Assigning Values to an Array
Please do not add new code, and move existing code to the Arrays task.
In this task, the goal is to assign a value to an element of an array. The value should only replace an existing value, and not insert a new key should the key not exist. If the key does not exist, an error should be returned.
ActionScript
arr[0] = 1; arr[1] = 'a'; arr[2] = 5.678;
Ada
<lang ada>package Pkg is
type Arr is array (Positive range <>) of Integer;
procedure Assign (Value : Integer; To : in out Arr; Index : Positive);
-- Raise exception Constraint_Error if Index > To'Last
end Pkg;
package body Pkg is
procedure Assign (Value : Integer; To : in out Arr; Index : Positive) is
begin
To (Index) := Value;
end Assign;
end Pkg;</lang>
ALGOL 68
<lang algol68># Declarations: #
FLEX [1:8] INT array:=(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8); INT index=1, from=3, to=5, value=333;
- Simple bound checking:#
IF LWB array <= index AND UPB array >= index THEN
- For a single index/value assignment:#
array[index] := value;
- To assign multiple values to multiple indices/slice:#
array[from:to] := (33,44,55);
- Replaces the 4th, 5th and 6th elements with the 33, 44 and 55.
To append/grow the end of the array:#
PROC append int = (REF FLEX [] INT a, INT v)VOID: (
HEAP FLEX [LWB a:UPB a + 1] INT out;
out[:UPB a]:= a;
out[UPB out] := v;
a := out
);
append int(array,value);
print((array,new line))
FI</lang>
Result:
+333 +2 +33 +44 +55 +6 +7 +8 +333
APL
array[index]←value
APL is array-oriented, and so there are many different and powerful ways to index and assign arrays. Asking an APLer how one assigns a value to an array index is like asking an Eskimo how one says "snow". The above is just tip of the iceberg (i.e. a direct translation of the non-array-oriented code examples on this page).
AppleScript
set item location of array to value
To put an item on the end of a list:
set end of array to item
AWK
In the first example, a["hello"] is overwritten; in the second, a["hellx"] is not added. <lang awk> $ awk 'BEGIN{a["hello"]="salut";if("hello" in a)a["hello"]="bonjour";for(i in a)print i,a[i]}' hello bonjour
$ awk 'BEGIN{a["hello"]="salut";if("hellx" in a)a["hellx"]="bonjour";for(i in a)print i,a[i]}' hello salut </lang> The above code does not raise an error if the array element does not exist. I am not sure how to raise a deliberate error in awk, but 1/0 comes in handy, if really required: <lang AWK>$ awk 'BEGIN{a["hello"]="salut";if("hellx" in a)a["hellx"]="bonjour";else 1/0;for(i in a)print i,a[i]}' awk: cmd. line:1: fatal: division by zero attempted</lang>
Brainf***
To assign values 5, 6, and 7 to array elements 1,2,3:
[-]>[-]>[-] zero array elements << go back to index 1 +++++ move value 5 to element 1 >++++++ move value 6 to element 2 >+++++++ move value 7 to element 3
C
<lang c> #include <sys/types.h>
int writeToIntArray(int *array, size_t array_sz, int loc, int val)
{
/* Check bounds on array */
if (loc > array_sz || loc < 0)
return -1;
array[loc] = val;
return 0;
}</lang>
C #
Language Version: 1.0+ <lang csharp>
public void WriteToIntArray(int[] array, int loc, int val)
{
//if the index (zero based) we want to use is greater/equal to our length (one based) throw an exception
if (loc >= array.Length) throw new Exception("Location is out of range.");
//write value to array
array[loc] = val;
}
</lang>
C++
template<class T, std::size:t size>
inline int writeToArray(T (&array)[size], size_t loc, const T& val)
{
if (loc >= size)
return -1; // Could throw an exception if so desired
array[loc] = val;
return 0;
}
template<class C>
inline void writeToArray(C& container, typename C::size_type loc, const typename C::value_type& val)
{
std::fill_n(container.begin() + loc, 1, val);
}
ColdFusion
<cffunction name="writeToArray">
<cfargument name="array">
<cfargument name="location">
<cfargument name="value">
<cfif arrayLen(arguments.array) GTE arguments.location>
<cfset arguments.array[arguments.location] = arguments.value>
<cfelse>
<cfthrow message="Location does not exist">
</cfif>
<cfreturn arguments.array>
</cffunction>
<cfset myArray = arrayNew(1)>
<cfset myArray[1] = 1>
<cfset myArray = writeToArray(myArray, 1, 123456)>
Note that throwing errors in ColdFusion doesn't give that "friendly" appearance. The standard way to change/add a value in an array would be simply:
<cfset myArray[3] = 987654>
Common Lisp
(setf (aref array index) value)
D
void setValue(T) (T[] array, size_t index, T newValue) { array[index] = newValue; }
E
In E, you may expect that the FlexList data type is an array or something similarly efficient. However, a FlexList will implicitly extend itself if you give an index equal to the current size. Therefore, to implement the specified task:
<lang e> if (index < array.size()) {
array[index] := newValue
} else {
throw(`$index is out of bounds 0..!${array.size()}`)
} </lang>
The basic assignment operation, a[b] := c, is syntactic sugar; it is equivalent to a.put(b, c), except that it returns c rather than the result of the call.
Delphi
procedure WriteToIntArray(var Arr: array of Integer; Loc: Integer; Val: Integer);
begin
Arr[Loc] := Val;
end;
Fortran
In ISO Fortran 90 or later, use an array initializer (with RESHAPE intrinsic for multidimensional arrays):
real, dimension(50) :: a = (/ (1.0/(i*i),i=1,50) /) real, dimension(6) :: b = (/ 0, 60, 120, 180, 240, 300 /) real, dimension(4,4) :: i4 = reshape( (/ 1,0,0,0, 0,1,0,0, 0,0,1,0, 0,0,0,1 /), (/ 4, 4 /) )
In ISO Fortran 90 or later, use array section syntax to assign sections of an array:
b(1:4) = i4(1,:) ! gets row 1 of i4 into first 4 elements of b
a(1:7:2) = i4(:,3) ! gets column 3 of i4 into first 4 odd-numbered elements of a (stride of 2)
i4(2:4,2:4) = i4(1:3,1:3) ! gets 3x3 subarray of i4 starting at row 1, column 1
! into 3x3 subarray of i4 starting at row 2, column 2
Compiler: Any ANSI FORTRAN 77 or later (e.g. g77)
a(55) = 12
F#
let arr = [| 0; 1; 2; 3 |] arr.[0] <- 100 Array.set arr 1 101 // alternative method
Groovy
Groovy, like every other C-derived language in the known universe, uses ZERO-based array/list indexing.
<lang groovy>def array = [0]*3 // three elements all initialized to zero
println array
array[1] = 1
println array
def strings = ['Mary', 'had', 'a', 'little', 'lamb', ". It's", 'fleece', 'was', 'white', 'as', 'snow']
println strings
strings[0] = 'Arthur' strings[4] = 'towel' strings[6] = 'stain' strings[8] = 'ripe' strings[10] = 'strawberries'
println strings</lang>
Output:
[0, 0, 0] [0, 1, 0] ["Mary", "had", "a", "little", "lamb", ". It's", "fleece", "was", "white", "as", "snow"] ["Arthur", "had", "a", "little", "towel", ". It's", "stain", "was", "ripe", "as", "strawberries"]
Haskell
List
Most Haskell programs use lists instead of arrays. This is suitable for the general case.
Simple Version
setIndex
:: [a] -- Original list
-> Int -- Index to insert at
-> a -- Value to insert
-> [a] -- Resulting list
setIndex xs ii v =
let
(h, (_ : ts)) = splitAt ii xs
in
h ++ (v : ts)
Efficient Version
setIndex xs ii v
| ii < 0 = error "Bad index"
| otherwise = _setIndex xs ii v
where
_setIndex [] _ _ = error "Bad index"
_setIndex (_ : xs) 0 v = v : xs
_setIndex (x : xs) ii v = x : (setIndex xs (ii - 1) v)
Array
Technically, this creates clones the original array, then updates the new array; the original array still exists. This applies a list of changes to the array.
import Data.Array -- Create the array of data a1 = array (0, 4) [(ii, ii * 2) | ii <- [0 .. 4]] -- Update 1 entry a2 = a1 // [(2, 12)] -- Update several entries a3 = a1 // [(ii, ii + 10) | ii <- [1 .. 3]]
Mutable Array
import Data.Array.MArray
import Data.Array.IO
main = do -- Create the array of data with all elements intialized to 3
a <- newArray (0, 4) 3 :: IO (IOArray Int Int)
-- Print entry
readArray a 2 >>= print -- prints "3"
-- Update one entry
writeArray a 2 5
-- Print entry again
readArray a 2 >>= print -- prints "5"
J
array =: 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 99 (3}) array NB. Simple update 5 5 5 99 5 5 5 array =: 99 (3}) array NB. In place 88 99 88 (2 3 4}) array NB. Multiple update 5 5 88 99 88 5 5
mIRC Scripting Language
alias write2array { echo -a $array_write(MyArray, 2, 3, Rosetta) }
Mathematica
Just like Part can extract parts of expressions, it can also be used to assign an element to a value: <lang Mathematica>
a={x,y,z};
a2=7;
a
</lang> gives back: <lang Mathematica>
{x, 7, z}
</lang> Mathematica will give an error if the index is not correct. It doesn't crash the software, however it does print a warning indicating that the element does not exist and thus can't be changed. Note that index 0 is the Head of the expression and 1 is the first element. Negative indices indicate elements counted from the back, -1 being the last element. A safe alternative could be (it will print a message and return the original array if index out of range): <lang Mathematica> SaveAssign[list_, index_Integer, value_] := Module[{x = list},
If[index > Length[list] || index < 0, Print["index out of range"]; , xindex = value; ]; x ]
</lang> Example: <lang Mathematica>
a={x,y,z};
SaveAssign[a,2,7]
SaveAssign[a,4,7]
</lang> gives back: <lang Mathematica> {x, 7, z} index out of range {x,y,z} </lang>
MAXScript
arr[index] = value
MAXScript arrays dynamically resize when assigning to an index that previously didn't exist.
Nial
a := 1 2 3 4 a@1 := 100 a =1 100 3 4
Objective-C
- (void)addValue:(id)value toArray:(NSMutableArray *)array position:(unsigned)pos
{
[array insertObject:value atIndex:pos];
}
OCaml
arr.(loc) <- val; (* equivalent to: *) Array.set arr loc val;
Perl
For a single index/value assignment:
$array[$index] = $value;
To assign multiple values to multiple indices:
@array[@indexes] = @values;
To assign an array slice:
@array[3..5] = @values; # will replace the 4th, 5th and 6th elements with the first 3 values in @values
PHP
<?php
function writeToArray(&$array, $index, $value)
{
$array[$index] = $value;
}
// Usage example
writeToArray($array, 1, 6 );
?>
Note that this is a "function" based example, and the relevant acting code is the following
$array[$index] = $value;
This does not conform to the (somewhat arbitrary) specific requirements of the task, in that it does not return an error if the key index) does not exist. To satisfy the task requirements:
<?php
function writeToArray(&$array, $index, $value)
{
if(array_key_exists($index, $array)) $array[$index] = $value;
else return false;
}
// Usage example
writeToArray($array, 1, 6 );
?>
PL/SQL
Interpreter: Oracle compiler
set serveroutput on
declare
type myarray is table of number index by binary_integer;
x myarray;
i pls_integer;
begin
-- populate array
for i in 1..5 loop
x(i) := i;
end loop;
i :=0;
-- print array
loop
i := i + 1;
begin
dbms_output.put_line(x(i));
exception
when no_data_found then exit;
end;
end loop;
end;
/
Pop11
value -> array(index);
Note that normal Pop11 array signal error when accessing non existing values (all values within index bounds exist).
Python
To change existing item, (raise IndexError if the index does not exists): <lang python>
array[index] = value
</lang>
To append to the end of the array: <lang python>
array.append(value)
</lang>
It's also possible modify Python lists using "slices" which can replace, remove or insert elements into the array. For example:
<lang python>
mylist = [0,1,2,3] mylist[1:3] = [1, 1.2, 1.3] print mylist ## >>> [0, 1, 1.2, 1.3, 3] ## We've replaced 1 and 2 with 1, 1.2 and 1.3, effectively inserting 1.2 and 1.3 while removing the original third element (2)
</lang>
Hint: slice notation should be read as: "from starting index up to (but not including) ending index" -- a slice of [1:2] only references the single element sub-list containing the second item. To remember that they are zero based one might even read the slice more verbosely as: "from the n items past the beginning of the list, up to (but not including) ..."
It's even possible (though obscure) to use extended slices with a "stride" to replace every nth element of a list using something like:
<lang python> mylist = [0,1,2,3] mylist[0:4:2] = ['x', 'y'] # can also be written as mylist[::2] in this case, to cover the whole list print mylist
- >>> ['x', 1, 'y', 3]
</lang>
Python lists also support .insert(), and .remove() methods, for cases where the slice syntax might be awkward, and a Python list can be treated like a stack by using the .pop() and .append() methods. Finally a whole list or other sequence can be appended to a list using the .extend() method.
<lang python> mylist = [0,1] mylist.extend([2,3]) print mylist
- >>> [0, 1, 2, 3]
- mylist.append([2,3]) would have appended one item to the list
- ... and that item would have been list containing two nested items
</lang>
R
<lang R>
#Create array x <- runif(10) #Replace the value at the 7th position x[7] <- 99
</lang>
Scala
val array = new Array[Int](10) // create a 10 element array of integers array(3) = 44 array(22) = 11 // java.lang.ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException: 22
import scala.collection.mutable.ArrayBuffer val array2 = new ArrayBuffer[Int] array2 += 1 array2 += 2 array2 += 3 array2(1) // 2 (zero based indexing) array2(1) = 33 array2.toString // ArrayBuffer(1,33,3)
var l = List(1,2,3) l = 44 :: l // List(44,1,2,3) l(2) // 2
Slate
<lang slate> {1. 2. 3} `>> [at: 1 put: 500.]. "==> {1. 500. 3}" [{1. 2. 3} at: 100] on: Error do: [|:err| err return: Nil]. </lang>
Smalltalk
<lang smalltalk>"suppose array is bound to an array of 20 values" array at: 5 put: 'substitute fifth element'.
[ array at: 21 put: 'error' ]
on: SystemExceptions.IndexOutOfRange do: [ :sig | 'Out of range!' displayNl ].</lang>
Standard ML
Array.update (arr, loc, val);
Tcl
<lang tcl>proc setIfExist {theVariable value} {
upvar 1 $theVariable variable
if {[info exists theVariable]} {
set theVariable $value
} else {
error "$theVariable doesn't exist"
}
}</lang> Note that setIfExist is general purpose and works on regular variables as well as arrays: <lang tcl>setIfExist foo(bar) 10 ;# error if foo(bar) doesn't exist setIfExist x 10 ;# error if x doesn't exist</lang>
Toka
100 cells is-array foo 1000 10 foo array.put ( Put value '1000' into array 'foo' at slot '10' ) 10 chars is-array bar char: A 1 foo array.putChar ( Put value 'A' (ASCII code) into character array 'bar' at slot '1' )
Visual Basic
Language Version: 5.0+
Private Function writeToArray(intArray() As Integer, arraySize As Integer, loc As Integer, value As Integer) As Integer
If loc > arraySize Then
writeToArray = -1
Else
intArray(loc) = value
writeToArray = 0
End If
End Function
VBScript
Simple Example
Define our Array
Dim myArray (5)
Use a For Next loop to set the array data.
For i = 0 To 4 myArray(i) = i Next
Use a For Next loop and MsgBox to display the array data.
MsgBox("Print array values")
For i = 0 To 4
msgbox("myArray element " & i & " = " & myArray(i))
Next
Variable Array Length
Example where we don't know the required array size at the start and where we need to increase the array size as we go
Define an array - but we don't know how big yet.
Dim myArray2 ()
OK, now we know how big an array we need.
ReDim myArray2(3)
Load the array
For i = 0 To 2 myArray2(i) = i Next
Print the array
MsgBox("We've set the new array size and set the data")
For i = 0 To 2
MsgBox "myArray2 element " & i & " = " & myArray2(i)
Next
Now we need to make the array bigger. Note the Preserve keyword so that the existing data in the array is not lost when we resize it.
ReDim Preserve myArray2(5)
Load the array
For i = 3 To 4 myArray2(i) = i Next
Print the array
MsgBox ("We've increased the array size and loaded more data")
For i = 0 To 4
MsgBox "myArray2 element " & i & " = " & myArray2(i)
Next