HTTPS

HTTPS
You are encouraged to solve this task according to the task description, using any language you may know.

Task

Send a GET request to obtain the resource located at the URL "https://www.w3.org/", then print it to the console.
Checking the host certificate for validity is recommended.
Do not authenticate. That is the subject of other tasks.
Readers may wish to contrast with the HTTP Request task, and also the task on HTTPS request with authentication.

Ada

Library: AWS

Exactly the same as the HTTP task, assuming you compiled AWS with openssl support.

with AWS.Client;
with AWS.Response;
with Ada.Text_IO; use Ada.Text_IO;
procedure GetHttps is
begin
   Put_Line (AWS.Response.Message_Body (AWS.Client.Get (
      URL => "https://sourceforge.net/")));
end GetHttps;

Arturo

print read "https://www.w3.org/"

AutoHotkey

Library: wininet

URL      := "https://sourceforge.net/"
WININET_Init()
msgbox % html := UrlGetContents(URL)
WININET_UnInit()
return
#include urlgetcontents.ahk
#include wininet.ahk

BaCon

This code requires BaCon 3.8.2 or later.

OPTION TLS TRUE
website$ = "www.google.com"

OPEN website$ & ":443" FOR NETWORK AS mynet

SEND "GET / HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: " & website$ & "\r\n\r\n" TO mynet
WHILE WAIT(mynet, 1000)
    RECEIVE dat$ FROM mynet
    total$ = total$ & dat$
    IF REGEX(dat$, "\r\n\r\n$") THEN BREAK           : ' Quit receiving data when end indicator was reached
WEND

CLOSE NETWORK mynet

PRINT REPLACE$(total$, "\r\n[0-9a-fA-F]+\r\n", "\r\n", TRUE) : ' Remove chunk indicators from HTML data

Batch File

:: Must have curl.exe
curl.exe -k -s -L https://sourceforge.net/

C

Library: libcurl

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <curl/curl.h>
CURL *curl;
char buffer[CURL_ERROR_SIZE];
int main(void) {
    if ((curl = curl_easy_init()) != NULL) {
        curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_URL, "https://sourceforge.net/");
        curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION, 1);
        curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_ERRORBUFFER, buffer);
        if (curl_easy_perform(curl) != CURLE_OK) {
            fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", buffer);
            return EXIT_FAILURE;
        }
        curl_easy_cleanup(curl);
    }
    return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}

C#

Works with: C sharp version 3.0

using System;
using System.Net;

class Program
{
    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        var client = new WebClient();
        var data = client.DownloadString("https://www.google.com");

        Console.WriteLine(data);
    }
}

This does not work for urls requiring a secure (SSL) connection.

Clojure

Using the duck-streams as a convenient wrapper for Java's networking classes, grabbing the contents of an HTTPS URL is as easy as:

(use '[clojure.contrib.duck-streams :only (slurp*)])
(print (slurp* "https://sourceforge.net"))

The usual Java mechanisms can be used to manage acceptance of SSL certificates if required.

Works with: Clojure version 1.2

(print (slurp "https://sourceforge.net"))

D

Using curl

import std.stdio;
import std.net.curl;
auto data = get("https://sourceforge.net");
writeln(data);

Common Lisp

Library: DRAKMA

First grabbing the entire body as a string, and then by pulling from a stream. This is the same code as in HTTP Request; drakma:http-request supports SSL.

(defun wget-drakma-string (url &optional (out *standard-output*))
  "Grab the body as a string, and write it to out."
  (write-string (drakma:http-request url) out))
 
(defun wget-drakma-stream (url &optional (out *standard-output*))
  "Grab the body as a stream, and write it to out."
  (loop with body = (drakma:http-request url :want-stream t)
        for line = (read-line body nil nil)
        while line do (write-line line)
        finally (close body)))

;; Use
(wget-drakma-stream "https://sourceforge.net")

Library: Dexador

(format t "~a~%" (nth-value 0 (dex:get "https://www.w3.org/")))

Delphi

Library: OpenSSL

program ShowHTTPS;

{$APPTYPE CONSOLE}

uses IdHttp, IdSSLOpenSSL;

var
  s: string;
  lHTTP: TIdHTTP;
begin
  lHTTP := TIdHTTP.Create(nil);
  try
    lHTTP.IOHandler := TIdSSLIOHandlerSocketOpenSSL.Create(lHTTP);
    lHTTP.HandleRedirects := True;
    s := lHTTP.Get('https://sourceforge.net/');
    Writeln(s);
  finally
    lHTTP.Free;
  end;
end.

EchoLisp

file->string usage: the server must allow cross-domain access, or a browser add-on like cors-everywhere must be installed to bypass cross-domain checking.

;; asynchronous call back definition
(define (success name text) (writeln 'Loaded name) (writeln text))
;; 
(file->string success "https:/sourceforge.net")

Erlang

Synchronous

-module(main).
-export([main/1]).

main([Url|[]]) ->
   inets:start(),
   ssl:start(),
   case http:request(get, {URL, []}, [{ssl,[{verify,0}]}], []) of
       {ok, {_V, _H, Body}} -> io:fwrite("~p~n",[Body]);
       {error, Res} -> io:fwrite("~p~n", [Res])
   end.

Asynchronous

-module(main).
-export([main/1]).

main([Url|[]]) ->
   inets:start(),
   ssl:start(),
   http:request(get, {Url, [] }, [{ssl,[{verify,0}]}], [{sync, false}]),
   receive
       {http, {_ReqId, Res}} -> io:fwrite("~p~n",[Res]);
       _Any -> io:fwrite("Error: ~p~n",[_Any])
       after 10000 -> io:fwrite("Timed out.~n",[])
   end.

Using it

|escript ./req.erl https://sourceforge.net/

F#

The underlying .NET classes handle secure web connections the same way they manage insecure connections.

#light
let wget (url : string) =
    let c = new System.Net.WebClient()
    c.DownloadString(url)

Frink

print[read["https://sourceforge.net/"]]

FutureBasic

include "NSLog.incl"

local fn GET_HTTPS
  CFStringRef       response = unix @"curl -ksL https://sourceforge.net/"
  CFDataRef              dta = fn StringData( response, NSUTF8StringEncoding )
  CFDictionaryRef    options = @{NSDocumentTypeDocumentAttribute: NSHTMLTextDocumentType, NSCharacterEncodingDocumentAttribute: @(NSUTF8StringEncoding)}
  CFAttributedStringRef aStr = fn AttributedStringWithHTML( dta, options )
  NSLog( @"%@", aStr )
end fn

fn GET_HTTPS

HandleEvents

Output:

We're sorry -- the Sourceforge site is currently in Disaster Recovery mode. Please check back later. {
    NSColor = "sRGB IEC61966-2.1 colorspace 0 0 0 1";
    NSFont = "\"Times-Roman 12.00 pt. P [] (0x7f8f94e11ce0) fobj=0x7f8f94e0fda0, spc=3.00\"";
    NSKern = 0;
    NSParagraphStyle = "Alignment 4, LineSpacing 0, ParagraphSpacing 0, ParagraphSpacingBefore 0, HeadIndent 0, TailIndent 0, FirstLineHeadIndent 0, LineHeight 0/0, LineHeightMultiple 0, LineBreakMode 0, Tabs (\n), DefaultTabInterval 36, Blocks (\n), Lists (\n), BaseWritingDirection 0, HyphenationFactor 0, TighteningForTruncation YES, HeaderLevel 0 LineBreakStrategy 0";
    NSStrokeColor = "sRGB IEC61966-2.1 colorspace 0 0 0 1";
    NSStrokeWidth = 0;
}

Go

package main

import (
    "io"
    "log"
    "net/http"
    "os"
)

func main() {
    r, err := http.Get("https://sourceforge.net/")
    if err != nil {
        log.Fatalln(err)
    }
    io.Copy(os.Stdout, r.Body)
}

Groovy

new URL("https://sourceforge.net").eachLine { println it }

Haskell

Library: http-conduit

Works with: GHC version 7.4.1

This is just the example from Network.HTTP.Conduit, with the http URL replaced with an https one, since http-conduit natively supports https without needing any additional work.

#!/usr/bin/runhaskell

import Network.HTTP.Conduit
import qualified Data.ByteString.Lazy as L
import Network (withSocketsDo)

main = withSocketsDo
    $ simpleHttp "https://sourceforge.net/" >>= L.putStr

Icon and Unicon

# Requires Unicon version 13
procedure main(arglist)
    url := (\arglist[1] | "https://sourceforge.net/")
    w := open(url, "m-") | stop("Cannot open " || url)
    while write(read(w))
    close(w)
end

Output:

prompt$ unicon -s https.icn -x | head -n2
<!doctype html>
<!-- Server: sfs-consume-15 -->

Ioke

Translation of: Java

connection = URL new("https://sourceforge.net") openConnection
scanner = Scanner new(connection getInputStream)

while(scanner hasNext,
  scanner next println
)

J

Using gethttp from Web Scraping

   #page=: gethttp'https://sourceforge.net'
0
   #page=: '--no-check-certificate' gethttp'https://sourceforge.net'
900

(We can not load the example page using https unless we disable certificate checking. The numbers are the number of characters retrieved.)

Java

javax.net.ssl

Additional certificate information is available through the javax.net.ssl.HttpsURLConnection interface.

URL url = new URL("https://sourceforge.net");
HttpsURLConnection connection = (HttpsURLConnection) url.openConnection();
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(connection.getInputStream());

while (scanner.hasNext()) {
    System.out.println(scanner.next());
}

java.net.http

Using the standard Java 11 HTTP Client

import java.net.URI;
import java.net.http.HttpClient;
import java.net.http.HttpRequest;
import java.net.http.HttpResponse;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        var request = HttpRequest.newBuilder(URI.create("https://sourceforge.net"))
                .GET()
                .build();

        HttpClient.newHttpClient()
                .sendAsync(request, HttpResponse.BodyHandlers.ofString(Charset.defaultCharset()))
                .thenApply(HttpResponse::body)
                .thenAccept(System.out::println)
                .join();
    }
}

JavaScript

Browser

Using fetch API and async/await:

const response = await fetch('https://rosettacode.org');
const text = await response.text();
console.log(text);

fetch("https://sourceforge.net").then(function (response) {
    return response.text();
}).then(function (body) {
    return body;
});

Node.js

require("https").get("https://sourceforge.net", function (resp) {
    let body = "";
    resp.on("data", function (chunk) {
        body += chunk;
    });
    resp.on("end", function () {
        console.log(body);
    });
}).on("error", function (err) {
    console.error("Error: " + err.message);
});

Julia

# v0.6.0

using Requests

str = readstring(get("https://sourceforge.net/"))

Kotlin

// version 1.1.2
import java.net.URL
import javax.net.ssl.HttpsURLConnection
import java.io.InputStreamReader
import java.util.Scanner

fun main(args: Array<String>) {
    val url = URL("https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page")
    val connection = url.openConnection() as HttpsURLConnection
    val isr = InputStreamReader(connection.inputStream)
    val sc = Scanner(isr)
    while (sc.hasNextLine()) println(sc.nextLine())
    sc.close()
}

Or simplier, since Kotlin 1.2

import java.net.URL

fun main(args: Array<String>){
    println(URL("https://sourceforge.net").readText())
}

Lasso

local(x = curl('https://sourceforge.net'))
local(y = #x->result)
#y->asString

If a site with an invalid SSL Cert is encountered the curl type throws the following error:

Output:

FAILURE: 60 Peer certificate cannot be authenticated with given CA certificates

Lingo

• Windows:

Library: Curl Xtra

ch = xtra("Curl").new()
CURLOPT_URL = 10002
ch.setOption(CURLOPT_URL, "https://sourceforge.net")
res = ch.exec(1) 
if integerP(res) then
  put "Error:" && curl_error(res)
else
  put "Result:" && res.readRawString(res.length)
end if
-- "Result: <!doctype html> ..."

• Mac OS X:

Library: Shell Xtra

sx = xtra("Shell").new()
put sx.shell_cmd("curl https://sourceforge.net")

LiveCode

Blocking version

libURLSetSSLVerification true  --check cert
get URL "https://sourceforge.net/"

Non-blocking version, execute getWebResource

on myUrlDownloadFinished
    get URL "https://sourceforge.net/" -- this will now fetch a locally cached copy
    put it
end myUrlDownloadFinished

command getWebResource
    libURLFollowHttpRedirects true
    libURLSetSSLVerification true  --check cert
    load URL "https://sourceforge.net/" with message "myUrlDownloadFinished"
end getWebResource

LSL

Virtually identical to the HTTP Task.

To test it yourself; rez a box on the ground, and add the following as a New Script.

string sURL = "https://SourceForge.Net/";
key kHttpRequestId;
default {
	state_entry() {
		kHttpRequestId = llHTTPRequest(sURL, [], "");
	}
	http_response(key kRequestId, integer iStatus, list lMetaData, string sBody) {
		if(kRequestId==kHttpRequestId) {
			llOwnerSay("Status="+(string)iStatus);
			integer x = 0;
			for(x=0 ; x<llGetListLength(lMetaData) ; x++) {
				llOwnerSay("llList2String(lMetaData, "+(string)x+")="+llList2String(lMetaData, x));
			}
			list lBody = llParseString2List(sBody, ["\n"], []);
			for(x=0 ; x<llGetListLength(lBody) ; x++) {
				llOwnerSay("llList2String(lBody, "+(string)x+")="+llList2String(lBody, x));
			}
		}
	}
}

Output:

Status=200
llList2String(lMetaData, 0)=0
llList2String(lMetaData, 1)=2048
llList2String(lBody, 0)=<!doctype html>
llList2String(lBody, 1)=<!-- Server: sfs-consume-7 -->
llList2String(lBody, 2)=<!--[if lt IE 7 ]> <html lang="en" class="no-js ie6" > <![endif]-->
llList2String(lBody, 3)=<!--[if IE 7 ]>    <html lang="en" class="no-js ie7" > <![endif]-->
llList2String(lBody, 4)=<!--[if IE 8 ]>    <html lang="en" class="no-js ie8" > <![endif]-->
llList2String(lBody, 5)=<!--[if IE 9 ]>    <html lang="en" class="no-js ie9" > <![endif]-->
llList2String(lBody, 6)=<!--[if (gt IE 9)|!(IE)]>--> <html lang="en" class="no-js"> <!--<![endif]-->
llList2String(lBody, 7)=    <head>
llList2String(lBody, 8)=        <meta charset="utf-8">
llList2String(lBody, 9)=        
llList2String(lBody, 10)=        <meta id="webtracker" name="webtracker" content='{"event_id": "ea71f064-ca28-11e1-98cc-0019b9f0e8fc"}'>
llList2String(lBody, 11)=        <meta name="description" content="Free, secure and fast downloads from the largest Open Source applications and software directory - SourceForge.net">
llList2String(lBody, 12)=        <meta name="keywords" content="Open Source, Open Source Software, Development, Community, Source Code, Secure,  Downloads, Free Software">
llList2String(lBody, 13)=<meta name="msvalidate.01" content="0279349BB9CF7ACA882F86F29C50D3EA" />
llList2String(lBody, 14)=        <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
llList2String(lBody, 15)=        <title>SourceForge - Download, Develop and Publish Free Open Source Software</title>
llList2String(lBody, 16)=        <link rel="shortcut icon" href="http://a.fsdn.com/con/img/sftheme/favicon.ico">
...   ...   ...   ...   ...   ...   ...   ...   ...   ...   ...   ...   ...   ...

Lua

Works with: Lua version 5.1 - 5.3

Library: lua-http

local request = require('http.request')
local headers, stream = request.new_from_uri("https://sourceforge.net/"):go()
local body = stream:get_body_as_string()
local status = headers:get(':status')
io.write(string.format('Status: %d\nBody: %s\n', status, body)

HTTPS requests can be also done with the much smaller libraries like LuaSec or lua-requests, but it currently don't support redirects, which is why I used lua-http in this example.

Maple

content := URL:-Get( "https://www.google.ca/" );

Mathematica / Wolfram Language

Straight forward "Import" task. More complicated secure web access can be done using J/Link; essentially a link to Java API.

content=Import["https://sourceforge.net", "HTML"]

MATLAB / Octave

s=urlread('https://sourceforge.net/')

Nemerle

This example is essentially identical to the HTTP task because the WebClient object can be used with http:, https:, ftp: and file: uri's.

using System;
using System.Console;
using System.Net;
using System.IO;

module HTTP
{
    Main() : void
    {
        def wc = WebClient();
        def myStream = wc.OpenRead(https://sourceforge.com);
        def sr = StreamReader(myStream);
        
        WriteLine(sr.ReadToEnd());
        myStream.Close()
    }
}

NewLISP

(! "curl https://sourceforge.net")

Nim

Library: OpenSSL

Compile with nim c -d:ssl httpsClient.nim:

import httpclient

var client = newHttpClient()
echo client.getContent("https://sourceforge.net")

Objeck

use HTTP;

class HttpsTest {
  function : Main(args : String[]) ~ Nil {
    client := HttpsClient->New();
    lines := client->Get("https://sourceforge.net");
    each(i : lines) {
      lines->Get(i)->As(String)->PrintLine();
    };
  }
}

Ol

Library: libcurl

(import (lib curl))

(define curl (make-curl))
(curl 'url "https://www.w3.org/")
(curl 'perform)

Pascal

Works with: Free Pascal

Using fphttpclient

{$mode objfpc}{$H+}
uses fphttpclient;

var
  s: string;
  hc: tfphttpclient;

begin
  hc := tfphttpclient.create(nil);
  try
    s := hc.get('https://www.example.com')
  finally
    hc.free
  end;
  writeln(s)
end.

Perl

Library: LWP

use strict;
use LWP::UserAgent;

my $url = 'https://www.rosettacode.org';
my $response = LWP::UserAgent->new->get( $url );

$response->is_success or die "Failed to GET '$url': ", $response->status_line;

print $response->as_string;

Phix

Library: Phix/libcurl

Exactly the same as the HTTP#Phix task.

without js
include builtins\libcurl.e
curl_global_init()
atom curl = curl_easy_init()
curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_URL, "https://sourceforge.net/")
object res = curl_easy_perform_ex(curl)
curl_easy_cleanup(curl)
curl_global_cleanup()
 
puts(1,res)

PHP

echo file_get_contents('https://sourceforge.net');

PicoLisp

PicoLisp has no functionality for communicating with a HTTPS server (only for the other direction), but it is easy to use an external tool

(in '(curl "https://sourceforge.net")  # Open a pipe to 'curl'
   (out NIL (echo)) )                  # Echo to standard output

Pike

int main() {
    write("%s\n", Protocols.HTTP.get_url_data("https://sourceforge.net"));
}

PowerShell

Invoke-WebRequest 'https://www.rosettacode.org'

$wc = New-Object Net.WebClient
$wc.DownloadString('https://sourceforge.net')

If the certificate could not be validated (untrusted, self-signed, expired), then an Exception is thrown with the message “The underlying connection was closed: Could not establish trust relationship for the SSL/TLS secure channel.” so certificate validation is done automatically by the method.

Python

Python's urllib.request library, has support for SSL if the interpreter's underlying httplib libraries were compiled with SSL support. By default this will be the enabled for default Python installations on most platforms.

import urllib.request
print(urllib.request.urlopen("https://sourceforge.net/").read())

R

Library: RCurl

Library: XML

The basic idea is to use getURL (as with HTTP_Request), but with some extra parameters.

library(RCurl)
webpage <- getURL("https://sourceforge.net/", .opts=list(followlocation=TRUE, ssl.verifyhost=FALSE, ssl.verifypeer=FALSE))

In this case, the webpage output contains unprocessed characters, e.g. \" instead of " and \\ instead of \, so we need to process the markup.

wp <- readLines(tc <- textConnection(webpage))
close(tc)

Finally, we parse the HTML and find the interesting bit.

pagetree <- htmlTreeParse(wp)
pagetree$children$html

Racket

#lang racket
(require net/url)
(copy-port (get-pure-port (string->url "https://www.google.com")
                          #:redirections 100)
           (current-output-port))

Raku

(formerly Perl 6)

Works with: Rakudo version 2017.09

There are several modules that provide HTTPS capability. WWW and HTTP::UserAgent are probably the most popular right now, but others exist.

use WWW;
say get 'https://sourceforge.net/';

or

use HTTP::UserAgent;
say HTTP::UserAgent.new.get('https://sourceforge.net/').content;

REALbasic

REALBasic provides an HTTPSecureSocket class for handling HTTPS connections. The 'Get' method of the HTTPSecureSocket is overloaded and can download data to a file or return data as a string, in both cases an optional timeout argument can be passed.

      Dim sock As New HTTPSecureSocket
      Print(sock.Get("https://sourceforge.net", 10))  //set the timeout period to 10 seconds.

Ring

cStr= download("http://sourceforge.net/")
see cStr + nl

RLaB

See HTTP#RLaB

Ruby

This solution doesn't use the open-uri convenience package that the HTTP Request#Ruby solution uses: the Net::HTTP object must be told to use SSL before the session is started.

require 'net/https'
require 'uri'
require 'pp'

uri = URI.parse('https://sourceforge.net')
http = Net::HTTP.new(uri.host,uri.port)
http.use_ssl = true
http.verify_mode = OpenSSL::SSL::VERIFY_NONE

http.start do
  content = http.get(uri)
  p [content.code, content.message]
  pp content.to_hash
  puts content.body
end

outputs

["302", "Found"]
{"location"=>["http://sourceforge.net/"],
 "content-type"=>["text/html; charset=UTF-8"],
 "connection"=>["close"],
 "server"=>["nginx/0.7.60"],
 "date"=>["Sun, 30 Aug 2009 20:20:07 GMT"],
 "content-length"=>["229"],
 "set-cookie"=>
  ["sf.consume=89f65c6fadd222338b2f3de6f8e8a17b2c8f67c2gAJ9cQEoVQhfZXhwaXJlc3ECY2RhdGV0aW1lCmRhdGV0aW1lCnEDVQoH9gETAw4HAAAAhVJxBFUDX2lkcQVVIDEyOWI2MmVkOWMwMWYxYWZiYzE5Y2JhYzcwZDMxYTE4cQZVDl9hY2Nlc3NlZF90aW1lcQdHQdKmt73UN21VDl9jcmVhdGlvbl90aW1lcQhHQdKmt73UN2V1Lg==; expires=Tue, 19-Jan-2038 03:14:07 GMT; Path=/"]}
<html>
 <head>
  <title>302 Found</title>
 </head>
 <body>
  <h1>302 Found</h1>
  The resource was found at <a href="http://sourceforge.net/">http://sourceforge.net/</a>;
you should be redirected automatically.


 </body>
</html>

Rust

extern crate reqwest;

fn main() {
    let response = match reqwest::blocking::get("https://sourceforge.net") {
        Ok(response) => response,
        Err(e) => panic!("error encountered while making request: {:?}", e),
    };

    println!("{}", response.text().unwrap());
}

Output:

<!-- Server: sfs-consume-7 -->
<html class="no-js" lang="en">
    <head>
        <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
        <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, user-scalable=no" />


        <script>
    var __gdpr = true;
    var __ccpa = false;
...

Scala

Library: Scala

import scala.io.Source

object HttpsTest extends App {
  System.setProperty("http.agent", "*")
   
  Source.fromURL("https://sourceforge.net").getLines.foreach(println)
}

Seed7

The library gethttps.s7i defines the function getHttps which uses the HTTPS protocol go get a file.

$ include "seed7_05.s7i";
  include "gethttps.s7i";
  include "utf8.s7i";

const proc: main is func
  begin
    writeln(STD_UTF8_OUT, getHttps("sourceforge.net"));
  end func;

Sidef

require('LWP::UserAgent')
require('LWP::Protocol::https')

func get(url) {
    static ua = %O<LWP::UserAgent>.new(
        agent => 'Mozilla/5.0',
        ssl_opts => Hash(verify_hostname => 1),
    )
    var resp = ua.get(url)
    if (resp.is_success) {
        return resp.decoded_content
    }
    die "Failed to GET #{url}: #{resp.status_line}"
}

say get("https://rosettacode.org")

Swift

import Foundation

// With https
let request = NSURLRequest(URL: NSURL(string: "https://sourceforge.net")!)

NSURLConnection.sendAsynchronousRequest(request, queue: NSOperationQueue()) {res, data, err in // callback
    
    // data is binary
    if (data != nil) {
        let string = NSString(data: data!, encoding: NSUTF8StringEncoding)
        println(string)
    }
}

CFRunLoopRun() // dispatch

Tcl

Though Tcl's built-in http package does not understand SSL, it does support the registration of external handlers to accommodate additional protocols. This allows the use of the Tls package to supply the missing functionality with only a single line to complete the registration.

package require http
package require tls

# Tell the http package what to do with “https:” URLs.
#
# First argument is the protocol name, second the default port, and
# third the connection builder command
http::register "https" 443 ::tls::socket
 
# Make a secure connection, which is almost identical to normal
# connections except for the different protocol in the URL.
set token [http::geturl "https://sourceforge.net/"]
 
# Now as for conventional use of the “http” package
puts [http::data $token]
http::cleanup $token

TUSCRIPT

$$ MODE TUSCRIPT
SET DATEN = REQUEST ("https://sourceforge.net")
*{daten}

UNIX Shell

curl -k -s -L https://sourceforge.net/

VBScript

Library: Microsoft.XmlHTTP

Based on code at How to retrieve HTML web pages with VBScript via the Microsoft.XmlHttp object

Option Explicit

Const sURL="https://sourceforge.net/"

Dim oHTTP
Set oHTTP = CreateObject("Microsoft.XmlHTTP")

On Error Resume Next
oHTTP.Open "GET", sURL, False
oHTTP.Send ""
If Err.Number = 0 Then
     WScript.Echo oHTTP.responseText
Else
     Wscript.Echo "error " & Err.Number & ": " & Err.Description
End If

Set oHTTP = Nothing

Visual Basic

Library: Microsoft.WinHttp

Works with: Visual Basic version 5

Works with: Visual Basic version 6

Works with: VBA version Access 97

Works with: VBA version 6.5

Works with: VBA version 7.1

Sub Main()
Dim HttpReq As WinHttp.WinHttpRequest
'  in the "references" dialog of the IDE, check
'  "Microsoft WinHTTP Services, version 5.1" (winhttp.dll)
Const HTTPREQUEST_PROXYSETTING_PROXY        As Long = 2
Const WINHTTP_FLAG_SECURE_PROTOCOL_TLS1     As Long = &H80&
Const WINHTTP_FLAG_SECURE_PROTOCOL_TLS1_1   As Long = &H200&
Const WINHTTP_FLAG_SECURE_PROTOCOL_TLS1_2   As Long = &H800&
#Const USE_PROXY = 1
  Set HttpReq = New WinHttp.WinHttpRequest
  HttpReq.Open "GET", "https://groups.google.com/robots.txt"
  HttpReq.Option(WinHttpRequestOption_SecureProtocols) = WINHTTP_FLAG_SECURE_PROTOCOL_TLS1 Or _
                                                         WINHTTP_FLAG_SECURE_PROTOCOL_TLS1_1 Or _
                                                         WINHTTP_FLAG_SECURE_PROTOCOL_TLS1_2
#If USE_PROXY Then
  HttpReq.SetProxy HTTPREQUEST_PROXYSETTING_PROXY, "my_proxy:80"
#End If
  HttpReq.SetTimeouts 1000, 1000, 1000, 1000
  HttpReq.Send
  Debug.Print HttpReq.ResponseText
End Sub

Visual Basic .NET

Imports System.Net

Dim client As WebClient = New WebClient()
Dim content As String = client.DownloadString("https://sourceforge.net")
Console.WriteLine(content)

Wren

Translation of: C

Library: libcurl

An embedded program so we can ask the C host to communicate with libcurl for us.

/* HTTPS.wren */

var CURLOPT_URL = 10002
var CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION = 52
var CURLOPT_ERRORBUFFER = 10010

foreign class Curl {
    construct easyInit() {}

    foreign easySetOpt(opt, param)

    foreign easyPerform()

    foreign easyCleanup()
}

var curl = Curl.easyInit()
if (curl == 0) {
    System.print("Error initializing cURL.")
    return
}
curl.easySetOpt(CURLOPT_URL, "https://www.w3.org/")
curl.easySetOpt(CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION, 1)
curl.easySetOpt(CURLOPT_ERRORBUFFER, 0) // buffer to be supplied by C

var status = curl.easyPerform()
if (status != 0) {
    System.print("Failed to perform task.")
    return
}
curl.easyCleanup()

We now embed this in the following C program, compile and run it.

/* gcc HTTPS.c -o HTTPS -lcurl -lwren -lm  */

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <curl/curl.h>
#include "wren.h"

/* C <=> Wren interface functions */

void C_curlAllocate(WrenVM* vm) {
    CURL** pcurl = (CURL**)wrenSetSlotNewForeign(vm, 0, 0, sizeof(CURL*));
    *pcurl = curl_easy_init();
}

void C_easyPerform(WrenVM* vm) {
    CURL* curl = *(CURL**)wrenGetSlotForeign(vm, 0);
    CURLcode cc = curl_easy_perform(curl);
    wrenSetSlotDouble(vm, 0, (double)cc);
}

void C_easyCleanup(WrenVM* vm) {
    CURL* curl = *(CURL**)wrenGetSlotForeign(vm, 0);
    curl_easy_cleanup(curl);
}

void C_easySetOpt(WrenVM* vm) {
    CURL* curl = *(CURL**)wrenGetSlotForeign(vm, 0);
    CURLoption opt = (CURLoption)wrenGetSlotDouble(vm, 1);
    if (opt < 10000) {
        long lparam = (long)wrenGetSlotDouble(vm, 2);
        curl_easy_setopt(curl, opt, lparam);
    } else {
        if (opt == CURLOPT_URL) {
            const char *url = wrenGetSlotString(vm, 2);
            curl_easy_setopt(curl, opt, url);
        } else if (opt == CURLOPT_ERRORBUFFER) {
            char buffer[CURL_ERROR_SIZE];
            curl_easy_setopt(curl, opt, buffer);
        }
    }
}

WrenForeignClassMethods bindForeignClass(WrenVM* vm, const char* module, const char* className) {
    WrenForeignClassMethods methods;
    methods.allocate = NULL;
    methods.finalize = NULL;
    if (strcmp(module, "main") == 0) {
        if (strcmp(className, "Curl") == 0) {
            methods.allocate = C_curlAllocate;
        }
    }
    return methods;
}

WrenForeignMethodFn bindForeignMethod(
    WrenVM* vm,
    const char* module,
    const char* className,
    bool isStatic,
    const char* signature) {
    if (strcmp(module, "main") == 0) {
        if (strcmp(className, "Curl") == 0) {
            if (!isStatic && strcmp(signature, "easySetOpt(_,_)") == 0) return C_easySetOpt;
            if (!isStatic && strcmp(signature, "easyPerform()") == 0)   return C_easyPerform;
            if (!isStatic && strcmp(signature, "easyCleanup()") == 0)   return C_easyCleanup;
        }
    }
    return NULL;
}

static void writeFn(WrenVM* vm, const char* text) {
    printf("%s", text);
}

void errorFn(WrenVM* vm, WrenErrorType errorType, const char* module, const int line, const char* msg) {
    switch (errorType) {
        case WREN_ERROR_COMPILE:
            printf("[%s line %d] [Error] %s\n", module, line, msg);
            break;
        case WREN_ERROR_STACK_TRACE:
            printf("[%s line %d] in %s\n", module, line, msg);
            break;
        case WREN_ERROR_RUNTIME:
            printf("[Runtime Error] %s\n", msg);
            break;
    }
}

char *readFile(const char *fileName) {
    FILE *f = fopen(fileName, "r");
    fseek(f, 0, SEEK_END);
    long fsize = ftell(f);
    rewind(f);
    char *script = malloc(fsize + 1);
    fread(script, 1, fsize, f);
    fclose(f);
    script[fsize] = 0;
    return script;
}

int main(int argc, char **argv) {
    WrenConfiguration config;
    wrenInitConfiguration(&config);
    config.writeFn = &writeFn;
    config.errorFn = &errorFn;
    config.bindForeignClassFn = &bindForeignClass;
    config.bindForeignMethodFn = &bindForeignMethod;
    WrenVM* vm = wrenNewVM(&config);
    const char* module = "main";
    const char* fileName = "HTTPS.wren";
    char *script = readFile(fileName);
    WrenInterpretResult result = wrenInterpret(vm, module, script);
    switch (result) {
        case WREN_RESULT_COMPILE_ERROR:
            printf("Compile Error!\n");
            break;
        case WREN_RESULT_RUNTIME_ERROR:
            printf("Runtime Error!\n");
            break;
        case WREN_RESULT_SUCCESS:
            break;
    }
    wrenFreeVM(vm);
    free(script);
    return 0;
}

zkl

Using the cURL library to do the heavy lifting:

zkl: var ZC=Import("zklCurl")
zkl: var data=ZC().get("https://sourceforge.net")
L(Data(36,265),826,0)

get returns the text of the response along with two counts: the bytes of header in front of the html code and the byte count of stuff after the end of the page. So, if you wanted to look at the header:

zkl: data[0][0,data[1]).text
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: nginx
Date: Sun, 23 Mar 2014 07:36:51 GMT
Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8
Connection: close
...

or some of the html:

zkl: data[0][data[1],200).text
<!doctype html>
<!-- Server: sfs-consume-8 -->

<!--[if lt IE 7 ]> <html lang="en" class="no-js ie6"> <![endif]-->
<!--[if IE 7 ]>    <html lang="en" class="no-js ie7"> <![endif]-->
<!--[if IE 8 ]>