|{zyxwYYtVVTjoRm OejcLgIeHcE[`YB]??=SX;9UNSL5P2N1L.DIB+F((C%%@""=}}:z87x5v3210).onllk('&% ${dc~a`{zyxwpYXsVqpoQgleNiKgJeG]b[D_AA\>>Y;;V88S55P22M//J,,G)ED'B%@?>=<5 |{yyx543210)p-n+lk('&%$#zc~a|_zyxwvXnsVqSingPkMiLgI_d]FaCCAW\?=YRWP9T6R5 3OHMF/J,,*@E(C%;@9"=};|z816/v3ss0pp-mm*jj'gge{"!b}`{zyxwvoXsVqTonmOejcLg IeHFb[`YB]??=SX;V8NSL5P22M/K.I+AF?(C%A$?!7<5|9yy6vv3ss0pp-m+*k(i&%$#"!~w `{z][wputsrTjSnmfkjibg`Idc\a`_X]\?==<QV98S65JO21L/JIHGFE'C&A#9>7~;{{8xx5 uu2rr/oo,ll)ii&ff#ccaw|{^y\qvYXVVUpiRQlONibKJeHcba`_AW\?Z<RWP9T664JO20LE JC,G)E(&B;@9"=}}:z8y6v.3,s0pp-mm*jj'gg$dd!a}|_z]xqZYtWrqponmOkNiKaf_HcEE CY^A\>TYR;V8T7R4JOH1L.J-+G@E>'B$$?!!<||9yy6vv3ssq).-n+l)(!hg$e"!~}|{]]xZ ZXnsVTpingPkMiLJf_d]FaC_B]?UZS<W99T66Q33N00K--H*FE(C&A@?>=6;:{zxxw43210/ (-nm*kj'&%$#"y~a`{^yxwYotmVqSSnPPkMiLgI_d]FaCC^@\?=YRWP9T66Q33N00K--H**( >CB%@#>=<;:927xwuut10/.-,+$kj'hg$#"!~}|u^]x[vutsrTjoRmOejcLgIIdFFaC_B]?U ZS<W997MR5P2HMF/J,H+F(>C<%@""=}}:zz7ww4t21r/p-,+*)('~gf#d!~`|uzs\wYuXVrk piRmOOjLLJ`eHFb[`YB]??=SX;V8NSL5P2N1/KDIB+F((C%%@""=}}:zzx054u2s0/.-,+*) "i&ge#z!~}|^t]xwputmrqjSnmfkjchgfIdGbaC_^]\[Z=X;P9TS6Q4ONM/EJC,G))D&&$:? "=}5:3z7wwu-2s0p(-&m*jjh~%f#cy~w`{]y\wYotmVqSSnPPkMMhJJeGcbE`CXA\[><<;VO 8SRQ4O21LE.IHG*E(CBA@?>~<}:z270w4t2s0p(-&m*jj'gge{"c~`v{t]xZvYWslqjSnPPk MMhJJeGGbDDBX]\?Z=XQ:UTS6Q4ONMLK-CH+F(>C<%@""~6;|z816/v3ss0pp-m+lj(!&}f# c!b}_uzs\wYYtVVqSSnPPkMihKfIdc\a`_BA\?ZYXWVU77R4P31MFKD-H*F)'C<A:#>~~|49 z7w/4-t1qq.nn+kk(hh%ee"b~}`{^yxwputWVTTSnmlkdiLKfIHcba`Y^A@[>YXWVUT66Q33 N0L/J,BG@)D&&$:?"~<5:3z7ww4tt1qq.nn+kk(hhf|#"c~a|{zyrwZYWWVqponmfONiLKfe dcb[DC^A\[=YRWP9T6R5P2HMF/J,,*@E(C%;@9"=}}{38y6v.3,s0pp-m+lj(!&}f#cc~``{ ]]xZZuWWUkpoRmPkjihg`IHFFE`_^]\[T=<W:9TSRQPOH10K.IHGFE'=B%@"8=6}:z8yw5.3 ,s0ppn&+l)i!&}f#cc~``{]]xZZuWWrTToQQlNNLbgfIdGba`_^]V?>Y<WV8TMRK4O1M0K-C HA*EB$@#>~6;4{8x6w4t,1*q.nnl$)j'g}${d!aa|^^y[[vXXsUqpSnQlkjihgf_HcFaD_ ^]?UZS<W997MR5P2HMF/J,H+)E>C<%@""~6;|z816/v3s1rp.',%l)iig}$ec!x}v_z\\wYY tVVqSSnPPNdihKfIdcba`_^]V?ZY<:VOTSRQ3I2MLEJIHAF?(CB;@?>7<;|zzy054ut1rq(- ,ml)j'&%$#cy~a_{tyr[vXXVlqToQgleNiKgJeG]b[D_A]@[=SXQ:U7S6Q3ING0K-I,G)?D= &A##>~~;Template:8xx5u32s0q(-,ml)j'&%$ print!("\n"); } for n in q.iter() { print!("{}", (if *n==32{10} else

                                 {*n+32}) as char);}print!("\n");} // github.com/kirjavascript

</lang>

Scala

script: <lang scala>val q = "\"" * 3 val c = """val q = "\"" * 3 val c = %s%s%s println(c format (q, c, q)) """ println(c format (q, c, q))</lang>

application: <lang scala>object Quine {

 def main(args: Array[String]) {
   val q = "\"" * 3
   val c = """object Quine {
 def main(args: Array[String]) {
   val q = "\"" * 3
   val c = %s%s%s
   println(c format (q, c, q))
 }

}"""

   println(c format (q, c, q))
 }

}</lang>

script, using printf with indexed arguments (proposed here: http://www.codecommit.com/blog/scala/useless-hackery-a-scala-quine): <lang scala>val x="val x=%c%s%1$c;printf(x,34,x)";printf(x,34,x)</lang>

Scheme

Translation of: Common Lisp

Works with: Scheme version R

^{5}

RS

<lang scheme>((lambda (s) (display (list s (list (quote quote) s)))) (quote (lambda (s) (display (list s (list (quote quote) s))))))</lang> or more "directly" (and classically) <lang scheme>((lambda (q) (quasiquote ((unquote q) (quote (unquote q))))) (quote (lambda (q) (quasiquote ((unquote q) (quote (unquote q)))))))</lang> which is a long-hand for "cute" <lang scheme>((lambda (q) `(,q ',q)) '(lambda (q) `(,q ',q)))</lang>

Seed7

<lang seed7>$ include "seed7_05.s7i"; const array string: prog is []( "$ include \"seed7_05.s7i\";", "const array string: prog is [](", "const proc: main is func", " local var integer: number is 0;", " begin", " for number range 1 to 2 do writeln(prog[number]); end for;", " for number range 1 to 11 do", " writeln(literal(prog[number]) <& \",\");", " end for;", " writeln(literal(prog[12]) <& \");\");", " for number range 3 to 12 do writeln(prog[number]); end for;", " end func;"); const proc: main is func

 local var integer: number is 0;
 begin
   for number range 1 to 2 do writeln(prog[number]); end for;
   for number range 1 to 11 do
     writeln(literal(prog[number]) <& ",");
   end for;
   writeln(literal(prog[12]) <& ");");
   for number range 3 to 12 do writeln(prog[number]); end for;
 end func;</lang>

Original source: [1]

Shale

<lang Shale>i var i "i var i %c%s%c = 34 i 34 i printf" = 34 i 34 i printf</lang>

Sidef

With printf(): <lang ruby>s = %(s = %%(%s); printf(s, s); ); printf(s, s);</lang>

With HERE-doc: <lang ruby>say(<<e*2, 'e') say(<<e*2, 'e') e</lang>

Smalltalk

(newline included) <lang smalltalk>[:s| Transcript show: s, s printString; cr ] value: '[:s| Transcript show: s, s printString; cr ] value: ' </lang>

Works with: GNU Smalltalk

(newline included)

<lang smalltalk>' print; displayNl' print; displayNl </lang>

SmileBASIC

Fairly standard with a format string and character codes. <lang smilebasic>Q$="Q$=%SPRINT FORMAT$(Q$,CHR$(34)+Q$+CHR$(34)+CHR$(10))" PRINT FORMAT$(Q$,CHR$(34)+Q$+CHR$(34)+CHR$(10))</lang>

SPL

There is a bootstrapper for a Quine in SPL. The actual Quine is quite large (3.1 million to 180 thousand lines in this case).

SPWN

<lang spwn>d='JC5wcmludCgiZD0nIitkKyInOyIrJC5iNjRkZWNvZGUoZCkp';$.print("d='"+d+"';"+$.b64decode(d)) </lang>

Standard ML

(newline included) <lang sml>(fn s => print (s ^ "\"" ^ String.toString s ^ "\";\n")) "(fn s => print (s ^ \"\\\"\" ^ String.toString s ^ \"\\\";\\n\")) ";</lang>

(without newline) <lang sml>(fn y=>(fn x=>(print(x^y^x^y)))) (implode[chr(34)])"(fn y=>(fn x=>(print(x^y^x^y)))) (implode[chr(34)])"</lang>

Swift

Version 1

Works with: Swift version 2.x

(newline included) <lang swift>({print($0+$0.debugDescription+")")})("({print($0+$0.debugDescription+\")\")})(")</lang>

Works with: Swift version 1.x

(newline included) <lang swift>{println($0+$0.debugDescription+")")}("{println($0+$0.debugDescription+\")\")}(")</lang>

Version 2

(newline included) <lang swift>let x = ["let x =", ";print(x[0], x, x[1])"] ;print(x[0], x, x[1])</lang>

Tcl

There are a number of excellent quines in the Tcl wiki[2], the most useful for real-world programming probably the one that uses [info] to read the source of the currently running script. But that would be like opening its own source file.

The most straightforward one in the spirit of Quine is probably the one that uses [join], which appends the elements in the list given in its first argument with a "joining string" which is given in the second element of the list. For example the three-element list {} A B (the first element of which is an empty list): <lang tcl>join { {} A B } any_string => any_stringAany_stringB</lang> If "A" and "B" are replaced by literal (i.e. escaped) opening and closing curled braces, the result becomes valid Tcl code: <lang tcl>join { {} \{ \} } something => something{something}</lang> and re-assembling these parts with a connecting string that is exactly this operation of re-assembly: <lang tcl>join { {} \{ \} } { join { {} \{ \} } } => join { {} \{ \} } { join { {} \{ \} } }</lang>

Turbo Pascal

The following code was tested in Turbo Pascal 5.5 under DOSbox DOS, and using gpc 4.1. It assumes ASCII. <lang pascal>program quine;

const

    apos: Char = Chr(39);
    comma: Char = Chr(44);
    lines: Array[1..17] of String[80] = (

'program quine;', , 'const', ' apos: Char = Chr(39);', ' comma: Char = Chr(44);', ' lines: Array[1..17] of String[80] = (', ' );', , 'var', ' num: Integer;', , 'begin', ' for num := 1 to 6 do writeln(lines[num]);', ' for num := 1 to 16 do writeln(apos, lines[num], apos, comma);', '% writeln(apos, lines[17], apos);', ' for num := 7 to 17 do writeln(lines[num]);', 'end.'

);

var

  num: Integer;

begin

    for num := 1 to 6 do writeln(lines[num]);
    for num := 1 to 16 do writeln(apos, lines[num], apos, comma);
    writeln(apos, lines[17], apos);
    for num := 7 to 17 do writeln(lines[num]);

end.</lang>

TXR

A suite for four variations on a theme. The first three use HTML encoding to avoid solving quoting problem. The third stops using 
 to encode newlines, but instead represents the coded portion of the program as a list of lines rather than a string containing newlines encoded in some other way. The fourth dispenses with the HTML crutch and solves the quoting problem with a filter defined in the program itself.

"double filtered"

<lang txr>@(deffilter me ("ME" "@(bind me "ME") @(output) @@(deffilter me ("ME" "@{me :filter me}")) @{me :filter (me :from_html)} @(end)")) @(bind me "ME") @(output) @@(deffilter me ("ME" "@{me :filter me}")) @{me :filter (me :from_html)} @(end)</lang>

"straight up"

<lang txr>@(bind me "@(output) @@(bind me "@me") @{me :filter :from_html} @(end)") @(output) @@(bind me "@me") @{me :filter :from_html} @(end)</lang>

"code free"

<lang txr>@(bind me ("@(output)" "@@(bind me (@(rep)"@me" @(last)"@me"@(end)))" "@(repeat)" "@{me :filter :from_html}" "@(end)" "@(end)")) @(output) @@(bind me (@(rep)"@me" @(last)"@me"@(end))) @(repeat) @{me :filter :from_html} @(end) @(end)</lang>

"404"

<lang txr>@(bind me ("@(deffilter q (*'**'*' *'*/*'*') (*'**/*' *'*/*/*') (*'*****' *'***'))" "@(output)" "@@(bind me (@(rep)*'@me*' @(last)*'@me*'@(end)))" "@(repeat)" "@{me :filter q}" "@(end)" "@(end)")) @(deffilter q ("*'" "\"") ("*/" "\\") ("**" "*")) @(output) @@(bind me (@(rep)"@me" @(last)"@me"@(end))) @(repeat) @{me :filter q} @(end) @(end)</lang>

UNIX Shell

Works with: Bourne Shell

A cheat that reads its own source code, because $0 is the path to the script:

A cheat that reads its own input using the history command (only works in an interactive shell): <lang bash>history | tail -n 1 | cut -c 8-</lang>

A real quine that doesn't cheat:

<lang bash>{ string=`cat` printf "$string" "$string" echo echo END-FORMAT } <<'END-FORMAT' { string=`cat` printf "$string" "$string" echo echo END-FORMAT } <<'END-FORMAT' %s END-FORMAT</lang>

V

First we need a function that can print a list as a library. <lang v>[p [put ' 'put] map ' ' puts].</lang> with that, the quine reduces to quine.v: <lang v>[dup puts p] dup puts p</lang>

Using it:

$./v quine.v

VBA

Inspired bij the Pascal version <lang vb>Public Sub quine()

   quote = Chr(34)
   comma = Chr(44)
   cont = Chr(32) & Chr(95)
   n = Array( _

"Public Sub quine()", _ " quote = Chr(34)", _ " comma = Chr(44)", _ " cont = Chr(32) & Chr(95)", _ " n = Array( _", _ " For i = 0 To 4", _ " Debug.Print n(i)", _ " Next i", _ " For i = 0 To 15", _ " Debug.Print quote & n(i) & quote & comma & cont", _ " Next i", _ " Debug.Print quote & n(15) & quote & Chr(41)", _ " For i = 5 To 15", _ " Debug.Print n(i)", _ " Next i", _ "End Sub")

   For i = 0 To 4
       Debug.Print n(i)
   Next i
   For i = 0 To 14
       Debug.Print quote & n(i) & quote & comma & cont
   Next i
   Debug.Print quote & n(15) & quote & Chr(41)
   For i = 5 To 15
       Debug.Print n(i)
   Next i

End Sub</lang>

Verbexx

Note: The input source code would normally include a Byte Order Mark (BOM) at the start. The output written to the console does not contain a BOM -- visually, the output looks the same as the input. <lang Verbexx>@VAR s = «@SAY (@FORMAT fmt:"@VAR s = %c%s%c;" 0x00AB s 0x00BB) s no_nl:;»; @SAY (@FORMAT fmt:"@VAR s = %c%s%c;" 0x00AB s 0x00BB) s no_nl:;</lang>

VHDL

<lang VHDL>LIBRARY ieee; USE std.TEXTIO.all; entity quine is end entity quine; architecture beh of quine is

 type str_array is array(1 to 20) of string(1 to 80);                          
 constant src : str_array := (                                                 
   "LIBRARY ieee; USE std.TEXTIO.all;                                               ",
   "entity quine is end entity quine;                                               ",
   "architecture beh of quine is                                                    ",
   "  type str_array is array(1 to 20) of string(1 to 80);                          ",
   "  constant src : str_array := (                                                 ",
   "begin                                                                           ",
   "  process variable l : line; begin                                              ",
   "    for i in 1 to 5 loop write(l, src(i)); writeline(OUTPUT, l); end loop;      ",
   "    for i in 1 to 20 loop                                                       ",
   "      write(l, character'val(32)&character'val(32));                            ",
   "      write(l, character'val(32)&character'val(32));                            ",
   "      write(l, character'val(34)); write(l, src(i)); write(l,character'val(34));",
   "      if i /= 20 then write(l, character'val(44));                              ",
   "      else            write(l, character'val(41)&character'val(59)); end if;    ",
   "      writeline(OUTPUT, l);                                                     ",
   "    end loop;                                                                   ",
   "    for i in 6 to 20 loop write(l, src(i)); writeline(OUTPUT, l); end loop;     ",
   "    wait;                                                                       ",
   "  end process;                                                                  ",
   "end architecture beh;                                                           ");

begin

 process variable l : line; begin                                              
   for i in 1 to 5 loop write(l, src(i)); writeline(OUTPUT, l); end loop;      
   for i in 1 to 20 loop                                                       
     write(l, character'val(32)&character'val(32));                            
     write(l, character'val(32)&character'val(32));                            
     write(l, character'val(34)); write(l, src(i)); write(l,character'val(34));
     if i /= 20 then write(l, character'val(44));                              
     else            write(l, character'val(41)&character'val(59)); end if;    
     writeline(OUTPUT, l);                                                     
   end loop;                                                                   
   for i in 6 to 20 loop write(l, src(i)); writeline(OUTPUT, l); end loop;     
   wait;                                                                       
 end process;

end architecture beh;</lang> NOTE: ModelSim escapes each line in the console output with "# ".

Visual Basic .NET

Leading newline for appearance. <lang vbnet>Module Program

   Sub Main()
       Dim s = "

Module Program

   Sub Main()
       Dim s = {0}{1}{0}
       Console.WriteLine(s, ChrW(34), s)
   End Sub

End Module"

       Console.WriteLine(s, ChrW(34), s)
   End Sub

End Module</lang>

Possibly shortest possible (must have strict and explicit off): <lang vbnet>Module M Sub Main s="Module M Sub Main s={0}{1}{0} Console.Write(s,ChrW(34),s) End Sub End Module" Console.Write(s,ChrW(34),s) End Sub End Module</lang>

WDTE

<lang WDTE>let str => import 'strings'; let v => "let str => import 'strings';\nlet v => {q};\nstr.format v v -- io.writeln io.stdout;"; str.format v v -- io.writeln io.stdout;</lang>

Whitespace

Since Whitespace only uses integers (entered binary with S representing 0 and T representing) as data, the idea is the following: Create a big integer; Print it in base 3 with L as 2, T as 1 and S as 0; print it in Base 2 with T as 1 and S as 0 (The same way it was written into the Code)

As of this big integer, this code might not work in different interpreters. It works using the tio.run interpreter.

(Note Newline at the start and the end of the code)

</lang>

Wren

Library: Wren-fmt

<lang ecmascript>import "/fmt" for Fmt

var a = "import $c/fmt$c for Fmt$c$cvar a = $q$cFmt.lprint(a, [34, 34, 10, 10, a, 10])" Fmt.lprint(a, [34, 34, 10, 10, a, 10])</lang>

x86 Assembly

<lang> .global _start;_start:mov $p,%rsi;mov $1,%rax;mov $1,%rdi;mov $255,%rdx;syscall;mov $q,%rsi;mov $1,%rax;mov $1,%rdx;syscall;mov $p,%rsi;mov $1,%rax;mov $255,%rdx;syscall;mov $q,%rsi;mov $1,%rax;mov $1,%rdx;syscall;mov $60,%rax;syscall;q:.byte 34;p:.ascii ".global _start;_start:mov $p,%rsi;mov $1,%rax;mov $1,%rdi;mov $255,%rdx;syscall;mov $q,%rsi;mov $1,%rax;mov $1,%rdx;syscall;mov $p,%rsi;mov $1,%rax;mov $255,%rdx;syscall;mov $q,%rsi;mov $1,%rax;mov $1,%rdx;syscall;mov $60,%rax;syscall;q:.byte 34;p:.ascii " </lang> Compile with `gcc -nostdlib quine.sx` where quine.sx is the filename. This is for GNU Assembler x64 syntax.

Here is the 32 bit version. Compile this with `gcc -nostdlib quine32.sx -m32`. The m32 flag tells gcc to parse the code as 32-bit. <lang> .global _start;_start:mov $p,%ecx;mov $4,%eax;mov $1,%ebx;mov $264,%edx;int $0x80;mov $q,%ecx;mov $4,%eax;mov $1,%edx;int $0x80;mov $p,%ecx;mov $4,%eax;mov $264,%edx;int $0x80;mov $q,%ecx;mov $4,%eax;mov $1,%edx;int $0x80;mov $1,%eax;int $0x80;q:.byte 34;p:.ascii ".global _start;_start:mov $p,%ecx;mov $4,%eax;mov $1,%ebx;mov $264,%edx;int $0x80;mov $q,%ecx;mov $4,%eax;mov $1,%edx;int $0x80;mov $p,%ecx;mov $4,%eax;mov $264,%edx;int $0x80;mov $q,%ecx;mov $4,%eax;mov $1,%edx;int $0x80;mov $1,%eax;int $0x80;q:.byte 34;p:.ascii " </lang>

For readability, here's a bash one-liner. Again, quine.sx is the filename. If you have the scat highlighter, you can pipe it to that, too. Of course, this breaks the quine, so don't compile this version expecting it to work. <lang bash>python -c "from pprint import pprint;prog=open('quine.sx', 'r').read().split(';',24);pprint(prog)" | tr "[]" " " | perl -pe "s/( '|'(,| ))//g"</lang>

zkl

The simplest is the zkl REPL and integers <lang zkl>zkl: 123 123</lang>

Translation of: Groovy

<lang zkl>s:="s:=%c%s%c;print(s.fmt(34,s,34));";print(s.fmt(34,s,34));</lang>

Translation of: ALGOL 68

<lang zkl> a:="a:=;q:=(34).toChar();print(a[0,3]+q+a+q+a[3,*]);";q:=(34).toChar();print(a[0,3]+q+a+q+a[3,*]);</lang>

Translation of: C

<lang zkl>reg c=0'|"|,s="reg c=0'|%c|,s=%c%s%c;s.fmt(c,c,s,c).print();";s.fmt(c,c,s,c).print();</lang>

Translation of: Python

Create a file with: <lang zkl>File(__FILE__).readln().print()</lang> and run it: $ zkl foo.zkl to generate the contents.

We can also write a quine tester since print both sends the results to the output device and returns them: <lang zkl>fcn testQuine(quine){

  Compiler.Compiler.compileText(quine).__constructor(); out:=vm.regX;
  println("\ndiff>>",quine-out,"<<");

}</lang>

testQuine(0'|s:="s:=%c%s%c;print(s.fmt(34,s,34));";print(s.fmt(34,s,34));|);
s:="s:=%c%s%c;print(s.fmt(34,s,34));";print(s.fmt(34,s,34));
diff>><<