Nim game
You are encouraged to solve this task according to the task description, using any language you may know.
Nim is a simple game where the second player ─── if they know the trick ─── will always win.
The game has only 3 rules:
- start with 12 tokens
- each player takes 1, 2, or 3 tokens in turn
- the player who takes the last token wins.
To win every time, the second player simply takes 4 minus the number the first player took. So if the first player takes 1, the second takes 3 ─── if the first player takes 2, the second should take 2 ─── and if the first player takes 3, the second player will take 1.
- Task
Design a simple Nim game where the human player goes first, and the computer always wins. The game should enforce the rules.
11l
<lang 11l>V tokens = 12
F getTokens(curTokens) -> N
print(‘How many tokens would you like to take? ’, end' ‘’) V take = Int(input())
I (take < 1 | take > 3)
print("Number must be between 1 and 3.\n")
getTokens(curTokens)
R
:tokens = curTokens - take
print(‘You take #. tokens.’.format(take))
print("#. tokens remaining.\n".format(:tokens))
F compTurn(curTokens)
V take = curTokens % 4
:tokens = curTokens - take
print(‘Computer takes #. tokens.’.format(take))
print("#. tokens remaining.\n".format(:tokens))
L tokens > 0
getTokens(tokens) compTurn(tokens)
print(‘Computer wins!’)</lang>
- Output:
How many tokens would you like to take? 2 You take 2 tokens. 10 tokens remaining. Computer takes 2 tokens. 8 tokens remaining. How many tokens would you like to take? 1 You take 1 tokens. 7 tokens remaining. Computer takes 3 tokens. 4 tokens remaining. How many tokens would you like to take? 3 You take 3 tokens. 1 tokens remaining. Computer takes 1 tokens. 0 tokens remaining. Computer wins!
8080 Assembly
It may not be a very interesting game, but it assembles to only 222 bytes.
<lang 8080asm>bdos: equ 5 ; CP/M syscalls puts: equ 9 putch: equ 2 getch: equ 1
maxtokens: equ 12 ; you can change this for more tokens
org 100h lxi d,nim call outs mvi b,maxtokens ; 12 tokens gameloop: lxi d,tokens ; Show tokens call outs mov c,b showtokens: dcr c jm tokensdone mvi a,'|' call outa jmp showtokens tokensdone: lxi d,nl call outs lxi d,prompt ; Show prompt call outs readinput: call ina ; Read input sui '1' ; Subtract '1' (lowest acceptable jc wrong ; input) cpi 3 ; range of values is [0..2] jnc wrong cmp b ; can't take more than there are either jnc wrong cma ; negate; -a = ~(a-1) mov c,a ; keep value add b ; subtract from tokens mov b,a mvi a,4 ; computer take 4-X tokens add c mov c,a lxi d,response ; print how many I take call outs mvi a,'0' add c call outa mov a,b ; subtract the ones I take sub c jz done ; if I took the last one, I won mov b,a lxi d,nl call outs call outs jmp gameloop done: lxi d,lose ; there's no win condition jmp outs ;; Invalid input wrong: lxi d,wronginp call outs jmp readinput ;; Read character into A and keep registers ina: push b push d push h mvi c,getch call bdos jmp restore ;; Print A and keep registers outa: push b push d push h mvi c,putch mov e,a call bdos jmp restore ;; Print string and keep registers outs: push b push d push h mvi c,puts call bdos ;; Restore registers restore: pop h pop d pop b ret nim: db 'Nim',13,10,13,10,'$' prompt: db 'How many will you take (1-3)? $' response: db 13,10,'I take $' tokens: db 'Tokens: $' lose: db 13,10,'You lose!$' nl: db 13,10,'$' wronginp: db 8,7,32,8,'$' ; beep and erase choice</lang>
8086 Assembly
This is a decent demonstration of the greater versatility of the 8086
when compared to the 8080. Where the 8080 only allowed complex operations
on its A register, the other registers being limited to
loading, incrementing and decrementing, the 8086 allows most operations to use
any registers as its operands, leading to much shorter assembly code for the same
program.
The trade-off is a more complex instruction encoding, usually requiring two
bytes per instruction, minus any immediate operands. But that is ultimately
worth it: whereas the 8080 version takes 222 bytes, this 8086 Nim assembles to
only 173 bytes, mostly as a result of the three-instruction pattern of "load data into A, do something with it, then store it elsewhere" simplifying to just one instruction to manipulate
the data in place.
<lang asm> ;; MS-DOS Nim; assembles with nasm. bits 16 cpu 8086 getch: equ 1 putch: equ 2 puts: equ 9 ; INT 21h calls maxtokens: equ 12 ; Amount of tokens there are section .text org 100h mov dx,nim ; Print sign-on call outs mov ch,maxtokens ; CH = amount of tokens we have loop: mov dx,tokens ; Tokens: |||... call outs mov ah,putch ; Print a | for each token mov dl,'|' mov dh,ch puttoks: int 21h dec dh jnz puttoks mov dx,prompt ; Ask the user how many to take call outs ask: mov ah,getch ; Read keypress int 21h sub al,'1' ; Make number (minus one) jc bad ; Carry, it was <1 (bad) inc al ; Add 1 (because we subtracted '1') cmp al,3 ja bad ; If it was >3, it is bad cmp al,ch ja bad ; If it was > amount left, it is bad sub ch,al ; Remove your tokens from pile mov cl,4 ; I take 4-N, which is 3-N-1 sub cl,al sub ch,cl ; Remove my tokens from pile mov dx,response ; Tell the user how many I took. call outs mov dl,'0' add dl,cl mov ah,putch int 21h cmp ch,0 ; Are there any tokens left? jne loop ; If not, prompt again mov dx,lose ; But otherwise, you've lost ; Fall through into print string routine and then stop. ;; Print string in DX. (This saves a byte each CALL) outs: mov ah,puts int 21h ret ;; Input is bad; beep, erase, ask again bad: mov dx,wronginp call outs jmp ask section .data nim: db 'Nim$' prompt: db 13,10,'How many will you take (1-3)? $' response: db 13,10,'I take $' tokens: db 13,10,13,10,'Tokens: $' lose: db 13,10,'You lose!$' wronginp: db 8,7,32,8,'$' </lang>
Action!
<lang Action!>BYTE FUNC PlayerTurn(BYTE tokens)
BYTE t,max
IF tokens<3 THEN max=tokens ELSE max=3 FI
DO
PrintF("How many tokens would you like to take (1-%B)? ",max)
t=InputB()
UNTIL t>=1 AND t<=max
OD
PrintF("Player takes %B tokens.%E",t)
t=tokens-t
IF t=0 THEN
PrintE("Player wins.")
FI
RETURN (t)
BYTE FUNC ComputerTurn(BYTE tokens)
BYTE t
t=tokens MOD 4
PrintF("Computer takes %B tokens.%E",t)
t=tokens-t
IF t=0 THEN
PrintE("Computer wins.")
FI
RETURN (t)
PROC Main()
BYTE tokens=[12],t BYTE player=[1]
WHILE tokens>0
DO
PrintF("Available tokens: %B%E",tokens)
IF player THEN
tokens=PlayerTurn(tokens)
ELSE
tokens=ComputerTurn(tokens)
FI
player=1-player
OD
RETURN</lang>
- Output:
Screenshot from Atari 8-bit computer
Available tokens: 12 How many tokens would you like to take (1-3)? 3 Player takes 3 tokens. Available tokens: 9 Computer takes 1 tokens. Available tokens: 8 How many tokens would you like to take (1-3)? 2 Player takes 2 tokens. Available tokens: 6 Computer takes 2 tokens. Available tokens: 4 How many tokens would you like to take (1-3)? 1 Player takes 1 tokens. Available tokens: 3 Computer takes 3 tokens. Computer wins.
Ada
<lang Ada>with Ada.Text_IO;
procedure Nim is
subtype Token_Range is Positive range 1 .. 3;
package TIO renames Ada.Text_IO; package Token_IO is new TIO.Integer_IO(Token_Range);
procedure Get_Tokens(remaining : in Natural; how_many : out Token_Range) is
begin
loop
TIO.Put("How many tokens would you like to take? ");
begin
Token_IO.Get(TIO.Standard_Input, how_many);
exit when how_many < remaining;
raise Constraint_Error;
exception
when TIO.Data_Error | Constraint_Error =>
if not TIO.End_Of_Line(TIO.Standard_Input) then
TIO.Skip_Line(TIO.Standard_Input);
end if;
TIO.Put_Line("Invalid input.");
end;
end loop;
end;
tokens : Natural := 12; how_many : Token_Range;
begin
loop
TIO.Put_Line(tokens'Img & " tokens remain.");
-- no exit condition here: human cannot win.
Get_Tokens(tokens, how_many);
TIO.Put_Line("Human takes" & how_many'Img & " tokens.");
tokens := tokens - how_many;
-- computer's turn: take the remaining N tokens to amount to 4.
how_many := tokens mod 4;
TIO.Put_Line("Computer takes" & how_many'Img & " tokens.");
tokens := tokens - how_many;
Ada.Text_IO.New_Line;
exit when tokens = 0;
end loop;
TIO.Put_Line("Computer won!");
end Nim;</lang>
- Output:
12 tokens remain. How many tokens would you like to take? a Invalid input. How many tokens would you like to take? 1 Human takes 1 tokens. Computer takes 3 tokens. 8 tokens remain. How many tokens would you like to take? 2 Human takes 2 tokens. Computer takes 2 tokens. 4 tokens remain. How many tokens would you like to take? 3 Human takes 3 tokens. Computer takes 1 tokens. Computer won!
ALGOL 68
<lang algol68>BEGIN # play Nim #
# gets a single character answer from standin and returns it #
PROC answer = ( STRING prompt )CHAR:
BEGIN
STRING s;
INT left := 0;
WHILE print( ( prompt, "> " ) );
read( ( s, newline ) );
left := LWB s;
INT right := UPB s;
WHILE IF left > right THEN FALSE ELSE s[ left ] = " " FI DO left +:= 1 OD;
WHILE IF right < left THEN FALSE ELSE s[ right ] = " " FI DO right -:= 1 OD;
left /= right
DO
print( ( "Please reply with a single character", newline ) )
OD;
s[ left ]
END # answer # ;
# play one game #
INT tokens := 12;
STRING suffix := "";
WHILE
CHAR user;
WHILE user := answer( "There are "
+ whole( tokens, 0 )
+ " tokens"
+ suffix
+ ", how many do you want to take (1, 2 or 3)"
);
user /= "1" AND user /= "2" AND user /= "3"
DO
print( ( "please answer 1, 2 or 3", newline ) )
OD;
INT move = ABS user - ABS "0";
print( ( "I take ", whole( 4 - move, 0 ), newline ) );
suffix := " left";
tokens -:= 4;
tokens > 0
DO SKIP OD;
print( ( "I win!", newline ) )
END</lang>
- Output:
There are 12 tokens, how many do you want to take (1, 2 or 3)> 3 I take 1 There are 8 tokens left, how many do you want to take (1, 2 or 3)> t please answer 1, 2 or 3 There are 8 tokens left, how many do you want to take (1, 2 or 3)> 4 please answer 1, 2 or 3 There are 8 tokens left, how many do you want to take (1, 2 or 3)> 1 I take 3 There are 4 tokens left, how many do you want to take (1, 2 or 3)> 2 I take 2 I win!
ALGOL-M
<lang algol> BEGIN
PROCEDURE WELCOME; BEGIN
WRITE("THE GAME OF NIM");
WRITE("");
WRITE("WE BEGIN WITH 12 TOKENS. ON EACH TURN, A");
WRITE("PLAYER MAY TAKE BETWEEN 1 AND 3 TOKENS.");
WRITE("THE PLAYER WHO TAKES THE LAST TOKEN WINS.");
WRITE("");
END;
PROCEDURE SHOW(N); INTEGER N; BEGIN
WRITE("REMAINING TOKENS:",N);
END;
INTEGER FUNCTION GETNUM(LOWLIM, TOPLIM); INTEGER LOWLIM, TOPLIM; BEGIN
INTEGER OK, N;
OK := 0;
WHILE OK = 0 DO
BEGIN
WRITE("YOU TAKE:");
READ(N);
IF N < LOWLIM OR N > TOPLIM THEN
BEGIN
WRITE("MUST TAKE BETWEEN",LOWLIM," AND",TOPLIM,".");
WRITE("TRY AGAIN.");
END
ELSE
OK := 1;
END;
GETNUM := N;
END;
INTEGER FUNCTION PLAY(PLAYER, TOKENS, TAKEN); INTEGER PLAYER, TOKENS, TAKEN; BEGIN
IF PLAYER = 1 THEN % HUMAN PLAYER'S MOVE % TAKEN := GETNUM(1,3) ELSE % MACHINE'S MOVE % TAKEN := 4 - TAKEN; PLAY := TAKEN;
END;
PROCEDURE REPORT(WINNER); INTEGER WINNER; % MACHINE = 0, HUMAN = 1 % BEGIN
IF WINNER = 0 THEN
WRITE("I TOOK THE LAST ONE, SO I WIN. SORRY ABOUT THAT.")
ELSE
WRITE("YOU TOOK THE LAST ONE. YOU WIN. CONGRATULATIONS!");
END;
% MAIN CODE BEGINS HERE %
INTEGER PLAYER, TOKENS, TAKEN, HUMAN, MACHINE;
MACHINE := 0; HUMAN := 1; TOKENS := 12; TAKEN := 0; PLAYER := HUMAN; WELCOME; WRITE("YOU GO FIRST."); WHILE TOKENS > 0 DO
BEGIN
SHOW(TOKENS);
TAKEN := PLAY(PLAYER, TOKENS, TAKEN);
TOKENS := TOKENS - TAKEN;
IF PLAYER = MACHINE THEN WRITE("I TOOK:",TAKEN);
IF TOKENS > 0 THEN PLAYER := 1 - PLAYER;
END;
REPORT(PLAYER); WRITE("THANKS FOR PLAYING!");
END </lang>
- Output:
THE GAME OF NIM WE GEGIN WITH 12 TOKENS. ON EACH TURN, A PLAYER MAY TAKE BETWEEN 1 AND 3 TOKENS. THE PLAYER WHO TAKES THE LAST TOKEN WINS. YOU GO FIRST. REMAINING TOKENS: 12 YOU TAKE: -> 4 MUST TAKE BETWEEN 1 AND 3. TRY AGAIN. YOU TAKE: -> 3 REMAINING TOKENS: 9 I TOOK: 1 REMAINING TOKENS: 8 YOU TAKE: ->2 REMAINING TOKENS: 6 I TOOK: 2 REMAINING TOKENS: 4 YOU TAKE: -> 1 REMAINING TOKENS: 3 I TOOK: 3 I TOOK THE LAST ONE, SO I WIN. SORRY ABOUT THAT. THANKS FOR PLAYING!
Applesoft BASIC
This one-liner demonstrates the 240 character line limit. The program has been crafted to be exactly 244 characters long. The last 4 characters HEAP will be truncated from the last statement in the line. The HEAP variable is optional in the out-most NEXT statement so the program still runs correctly. <lang ApplesoftBasic>0ST$(0)="YOU MUST TAKE 1, 2, OR 3 TOKENS.":FORHEAP=12TO1STEP-4:PRINT"THERE ARE "HEAP" TOKENS REMAINING.":FORI=0TO1:INPUT"HOW MANY WOULD YOU LIKE TO TAKE?";T%:I=T%>0ANDT%<4:PRINTST$(I):NEXTI:PRINT"ON MY TURN I WILL TAKE "4-T%" TOKENS.":NEXTHEAP</lang>
AsciiDots
<lang AsciiDots> %$LMRTX .-$"Nim Dots"-$""-
/$_"Number must be "\
T /----~------\ |
*M /---+-*-[o] | |
R [-]\ .>#3-+[>][<]-1#<.| |
.-#12>--^ \"stod "$-#_$-" ekat uoY"_$---/ \--*----*-/ |
.>$_"How many dots would you like to take"---#?---/ |
\X X---------<".3 dna 1 neewteb"$/
/-----*L |
[-]--\ R |
| *-$_"Computer takes "-$_#-$" dots"/
M-*#4[%]
\---/
/----------------$"computer wins!"-&
/---~--
*#0[=]
L-------------*---*>$_#-$" dots remaining."-$""
T
</lang>
- Output:
Nim Dots How many dots would you like to take?: 3 You take 3 dots 9 dots remaining. Computer takes 1 dots 8 dots remaining. How many dots would you like to take?: 1 You take 1 dots 7 dots remaining. Computer takes 3 dots 4 dots remaining. How many dots would you like to take?: 2 You take 2 dots 2 dots remaining. Computer takes 2 dots 0 dots remaining. computer wins!
AutoHotkey
<lang AutoHotkey>Play: tokens := 12 while tokens { while !(D>0 && D<4) InputBox, D, Nim Game, % "Tokens Remaining = " tokens . "`nHow many tokens would you like to take?" . "`nChoose 1, 2 or 3" tokens -= D MsgBox % "Computer Takes " 4-D tokens -= 4-d, d:=0 } MsgBox, 262212,,Computer Always Wins!`nWould you like to play again? IfMsgBox, Yes gosub Play else ExitApp return</lang>
AWK
<lang AWK>
- syntax: GAWK -f NIM_GAME.AWK
BEGIN {
tokens = 12
printf("Nim game - using %d tokens\n",tokens)
while (tokens > 0) {
for (;;) {
printf("how many tokens 1-3? ")
getline ans
if (ans ~ /^[123]$/) {
tokens -= ans
prn("player")
break
}
print("invalid input, try again")
}
tokens -= ans = tokens % 4
prn("computer")
}
print("computer wins")
exit(0)
} function prn(who) {
printf("%s takes %d token%s; there are %d remaining\n",who,ans,(ans==1)?"":"s",tokens)
} </lang>
- Output:
Nim game - using 12 tokens how many tokens 1-3? 1 player takes 1 token; there are 11 remaining computer takes 3 tokens; there are 8 remaining how many tokens 1-3? 2 player takes 2 tokens; there are 6 remaining computer takes 2 tokens; there are 4 remaining how many tokens 1-3? 3 player takes 3 tokens; there are 1 remaining computer takes 1 token; there are 0 remaining computer wins
BlooP
Bloop has no input capabilites, so the game is defined as a procedure, called with 3 numbers (since the game will last only 3 rounds anyhow). The procedure can be called with more numbers - extra parameters are ignored in most implementations I have found. Since there is no easy way to get more inputs, any incorrect values are converted to correct ones. <lang BlooP> DEFINE PROCEDURE DIVIDE [A,B]: BLOCK 0: BEGIN
IF A < B, THEN:
QUIT BLOCK 0;
CELL(0) <= 1;
OUTPUT <= 1;
LOOP AT MOST A TIMES:
BLOCK 2: BEGIN
IF OUTPUT * B = A, THEN:
QUIT BLOCK 0;
OUTPUT <= OUTPUT + 1;
IF OUTPUT * B > A, THEN:
BLOCK 3: BEGIN
OUTPUT <= CELL(0);
QUIT BLOCK 0;
BLOCK 3: END;
CELL(0) <= OUTPUT;
BLOCK 2: END;
BLOCK 0: END.
DEFINE PROCEDURE MINUS [A,B]: BLOCK 0: BEGIN
IF A < B, THEN:
QUIT BLOCK 0;
LOOP AT MOST A TIMES:
BLOCK 1: BEGIN
IF OUTPUT + B = A, THEN:
QUIT BLOCK 0;
OUTPUT <= OUTPUT + 1;
BLOCK 1: END;
BLOCK 0: END.
DEFINE PROCEDURE MODULUS [A,B]: BLOCK 0: BEGIN
CELL(0) <= DIVIDE[A,B]; OUTPUT <= MINUS[A,CELL(0) * B];
BLOCK 0: END.
DEFINE PROCEDURE PLAYER_TURN [TOKENS_LEFT, TAKE]: BLOCK 0: BEGIN
CELL(0) <= TAKE;
IF TAKE > 3, THEN: BLOCK 1: BEGIN CELL(0) <= MODULUS [TAKE, 3] + 1; PRINT ['take must be between 1 and 3. setting take to ', CELL(0), '.']; BLOCK 1: END;
IF TAKE < 1, THEN: BLOCK 2: BEGIN CELL(0) <= 1; PRINT ['take must be between 1 and 3. setting take to 1.']; BLOCK 2: END;
OUTPUT <= MINUS [TOKENS_LEFT, CELL(0)];
PRINT ['player takes ', CELL(0), ' tokens.']; PRINT ['tokens remaining: ', OUTPUT]; PRINT [];
BLOCK 0: END.
DEFINE PROCEDURE COMPUTER_TURN [TOKENS_LEFT]: BLOCK 0: BEGIN
CELL(0) <= MODULUS [TOKENS_LEFT, 4]; OUTPUT <= MINUS [TOKENS_LEFT, CELL(0)];
PRINT ['computer takes ', CELL(0), ' tokens.']; PRINT ['tokens remaining: ', OUTPUT]; PRINT [];
BLOCK 0: END.
DEFINE PROCEDURE PLAY_GAME [FST, SEC, THD]: BLOCK 0: BEGIN
CELL(0) <= FST; CELL(1) <= SEC; CELL(2) <= THD; OUTPUT <= 12;
LOOP 3 TIMES: BLOCK 1: BEGIN OUTPUT <= PLAYER_TURN [OUTPUT, CELL(0)]; CELL(0) <= CELL(1); CELL(1) <= CELL(2);
OUTPUT <= COMPUTER_TURN [OUTPUT]; BLOCK 1: END;
PRINT ['computer wins!'];
BLOCK 0: END.
PLAY_GAME [1,4,3]; </lang>
- Output:
Sample game:
> PLAYER TAKES 1 TOKENS. > TOKENS REMAINING: 11 > > COMPUTER TAKES 3 TOKENS. > TOKENS REMAINING: 8 > > TAKE MUST BE BETWEEN 1 AND 3. SETTING TAKE TO 2. > PLAYER TAKES 2 TOKENS. > TOKENS REMAINING: 6 > > COMPUTER TAKES 2 TOKENS. > TOKENS REMAINING: 4 > > PLAYER TAKES 3 TOKENS. > TOKENS REMAINING: 1 > > COMPUTER TAKES 1 TOKENS. > TOKENS REMAINING: 0 > > COMPUTER WINS! => 0
C
<lang c>
- include <stdio.h>
int playerTurn(int numTokens, int take); int computerTurn(int numTokens);
int main(void) { printf("Nim Game\n\n");
int Tokens = 12;
while(Tokens > 0) { printf("How many tokens would you like to take?: ");
int uin; scanf("%i", &uin);
int nextTokens = playerTurn(Tokens, uin);
if (nextTokens == Tokens) { continue; }
Tokens = nextTokens;
Tokens = computerTurn(Tokens); } printf("Computer wins.");
return 0; }
int playerTurn(int numTokens, int take) { if (take < 1 || take > 3) { printf("\nTake must be between 1 and 3.\n\n"); return numTokens; } int remainingTokens = numTokens - take;
printf("\nPlayer takes %i tokens.\n", take); printf("%i tokens remaining.\n\n", remainingTokens);
return remainingTokens; }
int computerTurn(int numTokens) { int take = numTokens % 4; int remainingTokens = numTokens - take;
printf("Computer takes %u tokens.\n", take); printf("%i tokens remaining.\n\n", remainingTokens);
return remainingTokens; } </lang>
- Output:
Sample game:
Nim Game How many tokens would you like to take?: 4 Take must be between 1 and 3. How many tokens would you like to take?: 2 Player takes 2 tokens. 10 tokens remaining. Computer takes 2 tokens. 8 tokens remaining. How many tokens would you like to take?: 1 Player takes 1 tokens. 7 tokens remaining. Computer takes 3 tokens. 4 tokens remaining. How many tokens would you like to take?: 3 Player takes 3 tokens. 1 tokens remaining. Computer takes 1 tokens. 0 tokens remaining. Computer wins.
C++
<lang cpp>#include <iostream>
- include <limits>
using namespace std;
void showTokens(int tokens) {
cout << "Tokens remaining " << tokens << endl << endl;
}
int main() {
int tokens = 12;
while (true) {
showTokens(tokens);
cout << " How many tokens 1, 2 or 3? ";
int t;
cin >> t;
if (cin.fail()) {
cin.clear();
cin.ignore(numeric_limits<streamsize>::max(), '\n');
cout << endl << "Invalid input, try again." << endl << endl;
} else if (t < 1 || t > 3) {
cout << endl << "Must be a number between 1 and 3, try again." << endl << endl;
} else {
int ct = 4 - t;
string s = (ct > 1) ? "s" : "";
cout << " Computer takes " << ct << " token" << s << endl << endl;
tokens -= 4;
}
if (tokens == 0) {
showTokens(0);
cout << " Computer wins!" << endl;
return 0;
}
}
}</lang>
- Output:
Sample game:
Tokens remaining 12 How many tokens 1, 2 or 3? nim Invalid input, try again. Tokens remaining 12 How many tokens 1, 2 or 3? 1 Computer takes 3 tokens Tokens remaining 8 How many tokens 1, 2 or 3? 0 Must be a number between 1 and 3, try again. Tokens remaining 8 How many tokens 1, 2 or 3? 2 Computer takes 2 tokens Tokens remaining 4 How many tokens 1, 2 or 3? 3 Computer takes 1 token Tokens remaining 0 Computer wins!
C#
<lang csharp> using System;
namespace nimGame {
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
Console.WriteLine("There are twelve tokens.\n" +
"You can take 1, 2, or 3 on your turn.\n" +
"Whoever takes the last token wins.\n");
int tokens = 12;
while (tokens > 0)
{
Console.WriteLine("There are " + tokens + " remaining.");
Console.WriteLine("How many do you take?");
int playertake = Convert.ToInt32(Console.ReadLine());
if (playertake < 1 | playertake > 3)
{
Console.WriteLine("1, 2, or 3 only.");
}
else
{
tokens -= playertake;
Console.WriteLine("I take " + (4 - playertake) + ".");
tokens -= (4 - playertake);
}
}
Console.WriteLine("I win again.");
Console.ReadLine();
}
}
} </lang>
- Output:
Sample game:
There are twelve tokens. You can take 1, 2, or 3 on your turn. Whoever takes the last token wins. There are 12 remaining. How many do you take? 3 I take 1. There are 8 remaining. How many do you take? 1 I take 3. There are 4 remaining. How many do you take? 2 I take 2. I win again.
Common Lisp
<lang lisp> (defun pturn (curTokens) (write-string "How many tokens would you like to take?: ") (setq ans (read)) (setq tokensRemaining (- curTokens ans)) (format t "You take ~D tokens~%" ans) (printRemaining tokensRemaining) tokensRemaining)
(defun cturn (curTokens) (setq take (mod curTokens 4)) (setq tokensRemaining (- curTokens take)) (format t "Computer takes ~D tokens~%" take) (printRemaining tokensRemaining) tokensRemaining)
(defun printRemaining (remaining) (format t "~D tokens remaining~%~%" remaining))
(format t "LISP Nim~%~%")
(setq tok 12)
(loop
(setq tok (pturn tok))
(setq tok (cturn tok))
(if (<= tok 0)
(return)))
(write-string "Computer wins!")
</lang>
- Output:
LISP Nim How many tokens would you like to take?: 2 You take 2 tokens 10 tokens remaining Computer takes 2 tokens 8 tokens remaining How many tokens would you like to take?: 1 You take 1 tokens 7 tokens remaining Computer takes 3 tokens 4 tokens remaining How many tokens would you like to take?: 3 You take 3 tokens 1 tokens remaining Computer takes 1 tokens 0 tokens remaining Computer wins!
Crystal
<lang Ruby>tokens = 12
until tokens <= 0
puts "There are #{tokens} tokens remaining.\nHow many tokens do you take?"
until (input = (gets || "").to_i?) && (1..3).includes? input
puts "Enter an integer between 1 and 3."
end
puts "Player takes #{input} tokens.\nComputer takes #{4-input} tokens."
tokens -= 4
end
puts "Computer wins."</lang>
Dyalect
<lang dyalect>print("There are twelve tokens.") print("You can take 1, 2, or 3 on your turn.") print("Whoever takes the last token wins.\n")
var tokens = 12 while tokens > 0 {
print("There are \(tokens) remaining.")
print("How many do you take?")
var playertake = Integer(readLine())
if playertake < 1 || playertake > 3 {
print("1, 2, or 3 only.")
} else {
tokens -= playertake
print("I take \(4 - playertake).")
tokens -= (4 - playertake)
}
}
print("I win again.")</lang>
Factor
<lang factor>USING: interpolate io kernel math math.parser sequences ; IN: rosetta-code.nim-game
- get-input ( -- n )
"Number of tokens to take (1, 2, or 3): " write readln
string>number dup { 1 2 3 } member?
[ drop "Invalid move." print get-input ] unless ;
- .remaining ( n -- )
nl [I -~~==[ ${} tokens remaining ]==~~-I] nl nl ;
- .choice ( str n -- )
dup 1 = "" "s" ? [I ${} took ${} token${}I] nl ;
- (round) ( -- )
"You" get-input "Computer" 4 pick - [ .choice ] 2bi@ ;
- round ( n -- n-4 )
dup dup .remaining [ drop (round) 4 - round ] unless-zero ;
- nim-game ( -- ) 12 round drop "Computer wins!" print ;
MAIN: nim-game</lang>
- Output:
-~~==[ 12 tokens remaining ]==~~- Number of tokens to take (1, 2, or 3): 1 You took 1 token Computer took 3 tokens -~~==[ 8 tokens remaining ]==~~- Number of tokens to take (1, 2, or 3): 3 You took 3 tokens Computer took 1 token -~~==[ 4 tokens remaining ]==~~- Number of tokens to take (1, 2, or 3): 4 Invalid move. Number of tokens to take (1, 2, or 3): 2 You took 2 tokens Computer took 2 tokens -~~==[ 0 tokens remaining ]==~~- Computer wins!
Fermat
<lang fermat>heap:=12; while heap>0 do
!!('There are ',heap,' tokens left. How many do you want to take?');
?take;
while take<1 or take>3 or take>heap do
!!('You cannot take that number. Choose again.');
?take;
od;
!!('On my turn I will take ',4-take,' tokens.');
heap:-(4);
od;
!!('I got the last token. Better luck next time!');</lang>
- Output:
There are 12 tokens left. How many do you want to take?>take := 4 You cannot take that number. Choose again. >take := 3 On my turn I will take 1 tokens. There are 8 tokens left. How many do you want to take? >take := 2 On my turn I will take 2 tokens. There are 4 tokens left. How many do you want to take? >take := 2 On my turn I will take 2 tokens.
I got the last token. Better luck next time!
FreeBASIC
<lang freebasic>dim as ubyte heap=12, take
while heap > 0
print using "There are ## tokens remaining. How many would you like to take?"; heap
input take
while take=0 orelse take>3
print "You must take 1, 2, or 3 tokens. How many would you like to take?"
input take
wend
print using "On my turn I will take ## tokens."; 4-take heap = heap - 4
wend
print "I got the last token. I win! Better luck next time."</lang>
Go
<lang go>package main
import (
"bufio" "fmt" "os" "strconv"
)
func showTokens(tokens int) {
fmt.Println("Tokens remaining", tokens, "\n")
}
func main() {
tokens := 12
scanner := bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin)
for {
showTokens(tokens)
fmt.Print(" How many tokens 1, 2 or 3? ")
scanner.Scan()
if scerr := scanner.Err(); scerr != nil {
fmt.Println("Error reading standard input:", scerr)
return
}
t, err := strconv.Atoi(scanner.Text())
if err != nil || t < 1 || t > 3 {
fmt.Println("\nMust be a number between 1 and 3, try again.\n")
} else {
ct := 4 - t
s := "s"
if ct == 1 {
s = ""
}
fmt.Print(" Computer takes ", ct, " token", s, "\n\n")
tokens -= 4
}
if tokens == 0 {
showTokens(0)
fmt.Println(" Computer wins!")
return
}
}
}</lang>
- Output:
Sample game:
Tokens remaining 12 How many tokens 1, 2 or 3? 2 Computer takes 2 tokens Tokens remaining 8 How many tokens 1, 2 or 3? 4 Must be a number between 1 and 3, try again. Tokens remaining 8 How many tokens 1, 2 or 3? 1 Computer takes 3 tokens Tokens remaining 4 How many tokens 1, 2 or 3? 3 Computer takes 1 token Tokens remaining 0 Computer wins!
GW-BASIC
<lang gwbasic>10 HEAP = 12 20 WHILE HEAP>0 30 TAKE = 0 40 PRINT "There are ";HEAP;" tokens left." 50 WHILE TAKE < 1 OR TAKE > 3 OR TAKE > HEAP 60 INPUT "How many would you like to take? ", TAKE 70 IF TAKE = HEAP THEN GOTO 140 80 WEND 90 PRINT "I will take ";4-TAKE;" tokens." 100 HEAP = HEAP - 4 110 WEND 120 PRINT "I got the last token. Better luck next time." 130 END 140 PRINT "You got the last token. Congratulations!" 150 END</lang>
Haskell
<lang haskell>import Data.Char (isDigit, digitToInt) import System.IO
prompt :: String prompt = "How many do you take? 1, 2 or 3? "
getPlayerSelection :: IO Int getPlayerSelection = do
hSetBuffering stdin NoBuffering c <- getChar putChar '\n' if isDigit c && digitToInt c <= 3 then pure (digitToInt c) else do putStrLn "Invalid input" putStr prompt getPlayerSelection
play :: Int -> IO () play n = do
putStrLn $ show n ++ token n ++ " remain."
if n == 0 then putStrLn "Computer Wins!"
else do
putStr prompt
playerSelection <- getPlayerSelection
let computerSelection
| playerSelection > 4 = playerSelection - 4
| otherwise = 4 - playerSelection
putStrLn $ "Computer takes " ++ show computerSelection ++ token computerSelection ++ ".\n"
play (n - computerSelection - playerSelection)
where token 1 = " token"
token _ = " tokens"
main :: IO () main = play 12</lang>
- Output:
12 tokens remain. How many do you take? 1, 2 or 3? 3 Computer takes 1 token. 8 tokens remain. How many do you take? 1, 2 or 3? 2 Computer takes 2 tokens. 4 tokens remain. How many do you take? 1, 2 or 3? 1 Computer takes 3 tokens. 0 tokens remain. Computer Wins!
IS-BASIC
<lang IS-BASIC>100 PROGRAM "Nim.bas" 110 RANDOMIZE 120 CLEAR SCREEN 130 LET TOKENS=12 140 PRINT "Starting with";TOKENS;"tokens.":PRINT 150 DO 160 PRINT "How many tokens will you take? (1-3) "; 170 DO 180 LET K=VAL(INKEY$) 190 LOOP UNTIL K>0 AND K<4 200 LET TOKENS=MAX(TOKENS-K,0):LET G=0 210 PRINT K:PRINT TAB(19);TOKENS;"remainig.":PRINT 220 IF TOKENS>0 THEN 230 LET L=MOD(TOKENS,4) 240 IF L=0 THEN LET L=MIN(RND(3)+1,TOKENS) 250 LET TOKENS=TOKENS-L:LET G=-1 260 PRINT "Computer takes";L;"tokens.";TOKENS;"remaining.":PRINT 270 END IF 280 LOOP WHILE TOKENS>0 290 IF G THEN 300 PRINT "Computer wins!" 310 ELSE 320 PRINT "You win!" 330 END IF</lang>
Java
<lang java> import java.util.Scanner;
public class NimGame {
public static void main(String[] args) {
runGame(12);
}
private static void runGame(int tokens) {
System.out.printf("Nim game.%n%n");
Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);;
do {
boolean humanInputOk = false;
int humanTokens = 0;
while ( ! humanInputOk ) {
System.out.printf("Human takes how many tokens? ");
String input = in.next();
try {
humanTokens = Integer.parseInt(input);
if ( humanTokens >= 1 && humanTokens <= 3 ) {
humanInputOk = true;
}
else {
System.out.printf("Try a number between 1 and 3.%n");
}
}
catch (NumberFormatException e) {
System.out.printf("Invalid input. Try a number between 1 and 3.%n");
}
}
tokens -= humanTokens;
System.out.printf("You take %d token%s.%n%d token%s remaining.%n%n", humanTokens, humanTokens > 1 ? "s" : "", tokens, tokens != 1 ? "s" : "");
if ( tokens == 0 ) {
System.out.printf("You win!!.%n%n");
break;
}
int computerTokens = 4 - humanTokens;
tokens -= computerTokens;
System.out.printf("Computer takes %d token%s.%n%d token%s remaining.%n%n", computerTokens, computerTokens != 1 ? "s" : "", tokens, tokens != 1 ? "s" : "");
if ( tokens == 0 ) {
System.out.printf("Computer wins!!.%n%n");
}
} while (tokens > 0);
in.close(); }
} </lang>
- Output:
Sample game:
Nim game. Human takes how many tokens? nim Invalid input. Try a number between 1 and 3. Human takes how many tokens? 0 Try a number between 1 and 3. Human takes how many tokens? 2 You take 2 tokens. 10 tokens remaining. Computer takes 2 tokens. 8 tokens remaining. Human takes how many tokens? 1 You take 1 token. 7 tokens remaining. Computer takes 3 tokens. 4 tokens remaining. Human takes how many tokens? 3 You take 3 tokens. 1 token remaining. Computer takes 1 token. 0 tokens remaining. Computer wins!!.
JavaScript
Browser Version
This is the easy but dirty way - with prompt for input, and console.log for output. The Nim class was structured so that input and output could be customized, for example to use HTML DOM elements for in and out, instead of the terminal. <lang Javascript> class Nim { constructor(tokens, printFun) { this.startTokens = tokens; this.tokens = tokens; this.printFun = printFun; }
playerTurn(take) { take = Math.round(take);
if (take < 1 || take > 3) { this.printFun("take must be between 1 and 3.\n") return false; } this.tokens -= take; this.printFun("Player takes " + take + " tokens."); this.printRemaining()
if (this.tokens === 0) { this.printFun("Player wins!\n"); } return true; }
computerTurn() { let take = this.tokens % 4; this.tokens -= take; this.printFun("Computer takes " + take + " tokens."); this.printRemaining();
if (this.tokens === 0) { this.printFun("Computer wins.\n"); }
}
printRemaining() { this.printFun(this.tokens + " tokens remaining.\n"); } }
let game = new Nim(12, console.log);
while (true) {
if (game.playerTurn(parseInt(prompt("How many tokens would you like to take?")))){
game.computerTurn();
}
if (game.tokens == 0) {
break;
}
}
</lang>
- Output:
Sample game:
(prompt) How many tokens would you like to take? 2 Player takes 2 tokens. 10 tokens remaining. Computer takes 2 tokens. 8 tokens remaining. (prompt) How many tokens would you like to take? 4 take must be between 1 and 3. (prompt) How many tokens would you like to take? 0 take must be between 1 and 3. (prompt) How many tokens would you like to take? 3 Player takes 3 tokens. 5 tokens remaining. Computer takes 1 tokens. 4 tokens remaining. (prompt) How many tokens would you like to take? 1 Player takes 1 tokens. 3 tokens remaining. Computer takes 3 tokens. 0 tokens remaining. Computer wins.
Julia
<lang julia>function nimgame()
tcount = 12
takenum = 0
while true
while true
permitted = collect(1:min(3,tcount))
println("$tcount tokens remain.\nHow many do you take ($permitted)? ")
takenum = parse(Int, strip(readline(stdin)))
if takenum in permitted
break
end
end
tcount -= 4
println("Computer takes $(4 - takenum). There are $tcount tokens left.")
if tcount < 1
println("Computer wins as expected.")
break
end
end
end
nimgame()
</lang>
- Output:
12 tokens remain. How many do you take ([1, 2, 3])? 3 Computer takes 1. There are 8 tokens left. 8 tokens remain. How many do you take ([1, 2, 3])? 2 Computer takes 2. There are 4 tokens left. 4 tokens remain. How many do you take ([1, 2, 3])? 1 Computer takes 3. There are 0 tokens left. Computer wins as expected.
Kotlin
<lang scala>// Version 1.3.21
fun showTokens(tokens: Int) {
println("Tokens remaining $tokens\n")
}
fun main() {
var tokens = 12
while (true) {
showTokens(tokens)
print(" How many tokens 1, 2 or 3? ")
var t = readLine()!!.toIntOrNull()
if (t == null || t < 1 || t > 3) {
println("\nMust be a number between 1 and 3, try again.\n")
} else {
var ct = 4 - t
var s = if (ct > 1) "s" else ""
println(" Computer takes $ct token$s\n")
tokens -= 4
}
if (tokens == 0) {
showTokens(0)
println(" Computer wins!")
return
}
}
}</lang>
- Output:
Sample game:
Tokens remaining 12 How many tokens 1, 2 or 3? 3 Computer takes 1 token Tokens remaining 8 How many tokens 1, 2 or 3? nim Must be a number between 1 and 3, try again. Tokens remaining 8 How many tokens 1, 2 or 3? 2 Computer takes 2 tokens Tokens remaining 4 How many tokens 1, 2 or 3? 1 Computer takes 3 tokens Tokens remaining 0 Computer wins!
Lua
<lang Lua> tokens = 12
print("Nim Game\n") print("Starting with " .. tokens .. " tokens.\n\n")
function printRemaining() print(tokens .. " tokens remaining.\n") end
function playerTurn(take) take = math.floor(take) if (take < 1 or take > 3) then print ("\nTake must be between 1 and 3.\n") return false end
tokens = tokens - take
print ("\nPlayer takes " .. take .. " tokens.") printRemaining() return true end
function computerTurn() take = tokens % 4 tokens = tokens - take
print("Computer takes " .. take .. " tokens.") printRemaining() end
while (tokens > 0) do io.write("How many tokens would you like to take?: ") if playerTurn(io.read("*n")) then computerTurn() end end
print ("Computer wins.") </lang>
- Output:
Sample game output:
Nim Game Starting with 12 tokens. How many tokens would you like to take?: 3 Player takes 3 tokens. 9 tokens remaining. Computer takes 1 tokens. 8 tokens remaining. How many tokens would you like to take?: 4 Take must be between 1 and 3. How many tokens would you like to take?: 1 Player takes 1 tokens. 7 tokens remaining. Computer takes 3 tokens. 4 tokens remaining. How many tokens would you like to take?: 2 Player takes 2 tokens. 2 tokens remaining. Computer takes 2 tokens. 0 tokens remaining. Computer wins.
Mathematica/Wolfram Language
<lang Mathematica>n = 12; While[n > 0,
c = ChoiceDialog["Current amount = " <> ToString[n] <> "\nHow many do you want to pick?", {1 -> 1, 2 -> 2, 3 -> 3}];
n -= c;
ChoiceDialog["Current amount = " <> ToString[n] <> "\nComputer takes " <> ToString[4 - c]];
n -= (4 - c);
]
ChoiceDialog["Current amount = " <> ToString[n] <> "\n You lost!"]</lang>
MiniScript
<lang MiniScript>tokens = 12
print "Nim Game" print "Starting with " + tokens + " tokens." print
printRemaining = function() print tokens + " tokens remaining." print end function
playerTurn = function(take) take = floor(val(take)) if take < 1 or take > 3 then print "Take must be between 1 and 3." return false end if
globals.tokens = tokens - take
print "Player takes " + take + " tokens." printRemaining return true end function
computerTurn = function() take = tokens % 4 globals.tokens = tokens - take
print "Computer takes " + take + " tokens." printRemaining end function
while tokens > 0 if playerTurn(input("How many tokens would you like to take? ")) then computerTurn end if end while
print "Computer wins."</lang>
- Output:
Nim Game Starting with 12 tokens. How many tokens would you like to take? 0 Take must be between 1 and 3. How many tokens would you like to take? 1 Player takes 1 tokens. 11 tokens remaining. Computer takes 3 tokens. 8 tokens remaining. How many tokens would you like to take? 2 Player takes 2 tokens. 6 tokens remaining. Computer takes 2 tokens. 4 tokens remaining. How many tokens would you like to take? 2 Player takes 2 tokens. 2 tokens remaining. Computer takes 2 tokens. 0 tokens remaining. Computer wins.
Nim
<lang nim>import strutils import terminal
var tokens = 12
styledEcho(styleBright, "Nim in Nim\n")
proc echoTokens() =
styledEcho(styleBright, "Tokens remaining: ", resetStyle, $tokens, "\n")
proc player() =
var take = '0'
styledEcho(styleBright, "- Your turn -")
echo "How many tokens will you take?"
while true:
stdout.styledWrite(styleDim, "Take (1–3): ", resetStyle)
take = getch()
stdout.write(take, '\n')
if take in {'1'..'3'}:
tokens -= parseInt($take)
break
else:
echo "Please choose a number between 1 and 3."
echoTokens()
proc computer() =
styledEcho(styleBright, "- Computer's turn -")
let take = tokens mod 4
tokens -= take
styledEcho("Computer took ", styleBright, $take, " ",
if take == 1: "token"
else: "tokens")
echoTokens()
while tokens > 0:
player() computer()
styledEcho(styleBright, "Computer wins!")</lang>
- Output:
- Your turn - How many tokens will you take? Take (1–3): 1 Tokens remaining: 11 - Computer's turn - Computer took 3 tokens Tokens remaining: 8 - Your turn - How many tokens will you take? Take (1–3): 2 Tokens remaining: 6 - Computer's turn - Computer took 2 tokens Tokens remaining: 4 - Your turn - How many tokens will you take? Take (1–3): 3 Tokens remaining: 1 - Computer's turn - Computer took 1 token Tokens remaining: 0 Computer wins!
OCaml
<lang ocaml>let rec player_turn () =
print_string "How many tokens would you like to take? "; let n = read_int_opt () |> Option.value ~default:0 in if n >= 1 && n <= 3 then n else ( print_endline "Number must be between 1 and 3"; player_turn ())
let computer_turn tokens = tokens mod 4
let plural_suffix = function 1 -> "" | _ -> "s"
let turn_report prefix taken tokens =
Printf.printf "%s %d token%s.\n%d token%s remaining.\n%!" prefix taken (plural_suffix taken) tokens (plural_suffix tokens)
let rec play_game tokens =
let player_tokens = player_turn () in let tokens = tokens - player_tokens in turn_report "You take" player_tokens tokens; let computer_tokens = computer_turn tokens in let tokens = tokens - computer_tokens in turn_report "Computer takes" computer_tokens tokens; if tokens = 0 then print_endline "Computer wins!" else play_game tokens
let () = play_game 12</lang>
- Output:
How many tokens would you like to take? 3 You take 3 tokens. 9 tokens remaining. Computer takes 1 token. 8 tokens remaining. How many tokens would you like to take? 3 You take 3 tokens. 5 tokens remaining. Computer takes 1 token. 4 tokens remaining. How many tokens would you like to take? 3 You take 3 tokens. 1 token remaining. Computer takes 1 token. 0 tokens remaining. Computer wins!
Perl
<lang perl>use strict; use warnings; use feature 'say';
my $tokens = 12; say "$tokens tokens remaining.\n";
while (1) {
print "How many tokens do you want to remove; 1, 2 or 3? : ";
(my $player = <>) =~ s/\s//g;
say "Nice try. $tokens tokens remaining.\n" and next
unless $player =~ /^[123]$/;
$tokens -= 4;
say "Computer takes @{[4 - $player]}.\n$tokens tokens remaining.\n";
say "Computer wins." and last
if $tokens <= 0;
}</lang>
- Output:
12 tokens remaining. How many tokens do you want to remove; 1, 2 or 3? : 3 Computer takes 1. 8 tokens remaining. How many tokens do you want to remove; 1, 2 or 3? : -1 Nice try. 8 tokens remaining. How many tokens do you want to remove; 1, 2 or 3? : 2 Computer takes 2. 4 tokens remaining. How many tokens do you want to remove; 1, 2 or 3? : 1 Computer takes 3. 0 tokens remaining. Computer wins.
Phix
without js -- getc integer tokens = 12, player = 0 while true do printf(1,"%2d tokens remaining. ",tokens) if tokens=0 then printf(1,"Computer wins.\n") exit end if printf(1,"How many tokens do you want to remove; 1, 2, or 3?:") while player<1 or player>3 do player=getc(0)-'0' end while printf(1,"%d. Computer takes %d.\n",{player,4-player}) tokens -= 4; player = 0 end while
- Output:
12 tokens remaining. How many tokens do you want to remove; 1, 2, or 3?:1. Computer takes 3. 8 tokens remaining. How many tokens do you want to remove; 1, 2, or 3?:2. Computer takes 2. 4 tokens remaining. How many tokens do you want to remove; 1, 2, or 3?:3. Computer takes 1. 0 tokens remaining. Computer wins.
Plain English
<lang plainenglish>To run: Start up. Play the game of Nim. Write "The computer wins! Press esc to exit." on the console. Wait for the escape key. Shut down.
A piece is a number.
To play the game of Nim: Put 12 into a piece count. Loop. If the piece count is 0, exit. Write "There are " then the piece count then " pieces remaining." on the console. Ask the player to take some pieces. Subtract the pieces from the piece count. Ask the computer to take some other pieces given the pieces. Subtract the other pieces from the piece count. Repeat.
To ask the player to take some pieces: Write "Would you like to take 1, 2, or 3 pieces? " on the console without advancing. Read a count from the console. If the count is not between 1 and 3, repeat. Format the count and "piece" or "pieces" into a string. Write "You took " then the string then "." on the console. Put the count into the pieces.
To ask the computer to take some pieces given some other pieces: Put 4 minus the other pieces into a count. Format the count and "piece" or "pieces" into a string. Write "The computer took " then the string then "." on the console. Put the count into the pieces.</lang>
- Output:
There are 12 pieces remaining. Would you like to take 1, 2, or 3 pieces? apple Would you like to take 1, 2, or 3 pieces? 4 Would you like to take 1, 2, or 3 pieces? 2 You took 2 pieces. The computer took 2 pieces. There are 8 pieces remaining. Would you like to take 1, 2, or 3 pieces? 3 You took 3 pieces. The computer took 1 piece. There are 4 pieces remaining. Would you like to take 1, 2, or 3 pieces? 1 You took 1 piece. The computer took 3 pieces. The computer wins! Press esc to exit.
Prolog
<lang prolog>nim :- next_turn(12), !.
next_turn(N) :- % Player Turn format('How many dots would you like to take? '), read_line_to_codes(user_input, Line), number_codes(PlayerGuess, Line), member(PlayerGuess,[1,2,3]), N1 is N - PlayerGuess, format('You take ~d dots~n~d dots remaining.~n~n', [PlayerGuess, N1]),
% Computer Turn CompGuess is 4 - PlayerGuess, N2 is N1 - CompGuess, format('Computer takes ~d dots~n~d dots remaining.~n~n', [CompGuess, N2]), ( N2 = 0 -> format('Computer wins!') ; next_turn(N2) ).</lang>
- Output:
?- nim. How many dots would you like to take? 2 You take 2 dots 10 dots remaining. Computer takes 2 dots 8 dots remaining. How many dots would you like to take? 3 You take 3 dots 5 dots remaining. Computer takes 1 dots 4 dots remaining. How many dots would you like to take? 1 You take 1 dots 3 dots remaining. Computer takes 3 dots 0 dots remaining. Computer wins! true. ?-
Python
Works on Python 3 <lang Python> print("Py Nim\n")
def getTokens(curTokens): global tokens
print("How many tokens would you like to take? ", end=) take = int(input())
if (take < 1 or take > 3): print("Number must be between 1 and 3.\n") getTokens(curTokens) return
tokens = curTokens - take print(f'You take {take} tokens.') print(f'{tokens} tokens remaining.\n')
def compTurn(curTokens): global tokens
take = curTokens % 4 tokens = curTokens - take print (f'Computer takes {take} tokens.') print (f'{tokens} tokens remaining.\n')
tokens = 12
while (tokens > 0):
getTokens(tokens)
compTurn(tokens)
print("Computer wins!") </lang>
- Output:
Py Nim How many tokens would you like to take? 2 You take 2 tokens. 10 tokens remaining. Computer takes 2 tokens. 8 tokens remaining. How many tokens would you like to take? 1 You take 1 tokens. 7 tokens remaining. Computer takes 3 tokens. 4 tokens remaining. How many tokens would you like to take? 3 You take 3 tokens. 1 tokens remaining. Computer takes 1 tokens. 0 tokens remaining. Computer wins!
R
<lang R>## Nim game
tokens <- 12
while(tokens > 0) {
print(paste("Tokens remaining:",tokens))
playertaken <- 0
while(playertaken == 0) {
playeropts <- c(1:min(c(tokens,3)))
playertaken <- menu(playeropts, title = "Your go, how many tokens will you take? ")
tokens <- tokens - playertaken
if(tokens == 0) {print("Well done you won, that shouldn't be possible!")}
}
cputaken <- 4 - playertaken
tokens <- tokens - cputaken
print(paste("I take",cputaken,"tokens,",tokens,"remain"))
if(tokens == 0) {print("I win!")}
} </lang>
- Output:
[1] "Tokens remaining: 12" Your go, how many tokens will you take? 1: 1 2: 2 3: 3 Selection: 3 [1] "I take 1 tokens, 8 remain" [1] "Tokens remaining: 8" Your go, how many tokens will you take? 1: 1 2: 2 3: 3 Selection: 3 [1] "I take 1 tokens, 4 remain" [1] "Tokens remaining: 4" Your go, how many tokens will you take? 1: 1 2: 2 3: 3 Selection: 3 [1] "I take 1 tokens, 0 remain" [1] "I win!"
Racket
<lang racket>
- lang racket
(define (print-remaining tokens-remaining)
(printf "~a tokens remain.\n" tokens-remaining))
(define (read-tokens)
(define num (read))
(cond
[(and (natural? num) (< num 4)) num]
[else
(display "Please enter a number between 1 to 3\n")
(read-tokens)]))
(define (pturn tokens-remaining)
(cond
[(not (zero? tokens-remaining))
(print-remaining tokens-remaining)
(display "Your turn. How many tokens? ")
(define n (read-tokens))
(cturn (- tokens-remaining n) n)]
[else (display "Computer wins!")]))
(define (cturn tokens-remaining p-took)
(cond
[(not (zero? tokens-remaining))
(print-remaining tokens-remaining)
(define c-take (- 4 p-took))
(printf "Computer takes ~a tokens\n" c-take)
(pturn (- tokens-remaining c-take))]
[else (display "You win!")]))
(pturn 12) </lang>
Raku
(formerly Perl 6)
<lang perl6>say my $tokens = 12, " tokens remaining.\n";
loop {
my $player = trim prompt "How many tokens do you want to remove; 1, 2 or 3? : ";
say "Nice try. $tokens tokens remaining.\n" and
next unless $player eq any <1 2 3>;
$tokens -= 4;
say "Computer takes {4 - $player}.\n$tokens tokens remaining.\n";
say "Computer wins." and last if $tokens <= 0;
}</lang>
- Sample output:
12 tokens remaining. How many tokens do you want to remove; 1, 2 or 3? : 3 Computer takes 1. 8 tokens remaining. How many tokens do you want to remove; 1, 2 or 3? : 6 Nice try. 8 tokens remaining. How many tokens do you want to remove; 1, 2 or 3? : G Nice try. 8 tokens remaining. How many tokens do you want to remove; 1, 2 or 3? : 2 Computer takes 2. 4 tokens remaining. How many tokens do you want to remove; 1, 2 or 3? : 1 Computer takes 3. 0 tokens remaining. Computer wins.
Red
<lang red>Red [
date: 2021-10-24 version: 0.6.4 summary: "Demonstrate the game of Nim in Red for Rosetta Code"
]
take-tokens: function [
"Ask the user to take between 1 and 3 tokens."
][
forever [
n: trim ask "Would you like to take 1, 2, or 3 tokens (q to quit)? "
if n = "q" [quit]
n: try [to-integer n]
case [
not integer? n [print "Please enter an integer."]
any [n < 1 n > 3] [print "Please enter a number between 1 and 3."]
true [return n]
]
]
]
tokens: 12 while [tokens > 0][
print ["There are" tokens "tokens remaining."] n: take-tokens print ["You took" n "tokens."] tokens: tokens - n print ["Computer takes" 4 - n "tokens."] tokens: subtract tokens subtract 4 n
] print "Computer wins!"</lang>
- Output:
There are 12 tokens remaining. Would you like to take 1, 2, or 3 tokens (q to quit)? 2 You took 2 tokens. Computer takes 2 tokens. There are 8 tokens remaining. Would you like to take 1, 2, or 3 tokens (q to quit)? 3 You took 3 tokens. Computer takes 1 tokens. There are 4 tokens remaining. Would you like to take 1, 2, or 3 tokens (q to quit)? 4 Please enter a number between 1 and 3. Would you like to take 1, 2, or 3 tokens (q to quit)? apple Please enter an integer. Would you like to take 1, 2, or 3 tokens (q to quit)? 1 You took 1 tokens. Computer takes 3 tokens. Computer wins!
REXX
Programming notes: extra error checking was done with specific informative error messages. Also included was a method of quitting the game. The number of (starting) tokens (the pot) can be specified on the command line, the default is 12. <lang rexx>/*REXX program plays the NIM game with a human opponent; the pot size can be specified. */ parse arg pot _ . 1 __ /*obtain optional argument from the CL.*/ if pot== | pot=="," then pot= 12 /*Not specified? Then use the default.*/ if _\== then do; call ser "Too many arguments entered: " __; exit 13; end if \isNum(pot) then do; call ser "argument isn't numeric: " pot; exit 13; end if \isInt(pot) then do; call ser "argument isn't an integer: " pot; exit 13; end if pot<4 then do; call ser "The pot number is too small: " pot; exit 13; end if pot>100 then do; call ser "The pot number is too large: " pot; exit 13; end pad= copies('─', 8) /*literal used as an eyecatcher in msgs*/ pot= pot/1 /*normalize the pot (number). */ t= pot//4 if pot>12 & t\==0 then do; say pad 'The computer takes ' t " token"s(t).
pot= pot - t
end
do forever; call show pot
do until ok; ok= 1; say
say pad "How many tokens do you want to take away (1, 2, or 3) (or QUIT)?"
parse pull t _ . 1 q 1 __; upper q; say
if abbrev('QUIT',q,1) then do; say pad 'Quitting.'; exit 1; end
if t= then call ser "No arguments entered."
if _\== then call ser "Too many arguments entered: " __
if \isNum(t) then call ser "Argument isn't numeric: " t
if \isInt(t) then call ser "Argument isn't an integer: " t
if t<1 then call ser "Argument can't be less than 1: " t
if t>3 then call ser "Argument can't be greater than 3: " t
end /*while*/
t= t/1 /*Normalize the number: 001 2. +3 */
#= max(1, 4-t) /*calculate the computer's take─away. */
say pad 'The computer takes ' # " token"s(#).
pot= pot - t - # /*calculate the number of tokens in pot*/
if pot==0 then do; say pad 'No tokens left.' /*No tokens left in the pot? */
say pad "The computer wins!" /*Display a braggart message.*/
exit /*exit this computer program.*/
end
end /*forever*/ /*keep looping until there's a winner. */
exit /*stick a fork in it, we're all done. */ /*──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/ isNum: return datatype( arg(1), 'N') /*verify that the arg is a number. */ isInt: return datatype( arg(1), 'W') /* " " " " " an integer. */ show: say; say pad "Tokens remaining: " arg(1)' ' pad; say; return s: if arg(1)==1 then return arg(3); return word(arg(2) 's',1) ser: if ok then say pad '***error***' arg(1); ok= 0; return</lang>
- output when using the default input:
──────── Tokens remaining: 12 ──────── ──────── How many tokens do you want to take away (1, 2, or 3) (or QUIT)? 2 ◄■■■■■■■■■■■ user input ──────── The computer takes 2 tokens. ──────── Tokens remaining: 8 ──────── ──────── How many tokens do you want to take away (1, 2, or 3) (or QUIT)? 3 ◄■■■■■■■■■■■ user input ──────── The computer takes 1 token. ──────── Tokens remaining: 4 ──────── ──────── How many tokens do you want to take away (1, 2, or 3) (or QUIT)? 1 ◄■■■■■■■■■■■ user input ──────── The computer takes 3 tokens. ──────── No tokens left. ──────── The computer wins!
Ring
<lang ring>
- Project : CalmoSoft Nim Game
- Date : 16/04/2020-13:27:07
- Update : 31/03/2021-19:41:09
- Author : Gal Zsolt (~ CalmoSoft ~)
- Email : <calmosoft@gmail.com>
load "stdlib.ring" load "guilib.ring"
limit = 4 limit1 = 1 limit2 = 3 limit3 = 5 limit4 = 7
match1 = limit1 match2 = limit2 match3 = limit3 match4 = limit4
move1 = 0 move2 = 0 move3 = 0 move4 = 0
Button1 = list(limit1) Button2 = list(limit2) Button3 = list(limit3) Button4 = list(limit4)
pcMove = 0
width = 60 height = 60
yourScore = 0 pcScore = 0
C_FONTSIZE = 15 C_NIM = "images/nim.jpg" C_COMPUTER = "images/computer.jpg" C_PROGRAMMER = "images/programmer.jpg"
app = new qApp {
win = new qWidget() {
app.StyleFusionBlack()
setWindowTitle('CalmoSoft Nim Game') setWinIcon(self,"images/nim.jpg") setWindowFlags(Qt_SplashScreen | Qt_CustomizeWindowHint) reSize(620,460)
for Col = 1 to limit1
Button1[Col] = new QPushButton(win) {
y = 230+(Col-1)*height
setgeometry(y+10,70,width,height)
setSizePolicy(1,1)
seticon(new qicon(new qpixmap(C_NIM)))
setIconSize(new qSize(60,60))
}
next
for Col = 1 to limit2
Button2[Col] = new QPushButton(win) {
y = 170+(Col-1)*height
setgeometry(y+10,150,width,height)
setSizePolicy(1,1)
seticon(new qicon(new qpixmap(C_NIM)))
setIconSize(new qSize(60,60))
}
next
for Col = 1 to limit3
Button3[Col] = new QPushButton(win) {
y = 110+(Col-1)*height
setgeometry(y+10,230,width,height)
setSizePolicy(1,1)
seticon(new qicon(new qpixmap(C_NIM)))
setIconSize(new qSize(60,60))
}
next
for Col = 1 to limit4
Button4[Col] = new QPushButton(win) {
y = 50+(Col-1)*height
setgeometry(y+10,310,width,height)
setSizePolicy(1,1)
seticon(new qicon(new qpixmap(C_NIM)))
setIconSize(new qSize(60,60))
}
next
Row1 = new QPushButton(win) {
setgeometry(500,70,width,height)
setStyleSheet("color:Black;background-color:Orange")
setSizePolicy(1,1)
setclickevent("deleteRow1()")
settext("Row1") }
Row2 = new QPushButton(win) {
setgeometry(500,150,width,height)
setStyleSheet("color:Black;background-color:Orange")
setSizePolicy(1,1)
setclickevent("deleteRow2()")
settext("Row2") }
Row3 = new QPushButton(win) {
setgeometry(500,230,width,height)
setStyleSheet("color:Black;background-color:Orange")
setSizePolicy(1,1)
setclickevent("deleteRow3()")
settext("Row3") }
Row4 = new QPushButton(win) {
setgeometry(500,310,width,height)
setStyleSheet("color:Black;background-color:Orange")
setSizePolicy(1,1)
setclickevent("deleteRow4()")
settext("Row4") }
labelYourScore = new QLabel(win) { setgeometry(60,20,150,30) setFont(new qFont("Verdana",C_FONTSIZE,50,0))
settext("Your score: 0") }
labelComputerScore = new QLabel(win) { setgeometry(350,20,150,30) setFont(new qFont("Verdana",C_FONTSIZE,50,0))
settext("PC score: 0") }
btnNewGame = new QPushButton(win) { setgeometry(60,400,80,30) setFont(new qFont("Verdana",C_FONTSIZE,50,0))
settext("New")
setclickevent("newGame()") }
btnExit = new QPushButton(win) { setgeometry(400,400,80,30) setFont(new qFont("Verdana",C_FONTSIZE,50,0))
settext("Exit")
setclickevent("pQuit()") }
btnPcMove = new QPushButton(win) { setgeometry(200,400,140,30) setFont(new qFont("Verdana",C_FONTSIZE,50,0))
settext("PC move")
setclickevent("pcMove()") }
show() } exec()
}
func deleteRow1()
if move2 = 1 or move3 = 1 or move4 = 1
move1 = 0
return
else
move1 = 1
ok
if (match1 > 0) and (move1 = 1)
if pcMove = 1
Button1[match1] { seticon(new qicon(new qpixmap(C_COMPUTER)))
setIconSize(new qSize(55,55))
setenabled(false) }
match1 = match1 - 1
move1 = 0
ok
if pcMove = 0
Button1[match1] { seticon(new qicon(new qpixmap(C_PROGRAMMER)))
setIconSize(new qSize(55,55))
setenabled(false) }
match1 = match1 - 1
ok
gameOver()
ok
func deleteRow2()
if move1 = 1 or move3 = 1 or move4 = 1
move2 = 0
return
else
move2 = 1
ok
if match2 > 0 and move2 = 1
if pcMove = 1
Button2[match2] { seticon(new qicon(new qpixmap(C_COMPUTER)))
setIconSize(new qSize(55,55))
setenabled(false) }
match2 = match2 - 1
move2 = 0
ok
if pcMove = 0
Button2[match2] { seticon(new qicon(new qpixmap(C_PROGRAMMER)))
setIconSize(new qSize(55,55))
setenabled(false) }
match2 = match2 - 1
ok
gameOver()
ok
func deleteRow3()
if move1 = 1 or move2 = 1 or move4 = 1
move3 = 0
return
else
move3 = 1
ok
if match3 > 0 and move3 = 1
if pcMove = 1
Button3[match3] { seticon(new qicon(new qpixmap(C_COMPUTER)))
setIconSize(new qSize(55,55))
setenabled(false) }
match3 = match3 - 1
move3 = 0
ok
if pcMove = 0
Button3[match3] { seticon(new qicon(new qpixmap(C_PROGRAMMER)))
setIconSize(new qSize(55,55))
setenabled(false) }
match3 = match3 - 1
ok
gameOver()
ok
func deleteRow4()
if move1 = 1 or move2 = 1 or move3 = 1
move4 = 0
return
else
move4 = 1
ok
if match4 > 0 and move4 = 1
if pcMove = 1
Button4[match4] { seticon(new qicon(new qpixmap(C_COMPUTER)))
setIconSize(new qSize(55,55))
setenabled(false) }
match4 = match4 - 1
move4 = 0
ok
if pcMove = 0
Button4[match4] { seticon(new qicon(new qpixmap(C_PROGRAMMER)))
setIconSize(new qSize(55,55))
setenabled(false) }
match4 = match4 - 1
ok
gameOver()
ok
func pcMove()
move1 = 0
move2 = 0
move3 = 0
move4 = 0
pcMove = 1
for n = 1 to limit
if match1 > 0
rnd = random(match1-1)+1
for m = 1 to rnd
deleteRow1()
next
exit
ok
if match2 > 0
rnd = random(match2-1)+1
for m = 1 to rnd
deleteRow2()
next
exit
ok
if match3 > 0
rnd = random(match3-1)+1
for m = 1 to rnd
deleteRow3()
next
exit
ok
if match4 > 0
rnd = random(match4-1)+1
for m = 1 to rnd
deleteRow4()
next
exit
ok
next
pcMove = 0
func gameOver()
if (match1 = 0) and (match2 = 0) and (match3 = 0) and (match4 = 0)
if pcMove = 0
pcScore = pcScore + 1
labelComputerScore.settext("PC score: " + string(pcScore))
msgBox("Game Over! You Lost!")
else
yourScore = yourScore + 1
labelYourScore.settext("Your score: " + string(yourScore))
msgBox("Game Over! You Win!")
ok
ok
func newGame()
match1 = limit1
match2 = limit2
match3 = limit3
match4 = limit4
move1 = 0
move2 = 0
move3 = 0
move4 = 0
pcMove = 0
for Col = 1 to limit1
Button1[Col] = new QPushButton(win) {
y = 230+(Col-1)*height
setgeometry(y+10,70,width,height)
setSizePolicy(1,1)
seticon(new qicon(new qpixmap(C_NIM)))
setIconSize(new qSize(60,60))
show()
}
next
for Col = 1 to limit2
Button2[Col] = new QPushButton(win) {
y = 170+(Col-1)*height
setgeometry(y+10,150,width,height)
setSizePolicy(1,1)
seticon(new qicon(new qpixmap(C_NIM)))
setIconSize(new qSize(60,60))
show()
}
next
for Col = 1 to limit3
Button3[Col] = new QPushButton(win) {
y = 110+(Col-1)*height
setgeometry(y+10,230,width,height)
setSizePolicy(1,1)
seticon(new qicon(new qpixmap(C_NIM)))
setIconSize(new qSize(60,60))
show()
}
next
for Col = 1 to limit4
Button4[Col] = new QPushButton(win) {
y = 50+(Col-1)*height
setgeometry(y+10,310,width,height)
setSizePolicy(1,1)
seticon(new qicon(new qpixmap(C_NIM)))
setIconSize(new qSize(60,60))
show()
}
next
func msgBox(cText)
mb = new qMessageBox(win) {
setWindowTitle('CalmoSoft Nim Game') setText(cText)
setstandardbuttons(QMessageBox_OK)
result = exec()
}
func pQuit()
win.close()
app.Quit()
</lang>
Necessary image files:
Images file
Output:
Nim Game - video
Ruby
<lang ruby>[12, 8, 4].each do |remaining|
puts "There are #{remaining} dots.\nHow many dots would you like to take? "
unless (num=gets.to_i).between?(1, 3)
puts "Please enter one of 1, 2 or 3"
redo
end
puts "You took #{num} dots, leaving #{remaining-num}.\nComputer takes #{4-num}.\n\n"
end
puts "Computer took the last and wins." </lang>
- Output:
There are 12 dots. How many dots would you like to take? foo Please enter one of 1, 2 or 3 There are 12 dots. How many dots would you like to take? 1 You took 1 dots, leaving 11. Computer takes 3. There are 8 dots. How many dots would you like to take? 3 You took 3 dots, leaving 5. Computer takes 1. There are 4 dots. How many dots would you like to take? 2 You took 2 dots, leaving 2. Computer takes 2. Computer took the last and wins.
Rust
<lang rust> fn main() {
let mut tokens = 12;
println!("Nim game");
println!("Starting with {} tokens.", tokens);
println!("");
loop {
tokens = p_turn(&tokens);
print_remaining(&tokens);
tokens = c_turn(&tokens);
print_remaining(&tokens);
if tokens == 0 {
println!("Computer wins!");
break;
}
}
}
fn p_turn(tokens: &i32) -> i32 {
loop { //try until we get a good number
println!("How many tokens would you like to take?");
let mut take = String::new();
io::stdin().read_line(&mut take)
.expect("Sorry, I didn't understand that.");
let take: i32 = match take.trim().parse() {
Ok(num) => num,
Err(_) => {
println!("Invalid input");
println!("");
continue;
}
};
if take > 3 || take < 1 {
println!("Take must be between 1 and 3.");
println!("");
continue;
}
return tokens - take;
}
}
fn c_turn(tokens: &i32) -> i32 {
let take = tokens % 4;
println!("Computer takes {} tokens.", take);
return tokens - take;
}
fn print_remaining(tokens: &i32) {
println!("{} tokens remaining.", tokens);
println!("");
} </lang>
- Output:
sample game:
Nim game Starting with 12 tokens. How many tokens would you like to take? foo Invalid input How many tokens would you like to take? 3 9 tokens remaining. Computer takes 1 tokens. 8 tokens remaining. How many tokens would you like to take? 5 Take must be between 1 and 3. How many tokens would you like to take? 2 6 tokens remaining. Computer takes 2 tokens. 4 tokens remaining. How many tokens would you like to take? 1 3 tokens remaining. Computer takes 3 tokens. 0 tokens remaining. Computer wins!
S-Basic
<lang basic> $constant maxtokens = 12 $constant machine = 0 $constant human = 1 $constant false = 0 $constant true = 0FFFFH
procedure welcome
print "Welcome to the Game of Nim." print "We begin with";maxtokens;" tokens. On each turn, a player" print "may take between 1 and 3 tokens. The player who takes the" print "last token wins." print
end
procedure show(n = integer)
var i = integer print "Available tokens:";n;" "; rem - provide a visual display for i = 1 to n print "o "; next i print
end
function getnum(lowlim, toplim = integer) = integer
var ok, n = integer
repeat
begin
input "You take:";n
if n < lowlim or n > toplim then
begin
print "Must take between";lowlim;" and";toplim
print "Try again."
ok = false
end
else
ok = true
end
until ok
end = n
function play(player, tokens, taken = integer) = integer
if player = human then
taken = getnum(1,3)
else
taken = 4 - taken
end = taken
procedure report(player = integer)
if player = human then print "You took the last one. You win. Congratulations!" else print "I took the last one, so I win. Sorry about that."
end
var player, tokens, taken = integer
welcome tokens = maxtokens taken = 0 player = human print "You go first." repeat
begin show tokens taken = play(player, tokens, taken) tokens = tokens - taken if player = machine then print "I took:";taken if tokens > 0 then player = 1 - player end
until tokens = 0 report player print "Thanks for playing!"
end </lang>
- Output:
Welcome to the Game of Nim. We begin with 12 tokens. On each turn, a player may take between 1 and 3 tokens. The player who takes the last token wins. You go first. Available tokens: 12 o o o o o o o o o o o o You take:? 4 Must take between 1 and 3 Try again. You take:? 3 Available tokens: 9 o o o o o o o o o I took: 1 Available tokens: 8 o o o o o o o o You take:? 2 Available tokens: 6 o o o o o o I took: 2 Available tokens: 4 o o o o You take:? 1 Available tokens: 3 o o o I took: 3 I took the last one, so I win. Sorry about that. Thanks for playing!
Scala
<lang scala> var tokens = 12
def playerTurn(curTokens: Int): Unit = {
val take = readLine("How many tokens would you like to take? ").toInt
if (take < 1 || take > 3) {
println("Number must be between 1 and 3.")
playerTurn(curTokens)
}
else {
tokens = curTokens - take
println(s"You take $take tokens. $tokens tokens remaining.\n")
}
}
def compTurn(curTokens: Int): Unit = {
val take = curTokens % 4 tokens = curTokens - take println(s"Computer takes $take tokens. $tokens remaining.\n")
}
def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = {
while (tokens > 0)
{
playerTurn(tokens)
compTurn(tokens)
}
println("Computer wins!")
} </lang>
Smalltalk
<lang smalltalk> Object subclass: Nim [
| tokens |
<comment: 'I am a game of nim'>
Nim class >> new [
<category: 'instance creation'>
^(super new) init: 12
]
init: t [
<category: 'instance creation'>
tokens := t.
^self
]
pTurn [
| take |
<category: 'gameplay'>
Transcript nextPutAll: 'How many tokens will you take?: '.
take := (stdin nextLine) asNumber.
((take < 1) | (take > 3))
ifTrue: [Transcript nextPutAll: 'Invalid input';nl;nl. self pTurn]
ifFalse: [tokens := tokens - take]
]
cTurn [
| take |
<category: 'gameplay'>
take := tokens - (4 * (tokens // 4)). "tokens % 4"
Transcript nextPutAll: 'Computer takes '.
take printOn: Transcript.
Transcript nextPutAll: ' tokens';nl.
tokens := tokens - take
]
mainLoop [
<category: 'main loop'>
Transcript nextPutAll: 'Nim game';nl.
Transcript nextPutAll: 'Starting with '.
tokens printOn: Transcript.
Transcript nextPutAll: ' tokens';nl;nl.
1 to: 3 do: [ :n | "The computer always wins on the 3rd turn"
self pTurn.
self printRemaining.
self cTurn.
self printRemaining.
(tokens = 0)
ifTrue:[Transcript nextPutAll: 'Computer wins!';nl. ^0]
]
]
printRemaining [
<category: 'information'>
tokens printOn: Transcript.
Transcript nextPutAll: ' tokens remaining';nl;nl
]
]
g := Nim new. g mainLoop. </lang>
- Output:
sample game:
Nim game Starting with 12 tokens How many tokens will you take?: foo Invalid input How many tokens will you take?: 3 9 tokens remaining Computer takes 1 tokens 8 tokens remaining How many tokens will you take?: 4 Invalid input How many tokens will you take?: 2 6 tokens remaining Computer takes 2 tokens 4 tokens remaining How many tokens will you take?: 1 3 tokens remaining Computer takes 3 tokens 0 tokens remaining Computer wins!
SNOBOL4
<lang snobol4> &TRIM = 1
&DUMP = 1
OUTPUT(.prompt, 9, 'T', '-')
- GETCOUNT() - Get the count of tokens to take.
define('GETCOUNT()I')
:(GETCOUNT.END)
GETCOUNT OUTPUT = 'Enter a number between 1 and 3, blank line to exit.'
- Data input and integrity check loop.
GETCOUNT.LOOP PROMPT = '> '
i = trim(INPUT)
- Abort on nil entry.
eq(size(i), 0) :S(EXIT)
- Check range.
integer(i) :F(GETCOUNT.INVALID)
lt(i, 4) :F(GETCOUNT.INVALID)
gt(i, 0) :F(GETCOUNT.INVALID)
- It all checked out.
GETCOUNT = i :(RETURN)
- An invalid entry was caught.
GETCOUNT.INVALID OUTPUT = 'Invalid number.' :(GETCOUNT.LOOP) GETCOUNT.END
- MAINLINE CODE
MAIN OUTPUT =
OUTPUT = 'The mysterious game of Nim!'
OUTPUT = 'Whoever takes the last token of twelve wins.'
tokens = 12
- MAIN LOOP
MAIN.LOOP OUTPUT =
OUTPUT = 'There are ' tokens ' tokens remaining. How many do you want to take?'
- Player turn.
MAIN.P ptake = getcount()
tokens = tokens - ptake
OUTPUT = 'You selected ' ptake ' tokens leaving ' tokens '.'
lt(tokens, 0) :S(ERROR)
gt(tokens, 12) :S(ERROR)
eq(tokens, 0) :S(MAIN.PWIN)
- Computer turn.
MAIN.C ctake = 4 - ptake
tokens = tokens - ctake
OUTPUT = 'Computer selects ' ctake ' tokens leaving ' tokens '.'
lt(tokens, 0) :S(ERROR)
gt(tokens, 12) :S(ERROR)
eq(tokens, 0) :S(MAIN.CWIN)
:(MAIN.LOOP)
- Player win is impossible. Joke code.
MAIN.PWIN OUTPUT = 'Player wins. This is impossible. You must have cheated.'
OUTPUT = 'Formatting hard drive...' :(ERROR)
- Computer win is inevitable.
MAIN.CWIN OUTPUT = 'Computer wins.' :(EXIT)
- On a routine exit we turn off the variable dump.
- If we exit through an error (like branching to a non-existent label 'ERROR')
- then this code doesn't happen and variables get dumped and the line of the
- failed check getting printed.
EXIT OUTPUT = 'Bye!'
&DUMP = 0
END</lang>
The mysterious game of Nim! Whoever takes the last token of twelve wins. There are 12 tokens remaining. How many do you want to take? Enter a number between 1 and 3, blank line to exit. > 4 Invalid number. > 0 Invalid number. > test Invalid number. > 3 You selected 3 tokens leaving 9. Computer selects 1 tokens leaving 8. There are 8 tokens remaining. How many do you want to take? Enter a number between 1 and 3, blank line to exit. > 2 You selected 2 tokens leaving 6. Computer selects 2 tokens leaving 4. There are 4 tokens remaining. How many do you want to take? Enter a number between 1 and 3, blank line to exit. > 1 You selected 1 tokens leaving 3. Computer selects 3 tokens leaving 0. Computer wins. Bye!
Swift
<lang swift>var tokens = 12
while tokens != 0 {
print("Tokens remaining: \(tokens)\nPlease enter a number between 1 and 3: ", terminator: "")
guard let input = readLine(), let n = Int(input), n >= 1 && n <= 3 else {
fatalError("Invalid input")
}
tokens -= n
if tokens == 0 {
print("You win!")
break }
print("I'll remove \(4 - n) tokens.")
tokens -= 4 - n
if tokens == 0 {
print("I win!")
}
print()
}</lang>
- Output:
Tokens remaining: 12 Please enter a number between 1 and 3: 3 I'll remove 1 tokens. Tokens remaining: 8 Please enter a number between 1 and 3: 2 I'll remove 2 tokens. Tokens remaining: 4 Please enter a number between 1 and 3: 3 I'll remove 1 tokens. I win!
Tiny BASIC
<lang Tiny BASIC>10 LET H = 12 20 PRINT "There are" 30 PRINT H 40 PRINT "tokens remaining. How many would you like to take?" 50 INPUT T 60 IF T > 3 THEN GOTO 170 70 IF T < 1 THEN GOTO 170 80 LET H = H - T 90 IF H = 0 THEN GOTO 190 100 LET T = 4 - T 110 PRINT "I will take" 120 PRINT T 130 PRINT "tokens." 140 LET H = H - T 150 IF H = 0 THEN GOTO 210 160 GOTO 20 170 PRINT "You must take 1, 2, or 3 tokens." 180 GOTO 50 190 PRINT "Congratulations. You got the last token." 200 END 210 PRINT "I got the last token. I win. Better luck next time." 220 END</lang>
True BASIC
<lang qbasic>LET monton = 12 LET llevar = 0
DO WHILE monton > 0
PRINT "Quedan"; monton; "fichas. ¿Cuántas te gustaría tomar";
INPUT llevar
DO WHILE llevar = 0 Or llevar > 3
PRINT "Debes tomar 1, 2, o 3 fichas. ¿Cuántas te gustaría tomar";
INPUT llevar
LOOP
PRINT "Es mi turno, tomaré"; 4-llevar; "ficha(s)." LET monton = monton - 4
LOOP
PRINT SET COLOR 2 PRINT "Obtuve la última ficha. ¡Gané! Mejor suerte la próxima vez." END</lang>
Wren
<lang ecmascript>import "io" for Stdin, Stdout
var showTokens = Fn.new { |tokens| System.print("Tokens remaining %(tokens)\n") }
var tokens = 12 while (true) {
showTokens.call(tokens)
System.write(" How many tokens 1, 2 or 3? ")
Stdout.flush()
var t = Num.fromString(Stdin.readLine())
if (t.type != Num || !t.isInteger || t < 1 || t > 3) {
System.print("\nMust be an integer between 1 and 3, try again.\n")
} else {
var ct = 4 - t
var s = (ct != 1) ? "s" : ""
System.write(" Computer takes %(ct) token%(s)\n\n")
tokens = tokens - 4
}
if (tokens == 0) {
showTokens.call(0)
System.print(" Computer wins!")
break
}
}</lang>
- Output:
Sample game:
Tokens remaining 12 How many tokens 1, 2 or 3? 2 Computer takes 2 tokens Tokens remaining 8 How many tokens 1, 2 or 3? 4 Must be an integer between 1 and 3, try again. Tokens remaining 8 How many tokens 1, 2 or 3? 1 Computer takes 3 tokens Tokens remaining 4 How many tokens 1, 2 or 3? 3 Computer takes 1 token Tokens remaining 0 Computer wins!
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