Entropy/Narcissist

Entropy/Narcissist is a draft programming task. It is not yet considered ready to be promoted as a complete task, for reasons that should be found in its talk page.

Write a program that computes and shows its own entropy.

Related Tasks:

• Fibonacci_word
• Entropy

AutoHotkey

Works with: AutoHotkey 1.1

<lang AutoHotkey>FileRead, var, *C %A_ScriptFullPath% MsgBox, % Entropy(var)

Entropy(n) {

   a := [], len := StrLen(n), m := n
   while StrLen(m) {
       s := SubStr(m, 1, 1)
       m := RegExReplace(m, s, "", c)
       a[s] := c
   }
   for key, val in a {
       m := Log(p := val / len)
       e -= p * m / Log(2)
   }
   return, e

}</lang>

Output:

5.942956

C

Minor edit to the Entropy answer.

Assumes that the source file is stored in the working directory as "entropy.c". <lang c>#include <stdio.h>

1. include <stdlib.h>
2. include <stdbool.h>
3. include <string.h>
4. include <math.h>

1. define MAXLEN 961 //maximum string length

int makehist(char *S,int *hist,int len){ int wherechar[256]; int i,histlen; histlen=0; for(i=0;i<256;i++)wherechar[i]=-1; for(i=0;i<len;i++){ if(wherechar[(int)S[i]]==-1){ wherechar[(int)S[i]]=histlen; histlen++; } hist[wherechar[(int)S[i]]]++; } return histlen; }

double entropy(int *hist,int histlen,int len){ int i; double H; H=0; for(i=0;i<histlen;i++){ H-=(double)hist[i]/len*log2((double)hist[i]/len); } return H; }

int main(void){ char S[MAXLEN]; int len,*hist,histlen; double H; FILE *f; f=fopen("entropy.c","r"); for(len=0;!feof(f);len++)S[len]=fgetc(f); S[--len]='\0'; hist=(int*)calloc(len,sizeof(int)); histlen=makehist(S,hist,len); //hist now has no order (known to the program) but that doesn't matter H=entropy(hist,histlen,len); printf("%lf\n",H); return 0; }</lang>

Output:

<lang>5.195143</lang>

D

<lang d>void main(in string[] args) {

   import std.stdio, std.algorithm, std.math, std.file;

   auto data = sort(cast(ubyte[])args[0].read);
   return data
          .group
          .map!(g => g[1] / double(data.length))
          .map!(p => -p * p.log2)
          .sum
          .writeln;

}</lang>

Output:

6.29803

Emacs Lisp

<lang lisp>(defun shannon-entropy (input)

 (let ((freq-table (make-hash-table))

(entropy 0) (length (+ (length input) 0.0)))

   (mapcar (lambda (x)

(puthash x (+ 1 (gethash x freq-table 0)) freq-table)) input)

   (maphash (lambda (k v)

(set 'entropy (+ entropy (* (/ v length) (log (/ v length) 2))))) freq-table)

 (- entropy)))

(defun narcissist ()

 (shannon-entropy (with-temp-buffer

(insert-file-contents "U:/rosetta/narcissist.el") (buffer-string))))</lang>

Output:

<lang lisp>(narcissist) 4.5129548515535785</lang>

Go

<lang go>package main

import (

   "fmt"
   "io/ioutil"
   "log"
   "math"
   "os"
   "runtime"

)

func main() {

   _, src, _, _ := runtime.Caller(0)
   fmt.Println("Source file entropy:", entropy(src))
   fmt.Println("Binary file entropy:", entropy(os.Args[0]))

}

func entropy(file string) float64 {

   d, err := ioutil.ReadFile(file)
   if err != nil {
       log.Fatal(err)
   }
   var f [256]float64
   for _, b := range d {
       f[b]++
   }
   hm := 0.
   for _, c := range f {
       if c > 0 {
           hm += c * math.Log2(c)
       }
   }
   l := float64(len(d))
   return math.Log2(l) - hm/l

}</lang>

Output:

Source file entropy: 5.038501725029859
Binary file entropy: 5.388171194771937

J

Solution:<lang j> entropy=: +/@:-@(* 2&^.)@(#/.~ % #)

  1!:2&2 entropy 1!:1 (4!:4 <'entropy') { 4!:3</lang>

Example:<lang j> load 'entropy.ijs' 4.73307</lang>

PARI/GP

<lang parigp>entropy(s)=s=Vec(s);my(v=vecsort(s,,8));-sum(i=1,#v,(x->x*log(x))(sum(j=1,#s,v[i]==s[j])/#s))/log(2); entropy(Str(entropy))</lang>

Output:

%1 = 4.54978213

Perl

<lang Perl>#!/usr/bin/perl use strict ; use warnings ; use feature 'say' ;

sub log2 {

  my $number = shift ;
  return log( $number ) / log( 2 ) ;

}

open my $fh , "<" , $ARGV[ 0 ] or die "Can't open $ARGV[ 0 ]$!\n" ; my %frequencies ; my $totallength = 0 ; while ( my $line = <$fh> ) {

  chomp $line ;
  next if $line =~ /^$/ ;
  map { $frequencies{ $_ }++ } split( // , $line ) ;
  $totallength += length ( $line ) ;

} close $fh ; my $infocontent = 0 ; for my $letter ( keys %frequencies ) {

  my $content = $frequencies{ $letter } / $totallength ;
  $infocontent += $content * log2( $content ) ;

} $infocontent *= -1 ; say "The information content of the source file is $infocontent !" ;</lang>

Output:

The information content of the source file is 4.6487923749222 !

Perl 6

<lang Perl 6>say log(2) R/ [+] map -> \p { p * -log p }, .bag.values >>/>> +$_

   given slurp($*PROGRAM_NAME).comb</lang>

Output:

4.89351613053006

Python

Works with: Python 3.4

Minor edit to the Entropy answer.

<lang Python>import math from collections import Counter

def entropy(s):

   p, lns = Counter(s), float(len(s))
   return -sum( count/lns * math.log(count/lns, 2) for count in p.values())

with open('c:/E.py') as f:

   b=f.read()
   

print(entropy(b))</lang>

Output:

4.57672378235371

Racket

The entropy of the program below is 4.512678555350348. <lang racket>

1. lang racket

(require math) (define (log2 x) (/ (log x) (log 2))) (define ds (string->list (file->string "entropy.rkt"))) (define n (length ds)) (- (for/sum ([(d c) (in-hash (samples->hash ds))])

    (* (/ c n) (log2 (/ c n)))))

</lang>

REXX

REXX doesn't have a BIF (built-in function) for   log   or   ln,   so the subroutine (function)   log2   is included herein. <lang rexx>/*REXX program calculates the "information entropy" for this REXX program.*/ numeric digits 50 /*use 50 decimal digits for precision. */

1. =0; @.=0; $=; $$=; recs=sourceline() /*define some handy─dandy REXX vars. */

             do m=1  for recs         /* [↓]  obtain program source and ──► $*/
             $=$ || sourceline(m)     /*get a sourceLine of this REXX program*/
             end   /*m*/              /* [↑]  $ str won't have any meta chars*/

L=length($) /*the byte length of this REXX program.*/

     do j=1  for L;  _=substr($,j,1)  /*process each character in  $  string.*/
     if @._==0  then do;  #=#+1       /*¿Character unique?  Bump char counter*/
                          $$=$$ || _  /*add this character to the  $$  list. */
                     end
     @._=@._+1                        /*keep track of this character's count.*/
     end   /*j*/                      /* [↑]  characters are all 8─bit bytes.*/

sum=0 /*calculate info entropy for each char.*/

     do i=1  for #;  _=substr($$,i,1) /*obtain a character from unique list. */
     sum=sum  -  @._/L  * log2(@._/L) /*add {negatively} the char entropies. */
     end   /*i*/

say ' program length: ' L /*pgm length doesn't include meta chars*/ say 'program statements: ' recs /*pgm statements are actually pgm lines*/ say ' unique characters: ' #; say /*characters are 8─bit bytes of the pgm*/ say 'the information entropy of this REXX program ──► ' format(sum,,12) exit /*stick a fork in it, we're all done. */ /*──────────────────────────────────LOG2 subroutine───────────────────────────*/ log2: procedure; parse arg x 1 ox; ig= x>1.5; is=1-2*(ig\==1); ii=0 numeric digits digits()+5 /* [↓] precision of E must be ≥ digits().*/ e=2.7182818284590452353602874713526624977572470936999595749669676277240766303535

   do  while  ig & ox>1.5 | \ig&ox<.5;   _=e;     do k=-1;  iz=ox* _**-is
   if k>=0 & (ig & iz<1 | \ig&iz>.5)  then leave;  _=_*_;  izz=iz; end
   ox=izz;  ii=ii+is*2**k;  end;           x=x* e**-ii-1;  z=0;   _=-1;   p=z
     do k=1;   _=-_*x;   z=z+_/k;     if z=p  then leave;  p=z;   end  /*k*/
   r=z+ii;  if arg()==2  then return r;       return r/log2(2,.)</lang>

Output:

    program length:  2324
program statements:  34
 unique characters:  79

The information entropy of this REXX program ──►  4.596939937272

Ruby

<lang ruby>def entropy(s)

 counts = s.each_char.with_object(Hash.new(0.0)) {|c,h| h[c] += 1}
 counts.values.reduce(0) do |entropy, count|
   freq = count / s.size
   entropy - freq * Math.log2(freq)
 end

end s = File.read(__FILE__) p entropy(s)</lang>

Output:

4.885234973253878

Tcl

Note that this code doesn't bother to close the open handle on the script; it is only suitable as a demonstration program. <lang tcl>proc entropy {str} {

   set log2 [expr log(2)]
   foreach char [split $str ""] {dict incr counts $char}
   set entropy 0.0
   foreach count [dict values $counts] {

set freq [expr {$count / double([string length $str])}] set entropy [expr {$entropy - $freq * log($freq)/$log2}]

   }
   return $entropy

}

puts [format "entropy = %.5f" [entropy [read [open [info script]]]]]</lang>

Output:

entropy = 4.59099

zkl

Minor edit to the Entropy answer. <lang zkl>fcn entropy(text){

  text.pump(Void,fcn(c,freq){ c=c.toAsc(); freq[c]=freq[c]+1; freq }
      .fp1((0).pump(256,List,(0.0).create.fp(0)).copy()))
  .filter()		      // remove all zero entries
  .apply('/(text.len()))     // (num of char)/len
  .apply(fcn(p){-p*p.log()}) // |p*ln(p)|
  .sum(0.0)/(2.0).log();     // sum * ln(e)/ln(2) to convert to log2

}

entropy(File("entropy.zkl").read().text).println();</lang>

Output:

4.8422