Interactive programming (repl)
You are encouraged to solve this task according to the task description, using any language you may know.
Many language implementations come with an interactive mode.
This is a command-line interpreter that reads lines from the user and evaluates these lines as statements or expressions.
An interactive mode may also be known as a command mode, a read-eval-print loop (REPL), or a shell.
- Task
Show how to start this mode.
Then, as a small example of its use, interactively create a function of two strings and a separator that returns the strings separated by two concatenated instances of the separator (the 3rd argument).
- Example
f('Rosetta', 'Code', ':')
should return
'Rosetta::Code'
- Note
This task is not about creating your own interactive mode.
8th
8th (like all Forth derivatives) has a built-in interpreter loop. All you need to do to access it is to start 8th:
$ 8th 8th 1.0.2 Linux 64 (f1b7a8c2) ok>
At the "ok> " prompt type in what you want:
ok> : f 2 s:* swap s:+ s:+ ; ok> "Rosetta" "Code" ":" f . cr Rosetta::Code ok>
ACL2
$ acl2 Welcome to Clozure Common Lisp Version 1.7-r14925M (DarwinX8664)! ACL2 Version 4.3 built September 8, 2011 09:08:23. Copyright (C) 2011 University of Texas at Austin ACL2 comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY. This is free software and you are welcome to redistribute it under certain conditions. For details, see the GNU General Public License. Initialized with (INITIALIZE-ACL2 'INCLUDE-BOOK *ACL2-PASS-2-FILES*). See the documentation topic note-4-3 for recent changes. Note: We have modified the prompt in some underlying Lisps to further distinguish it from the ACL2 prompt. ACL2 Version 4.3. Level 1. Cbd "/Users/username/". Distributed books directory "/Users/username/Code/acl2/books/". Type :help for help. Type (good-bye) to quit completely out of ACL2. ACL2 !>(defun f (s1 s2 sep) (concatenate 'string s1 sep sep s2)) Since F is non-recursive, its admission is trivial. We observe that the type of F is described by the theorem (STRINGP (F S1 S2 SEP)). We used the :type-prescription rule STRING-APPEND-LST. Summary Form: ( DEFUN F ...) Rules: ((:TYPE-PRESCRIPTION STRING-APPEND-LST)) Time: 0.01 seconds (prove: 0.00, print: 0.00, other: 0.00) F ACL2 !>(f "Rosetta" "Code" ":") "Rosetta::Code" ACL2 !>(good-bye)
Arturo
➜ $ arturo Arturo (c) 2019-2021 Yanis Zafirópulos # v/0.9.6.5 b/1097 @ 2021-02-09T16:40:43+01:00 # arch: amd64/macosx # Type info 'symbol for info about a specific symbol or built-in function # Type help to get a list of all available functions with a short description # For multi-line input, just add a blank space at the end of a line # Launching interactive console - rock on! 🤘 $> f: function [x y sep]-> x ++ (repeat sep 2) ++ y $> f "Rosetta" "Code" ":" => Rosetta::Code $>
BASIC
This was tested with SAM BASIC, but it should work with most Basic interpreters.
A Basic interpreter is in command mode by default. Enter the following in command mode: <lang qbasic>10 DEF FN f$(a$, b$, s$) = a$+s$+s$+b$ PRINT FN f$("Rosetta", "Code", ":")</lang>
Batch File
CMD.EXE is the CLI for Batch Files. Batch Files do not have traditional functions and doing the alternative will not work in interactive mode. So this example uses blocks of code.
<lang dos>>set r=Rosetta
>set c=Code
>set s=:
>echo %r%%s%%s%%c% Rosetta::Code
></lang>
BBC BASIC
Interactive mode is entered by clicking on the 'Immediate' toolbar button or selecting Immediate from the Run menu. Functions cannot be defined in immediate mode so the example below uses inline code:
>r$ = "Rosetta" >c$ = "Code" >s$ = ":" >PRINT r$+s$+s$+c$ Rosetta::Code >
bc
bc has no string operations, so I will instead show how to use hexadecimal numbers such that f(205E77A, C0DE, 1) returns 205E77A11C0DE.
Step 1. I start the interactive interpreter, switch from base 10 to base 16, and check that 1000 - 2 is FFE, not 998. My bc has no prompt, so I will use »bold text to show where I typed my input.
$ »bc »obase = ibase = 16 »1000 - 2 FFE
Step 2. I define a helper function d() to count the number of digits in a number. I check that d() works for positive numbers.
»define d(a) {
» auto r
» r = 0
» while (a != 0) {
» r += 1
» a /= 10
» }
» return (r)
»}
»d(4)
1
»d(5A)
2
»d(67B)
3
Step 3. I define f() and call it.
»define f(a, b, c) {
» auto d, e, f
» d = d(b)
» e = d + d(c)
» f = e + d(c)
» return (a * 10 ^ f + c * 10 ^ e + c * 10 ^ d + b)
»}
»f(205E77A, C0DE, 1)
205E77A11C0DE
Step 4. I quit. (Control-D also works.)
»quit $
Bracmat
Running Bracmat without arguments starts the program in interactive mode. The prompt is {?}. After evaluation, Bracmat prints {!} followed by the result. Input can extend over multiple lines, but is terminated by a new line if all parentheses are balanced (() or {}) and any string introduced with " also is closed with ". The number of needed closing parentheses is indicated at the start of a new input line. Provided the file help is in the current working directory, the user can get interactive help by entering get$help. The program is closed by entering an extra closing parenthesis, followed by a confirming y.
D:\projects\Bracmat>bracmat
Bracmat version 5, build 105 (1 December 2011)
Copyright (C) 2002 Bart Jongejan
Bracmat comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `!w'.
This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
under certain conditions; type `!c' for details.
{?} get$help { tutorial }
{?} ) { stop }
{?} (f=a b c.
{1} !arg:(?a,?b,?c)
{1} & str$(!a !c !b)
{1} )
{!} f
S 0,00 sec (2156.2173.0)
{?} f$(Rosetta,Code,":")
{!} Rosetta:Code
S 0,00 sec (2156.2173.0)
{?}
Brat
<lang brat>$ brat
- Interactive Brat
brat:1> f = { a, b, s | a + s + s + b }
- => function: 0xb737ac08
brat:2> f "Rosetta" "Code" ":"
- => Rosetta::Code
brat:3> quit Exiting</lang>
Burlesque
<lang burlesque> C:\Burlesque>Burlesque.exe --shell blsq ) {+]?+}hd"Rosetta""Code"':!a "Rosetta:Code" blsq ) </lang>
C#
Visual Studio 2015 and above come with a C# REPL (called the C# Interactive Compiler), which can be launched as csi from the Visual Studio developer command prompt.
**********************************************************************
** Visual Studio 2017 Developer Command Prompt v15.9.14
** Copyright (c) 2017 Microsoft Corporation
**********************************************************************
C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2017\Community>csi /?
Microsoft (R) Visual C# Interactive Compiler version 2.10.0.0
Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
Usage: csi [option] ... [script-file.csx] [script-argument] ...
Executes script-file.csx if specified, otherwise launches an interactive REPL (Read Eval Print Loop).
Options:
/help Display this usage message (alternative form: /?)
/version Display the version and exit
/i Drop to REPL after executing the specified script.
/r:<file> Reference metadata from the specified assembly file (alternative form: /reference)
/r:<file list> Reference metadata from the specified assembly files (alternative form: /reference)
/lib:<path list> List of directories where to look for libraries specified by #r directive.
(alternative forms: /libPath /libPaths)
/u:<namespace> Define global namespace using (alternative forms: /using, /usings, /import, /imports)
@<file> Read response file for more options
-- Indicates that the remaining arguments should not be treated as options.
C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2017\Community>csi
Microsoft (R) Visual C# Interactive Compiler version 2.10.0.0
Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
Type "#help" for more information.
> string f(string s1, string s2, char sep) => s1+sep+sep+s2;
> f("Rosetta", "Code", ':')
"Rosetta::Code"
>
Clojure
With clojure.jar on the Java classpath, the Clojure REPL is invoked with java clojure.main. <lang lisp> Clojure 1.1.0 user=> (defn f [s1 s2 sep] (str s1 sep sep s2))
- 'user/f
user=> (f "Rosetta" "Code" ":") "Rosetta::Code" user=> </lang>
CoffeeScript
With the coffee-script package for NPM on Node.js. The -n flag is '--node'. <lang CoffeeScript> $ coffee -n coffee> f = (a, b, c) -> a + c + c + b [Function] coffee> f "Rosetta", "Code", ":" "Rosetta::Code" </lang>
Common Lisp
The details of interactive use vary widely between implementations; this example is from SBCL. * is the prompt. By default, SBCL compiles (not interprets) all code, unless sb-ext:*evaluator-mode* is changed.
<lang lisp>$ rlwrap sbcl
This is SBCL 1.0.25, an implementation of ANSI Common Lisp.
More information about SBCL is available at <http://www.sbcl.org/>.
...
- (defun f (string-1 string-2 separator)
(concatenate 'string string-1 separator separator string-2))
F
- (f "Rosetta" "Code" ":")
"Rosetta::Code"
- </lang>
Déjà Vu
The interactive interpreter provides . as a shortcut for !. and ; as a shortcut for !(print-stack).
<lang dejavu>$ vu <1:1> f str1 str2 sep: <1:2> join sep [ str2 "" str1 ] <1:3> <2:1> . f "Rosetta" "Code" ":" "Rosetta::Code"</lang>
E
<lang e>$ rune # from an OS shell. On Windows there is also a desktop shortcut.</lang>
"?" and ">" are prompts for input; "#" marks output.
<lang e>? def f(string1 :String, string2 :String, separator :String) { > return separator.rjoin(string1, "", string2) > }
- value: <f>
? f("Rosetta", "Code", ":")
- value: "Rosetta::Code"</lang>
If you type a definitely incomplete expression, such as "def f() {", then it gives an ">" prompt and takes additional lines. If the expression is not necessarily incomplete, you can continue anyway by ending a line with "\".
EchoLisp
EchoLisp runs in a browser window, and is -par essence - interactive. To start the REPL mode, type http://www.echolalie.org/echolisp in the browser URL address field. <lang scheme>
- screen copy of the REPL
- note that the &i variables remember expression evaluation, and may be used in other expressions
EchoLisp - 2.16.2 📗 local-db: db.version: 3 (define ( f s1 s2 s3) (string-append s1 s3 s3 s2)) [0]→ f (f "Rosetta" "Code" ":") [1]→ "Rosetta::Code" (+ 4 8) [2]→ 12 (* 4 8) [3]→ 32 (* &2 &3) [4]→ 384 (f &1 &1 ":") [5]→ "Rosetta::Code::Rosetta::Code"
- etc.
</lang>
Elena
ELENA Script is a subset of the general language. ELT (Virtual machine terminal) can work in REPL mode <lang elena> c:\Alex\ELENA\bin>elt ELENA command line VM terminal 5.1.13 (C)2011-2020 by Alexei Rakov ELENA VM 5.1.17 (C)2005-2020 by Alex Rakov Initializing... Done...
>f(s1,s2,sep){^ s1 + sep + sep + s2 };
>f("Rosetta","Code",":") Rosetta::Code > </lang>
Elixir
Elixir's Interactive REPL is IEx, Interactive Elixir. To open IEx, open a shell and type: iex
The 'def' keyword isn't allowed outside of modules in Elixir, so the easiest way to write a function in iex is usually by writing an anonymous function.
<lang Elixir>iex(1)> f = fn str1,str2,sep -> [str1,"",str2] |> Enum.join(sep) end # Join list on separator
iex(2)> g = fn str1,str2,sep -> str1 <> sep <> sep <> str2 end # Or concatenate strings
iex(3)> defmodule JoinStrings do ...(3)> def f(str1,str2,sep), do: [str1,"",str2] |> Enum.join(sep) ...(3)> def g(str1,str2,sep), do: str1 <> sep <> sep <> str2 ...(3)> end</lang>
Example: <lang Elixir>iex(4)> f.("Rosetta","Code",":") "Rosetta::Code" iex(5)> JoinStrings.f("Rosetta","Code",":") "Rosetta::Code"</lang>
Emacs Lisp
Emacs opens a *scratch* buffer by default. This buffer is in Lisp Interaction mode; C-j evaluates the Lisp expression before point, and prints the result.
Switch to the buffer (C-x b *scratch*, or use the Buffers menu), type some Lisp expressions, and press C-j after each expression.
<lang lisp>(defun my-join (str1 str2 sep)
(concat str1 sep sep str2))
my-join (my-join "Rosetta" "Code" ":") "Rosetta::Code"</lang>
Emacs also provides ielm, the interactive Emacs Lisp mode. Start it with M-x ielm, type some expressions and press RET.
<lang lisp>*** Welcome to IELM *** Type (describe-mode) for help. ELISP> (defun my-join (str1 str2 sep) (concat str1 sep sep str2)) my-join ELISP> (my-join "Rosetta" "Code" ":") "Rosetta::Code" ELISP> </lang>
Erlang
<lang erlang>$erl 1> F = fun(X,Y,Z) -> string:concat(string:concat(X,Z),string:concat(Z,Y)) end.
- Fun<erl_eval.18.105910772>
2> F("Rosetta", "Code", ":"). "Rosetta::Code" </lang>
ERRE
ERRE hasn't no interactive mode. You can only execute the R-Code Interpreter in this way: from main menu do Utilità --> Dos Shell and then from command prompt RCODE <Enter> and then type this
r$="Rosetta" Ok <--- from interpreter c$="Code" Ok <--- from interpreter s$="-" Ok <--- from interpreter PRINT r$+s$+c$ Rosetta-Code Ok <--- from interpreter
Type
system
to return to command prompt.
F#
The F# interpreter is called fsi. As F# accepts multi-line input it will not evaluate the input until you enter two semi-colons together. <lang fsharp>Microsoft F# Interactive, (c) Microsoft Corporation, All Rights Reserved F# Version 1.9.6.2, compiling for .NET Framework Version v2.0.50727
Please send bug reports to fsbugs@microsoft.com For help type #help;;
> let f a b sep = String.concat sep [a; ""; b] ;;
val f : string -> string -> string -> string
> f "Rosetta" "Code" ":" ;; val it : string = "Rosetta::Code"</lang>
Factor
Factor comes with a graphical interpreter called the listener. The listener can also be run in a console with the following command:
./factor -run=listener
<lang factor>( scratchpad ) : cool-func ( w1 w2 sep -- res ) dup append glue ; ( scratchpad ) "Rosetta" "Code" ":" cool-func . "Rosetta::Code"</lang>
Fantom
Fantom comes with a command-line interpreter called 'fansh'
$ fansh
Fantom Shell v1.0.57 ('?' for help)
fansh> f := |Str a, Str b, Str c -> Str| {"$a$c$c$b"}
|sys::Str,sys::Str,sys::Str->sys::Str|
fansh> f("Rosetta", "Code", ":")
Rosetta::Code
Forth
All Forth systems come with an interpreter. On embedded systems, the interpreter functions as a monitor or lightweight operating system. <lang forth>$ gforth Gforth 0.7.0, Copyright (C) 1995-2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc. Gforth comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `license' Type `bye' to exit
ok
- f ( separator suffix prefix -- ) compiled
pad place 2swap 2dup compiled pad +place compiled pad +place compiled pad +place compiled pad count ; ok ok s" :" s" Code" s" Rosetta" f cr type
Rosetta::Code ok</lang>
FreeBASIC
FreeBASIC is a compiler rather than an interpreter and doesn't have an interactive mode as such.
However, as simple programs can be written in a few lines and compile and execute very quickly, I think it's fair to say that the lack of an interpreter is not considered much of a drawback by most FB developers.
For example, the current task can be coded as follows and compiles/runs instantly :
<lang freebasic>' FB 1.05.0 Win64
Dim As String s1, s2, sep Input "First string "; s1 Input "Second string "; s2 Input "Separator "; sep Print : Print s1 + sep + sep + s2 Sleep</lang>
- Output:
First string ? Rosetta Second string ? Code Separator ? : Rosetta::Code
Frink
Frink is distributed as a single .jar file that will run in a Java Virtual Machine. On many operating systems, just double-clicking this .jar file will run Frink with a graphical interface in an interactive mode. By specifying a different main-class (frink.parser.Frink) when starting Frink, it can be run in a text-mode interactive mode as well. These options and sample starter scripts for various operating systems are provided in the Running Frink section of the documentation.
<lang frink>$ java -cp frink.jar frink.parser.Frink
f[a,b,s] := "$a$s$s$b" f["Rosetta", "Code", ":"]</lang>
- Output:
Rosetta::Code
GAP
<lang gap>~% gap
######### ###### ########### ###
############# ###### ############ ####
############## ######## ############# #####
############### ######## ##### ###### #####
###### # ######### ##### ##### ######
###### ########## ##### ##### #######
##### ##### #### ##### ###### ########
#### ##### ##### ############# ### ####
##### ####### #### #### ########### #### ####
##### ####### ##### ##### ###### #### ####
##### ####### ##### ##### ##### #############
##### ##### ################ ##### #############
###### ##### ################ ##### #############
################ ################## ##### ####
############### ##### ##### ##### ####
############# ##### ##### ##### ####
######### ##### ##### ##### ####
Information at: http://www.gap-system.org
Try '?help' for help. See also '?copyright' and '?authors'
Loading the library. Please be patient, this may take a while.
GAP4, Version: 4.4.12 of 17-Dec-2008, x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu-gcc Components: small 2.1, small2 2.0, small3 2.0, small4 1.0, small5 1.0, small6 1.0, small7 1.0, small8 1.0,
small9 1.0, small10 0.2, id2 3.0, id3 2.1, id4 1.0, id5 1.0, id6 1.0, id9 1.0, id10 0.1, trans 1.0,
prim 2.1 loaded.
Packages: AClib 1.1, Polycyclic 2.6, Alnuth 2.2.5, AutPGrp 1.4, CrystCat 1.1.3, Cryst 4.1.6, CRISP 1.3.2,
CTblLib 1.1.3, TomLib 1.1.4, FactInt 1.5.2, GAPDoc 1.2, FGA 1.1.0.1, IRREDSOL 1.1.2, LAGUNA 3.5.0,
Sophus 1.23, Polenta 1.2.7, ResClasses 2.5.3 loaded.
gap> join := function(a, b, sep) > return Concatenation(a, sep, sep, b); > end; function( a, b, sep ) ... end gap> gap> join("Rosetta", "Code", ":"); "Rosetta::Code" gap></lang>
Go
To satisfy some of the desire for a REPL, Go includes a browser-based "playground" that compiles and executes directly from a browser edit box. You still have to type complete programs with all the usual boilerplate, but at least you don't have to create a source file, run the compiler, run the linker, and run the program. It has a convenient checkbox for "compile and run after each keystroke" that works quite well. You just type, and as soon as your program is valid, you see output.
Running goplay takes two steps. First, start the program with "goplay" on the command line, then visit http://localhost:3999/ with a browser.
The complete program satisfying the task is, <lang go>package main
import "fmt"
func f(s1, s2, sep string) string { return s1 + sep + sep + s2 }
func main() { fmt.Println(f("Rosetta", "Code", ":")) }</lang>
It works well to enter the program, check "every keystroke" to see syntax errors from whatever silly oversights you made, then fix them one by one until your desired output appears.
Rosetta::Code
Groovy
The groovysh interpreter requires a command-line interpreter (terminal) environment in which to run. This example was run under the CMD command-line interpreter on Microsoft Windows XP. <lang groovy>C:\Apps\groovy>groovysh Groovy Shell (1.6.2, JVM: 1.6.0_13) Type 'help' or '\h' for help.
groovy:000> f = { a, b, sep -> a + sep + sep + b } ===> groovysh_evaluate$_run_closure1@5e8d7d groovy:000> println f('Rosetta','Code',':') Rosetta::Code ===> null groovy:000> exit
C:\Apps\groovy></lang>
Haskell
The details of interactive use vary widely between implementations. This example is from GHCi.
<lang haskell>$ ghci
___ ___ _ / _ \ /\ /\/ __(_) / /_\// /_/ / / | | GHC Interactive, version 6.4.2, for Haskell 98.
/ /_\\/ __ / /___| | http://www.haskell.org/ghc/ \____/\/ /_/\____/|_| Type :? for help.
Loading package base-1.0 ... linking ... done. Prelude> let f as bs sep = as ++ sep ++ sep ++ bs Prelude> f "Rosetta" "Code" ":" "Rosetta::Code"</lang>
HicEst
Start HicEst e.g. with:
"c:\Program Files\HicEst\HicEst.exe E:\Rosetta\Interactive_programming.hic f('Rosetta', 'Code', ':')"
Type the following script. Each line is executed (and incrementally compiled) when it is typed:
<lang HicEst>CHARACTER A*40, B*40, C*40
READ(Text=$CMD_LINE, Format=",,,") A, B, C WRITE(ClipBoard, Name) A, B, C ! A=Rosetta; B=Code; C=:;
WRITE(ClipBoard) TRIM(A) // ':' // TRIM(C) // TRIM(B) ! Rosetta::Code</lang>
Huginn
Io
$ io
Io 20110905
Io> f := method(str1,str2,sep,
... str1 .. sep .. sep .. str2)
==> method(str1, str2, sep,
str1 .. sep .. sep .. str2
)
Io> f("Rosetta","Code",":")
==> Rosetta::Code
Io> writeln("I am going to exit now")
I am going to exit now
==> nil
Io> exit
$
The function could have been written on one line but I wanted to show multi-line input with the continuation prompt .... The result of the expression that is entered appears after ==> and any output or error message appears before.
J
J runs in command mode by default. Starting J depends on your operating system and other factors, but typically would involve double clicking on an icon, or starting one of several programs from a command line (j, jwd, jconsole, jee, jhs -- though note that jhs would also require a web browser and visiting a localhost URL).
This is a session log once the os specific stuff has been handled: <lang j> f=: [: ; 0 2 2 1&{
f 'Rosetta';'Code';':'
Rosetta::Code</lang>
Java
<lang java> public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println(concat("Rosetta", "Code", ":"));
}
public static String concat(String a, String b, String c) {
return a + c + c + b;
}
Rosetta::Code </lang>
JavaScript
<lang javascript>$ java -cp js.jar org.mozilla.javascript.tools.shell.Main Rhino 1.7 release 2 2009 03 22 js> function f(a,b,s) {return a + s + s + b;} js> f('Rosetta', 'Code', ':') Rosetta::Code js> quit() $</lang>
Jsish
prompt$ jsish
Jsish interactive: see 'help [cmd]'
# function f(a:string, b:string, s:string):string { return a+s+s+b; }
# f('Rosetta', 'Code', 1)
warn: type mismatch for argument arg 3 's': expected "string" but got "number", in call to 'f' <1>. (at or near "Code")
"Rosetta11Code"
# f('Rosetta', 'Code', ':')
"Rosetta::Code"
Julia
Julia has a fine REPL which is invoked by the command julia when no arguments are supplied.
usr@host:~/rosetta/julia$ julia
_
_ _ _(_)_ | A fresh approach to technical computing
(_) | (_) (_) | Documentation: http://docs.julialang.org
_ _ _| |_ __ _ | Type "help()" for help.
| | | | | | |/ _` | |
| | |_| | | | (_| | | Version 0.3.7 (2015-03-23 21:36 UTC)
_/ |\__'_|_|_|\__'_| | Official http://julialang.org release
|__/ | x86_64-linux-gnu
julia> function strcat(a::String, b::String, sep::String)
a*(sep^2)*b
end
strcat (generic function with 1 method)
julia> strcat("rosetta", "code", "_")
"rosetta__code"
julia>
K
<lang k>$ rlwrap k K Console - Enter \ for help
f:{x,z,z,y}
f["Rosetta";"Code";":"]
"Rosetta::Code"</lang>
Kotlin
Kotlin has an interactive shell for the JVM which can be started by simply typing 'kotlinc' at the command line. Here's a sample interactive session to accomplish the specified task on Windows 10: <lang scala>c:\kotlin-compiler-1.0.6>kotlinc Welcome to Kotlin version 1.0.6-release-127 (JRE 1.8.0_31-b13) Type :help for help, :quit for quit >>> fun f(s1: String, s2: String, sep: String) = s1 + sep + sep + s2 >>> f("Rosetta", "Code", ":") Rosetta::Code >>> :quit</lang>
Lasso
<lang Lasso>#!/usr/bin/lasso9
// filename: interactive_demo
define concatenate_with_delimiter( string1::string, string2::string, delimiter::string
) => #string1 + (#delimiter*2) + #string2
define read_input(prompt::string) => {
local(string)
// display prompt stdout(#prompt) // the following bits wait until the terminal gives you back a line of input while(not #string or #string -> size == 0) => { #string = file_stdin -> readsomebytes(1024, 1000) } #string -> replace(bytes('\n'), bytes())
return #string -> asstring }
local( string1, string2, delimiter )
// get first string
- string1 = read_input('Enter the first string: ')
// get second string
- string2 = read_input('Enter the second string: ')
// get delimiter
- delimiter = read_input('Enter the delimiter: ')
// deliver the result stdoutnl(concatenate_with_delimiter(#string1, #string2, #delimiter))</lang>
Called from the command line: ./interactive_demo
Result -> Rosetta::Code
Lambdatalk
Lambdatalk works in a small wiki, lambdatank. Evaluation is done in real time. <lang scheme> {def F {lambda {:a :b :s} :a:s:s:b}} -> F
{F Rosetta Code :} -> Rosetta::Code </lang>
Lingo
Lingo/Director is usually started as GUI program and has no access to the standard system console (unless using a binary plugin). But it has its own interactive Lingo console called "Message Window", that can be activated/displayed by executing "_player.debugPlaybackEnabled=1". Using this Message Window, the task can be solved like this: <lang lingo>> m=new(#script) > m.scripttext="on conc(a,b,c)"&RETURN&"return a&c&c&b"&RETURN&"end" > put conc("Rosetta", "Code", ":") -- "Rosetta::Code"</lang>
Logo
<lang logo>$ logo Welcome to Berkeley Logo version 5.6 ? to f :prefix :suffix :separator > output (word :prefix :separator :separator :suffix) > end f defined ? show f "Rosetta "Code ": Rosetta::Code ?</lang>
Lua
<lang lua>$ lua Lua 5.1.2 Copyright (C) 1994-2007 Lua.org, PUC-Rio > function conc(a, b, c) >> return a..c..c..b >> end > print(conc("Rosetta", "Code", ":")) Rosetta::Code ></lang>
M2000 Interpreter
M2000 run through an environment (the M2000 Environment), and this can run a script by using command line arguments, or run in interactive mode, just opening the environment, in full screen.
To exit interactive mode just type END and press enter after prompt >, Old commands are back again using arrows up or down. We can open editor for these commands (internal editor has syntax color).
Command line has a some special commands (we need to use Set to send command to this line, from a program), to change many things. Type Help All to see help for all topics, or type Help Print to see help for Print.
We an use ? as a Print command. Any variable, array, module, function, group we make at command line is global.
We can make functions using edit, so edit f$() open editor and we write these
>edit f$()
(we see Function F$() at the header of editor) <lang M2000 Interpreter> Read name1$, name2$, sep$ =name1$+sep$+sep$+name2$ </lang> So now we press Esc and return to command line (editor open as a layer, so console has the last state). Using Clipboard we sen unicode string to clipboard
>? f$("Rosseta","Code",":")
Rosseta::Code
>clipboard f$("Rosseta","Code",":")
>New ' now we clear any stored function/module
>function f$(a$,b$,c$) {=a$+c$+c$+b$} 'in one line function
>? f$("Rosseta","Code",":")
Rosseta::Code
>Save ros1
>New
>Load ros1
>? f$("Rosseta","Code",":")
Rosseta::Code
>New
>f$=Lambda$ (a$,b$,c$)->a$+c$+c$+b$
>? f$("Rosseta","Code",":")
Rosseta::Code
>B$=F$ ' lambda functions as variables.
>? B$("Rosseta","Code",":")
Rosseta::Code
M4
Here is a terminal session with output lines marked by "==>": <lang M4>$ m4 define(`f',`$1`'$3`'$3`'$2') ==> f(`Rosetta',`Code',`:') ==>Rosetta::Code m4exit</lang>
Maple
Start Maple's commandline interface by issuing the command maple in a terminal shell. Ie,
$ maple
Then enter the Maple commands. <lang Maple>f := (a,b,c)->cat(a,c,c,b):
f("Rosetta","Code",":");</lang> Output:
"Rosetta::Code"
Mathematica / Wolfram Language
<lang Mathematica>$ math</lang> <lang Mathematica>f[x_,y_,z_]:=Print[x,z,z,y] ->"" f["Rosetta","Code",":"] ->Rosetta::Code</lang>
MATLAB / Octave
(Has been tested only with MATLAB)
Define an anonymous function in the Command Window <lang Matlab> >> f = @(str1, str2, delim) [str1, delim, delim, str2]; </lang>
Call of function and
- Output:
>> f('Rosetta', 'Code', ':')
ans =
Rosetta::Code
Maxima
Simply run wxMaxima, xMaxima (or simply maxima in a Linux or Windows command line) to start a REPL.
<lang maxima>(%i1) f(a, b, c) := sconcat(a, c, c, b)$ (%i2) f("Rosetta", "Code", ":"); (%o2) "Rosetta::Code"</lang>
min
Run the REPL with min -i, otherwise it'll expect a file to run as a script.
<lang min>$ (dup suffix swap suffix suffix) :glue $ "Rosetta" "Code" ":" glue puts! Rosetta::Code $</lang>
ML/I
The following is exactly what should be fed to ML/I to start a suitable interactive session. Start ML/I with (e.g.: $ ml1), then type:
<lang ML/I>MCSKIP MT,<> MCINS %. MCDEF F WITHS (,,) AS <%WA1.%WA3.%WA2.%WA2.></lang>
Nanoquery
Unless a program file is provided to run at the command line, the Nanoquery interpreter starts interactively by default.
>nq
[no file | rec1 col1] % def f(a, b, sep)
... return a + sep + sep + b
... end
[no file | rec1 col1] % println f("Rosetta", "Code", ":")
Rosetta::Code
Nim
Nim is not provided with a REPL but there is several available. Online, it is possible to use Nim playground at https://play.nim-lang.org/. And one can install “inim” with “nimble” (command nimble install inim).
Run the REPL and paste the following code:
<lang Nim>proc f(x, y, z: string) = echo x, z, z, y f("Rosetta", "Code", ":")</lang>
which outputs:
Rosetta::Code
OCaml
The default interactive interpreter is called the toplevel. In the toplevel because we can enter expressions that span multiple lines, we have to type the double semicolon (";;") at the end of an expression so that it knows we are done.
<lang ocaml>$ ocaml
Objective Caml version 3.12.1
- let f s1 s2 sep = String.concat sep [s1; ""; s2];;
val f : string -> string -> string -> string = <fun>
- f "Rosetta" "Code" ":";;
- : string = "Rosetta::Code"
- </lang>
Also a lot of OCaml users invoke the toplevel with rlwrap or ledit to gain readline capabilities:
<lang ocaml>$ rlwrap ocaml</lang>
There is also ocamlnat that is a native toplevel. It permits interactive use of the OCaml system through a read-eval-print loop, similar to the standard OCaml toplevel, but up to 100 times faster.
Using a module in the default toplevel is made with .cma files, with ocamlnat just use .cmxs files instead.
Octave
<lang octave>$ octave GNU Octave, version 3.0.2 Copyright (C) 2008 John W. Eaton and others. This is free software; see the source code for copying conditions. There is ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; not even for MERCHANTIBILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. For details, type `warranty'.
Octave was configured for "i586-mandriva-linux-gnu".
Additional information about Octave is available at http://www.octave.org.
Please contribute if you find this software useful. For more information, visit http://www.octave.org/help-wanted.html
Report bugs to <bug@octave.org> (but first, please read http://www.octave.org/bugs.html to learn how to write a helpful report).
For information about changes from previous versions, type `news'.
octave:1> function concat(a,b,c) > disp(strcat(a,c,c,b)); > endfunction octave:2> concat("Rosetta","Code",":"); Rosetta::Code octave:3></lang>
Oforth
Oforth interpreter is started using --i command line parameter :
<lang Oforth>oforth --i</lang>
Into the interpreter, you can create functions :
<lang Oforth>: x(a, b, sep) a sep + sep + b + ; ok >x("Rosetta", "Code", ":") ok >.s [1] (String) Rosetta::Code ok ></lang>
Alternatively you don't need the local variables
<lang Oforth> > : x dup rot + + + ; ok > "Rosetta" "Code" ";" x .s [1] (String) Rosetta::Code ok > </lang>
Ol
Ol comes with builtin REPL. Interactive web-based example can be found at the Ol project page.
<lang scheme> $ ol Welcome to Otus Lisp 2.1-2282-27a9b6c type ',help' to help, ',quit' to end session. > (define (f head tail mid)
(fold string-append "" (list head mid mid tail)))
- Defined f
> (f "Rosetta" "Code" ":") "Rosetta::Code" > ,quit bye-bye :/ </lang>
ooRexx
ooRexx ships a program rexxtry.rex which does exactly what this task asks for.
- Output:
D:\>rexx rexxtry ?
This procedure lets you interactively try REXX statements.
If you run it with no parameter, or with a question mark
as a parameter, it will briefly describe itself.
You may also enter a REXX statement directly on the command line
for immediate execution and exit. Example: rexxtry call show
Enter 'call show' to see user variables provided by REXXTRY.
Enter '=' to repeat your previous statement.
Enter '?' to invoke system-provided online help for REXX.
The subroutine named 'sub' can be CALLed or invoked as 'sub()'.
REXXTRY can be run recursively with CALL.
Except for the signal instructions after a syntax error, this
procedure is an example of structured programming.
D:\>rexx rexxtry
REXX-ooRexx_4.2.0(MT)_64-bit 6.04 22 Feb 2014
rexxtry.rex lets you interactively try REXX statements.
Each string is executed when you hit Enter.
Enter 'call tell' for a description of the features.
Go on - try a few... Enter 'exit' to end.
x=3
........................................... rexxtry.rex on WindowsNT
y=x**2
........................................... rexxtry.rex on WindowsNT
say x y
3 9
........................................... rexxtry.rex on WindowsNT
rexxtry.rex: Enter 'exit' to end. Or '?' for online REXX help.
say sigl
160
........................................... rexxtry.rex on WindowsNT
say sourceline(12)
/* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or */
........................................... rexxtry.rex on WindowsNT
exit
D:\>
For the specific test I need to create the function on my disk
H:\>rexx rexxtry
REXX-ooRexx_4.2.0(MT)_64-bit 6.04 22 Feb 2014
rexxtry.rex lets you interactively try REXX statements.
Each string is executed when you hit Enter.
Enter 'call tell' for a description of the features.
Go on - try a few... Enter 'exit' to end.
pgm='ff.rex'; Call lineout pgm,'return arg(1)||arg(3)||arg(3)||arg(2)';Call line
out pgm
........................................... rexxtry.rex on WindowsNT
say ff('AAA','BBB',':')
AAA::BBB
........................................... rexxtry.rex on WindowsNT
exit
Oz
Mozart supports this style of programming with its Emacs interface. Go to the "Oz" buffer and enter <lang oz>declare fun {F As Bs Sep} {Append As Sep|Sep|Bs} end</lang> Press C-. C-l to evaluate the line.
Now enter <lang oz>{System.showInfo {F "Rosetta" "Code" &:}}</lang> and again press C-. C-l to execute the code. You will see the result in the "*Oz Emulator*" buffer.
PARI/GP
gp *is* a REPL built on the PARI library. You can start it from the command line with gp, though you may wish to change to your Pari directory first so it can read your .gprc file. Alternatively, if you are using a GUI, double-click the shortcut.
<lang parigp>f(s1,s2,sep)=Str(s1, sep, sep, s2);</lang>
Perl
Perl doesn't have an interpreter, but there is an interactive debugger: <lang perl>$ perl -de1
Loading DB routines from perl5db.pl version 1.3 Editor support available.
Enter h or `h h' for help, or `man perldebug' for more help.
main::(-e:1): 1
DB<1> sub f {my ($s1, $s2, $sep) = @_; $s1 . $sep . $sep . $s2}
DB<2> p f('Rosetta', 'Code', ':')
Rosetta::Code
DB<3> q</lang>
Alternative way:
<lang perl>$ perl
- Write the script here and press Ctrl+D plus ENTER when finished (^D means Ctrl+D):
sub f {my ($s1, $s2, $sep) = @_; $s1 . $sep . $sep . $s2}; print f('Rosetta', 'Code', ':'); ^D Rosetta::Code $</lang>
Another:
<lang perl>$ perl -lpe '$_=eval||$@' sub f { join => @_[0, 2, 2, 1] }
f qw/Rosetta Code :/ Rosetta::Code</lang>
Phix
There is a barely adequate repl: Phix compiles/optimises things (even when "interpreting"), such as omitting unused routines/code and unnecessary tests (usually via type inference), and generally assumes it can mangle the symtab as part of generating executable machine code. It does not, therefore, fare very well (as yet) if and when it is asked to compile "a few more lines" of code. Theoretically, however, it is just a relatively simple matter of figuring out precisely what to save/restore and at exactly which points, and avoiding some of the optimisations (/type inferences) when in repl mode.
C:\Program Files (x86)\Phix>p -repl
Warning: the repl is brand new, experimental, incomplete, and liable to crash!
Enter a statement such as "?remainder(floor(250/8),8)" or "puts(1,"Hi")"
>function f(string a,b,c) return a&c&c&b end function ?f("Rosetta","Code",":")
"Rosetta::Code"
Warning: the repl is brand new, experimental, incomplete, and liable to crash!
Enter a statement such as "?remainder(floor(250/8),8)" or "puts(1,"Hi")"
>?f("Rosetta","Code",":")
?f("Rosetta","Code",":")
^ undefined identifier f
Press Enter, or d for diagnostics...
As you can see, it all-too-quickly "forgots" f, or rather does not save/restore the right things.
Each time I come back to this, I usually make significant (but still small) headway, before getting stuck(/bored) yet again.
PicoLisp
<lang bash>$ pil +</lang> <lang PicoLisp>: (de f (Str1 Str2 Sep)
(pack Str1 Sep Sep Str2) )
-> f
- (f "Rosetta" "Code" ":")
-> "Rosetta::Code"</lang>
Pike
<lang pike>$ pike Pike v7.8 release 352 running Hilfe v3.5 (Incremental Pike Frontend) > string f(string first, string second, string sep){ >> return(first + sep + sep + second); >> } > f("Rosetta","Code",":"); (1) Result: "Rosetta::Code" ></lang>
PowerShell
PowerShell itself is already a shell and therefore an interactive environment is the default. <lang powershell>Windows PowerShell Copyright (C) 2009 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
PS Home:\> function f ([string] $string1, [string] $string2, [string] $separator) { >> $string1 + $separator * 2 + $string2 >> } >> PS Home:\> f 'Rosetta' 'Code' ':' Rosetta::Code PS Home:\></lang>
Prolog
Works with SWI-Prolog.
Prolog works in its own environnment.
Start the interpreter by typing pl at the command line (or by clicking on the exe).
<lang Prolog>% library(win_menu) compiled into win_menu 0.00 sec, 12,872 bytes
% library(swi_hooks) compiled into pce_swi_hooks 0.00 sec, 2,404 bytes
% The graphical front-end will be used for subsequent tracing
% c:/users/joel-seven/appdata/roaming/swi-prolog/pl.ini compiled 0.13 sec, 876,172 bytes
XPCE 6.6.66, July 2009 for Win32: NT,2000,XP
Copyright (C) 1993-2009 University of Amsterdam.
XPCE comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY. This is free software,
and you are welcome to redistribute it under certain conditions.
The host-language is SWI-Prolog version 5.10.0
For HELP on prolog, please type help. or apropos(topic).
on xpce, please type manpce.
1 ?- assert((f(A, B,C) :- format('~w~w~w~w~n', [A, C, C, B]))). true.
2 ?- f('Rosetta', 'Code', ':'). Rosetta::Code true.
3 ?- </lang>
Python
Start the interpreter by typing python at the command line (or select it from a menu). You get a response showing the version of the interpreter being run before giving an input prompt of three greater-than characters and a space:
<lang python>python Python 2.6.1 (r261:67517, Dec 4 2008, 16:51:00) [MSC v.1500 32 bit (Intel)] on win32 Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. >>> def f(string1, string2, separator): return separator.join([string1, , string2])
>>> f('Rosetta', 'Code', ':') 'Rosetta::Code' >>></lang>
Quackery
The Quackery shell (REPL) can be invoked from the command line by invoking quackery without specifying a Quackery source file. The shell can be invoked from within a Quackery source file with the Quackery word shell. As the shell is nestable it can also be invoked from within the shell.
- Output:
Invoking the shell first from the command line and then within the shell, and leaving first the nested shell then the outer shell.
> quackery Welcome to Quackery. Enter "leave" to leave the shell. /O> say " now entering a nested shell..." ... shell ... now entering a nested shell... /O> say " now leaving the nested shell" ... leave ... now leaving the nested shell Auf wiedersehen. Stack empty. /O> say " now leaving the shell invoked at the command line" ... leave ... now leaving the shell invoked at the command line Goodbye. > echo " back at the command line" back at the command line >
R
<lang r>$ R
R version 2.7.2 (2008-08-25) Copyright (C) 2008 The R Foundation for Statistical Computing ISBN 3-900051-07-0
R is free software and comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY. You are welcome to redistribute it under certain conditions. Type 'license()' or 'licence()' for distribution details.
Natural language support but running in an English locale
R is a collaborative project with many contributors. Type 'contributors()' for more information and 'citation()' on how to cite R or R packages in publications.
Type 'demo()' for some demos, 'help()' for on-line help, or 'help.start()' for an HTML browser interface to help. Type 'q()' to quit R.
> f <- function(a, b, s) paste(a, "", b, sep=s) > f("Rosetta", "Code", ":") [1] "Rosetta::Code" > q() Save workspace image? [y/n/c]: n</lang>
Racket
Much like Scheme, Racket features a full-featured REPL:
<lang Racket>oiseau:/tmp> racket Welcome to Racket v5.3.3.5. > (define (f string-1 string-2 separator)
(string-append string-1 separator separator string-2))
> (f "Rosetta" "Code" ":") "Rosetta::Code" > ^D oiseau:/tmp></lang>
Raku
(formerly Perl 6) Using Rakudo. <lang perl6>$ rakudo/perl6 > sub f($str1,$str2,$sep) { $str1~$sep x 2~$str2 }; f > f("Rosetta","Code",":"); Rosetta::Code > </lang>
REBOL
Start the REBOL/Core interpreter in quiet mode with -q. q to quit.
<lang rebol>$ rebol -q >> f: func [a b s] [print rejoin [a s s b]] >> f "Rosetta" "Code" ":" Rosetta::Code >> q</lang>
Retro
Retro's interpreter is started automatically. Once you see the "ok" prompt, you can proceed to enter code:
<lang Retro>:f (sss-s) [ s:prepend ] sip s:prepend s:append ; 'Rosetta 'Code ': f</lang>
REXX
version 1
<lang rexx>/*REXX*/ parse arg a b c say f(a,b,c) exit f:return arg(1)arg(3)arg(3)arg(2)</lang>
version 2
This REXX version allows blanks to be included in the three strings. <lang rexx>/*REXX program demonstrates interactive programming by using a function [F]. */ say f('Rosetta', "Code", ':') say f('The definition of a trivial program is ', " one that has no bugs.", '───') exit /*stick a fork in it, we're all done. */ /*──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/ f: return arg(1) || copies(arg(3),2) || arg(2) /*return the required string to invoker*/</lang> output when using the (internal) default strings:
Rosetta::Code The definition of a trivial program is ────── one that has no bugs.
version 3
This REXX version is more to the keeping of the spirit of the task requirements.
<lang rexx>/*REXX program demonstrates interactive programming by using a function [F]. */
say '══════════════════ enter the function F with three comma-separated arguments:'
parse pull funky
interpret 'SAY' funky
exit /*stick a fork in it, we're all done. */
/*──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
f: return arg(1) || copies(arg(3),2) || arg(2) /*return the required string to invoker*/</lang>
output (a screen scraping is shown)
int_act3 is the name of the REXX program [INT_ACT3.REX)
─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────Thu 10/18/2012 15:00:01
C:\►int_act3
══════════════════ enter the function F with three comma-separated arguments:
f("what the", "hey", "--") ◄■■■■■■■■■■■■ this is what the user entered.
what the----hey
─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────Thu 10/18/2012 15:00:38
C:\►
Note that the timestamp and the C:\► text is part of my (wrapped) two-line prompt message.
Ring
<lang ring> r = "Rosetta" c = "Code" s = ":" see r+s+s+c </lang> Output:
Rosetta::Code
Ruby
The read-eval-print loop (REPL) for Ruby is irb, the interactive ruby shell.
Start the interpreter by typing irb at the command line. You will see an input prompt, which by default is name of this program(name of main object):line number:indent level> :
<lang ruby>$ irb irb(main):001:0> def f(string1, string2, separator) irb(main):002:1> [string1, , string2].join(separator) irb(main):003:1> end => :f irb(main):004:0> f('Rosetta', 'Code', ':') => "Rosetta::Code" irb(main):005:0> exit $</lang>
Rust
This method use the crate clap: clap is used to parse and validate the string of command line arguments provided by the user at runtime. You provide the list of valid possibilities, and clap handles the rest. This means you focus on your applications functionality, and less on the parsing and validating of arguments. One of clap configurations is a mathod used a YAML file to build the CLI and keep the Rust source tidy or support multiple localized translations by having different YAML files for each localization. - First, create the cli.yaml file to hold the CLI options, but it could be called anything we like: <lang yaml> name: myapp version: "1.0" author: A Rust Developer <rustme@home.com> about: Does awesome things args:
- STRING1:
about: First string to use
required: true
index: 1
- STRING2:
about: Second string to use
required: true
index: 2
- SEPARATOR:
about: Separtor to use
required: true
index: 3
</lang>
- Then, simply add clap the yaml feature flag to your Cargo.toml. <lang yaml> [dependencies] clap = { version = "3.0.0-beta.2", features = ["yaml"] } </lang>
- Enter this code in Rust source file <lang rust>
- [macro_use]
extern crate clap; use clap::App; fn main() {
let yaml = load_yaml!("cli.yaml");
let matches = App::from(yaml).get_matches();
let str1 = matches.value_of("STRING1").unwrap();
let str2 = matches.value_of("STRING2").unwrap();
let str3 = matches.value_of("SEPARATOR").unwrap();
println!("{:?}", f(&str1, &str2, &str3));
}
fn f<'a>(s1: &'a str, s2: &'a str, sep :&'a str) -> String{
[s1,sep,sep,s2].iter().map(|x| *x).collect()
}</lang> Output:
Rosetta::Code
S-lang
S-Lang includes a general-purpose shell called slsh.
Command-line arguments are available with:
slsh --help
Without any arguments it starts from the command-line in [REPL] command-mode: <lang S-lang>> slsh<Enter> slsh version 0.9.1-2; S-Lang version: pre2.3.1-23 Copyright (C) 2005-2014 John E. Davis <jed@jedsoft.org> This is free software with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY.
slsh> define f(s1, s2, sep) {<Enter>
return(strcat(s1, sep, sep, s2));<Enter>
}<Enter>
slsh> f("Rosetta", "Code", ":");<Enter> Rosetta::Code slsh> quit<Enter> > </lang>
Scala
Scala has a REPL -- Read, Evaluate & Print Loop. Being a compiled language, everything you type is encapsulated into a compilable template, compiled, executed, and the return value assigned to a special variable and displayed.
One invokes the REPL by just typing "scala", which is either a shell script or a batch file depending on one's operating system:
<lang scala>C:\>scala Welcome to Scala version 2.8.0.r21356-b20100407020120 (Java HotSpot(TM) Client V M, Java 1.6.0_05). Type in expressions to have them evaluated. Type :help for more information.
scala> "rosetta" res0: java.lang.String = rosetta</lang> Scala's REPL, starting with version 2.8, offers both auto-completion and alternatives when typing TAB. For instance, to check what methods are available on a String, one may do the following: <lang scala>scala> "rosetta".
!= ## $asInstanceOf $isInstanceOf + == charAt clone codePointAt codePointBefore codePointCount compareTo compareToIgnoreCase concat contains contentEquals endsWith eq equals equalsIgnoreCase finalize getBytes getChars getClass hashCode indexOf intern isEmpty lastIndexOf length matches ne notify notifyAll offsetByCodePoints regionMatches replace replaceAll replaceFirst split startsWith subSequence substring synchronized this toCharArray toLowerCase toString toUpperCase trim wait
scala> "rosetta".+(":") res1: java.lang.String = rosetta:</lang> One can use `object`, `class`, `trait`, `case object`, `case class`, `def`, `val` and `var` definitions at any point. However, `package` and `package object` definitions are not allowed. <lang scala>scala> val str1 = "rosetta" str1: java.lang.String = rosetta</lang> Using these features, one can build the code for a method by testing it part of it individually: <lang scala>scala> val str2 = "code" str2: java.lang.String = code
scala> val separator = ":" separator: java.lang.String = :
scala> str1 + separator + str2 res2: java.lang.String = rosetta:code</lang> If one makes a mistake, the REPL will print an error message, and display the point at which the mistake was made. <lang scala>scala> def (str1: String, str2: String, separator: String) = <console>:1: error: identifier expected but '(' found.
def (str1: String, str2: String, separator: String) =
^</lang>
If a definition takes more than a line, the REPL will print an indented "|" sign, and wait for more input. If one wishes to abort a definition, just enter two consecutive empty lines. <lang scala>scala> def f(str1: String, str2: String, separator: String) =
| str1 + separator + str2
f: (str1: String,str2: String,separator: String)java.lang.String
scala> f("rosetta", "code", ":") res3: java.lang.String = rosetta:code
scala> f("code", "rosetta", ", ") res4: java.lang.String = code, rosetta</lang> Also starting with version 2.8, a line starting with a dot will be interpreted as a method call on the last result produced. <lang scala>scala> .length res5: Int = 13
scala></lang> The results are actually displayed with a special function, which pretty prints some results, and avoid eagerly evaluating others, where that could cause problems (such as infinite collections). <lang scala>scala> Array(1, 2, 3, 4) res8: Array[Int] = Array(1, 2, 3, 4)
scala> println(res8) [I@383244</lang> There are many other features, such as the ability to add new jars to the class path, executing commands on the shell, retrieving the last exception thrown, etc.
Scheme
Several interpreters exist for Scheme. These are just some examples. <lang>> scheme Scheme Microcode Version 14.9 MIT Scheme running under FreeBSD Type `^C' (control-C) followed by `H' to obtain information about interrupts. Scheme saved on Monday June 17, 2002 at 10:03:44 PM
Release 7.7.1 Microcode 14.9 Runtime 15.1
1 ]=> (define (f string-1 string-2 separator)
(string-append string-1 separator separator string-2))
- Value
- f
1 ]=> (f "Rosetta" "Code" ":")
- Value 1
- "Rosetta::Code"
1 ]=> ^D End of input stream reached Happy Happy Joy Joy. ></lang> <lang>> scheme48 Welcome to Scheme 48 1.8 (made by root on Wed Sep 24 22:37:08 UTC 2008) Copyright (c) 1993-2008 by Richard Kelsey and Jonathan Rees. Please report bugs to scheme-48-bugs@s48.org. Get more information at http://www.s48.org/. Type ,? (comma question-mark) for help. > (define (f string-1 string-2 separator)
(string-append string-1 separator separator string-2))
- no values returned
> (f "Rosetta" "Code" ":") "Rosetta::Code" > ^D Exit Scheme 48 (y/n)? ^D I'll only ask another 100 times. Exit Scheme 48 (y/n)? ^D I'll only ask another 99 times. Exit Scheme 48 (y/n)? y ></lang>
Sidef
<lang ruby>$ sidef -i >>> func f(s1, s2, sep) { s1 + sep*2 + s2 }; f >>> f('Rosetta', 'Code', ':') "Rosetta::Code" >>> </lang>
Slate
<lang slate>slate[1]> s@(String traits) rosettaWith: s2@(String traits) and: s3@(String traits) [s ; s3 ; s3 ; s2]. [rosettaWith:and:] slate[2]> 'Rosetta' rosettaWith: 'Code' and: ':'. 'Rosetta::Code'</lang>
Smalltalk
<lang smalltalk>$ gst GNU Smalltalk ready
st> |concat| st> concat := [ :a :b :c | (a,c,c,b) displayNl ]. a BlockClosure st> concat value: 'Rosetta' value: 'Code' value: ':'. Rosetta::Code 'Rosetta::Code' st></lang>
<lang smalltalk>$ stx --repl Welcome...
STX> |concat|\ concat := [ :a :b :c | (a,c,c,b) displayNl ].\ concat value: 'Rosetta' value: 'Code' value: ':'. Rosetta::Code -> (Answer): 'Rosetta::Code' STX></lang>
SNOBOL4
>spitbol code
SPITBOL-386 Release 3.7(ver 1.30.20) Serial xxxxx
...
Enter SPITBOL statements:
? define('f(a,b,s)'):(z);f f = a s s b:(return);z
Success
?= f('Rosetta','Code',':')
Rosetta::Code
Success
?end
>
Standard ML
Because you can enter expressions that span multiple lines, you have to type the semicolon (";") at the end so that it knows you are done.
<lang sml>$ sml Standard ML of New Jersey v110.67 [built: Fri Jul 4 09:00:58 2008] - fun f (s1, s2, sep) = String.concatWith sep [s1, "", s2]; [autoloading] [library $SMLNJ-BASIS/basis.cm is stable] [autoloading done] val f = fn : string * string * string -> string - f ("Rosetta", "Code", ":"); val it = "Rosetta::Code" : string -</lang>
Tcl
<lang tcl>$ tclsh % proc f {s1 s2 sep} {
append result $s1 $sep $sep $s2
} % f Rosetta Code : Rosetta::Code % exit</lang> A simple alternative (one-liners are most convenient in an interactive shell): <lang tcl>$ tclsh % proc f {a b s} {join [list $a "" $b] $s} % f Rosetta Code : Rosetta::Code %</lang>
TI-89 BASIC
To switch to the interpreter ("home screen"), press the HOME key.
■ x & s & s & y → f(x,y,s)
Done
■ f("Rosetta", "Code", ":")
"Rosetta::Code"
Input is left-aligned, output is right-aligned. “→” is typed by pressing STO▸, and “&” by pressing ◆ ×. All whitespace is optional.
UNIX Shell
<lang bash>$ sh sh-3.2$ concat() { echo "$1$3$3$2"; } sh-3.2$ concat Rosetta Code : Rosetta::Code sh-3.2$</lang>
C Shell
<lang csh>$ csh -f % alias concat 'echo "\!:1\!:3\!:3\!:2"' % concat Rosetta Code : Rosetta::Code %</lang>
es
<lang es>$ es
- fn concat a b s { result $a$s$s$b }
- echo <={concat Rosetta Code
- }
Rosetta::Code
- </lang>
Ursa
<lang ursa>$ java -jar ursa.jar cygnus/x ursa v0.76 (default, release 1) [Oracle Corporation JVM 1.8.0_91 on Linux 3.16.0-4-686-pae i386] > def f (string s1, string s2, string sep) .. return (+ s1 sep sep s2) ..end > out (f "Rosetta" "Code" ":") endl console Rosetta::Code > _</lang>
Vedit macro language
To enter command mode, type <Esc>c, or to open command mode window, type <Esc>w. Or if the command mode window is already open, just click on the window.
To define a macro in text register 100: <lang vedit>RS(100, "RS(10, @1) RS(10, @3, APPEND) RS(10, @3, APPEND) RS(10, @2, APPEND)")</lang>
To call the macro: <lang vedit>RS(1,"Rosetta") RS(2,"Code") RS(3,":") Call(100) Message(@10)</lang>
XLISP
How to start a REPL depends on the operating system. <lang lisp>XLISP 3.3, September 6, 2002 Copyright (c) 1984-2002, by David Betz [1] (defun f (a b sep)
(string-append a sep sep b))
F [2] (f "Rosetta" "Code" ":")
"Rosetta::Code" [3] </lang>
Wren
If one runs Wren's command line interpreter without passing it any arguments, then it starts the interpreter in interactive mode. This mode can be exited by pressing Ctrl-C or Ctrl-D.
$ ./wren
\\/"-
\_/ wren v0.2.0
> var f = Fn.new { |s1, s2, sep| s1 + sep + sep + s2 }
> f.call("Rosetta", "Code", ":")
Rosetta::Code
>
^C
$
zkl
$ zkl
zkl 1.12.8, released 2014-04-01
zkl: fcn f(a,b,c){String(a,c,c,b)}
Void
zkl: f("Rosetta", "Code", ":")
Rosetta::Code
zkl:
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