21 game: Difference between revisions
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=={{header|Go}}== |
=={{header|Go}}== |
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<lang Go> |
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To give the human player a reasonable chance whoever goes first, the computer always chooses randomly when the running total is below 18 but otherwise chooses the exact number needed to win the game. |
To give the human player a reasonable chance whoever goes first, the computer always chooses randomly when the running total is below 18 but otherwise chooses the exact number needed to win the game. |
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<lang go>package main |
<lang go>package main |
Revision as of 19:28, 29 June 2020
You are encouraged to solve this task according to the task description, using any language you may know.
21 is a two player game, the game is played by choosing a number (1, 2, or 3) to be added to the running total.
The game is won by the player whose chosen number causes the running total to reach exactly 21.
The running total starts at zero.
One player will be the computer. Players alternate supplying a number to be added to the running total.
- Task
Write a computer program that will:
- do the prompting (or provide a button menu),
- check for errors and display appropriate error messages,
- do the additions (add a chosen number to the running total),
- display the running total,
- provide a mechanism for the player to quit/exit/halt/stop/close the program,
- issue a notification when there is a winner, and
- determine who goes first (possibly a random choice, or it can be specified when the game begins).
C#
<lang csharp> using System;
namespace _21Game {
public class Program { private const string computerPlayer = "Computer"; private const string humanPlayer = "Player 1";
public static string SwapPlayer(string currentPlayer) { if (currentPlayer == computerPlayer) { currentPlayer = humanPlayer; } else { currentPlayer = computerPlayer; }
return currentPlayer; }
public static void PlayGame() { bool playAnother = true; int total = 0; int final = 21; int roundChoice = 0; string currentPlayer = RandomPLayerSelect(); int compWins = 0; int humanWins = 0;
while (playAnother) { Console.WriteLine($"Now playing: {currentPlayer}"); try { if (currentPlayer == computerPlayer) { roundChoice = CompMove(total); } else { roundChoice = int.Parse(Console.ReadLine()); }
if (roundChoice != 1 && roundChoice != 2 && roundChoice != 3) { throw new Exception(); }
total += roundChoice; } catch (Exception) { Console.WriteLine("Invalid choice! Choose from numbers: 1, 2, 3."); continue; }
Console.WriteLine(total);
if (total == final) { if (currentPlayer == computerPlayer) { compWins++; } if (currentPlayer == humanPlayer) { humanWins++; } Console.WriteLine($"Winner: {currentPlayer}"); Console.WriteLine($"Comp wins: {compWins}. Human wins: {humanWins}"); Console.WriteLine($"do you wan to play another round? y/n"); var choice = Console.ReadLine(); if (choice == "y") { total = 0; } else if (choice == "n") { break; } else { Console.WriteLine("Invalid choice! Choose from y or n"); continue; } }
else if (total > 21) { Console.WriteLine("Not the right time to play this game :)"); break; }
currentPlayer = SwapPlayer(currentPlayer); } }
public static bool CheckIfCanWin(int total) { bool result = false; if (total == 18) { result = true; } return result; }
public static int CompMove(int total) { int choice = 0;
if (CheckIfCanWin(total)) { choice = 21 - total; } else { choice = new Random().Next(1,4); }
return choice; }
public static string RandomPLayerSelect() { string[] players = new string[] { computerPlayer, humanPlayer }; var random = new Random().Next(0,2); return players[random]; }
public static void Main(string[] args) { // welcome message and rules Console.WriteLine("Welcome to 21 game \n"); Console.WriteLine(@"21 is a two player game.
The game is played by choosing a number. 1, 2, or 3 to be added a total sum. \n The game is won by the player reaches exactly 21. \n" );
Console.WriteLine("Choose your number: (1, 2 or 3)");
PlayGame(); } }
}
Go
<lang Go> To give the human player a reasonable chance whoever goes first, the computer always chooses randomly when the running total is below 18 but otherwise chooses the exact number needed to win the game. <lang go>package main
import (
"bufio" "fmt" "log" "math/rand" "os" "strconv" "time"
)
var scanner = bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin)
var (
total = 0 quit = false
)
func itob(i int) bool {
if i == 0 { return false } return true
}
func getChoice() {
for { fmt.Print("Your choice 1 to 3 : ") scanner.Scan() if scerr := scanner.Err(); scerr != nil { log.Fatalln(scerr, "when choosing number") } text := scanner.Text() if text == "q" || text == "Q" { quit = true return } input, err := strconv.Atoi(text) if err != nil { fmt.Println("Invalid number, try again") continue } newTotal := total + input switch { case input < 1 || input > 3: fmt.Println("Out of range, try again") case newTotal > 21: fmt.Println("Too big, try again") default: total = newTotal fmt.Println("Running total is now", total) return } }
}
func main() {
rand.Seed(time.Now().UnixNano()) computer := itob(rand.Intn(2)) fmt.Println("Enter q to quit at any time\n") if computer { fmt.Println("The computer will choose first") } else { fmt.Println("You will choose first") } fmt.Println("\nRunning total is now 0\n") var choice int for round := 1; ; round++ { fmt.Printf("ROUND %d:\n\n", round) for i := 0; i < 2; i++ { if computer { if total < 18 { choice = 1 + rand.Intn(3) } else { choice = 21 - total } total += choice fmt.Println("The computer chooses", choice) fmt.Println("Running total is now", total) if total == 21 { fmt.Println("\nSo, commiserations, the computer has won!") return } } else { getChoice() if quit { fmt.Println("OK, quitting the game") return } if total == 21 { fmt.Println("\nSo, congratulations, you've won!") return } } fmt.Println() computer = !computer } }
}</lang>
- Output:
A sample game where the human player manages to win even though the computer (chosen randomly) goes first.
Enter q to quit at any time The computer will choose first Running total is now 0 ROUND 1: The computer chooses 1 Running total is now 1 Your choice 1 to 3 : 3 Running total is now 4 ROUND 2: The computer chooses 2 Running total is now 6 Your choice 1 to 3 : 4 Out of range, try again Your choice 1 to 3 : 3 Running total is now 9 ROUND 3: The computer chooses 2 Running total is now 11 Your choice 1 to 3 : 2 Running total is now 13 ROUND 4: The computer chooses 2 Running total is now 15 Your choice 1 to 3 : 2 Running total is now 17 ROUND 5: The computer chooses 1 Running total is now 18 Your choice 1 to 3 : 3 Running total is now 21 So, congratulations, you've won!
A sample game where the human player plays sensibly but still loses when the computer goes first.
Enter q to quit at any time The computer will choose first Running total is now 0 ROUND 1: The computer chooses 3 Running total is now 3 Your choice 1 to 3 : 3 Running total is now 6 ROUND 2: The computer chooses 3 Running total is now 9 Your choice 1 to 3 : 3 Running total is now 12 ROUND 3: The computer chooses 1 Running total is now 13 Your choice 1 to 3 : 3 Running total is now 16 ROUND 4: The computer chooses 1 Running total is now 17 Your choice 1 to 3 : 1 Running total is now 18 ROUND 5: The computer chooses 3 Running total is now 21 So, commiserations, the computer has won!
Haskell
The computer chooses values randomly. <lang haskell>import System.Random import System.IO import System.Exit import Control.Monad import Text.Read import Data.Maybe
promptAgain :: IO Int promptAgain = do
putStrLn "Invalid input - must be a number among 1,2 or 3. Try again." playerMove
playerMove :: IO Int playerMove = do
putStr "Your choice(1 to 3):" number <- getLine when (number == "q") $ do exitWith ExitSuccess let n = readMaybe number :: Maybe Int x <- if isNothing n then promptAgain else let val = read number in if (val > 3 || val < 1) then promptAgain else return val return x
computerMove :: IO Int computerMove = do
x <- randomRIO (1, 3) putStrLn $ "Computer move:" ++ (show x) return x
gameLoop :: (IO Int, IO Int) -> IO Int gameLoop moveorder = loop moveorder 0
where loop moveorder total = do number <- fst moveorder let total1 = number + total putStrLn $ "Running total:" ++ (show total1) if total1 >= 21 then return 0 else do number <- snd moveorder let total2 = number + total1 putStrLn $ "Running total:" ++ (show total2) if total2 >= 21 then return 1 else loop moveorder total2
main :: IO () main = do
hSetBuffering stdout $ BlockBuffering $ Just 1 putStrLn "Enter q to quit at any time" x <- randomRIO (0, 1) :: IO Int let (moveorder, names) = if x == 0 then ((playerMove, computerMove), ("Player", "Computer")) else ((computerMove, playerMove), ("Computer", "Player")) when (x == 1) $ do putStrLn "Computer will start the game" y <- gameLoop moveorder when (y == 0) $ do putStrLn $ (fst names) ++ " has won the game" when (y == 1) $ do putStrLn $ (snd names) ++ " has won the game"</lang>
Java
Options for creating a game:
- Who goes first on the first game. Thereafter, the winner of the current game goes first on the next game.
- The value needed to win the game.
- Valid values allowed to select on each turn.
Sample output provided for options as follows:
- Computer goes first on the first game.
- Value needed to win game is 21.
- Valid values to select is 1, 2, or 3.
The computer strategy is to see if a valid value will win the game. If so, that value is selected. Otherwise, a random value among the valid values is selected.
<lang java> import java.util.Random; import java.util.Scanner;
public class TwentyOneGame {
public static void main(String[] args) { new TwentyOneGame().run(true, 21, new int[] {1, 2, 3}); } public void run(boolean computerPlay, int max, int[] valid) { String comma = ""; for ( int i = 0 ; i < valid.length ; i++ ) { comma += valid[i]; if ( i < valid.length - 2 && valid.length >= 3 ) { comma += ", "; } if ( i == valid.length - 2 ) { comma += " or "; } } System.out.printf("The %d game.%nEach player chooses to add %s to a running total.%n" + "The player whose turn it is when the total reaches %d will win the game.%n" + "Winner of the game starts the next game. Enter q to quit.%n%n", max, comma, max); int cGames = 0; int hGames = 0; boolean anotherGame = true; try (Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);) { while ( anotherGame ) { Random r = new Random(); int round = 0; int total = 0; System.out.printf("Start game %d%n", hGames + cGames + 1); DONE: while ( true ) { round++; System.out.printf("ROUND %d:%n%n", round); for ( int play = 0 ; play < 2 ; play++ ) { if ( computerPlay ) { int guess = 0; // try find one equal for ( int test : valid ) { if ( total + test == max ) { guess = test; break; } } // try find one greater than if ( guess == 0 ) { for ( int test : valid ) { if ( total + test >= max ) { guess = test; break; } } } if ( guess == 0 ) { guess = valid[r.nextInt(valid.length)]; } total += guess; System.out.printf("The computer chooses %d%n", guess); System.out.printf("Running total is now %d%n%n", total); if ( total >= max ) { break DONE; } } else { while ( true ) { System.out.printf("Your choice among %s: ", comma); String line = scanner.nextLine(); if ( line.matches("^[qQ].*") ) { System.out.printf("Computer wins %d game%s, human wins %d game%s. One game incomplete.%nQuitting.%n", cGames, cGames == 1 ? "" : "s", hGames, hGames == 1 ? "" : "s"); return; } try { int input = Integer.parseInt(line); boolean inputOk = false; for ( int test : valid ) { if ( input == test ) { inputOk = true; break; } } if ( inputOk ) { total += input; System.out.printf("Running total is now %d%n%n", total); if ( total >= max ) { break DONE; } break; } else { System.out.printf("Invalid input - must be a number among %s. Try again.%n", comma); } } catch (NumberFormatException e) { System.out.printf("Invalid input - must be a number among %s. Try again.%n", comma); } } } computerPlay = !computerPlay; } } String win; if ( computerPlay ) { win = "Computer wins!!"; cGames++; } else { win = "You win and probably had help from another computer!!"; hGames++; } System.out.printf("%s%n", win); System.out.printf("Computer wins %d game%s, human wins %d game%s%n%n", cGames, cGames == 1 ? "" : "s", hGames, hGames == 1 ? "" : "s"); while ( true ) { System.out.printf("Another game (y/n)? "); String line = scanner.nextLine(); if ( line.matches("^[yY]$") ) { // OK System.out.printf("%n"); break; } else if ( line.matches("^[nN]$") ) { anotherGame = false; System.out.printf("Quitting.%n"); break; } else { System.out.printf("Invalid input - must be a y or n. Try again.%n"); } } } } }
} </lang>
- Output:
A sample of 3 games.
The 21 game. Each player chooses to add 1, 2 or 3 to a running total. The player whose turn it is when the total reaches 21 will win the game. Winner of the game starts the next game. Enter q to quit. Start game 1 ROUND 1: The computer chooses 3 Running total is now 3 Your choice among 1, 2 or 3: 4 Invalid input - must be a number among 1, 2 or 3. Try again. Your choice among 1, 2 or 3: r Invalid input - must be a number among 1, 2 or 3. Try again. Your choice among 1, 2 or 3: 1 Running total is now 4 ROUND 2: The computer chooses 1 Running total is now 5 Your choice among 1, 2 or 3: 3 Running total is now 8 ROUND 3: The computer chooses 1 Running total is now 9 Your choice among 1, 2 or 3: 3 Running total is now 12 ROUND 4: The computer chooses 3 Running total is now 15 Your choice among 1, 2 or 3: 2 Running total is now 17 ROUND 5: The computer chooses 3 Running total is now 20 Your choice among 1, 2 or 3: 1 Running total is now 21 You win and probably had help from another computer!! Computer wins 0 games, human wins 1 game Another game (y/n)? y Start game 2 ROUND 1: Your choice among 1, 2 or 3: 3 Running total is now 3 The computer chooses 1 Running total is now 4 ROUND 2: Your choice among 1, 2 or 3: 3 Running total is now 7 The computer chooses 3 Running total is now 10 ROUND 3: Your choice among 1, 2 or 3: 3 Running total is now 13 The computer chooses 2 Running total is now 15 ROUND 4: Your choice among 1, 2 or 3: 2 Running total is now 17 The computer chooses 1 Running total is now 18 ROUND 5: Your choice among 1, 2 or 3: 3 Running total is now 21 You win and probably had help from another computer!! Computer wins 0 games, human wins 2 games Another game (y/n)? y Start game 3 ROUND 1: Your choice among 1, 2 or 3: 3 Running total is now 3 The computer chooses 3 Running total is now 6 ROUND 2: Your choice among 1, 2 or 3: 3 Running total is now 9 The computer chooses 2 Running total is now 11 ROUND 3: Your choice among 1, 2 or 3: 3 Running total is now 14 The computer chooses 2 Running total is now 16 ROUND 4: Your choice among 1, 2 or 3: 3 Running total is now 19 The computer chooses 2 Running total is now 21 Computer wins!! Computer wins 1 game, human wins 2 games Another game (y/n)? n Quitting.
Julia
The computer or player can always win if they go first and choose a number that brings the total to one of the following: 1, 5, 9, 13, or 17. To make things vary more, there is a choice of computer play level at the start. The computer will randomly respond with level 1 and choose a random response 1/4 of the time at level 2. <lang julia> function trytowin(n)
if 21 - n < 4 println("Computer chooses $(21 - n) and wins. GG!") exit(0) end
end
function choosewisely(n)
trytowin(n) targets = [1, 5, 9, 13, 17, 21] pos = findfirst(x -> x > n, targets) bestmove = targets[pos] - n if bestmove > 3 println("Looks like I could lose. Choosing a 1, total now $(n + 1).") return n + 1 end println("On a roll, choosing a $bestmove, total now $(n + bestmove).") n + bestmove
end
function choosefoolishly(n)
trytowin(n) move = rand([1, 2, 3]) println("Here goes, choosing $move, total now $(n + move).") n + move
end
function choosesemiwisely(n)
trytowin(n) if rand() > 0.75 choosefoolishly(n) else choosewisely(n) end
end
prompt(s) = (println(s, ": => "); return readline())
function playermove(n)
rang = (n > 19) ? "1 is all" : ((n > 18) ? "1 or 2" : "1, 2 or 3") choice = 0 while true nstr = prompt("Your choice ($rang), 0 to exit") if nstr == "0" exit(0) elseif nstr == "1" return n + 1 elseif nstr == "2" && n < 20 return n + 2 elseif nstr == "3" && n < 19 return n + 3 end end
end
function play21game()
n = 0 level = prompt("Level of play (1=dumb, 3=smart)") algo = choosewisely if level == "1" algo = choosefoolishly elseif level == "2" algo = choosesemiwisely elseif level != "3" println("Bad choice syntax--default to smart choice") end whofirst = prompt("Does computer go first? (y or n)") if whofirst[1] == 'y' || whofirst[1] == 'Y' n = algo(n) end while n < 21 n = playermove(n) if n == 21 println("Player wins! Game over, gg!") break end n = algo(n) end
end
play21game() </lang>
Objeck
<lang objeck>class TwentyOne {
@quit : Bool; @player_total : Int; @computer_total : Int;
function : Main(args : String[]) ~ Nil { TwentyOne->New()->Play(); }
New() { }
method : Play() ~ Nil { player_first := Int->Random(1) = 1;
"Enter 'q' to quit\n==="->PrintLine(); do { if(player_first) { PlayerTurn(); if(<>@quit) { "---"->PrintLine(); ComputerTurn(); }; } else { ComputerTurn(); "---"->PrintLine(); PlayerTurn(); }; "==="->PrintLine(); } while(<>@quit); }
method : ComputerTurn() ~ Nil { input := Int->Random(1, 3); "Computer choose: {$input}"->PrintLine(); @computer_total += input;
if(@computer_total = 21) { "Computer Wins!"->PrintLine(); @quit := true; } else if(@computer_total > 21) { "Computer Loses."->PrintLine(); @quit := true; } else { "Computer total is {$@computer_total}."->PrintLine(); }; }
method : PlayerTurn() ~ Nil { input := GetInput();
if(input = -1) { "Quit"->PrintLine(); @quit := true; } else if(input = 0) { "Invalid Input!"->PrintLine(); } else { @player_total += input; };
if(@player_total = 21) { "Player Wins!"->PrintLine(); @quit := true; } else if(@player_total > 21) { "Player Loses."->PrintLine(); @quit := true; } else { "Player total is {$@player_total}."->PrintLine(); }; }
function : GetInput() ~ Int { "Choosing a number beween 1-3: "->Print();
input := System.IO.Console->ReadString(); if(input->Size() = 1) { if(input->Get(0) = 'q') { return -1; };
return input->ToInt(); };
return 0; }
}</lang>
Perl
<lang perl>print <<'HERE'; The 21 game. Each player chooses to add 1, 2, or 3 to a running total. The player whose turn it is when the total reaches 21 wins. Enter q to quit. HERE
my $total = 0;
while () {
print "Running total is: $total\n"; my ($me,$comp); while () { print 'What number do you play> '; $me = <>; chomp $me; last if $me =~ /^[123]$/; insult($me); } $total += $me; win('Human') if $total >= 21; print "Computer plays: " . ($comp = 1+int(rand(3))) . "\n"; $total += $comp; win('Computer') if $total >= 21;
}
sub win {
my($player) = @_; print "$player wins.\n"; exit;
}
sub insult {
my($g) = @_; exit if $g =~ /q/i; my @insults = ('Yo mama', 'Jeez', 'Ummmm', 'Grow up'); my $i = $insults[1+int rand($#insults)]; print "$i, $g is not an integer between 1 and 3...\n"
}</lang>
- Output:
The 21 game. Each player chooses to add 1, 2, or 3 to a running total. The player whose turn it is when the total reaches 21 wins. Enter q to quit. Running total is: 0 What number do you play> 3 Computer plays: 3 Running total is: 6 What number do you play> 3 Computer plays: 3 Running total is: 12 What number do you play> 3 Computer plays: 2 Running total is: 17 What number do you play> 1 Computer plays: 1 Running total is: 19 What number do you play> 2 Human wins.
Phix
If the computer goes first you cannot win.
Once the computer stops displaying "no clear strategy" you cannot win.
The computer_first flag only applies to the first game. After winning, losing, or conceding, you go first.
<lang Phix>bool computer_first = false
bool show_spoiler = false
integer total = 0
procedure computer_play()
integer move = 0 for i=1 to 3 do if mod(total+i,4)=1 then move = i exit end if end for if move=0 then puts(1,"no clear strategy\n") move = rand(min(3,21-total)) end if printf(1,"Total is %d. I play %d.\n",{total,move}) total += move if total=21 then puts(1,"21! I win!\n") end if
end procedure
puts(1,"\n21 game\n\n") puts(1,"Press escape or q to quit the game, c to concede and start a new game from 0\n\n")
if computer_first then
printf(1,"Total is %d.\n",{total}) computer_play()
elsif show_spoiler then
-- The secret to winning! puts(1,sq_sub("Uif!pomz!xbz!up!xjo!jt!qmbz!2!gjstu-!uifo!5.=dpnqvufs!npwf?!fwfsz!ujnf",1)&"\n\n")
end if
while 1 do
printf(1,"Total is %d. enter 1, 2, or 3: ",{total}) integer ch = wait_key() puts(1,iff(ch=#1B?"esc":ch)&"\n") if ch>='1' and ch<='3' then ch -= '0' if total+ch>21 then puts(1,"Too big\n") else total += ch if total=21 then puts(1,"21! You win!\n") else computer_play() end if end if elsif ch=#1B or lower(ch)='q' then puts(1,"Quitting\n") exit end if if lower(ch)='c' or total=21 then total = 0 end if
end while</lang>
- Output:
21 game Press escape or q to quit the game, c to concede and start a new game from 0 Total is 0. enter 1, 2, or 3: 1 no clear strategy Total is 1. I play 3. Total is 4. enter 1, 2, or 3: 1 no clear strategy Total is 5. I play 1. Total is 6. enter 1, 2, or 3: 3 no clear strategy Total is 9. I play 1. Total is 10. enter 1, 2, or 3: 1 Total is 11. I play 2. Total is 13. enter 1, 2, or 3: 3 Total is 16. I play 1. Total is 17. enter 1, 2, or 3: 2 Total is 19. I play 2. 21! I win! Total is 0. enter 1, 2, or 3: q Quitting
Python
<lang python> from random import randint def start(): game_count=0 print("Enter q to quit at any time.\nThe computer will choose first.\nRunning total is now {}".format(game_count)) roundno=1 while game_count<21: print("\nROUND {}: \n".format(roundno)) t = select_count(game_count) game_count = game_count+t print("Running total is now {}\n".format(game_count)) if game_count>=21: print("So, commiserations, the computer has won!") return 0 t = request_count() if not t: print('OK,quitting the game') return -1 game_count = game_count+t print("Running total is now {}\n".format(game_count)) if game_count>=21: print("So, congratulations, you've won!") return 1 roundno+=1
def select_count(game_count): selects a random number if the game_count is less than 18. otherwise chooses the winning number if game_count<18: t= randint(1,3) else: t = 21-game_count print("The computer chooses {}".format(t)) return t
def request_count(): request user input between 1,2 and 3. It will continue till either quit(q) or one of those numbers is requested. t="" while True: try: t = raw_input('Your choice 1 to 3 :') if int(t) in [1,2,3]: return int(t) else: print("Out of range, try again") except: if t=="q": return None else: print("Invalid Entry, try again")
c=0 m=0 r=True while r: o = start() if o==-1: break else: c+=1 if o==0 else 0 m+=1 if o==1 else 0 print("Computer wins {0} game, human wins {1} games".format(c,m)) t = raw_input("Another game?(press y to continue):") r = (t=="y")</lang>
- Output:
Enter q to quit at any time. The computer will choose first. Running total is now 0 ROUND 1: The computer chooses 1 Running total is now 1 Your choice 1 to 3 :4 Out of range, try again Your choice 1 to 3 :w Invalid Entry, try again Your choice 1 to 3 :3 Running total is now 4 ROUND 2: The computer chooses 1 Running total is now 5 Your choice 1 to 3 :2 Running total is now 7 ROUND 3: The computer chooses 3 Running total is now 10 Your choice 1 to 3 :3 Running total is now 13 ROUND 4: The computer chooses 1 Running total is now 14 Your choice 1 to 3 :2 Running total is now 16 ROUND 5: The computer chooses 1 Running total is now 17 Your choice 1 to 3 :1 Running total is now 18 ROUND 6: The computer chooses 3 Running total is now 21 So, commiserations, the computer has won! Computer wins 1 game, human wins 0 games Another game?(press y to continue):y Enter q to quit at any time. The computer will choose first. Running total is now 0 ROUND 1: The computer chooses 1 Running total is now 1 Your choice 1 to 3 :3 Running total is now 4 ROUND 2: The computer chooses 3 Running total is now 7 Your choice 1 to 3 :3 Running total is now 10 ROUND 3: The computer chooses 3 Running total is now 13 Your choice 1 to 3 :5 Out of range, try again Your choice 1 to 3 :3 Running total is now 16 ROUND 4: The computer chooses 2 Running total is now 18 Your choice 1 to 3 :3 Running total is now 21 So, congratulations, you've won! Computer wins 1 game, human wins 1 games Another game?(press y to continue):y Enter q to quit at any time. The computer will choose first. Running total is now 0 ROUND 1: The computer chooses 3 Running total is now 3 Your choice 1 to 3 :4 Out of range, try again Your choice 1 to 3 :3 Running total is now 6 ROUND 2: The computer chooses 3 Running total is now 9 Your choice 1 to 3 :q OK,quitting the game
Racket
<lang racket>#lang racket
(define limit 21) (define max-resp 3)
(define (get-resp)
(let loop () (match (read-line) [(app (conjoin string? string->number) n) #:when (and (exact-integer? n) (<= 1 n max-resp)) n] ["q" (exit)] [n (printf "~a is not in range 1 and ~a\n" n max-resp) (loop)])))
(define (win human?) (printf "~a wins\n" (if human? "Human" "Computer")))
(printf "The ~a game. Each player chooses to add a number in range 1 and ~a to a running total. The player whose turn it is when the total reaches exactly ~a wins. Enter q to quit.\n\n" limit max-resp limit)
(let loop ([total 0] [human-turn? (= 0 (random 2))])
(define new-total (+ total (cond [human-turn? (printf "Running total is: ~a\n" total) (printf "Your turn:\n") (get-resp)] [else (define resp (random 1 (add1 max-resp))) (printf "Computer plays: ~a\n" resp) resp]))) (cond [(= new-total limit) (win human-turn?)] [(> new-total limit) (win (not human-turn?))] [else (loop new-total (not human-turn?))]))</lang>
- Output:
The 21 game. Each player chooses to add an integer in range 1 and 3 to a running total. The player whose turn it is when the total reaches exactly 21 wins. Enter q to quit. Running total is: 0 Your turn: 1 Computer plays: 3 Running total is: 4 Your turn: foo foo is not an integer in range 1 and 3 Your turn: bar bar is not an integer in range 1 and 3 Your turn: 3 Computer plays: 1 Running total is: 8 Your turn: 1 Computer plays: 1 Running total is: 10 Your turn: 1 Computer plays: 2 Running total is: 13 Your turn: 1 Computer plays: 3 Running total is: 17 Your turn: 1 Computer plays: 2 Running total is: 20 Your turn: 1 Human wins
Raku
(formerly Perl 6)
Since there is no requirement that the computer play sensibly, it always plays a random guess so the player has some chance to win. <lang perl6>say qq :to 'HERE';
The 21 game. Each player chooses to add 1, 2, or 3 to a running total. The player whose turn it is when the total reaches 21 wins. Enter q to quit. HERE
my $total = 0; loop {
say "Running total is: $total"; my ($me,$comp); loop { $me = prompt 'What number do you play> '; last if $me ~~ /^<[123]>$/; insult $me; } $total += $me; win('Human') if $total >= 21; say "Computer plays: { $comp = (1,2,3).roll }\n"; $total += $comp; win('Computer') if $total >= 21;
}
sub win ($player) {
say "$player wins."; exit;
}
sub insult ($g) {
exit if $g eq 'q'; print ('Yo mama,', 'Jeez,', 'Ummmm,', 'Grow up,', 'Did you even READ the instructions?').roll; say " $g is not an integer between 1 & 3..."
}</lang>
- Sample game:
The 21 game. Each player chooses to add 1, 2, or 3 to a running total. The player whose turn it is when the total reaches 21 wins. Enter q to quit. Running total is: 0 What number do you play> 5 Did you even READ the instructions? 5 is not an integer between 1 & 3... What number do you play> g Yo mama, g is not an integer between 1 & 3... What number do you play> 12 Jeez, 12 is not an integer between 1 & 3... What number do you play> 3 Computer plays: 2 Running total is: 5 What number do you play> 3 Computer plays: 3 Running total is: 11 What number do you play> 1 Computer plays: 1 Running total is: 13 What number do you play> 3 Computer plays: 2 Running total is: 18 What number do you play> 3 Human wins.
REXX
Around half of the REXX program deals with incorrect or missing input (of the required integer). <lang rexx>/*REXX program plays the 21 game with a human, each player chooses 1, 2, or 3 which */ /*──────────── is added to the current sum, the first player to reach 21 exactly wins.*/ sep= copies('─', 8); sep2= " "copies('═', 8)" " /*construct an eye─catching msg fences.*/ say sep 'Playing the 21 game.' /*tell what's happening here at the zoo*/ high= 3 /*the highest integer that can be used.*/ game= 21 /*the game target (winning total/sum).*/ $= 0 /*the sum [or running total] (so far).*/
do j=1 while $<game; bad= 0 /*obtain optional move from ARG or ask.*/ low = (j \== 1) /*allow user to have computer go first.*/ say; say sep 'Please enter a number from ' low " ───► 3 (or Quit):" if j==1 then say sep '[A value of 0 (zero) means you want the computer to go first.]' pull x _ . 1 ax /*obtain an uppercased answer & others.*/ if x= then call ser "Nothing entered." if _\== then call ser "Too many arguments entered: " ax if abbrev('QUIT', x, 1) then do; say; say sep "quitting."; exit 1 end if \datatype(x, 'N') then call ser "Argument isn't numeric: " x if \datatype(x, 'W') then call ser "Number isn't an integer: " x if x<0 then call ser "Number can't be negative: " x if x=0 & j>1 then call ser "Number can't be zero: " x if x>high then call ser "Number is too large (>"high'): ' x if bad then iterate /*Had an error? Then get another number*/ x= x / 1 /*normalize the X number; +2 001 3. */ if $+x > game then call ser "Number will cause the sum to exceed " g': ' x if x\==0 then call tot x, 1 /*Not 0? The user wants to go first. */ if $==game then leave /*the user won the game with the last #*/ y=. /*indicate that no choice has been made*/ do c=1 for high until y\==. /*find a # that yields the best choice.*/ if (c+$) // (1+high) == 1 then y= c /*a bit of a highfalutin calculation. */ end /*c*/ if y==. then y= random(1, high) /*get random choice (maybe a lost game)*/ say sep 'The computer chooses ' y " as it's choice." /*inform player.*/ call tot y, 0 /*call subroutine to show the total. */ end /*j*/
say if who then say sep 'Congratulations! You have won the 21 game.'
else say sep 'The computer has won the 21 game.'
exit 0 /*stick a fork in it, we're all done. */ /*──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/ ser: if bad then return; bad=1; say; say; say sep '***error***' arg(1); say; return tot: arg q,who; $=$+q; say sep 'The game total is now' sep2 $ sep2; return /*add; show $*/</lang>
- output:
──────── Playing the 21 game. ──────── Please enter a number from 0 ───► 3 (or Quit): ──────── [A value of 0 (zero) means you want the computer to go first.] 3 ◄■■■■■■■■■■ user input ──────── The game total is now ════════ 3 ════════ ──────── The computer chooses 1 as it's choice. ──────── The game total is now ════════ 4 ════════ ──────── Please enter a number from 1 ───► 3 (or Quit): 3 ◄■■■■■■■■■■ user input ──────── The game total is now ════════ 7 ════════ ──────── The computer chooses 1 as it's choice. ──────── The game total is now ════════ 8 ════════ ──────── Please enter a number from 1 ───► 3 (or Quit): 3 ◄■■■■■■■■■■ user input ──────── The game total is now ════════ 11 ════════ ──────── The computer chooses 1 as it's choice. ──────── The game total is now ════════ 12 ════════ ──────── Please enter a number from 1 ───► 3 (or Quit): 3 ◄■■■■■■■■■■ user input ──────── The game total is now ════════ 15 ════════ ──────── The computer chooses 1 as it's choice. ──────── The game total is now ════════ 16 ════════ ──────── Please enter a number from 1 ───► 3 (or Quit): 1 ◄■■■■■■■■■■ user input ──────── The game total is now ════════ 17 ════════ ──────── The computer chooses 1 as it's choice. ──────── The game total is now ════════ 18 ════════ ──────── Please enter a number from 1 ───► 3 (or Quit): 3 ◄■■■■■■■■■■ user input ──────── The game total is now ════════ 21 ════════ ──────── Congratulations! You have won the 21 game.
Ring
<lang ring>
- Project : 21 Game
load "guilib.ring"
limit = 21 posold = 0 button = list(limit) mynum = list(3) yournum = list(3)
new qapp
{ win1 = new qwidget() { setwindowtitle("21 Game") setgeometry(100,100,1000,600) label1 = new qlabel(win1) { setgeometry(10,10,1000,600) settext("") }
label2 = new qlabel(win1) { setgeometry(240,50,120,40) setAlignment(Qt_AlignHCenter) setFont(new qFont("Verdana",12,100,0)) settext("my number:") }
label3 = new qlabel(win1) { setgeometry(640,50,120,40) setAlignment(Qt_AlignHCenter) setFont(new qFont("Verdana",12,100,0)) settext("your number:") }
for p = 1 to 3 mynum[p] = new qpushbutton(win1) { setgeometry(200+p*40,100,40,40) setstylesheet("background-color:orange") settext(string(p)) setclickevent("choose(" + string(p) + ",1)") } next
for p = 1 to 3 yournum[p] = new qpushbutton(win1) { setgeometry(600+p*40,100,40,40) setstylesheet("background-color:white") settext(string(p)) setclickevent("choose(" + string(p) + ",2)") } next
for n = 1 to limit button[n] = new qpushbutton(win1) { setgeometry(40+n*40,190,40,40) settext(string(n)) } next show() } exec() }
func choose(ch,ym)
pos = posold + ch if pos > limit msg = "You must choose number from 1 to " + string(limit - posold) msgBox(msg) for n = 1 to 3 mynum[n].setenabled(false) yournum[n].setenabled(false) next return ok for n = posold+1 to pos if ym = 1 button[n] { setstylesheet("background-color:orange") } else button[n] { setstylesheet("background-color:white") } ok next posold = pos if ym = 1 for n = 1 to 3 mynum[n].setenabled(false) yournum[n].setenabled(true) next else for n = 1 to 3 mynum[n].setenabled(true) yournum[n].setenabled(false) next ok if pos = 21 if ym = 1 msgBox("I won!") else msgBox("You won!") ok ok
func msgBox(text) { m = new qMessageBox(win1) { setWindowTitle("21 Game") setText(text) show() }
}
</lang>
Output:
21 Game