Operator precedence
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The following contains tables of precedence and associativity of all the operators various languages. Operators are listed top to bottom, in descending precedence. Descending precedence refers to the priority of evaluation. Considering an expression, an operator which is listed on some row will be evaluated prior to any operator that is listed on a row further below it. Operators that are in the same cell (there may be several rows of operators listed in a cell) are evaluated with the same precedence, in the given direction.
C++
The following is a table that lists the precedence and associativity of all the operators in the C and C++ languages. An operator's precedence is unaffected by overloading.
Precedence | Operator | Description | Associativity |
---|---|---|---|
1
highest |
::
|
Scope resolution (C++ only) | Left-to-right |
2 | ++
|
Suffix increment | |
--
|
Suffix decrement | ||
()
|
Function call | ||
[]
|
Array subscripting | ||
.
|
Element selection by reference | ||
->
|
Element selection through pointer | ||
typeid()
|
Run-time type information (C++ only) (see typeid) | ||
const_cast
|
Type cast (C++ only) (see const cast) | ||
dynamic_cast
|
Type cast (C++ only) (see dynamic cast) | ||
reinterpret_cast
|
Type cast (C++ only) (see reinterpret cast) | ||
static_cast
|
Type cast (C++ only) (see static cast) | ||
3 | ++
|
Prefix increment | Right-to-left |
--
|
Prefix decrement | ||
+
|
Unary plus | ||
-
|
Unary minus | ||
!
|
Logical NOT | ||
~
|
Bitwise NOT | ||
(type)
|
Type cast | ||
*
|
Indirection (dereference) | ||
&
|
Address-of | ||
sizeof
|
Size-of | ||
new , new[]
|
Dynamic memory allocation (C++ only) | ||
delete , delete[]
|
Dynamic memory deallocation (C++ only) | ||
4 | .*
|
Pointer to member (C++ only) | Left-to-right |
->*
|
Pointer to member (C++ only) | ||
5 | *
|
Multiplication | |
/
|
Division | ||
%
|
Modulo (remainder) | ||
6 | +
|
Addition | |
-
|
Subtraction | ||
7 | <<
|
Bitwise left shift | |
>>
|
Bitwise right shift | ||
8 | <
|
Less than | |
<=
|
Less than or equal to | ||
>
|
Greater than | ||
>=
|
Greater than or equal to | ||
9 | ==
|
Equal to | |
!=
|
Not equal to | ||
10 | &
|
Bitwise AND | |
11 | ^
|
Bitwise XOR (exclusive or) | |
12 | |
|
Bitwise OR (inclusive or) | |
13 | &&
|
Logical AND | |
14 | ||
|
Logical OR | |
15 | ?:
|
Ternary conditional (see ?:) | Right-to-left |
16 | =
|
Direct assignment | |
+=
|
Assignment by sum | ||
-=
|
Assignment by difference | ||
*=
|
Assignment by product | ||
/=
|
Assignment by quotient | ||
%=
|
Assignment by remainder | ||
<<=
|
Assignment by bitwise left shift | ||
>>=
|
Assignment by bitwise right shift | ||
&=
|
Assignment by bitwise AND | ||
^=
|
Assignment by bitwise XOR | ||
|=
|
Assignment by bitwise OR | ||
17 | throw
|
Throw operator (exceptions throwing, C++ only) | |
18 | ,
|
Comma | Left-to-right |
J
Precedence | Grammatical classification | Associativity |
---|---|---|
highest | conjunctions | long left scope |
adverbs | long left scope | |
lowest | verbs | long right scope |
See http://www.jsoftware.com/help/dictionary/partsofspeech.htm for tokens in each grammatical class.
Note that other parts of speech do not have any precedence, because they are not "operators".
OCaml
This table contains the precedence and associativity of operators and other expression constructs in OCaml, including user-defined operators.
PHP
Python
See this table and the whole page for details on Python version 3.x