Word wrap: Difference between revisions
(→{{header|Go}}: ++ awk) |
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If you have both basic and extra credit solutions, show an example where the two algorithms give different results. |
If you have both basic and extra credit solutions, show an example where the two algorithms give different results. |
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=={{header|AWK}}== |
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Basic word wrap. |
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<lang awk>function wordwrap_paragraph(p) |
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{ |
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if ( length(p) < 1 ) return |
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split(p, words) |
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spaceLeft = lineWidth |
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line = words[1] |
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delete words[1] |
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for (i = 1; i <= length(words); i++) { |
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word = words[i] |
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if ( (length(word) + 1) > spaceLeft ) { |
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print line |
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line = word |
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spaceLeft = lineWidth - length(word) |
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} else { |
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spaceLeft -= length(word) + 1 |
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line = line " " word |
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} |
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} |
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print line |
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} |
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BEGIN { |
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lineWidth = width |
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par = "" |
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} |
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/^[ \t]*$/ { |
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wordwrap_paragraph(par) |
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par = "" |
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} |
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!/^[ \t]*$/ { |
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par = par " " $0 |
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} |
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END { |
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wordwrap_paragraph(par) |
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}</lang> |
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To test it, |
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<pre> |
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awk -f wordwrap.awk -v width=80 < text.txt |
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</pre> |
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=={{header|Go}}== |
=={{header|Go}}== |
Revision as of 16:36, 31 March 2012
Even today, with proportional fonts and complex layouts, there are still cases where you need to wrap text at a specified column. The basic task is to wrap a paragraph of text in a simple way in your language. If there is a way to do this that is built-in, trivial, or provided in a standard library, show that. Otherwise implement the minimum length greedy algorithm from Wikipedia.
Show your routine working on a sample of text at two different wrap columns.
Extra credit! Wrap text using a more sophisticated algorithm such as the Knuth and Plass TeX algorithm. If your language provides this, you get easy extra credit, but you must reference documentation indicating that the algorithm is something better than a simple minimimum length algorithm.
If you have both basic and extra credit solutions, show an example where the two algorithms give different results.
AWK
Basic word wrap.
<lang awk>function wordwrap_paragraph(p) {
if ( length(p) < 1 ) return split(p, words) spaceLeft = lineWidth line = words[1] delete words[1]
for (i = 1; i <= length(words); i++) { word = words[i] if ( (length(word) + 1) > spaceLeft ) { print line line = word spaceLeft = lineWidth - length(word) } else { spaceLeft -= length(word) + 1 line = line " " word } } print line
}
BEGIN {
lineWidth = width par = ""
}
/^[ \t]*$/ {
wordwrap_paragraph(par) par = ""
}
!/^[ \t]*$/ {
par = par " " $0
}
END {
wordwrap_paragraph(par)
}</lang>
To test it,
awk -f wordwrap.awk -v width=80 < text.txt
Go
Basic task, no extra credit. <lang go>package main
import (
"fmt" "strings"
)
func wrap(text string, lineWidth int) (wrapped string) {
words := strings.Fields(text) if len(words) == 0 { return } wrapped = words[0] spaceLeft := lineWidth - len(wrapped) for _, word := range words[1:] { if len(word)+1 > spaceLeft { wrapped += "\n" + word spaceLeft = lineWidth - len(word) } else { wrapped += " " + word spaceLeft -= 1 + len(word) } } return
}
var frog = ` In olden times when wishing still helped one, there lived a king whose daughters were all beautiful, but the youngest was so beautiful that the sun itself, which has seen so much, was astonished whenever it shone in her face. Close by the king's castle lay a great dark forest, and under an old lime-tree in the forest was a well, and when the day was very warm, the king's child went out into the forest and sat down by the side of the cool fountain, and when she was bored she took a golden ball, and threw it up on high and caught it, and this ball was her favorite plaything.`
func main() {
fmt.Println("wrapped at 80:") fmt.Println(wrap(frog, 80)) fmt.Println("wrapped at 72:") fmt.Println(wrap(frog, 72))
}</lang>
- Output:
wrapped at 80: In olden times when wishing still helped one, there lived a king whose daughters were all beautiful, but the youngest was so beautiful that the sun itself, which has seen so much, was astonished whenever it shone in her face. Close by the king's castle lay a great dark forest, and under an old lime-tree in the forest was a well, and when the day was very warm, the king's child went out into the forest and sat down by the side of the cool fountain, and when she was bored she took a golden ball, and threw it up on high and caught it, and this ball was her favorite plaything. wrapped at 72: In olden times when wishing still helped one, there lived a king whose daughters were all beautiful, but the youngest was so beautiful that the sun itself, which has seen so much, was astonished whenever it shone in her face. Close by the king's castle lay a great dark forest, and under an old lime-tree in the forest was a well, and when the day was very warm, the king's child went out into the forest and sat down by the side of the cool fountain, and when she was bored she took a golden ball, and threw it up on high and caught it, and this ball was her favorite plaything.
PARI/GP
<lang parigp>wrap(s,len)={
my(t="",cur); s=Vec(s); for(i=1,#s, if(s[i]==" ", if(cur>#t, print1(" "t); cur-=#t+1 , print1("\n"t); cur=len-#t ); t="" , t=concat(t,s[i]) ) ); if(cur>#t, print1(" "t) , print1("\n"t) )
}; King="And so let freedom ring from the prodigious hilltops of New Hampshire; let freedom ring from the mighty mountains of New York; let freedom ring from the heightening Alleghenies of Pennsylvania; let freedom ring from the snow-capped Rockies of Colorado; let freedom ring from the curvaceous slopes of California. But not only that: let freedom ring from Stone Mountain of Georgia; let freedom ring from Lookout Mountain of Tennessee; let freedom ring from every hill and molehill of Mississippi. From every mountainside, let freedom ring."; wrap(King, 75) wrap(King, 50)</lang>
Output:
And so let freedom ring from the prodigious hilltops of New Hampshire; let freedom ring from the mighty mountains of New York; let freedom ring from the heightening Alleghenies of Pennsylvania; let freedom ring from the snow-capped Rockies of Colorado; let freedom ring from the curvaceous slopes of California. But not only that: let freedom ring from Stone Mountain of Georgia; let freedom ring from Lookout Mountain of Tennessee; let freedom ring from every hill and molehill of Mississippi. From every mountainside, let freedom ring. And so let freedom ring from the prodigious hilltops of New Hampshire; let freedom ring from the mighty mountains of New York; let freedom ring from the heightening Alleghenies of Pennsylvania; let freedom ring from the snow-capped Rockies of Colorado; let freedom ring from the curvaceous slopes of California. But not only that: let freedom ring from Stone Mountain of Georgia; let freedom ring from Lookout Mountain of Tennessee; let freedom ring from every hill and molehill of Mississippi. From every mountainside, let freedom ring.
Run BASIC
Word Wrap style for different browsers. This automatically adjusts the text if the browser window is stretched in any direction <lang runbasic>doc$ = "In olden times when wishing still helped one, there lived a king ";_ "whose daughters were all beautiful, but the youngest was so beautiful ";_ "that the sun itself, which has seen so much, was astonished whenever ";_ "it shone in her face."
wrap$ = " style='white-space: pre-wrap;white-space: -moz-pre-wrap;white-space: -pre-wrap;";_
"white-space: -o-pre-wrap;word-wrap: break-word'"
html "
<tr" + wrap$ +" valign=top>" html "" + doc$ + " | " + doc$ + " |
"</lang>
output will adjust as you stretch the browser and maintain a 60 to 40 ratio of the width of the screen.
---------- at 60%----------------------- | -------- at 40%---------------------- In olden times when wishing still helped one, there lived a king | In olden times when wishing still helped whose daughters were all beautiful, but the youngest was so | one, there lived a king whose daughters beautiful that the sun itself, which has seen so much, was | were all beautiful, but the youngest was astonished whenever it shone in her face. | so beautiful that the sun itself, which | has seen so much, was astonished whenever | it shone in her face.
Without Browser <lang runbasic>doc$ = "In olden times when wishing still helped one, there lived a king whose daughters were all beautiful, but the youngest was so beautiful that the sun itself, which has seen so much, was astonished whenever it shone in her face. Close by the king's castle lay a great dark forest, and under an old lime-tree in the forest was a well, and when the day was very warm, the king's child went out into the forest and sat down by the side of the cool fountain, and when she was bored she took a golden ball, and threw it up on high and caught it, and this ball was her favorite plaything."
input "Width"; width ' user specifies width
while word$(doc$,i + 1," ") <> ""
i = i + 1 thisWord$ = word$(doc$,i," ") + " " if word$(thisWord$,2,chr$(13)) <> "" then thisWord$ = word$(thisWord$,2,chr$(13)) + " " ' strip the <CR> if len(docOut$) + len(thisWord$) > width then print docOut$ docOut$ = "" end if docOut$ = docOut$ + thisWord$
wend print docOut$</lang>
REXX
The input for this program is in a file (named LAWS.TXT).
The default width of the output is ½ of the current terminal width, or
if the terminal width is indeterminable, then 40 is used.
If the specified width is negative, then the output is shown justified (with the absolute value of width).
<lang rexx>
/*REXX pgm reads a file and displays it (with word wrap to the screen). */
parse arg width fileID .; if fileID= then fileID='LAWS.TXT' if width== then width=linesize()%2; if width==0 then width=40 if \datatype(width,'W') then call err "WIDTH (1st arg) isn't an integer." txt=; $=; justify=width<0; width=abs(width)
do j=0 while lines(fileID)\==0 /*read from until until E-O-F. */ txt=txt linein(fileID) end
txt=space(txt) if j==0 then call err 'file' fileID "not found." if txt== then call err 'file' fileID "is empty."
do k=1 for words(txt) x=word(txt,k) _=$ x if length(_)>width then call tell $=_ end
if $\== then call tell /*handle any residual words. */ exit
tell: if justify then say justify($,width)
else say strip($) _=x return
err: say; say '***error!***'; say; say arg(1); say; say arg(1);say;exit 13 </lang> The input file:
────────── Computer programming laws ────────── The Primal Scenario -or- Basic Datum of Experience: ∙ Systems in general work poorly or not at all. ∙ Nothing complicated works. ∙ Complicated systems seldom exceed 5% efficiency. ∙ There is always a fly in the ointment. The Fundamental Theorem: ∙ New systems generate new problems. Occam's Razor: ∙ Systems should not be unnecessarily multiplied. The Law of Conservation of Energy: ∙ The total amount of energy in the universe is constant. ∙ Systems operate by redistributing energy into different forms and into accumulations of different sizes. Laws of Growth: ∙ Systems tend to grow, and as they grow, they encroach. The Big-Bang Theorem of Systems-Cosmology: ∙ Systems tend to expand to fill the known universe. Parkinson's Extended Law: ∙ The system itself tends to expand at 5-6% per annum. The Generalized Uncertainty Principle: ∙ Systems display antics. ∙ Complicated systems produce unexpected outcomes. ∙ The total behavior of large systems cannot be predicted. The Non-Addivity Theorem of Systems-Behavior -or- Climax Design Theorem: ∙ A large system, produced by expanding the dimensions of a smaller system, does not behave like the smaller system. LeChateliers's Principle: ∙ Complex systems tend to oppose their own proper function. ∙ Systems get in the way. ∙ The system always kicks back. ∙ Positive feedback is dangerous. Functionary's Falsity: ∙ People in systems do not do what the system says they are doing. ∙ The function performed by a system is not operationally identical to the function of the same name performed by a man. ∙ A function performed by a larger system is not operationally identical to the function of the same name performed by a smaller system. The Fundamental Law of Administrative Workings: ∙ Things are what they are reported to be. ∙ The real world is whatever is reported to the system. ∙ If it isn't official; it didn't happen. ∙ If it's made in Detriot, it must be an automobile. ∙ A system is no better than its sensory organs. ∙ To those within a system, the outside reality tends to pale and disappear. ∙ Systems attract systems-people. ∙ For every human system, there is a type of person adapted to thrive on it or in it. ∙ The bigger the system, the narrower and more specialized the interface with individuals. Administrator's Anxiety: ∙ Pushing on the systems doesn't help. It just makes things worse. ∙ A complex system cannot be "made" to work. It either works or it doesn't. ∙ A simple system, designed from scratch, sometimes works. ∙ A simple system may or may not work. ∙ Some complex systems actually work. ∙ If a system is working, leave it alone. ∙ A complex system that works is invariably found to have evolved from a simple system that works. ∙ A complex system designed from scratch never works and cannot be patched up to make it work. You have to start over, beginning with a working simple system. ∙ Programs never run the first time. ∙ Complex programs never run. ∙ Anything worth doing once will probably have to be done twice. The Functional indeterminancy Theorem: ∙ In complex systems, malfunction and even total nonfunction may not be detectable for long periods, if ever. The Kantian Hypothesis -or- Know-Nothing Theorem: ∙ Large complex systems are beyond human capacity to evaluate. The Newtonian Lay of Systems-Inertia: ∙ A system that performs a certain way will continue to operate in that way regardless of the need of of changed conditions. ∙ A system continues to do its thing, regardless of need. ∙ Systems develop goals of their own the instant they come into being. ∙ Intrasystem goals come first. Failure-Mode Theorems: ∙ Complex systems usually operate in failure mode. ∙ A complex system can fail in a infinite number of ways. ∙ If anything can go wrong, it will. ∙ The mode of failure of a complex system cannot ordinarily be predicted from its structure. ∙ The crucial variables are discovered by accident. ∙ The larger the system, the greater the probability of unexpected failure. ∙ "Success" or "function" in any system may be failure in the larger or smaller systems to which the system is connected. ∙ In setting up a new system, tread softly. You may be disturbing another system that is actually working. The Fail-Safe Theorem: ∙ When a fail-safe system fails, it fails by failing to fail safe. ∙ Complex systems tend to produce complex responses (not solutions) to problems. ∙ Great advances are not produced by systems designed to produce great advances. ∙ Loose systems last longer and work better. ∙ Efficient systems are dangerous to themselves and to others. The Vector Theory of Systems: ∙ Systems run better when designed to run downhill. ∙ Systems aligned with human motivational vectors will sometimes work. Systems opposing such vectors work poorly or not at all. Advanced Systems Theories: ∙ Everything is a system. ∙ Everything is a part of a larger system. ∙ The universe is infinitely systematized, both upward [larger systems] and downward [smaller systems]. ∙ All systems are infinitely complex. (The illusion of simplicity comes from focusing attention on one or a few variables.) ∙ Parameters are variables travelling under an assumed name.
Output when specifying: 155
────────── Computer programming laws ────────── The Primal Scenario -or- Basic Datum of Experience: ∙ Systems in general work poorly or not at all. ∙ Nothing complicated works. ∙ Complicated systems seldom exceed 5% efficiency. ∙ There is always a fly in the ointment. The Fundamental Theorem: ∙ New systems generate new problems. Occam's Razor: ∙ Systems should not be unnecessarily multiplied. The Law of Conservation of Energy: ∙ The total amount of energy in the universe is constant. ∙ Systems operate by redistributing energy into different forms and into accumulations of different sizes. Laws of Growth: ∙ Systems tend to grow, and as they grow, they encroach. The Big-Bang Theorem of Systems-Cosmology: ∙ Systems tend to expand to fill the known universe. Parkinson's Extended Law: ∙ The system itself tends to expand at 5-6% per annum. The Generalized Uncertainty Principle: ∙ Systems display antics. ∙ Complicated systems produce unexpected outcomes. ∙ The total behavior of large systems cannot be predicted. The Non-Addivity Theorem of Systems-Behavior -or- Climax Design Theorem: ∙ A large system, produced by expanding the dimensions of a smaller system, does not behave like the smaller system. LeChateliers's Principle: ∙ Complex systems tend to oppose their own proper function. ∙ Systems get in the way. ∙ The system always kicks back. ∙ Positive feedback is dangerous. Functionary's Falsity: ∙ People in systems do not do what the system says they are doing. ∙ The function performed by a system is not operationally identical to the function of the same name performed by a man. ∙ A function performed by a larger system is not operationally identical to the function of the same name performed by a smaller system. The Fundamental Law of Administrative Workings: ∙ Things are what they are reported to be. ∙ The real world is whatever is reported to the system. ∙ If it isn't official; it didn't happen. ∙ If it's made in Detriot, it must be an automobile. ∙ A system is no better than its sensory organs. ∙ To those within a system, the outside reality tends to pale and disappear. ∙ Systems attract systems-people. ∙ For every human system, there is a type of person adapted to thrive on it or in it. ∙ The bigger the system, the narrower and more specialized the interface with individuals. Administrator's Anxiety: ∙ Pushing on the systems doesn't help. It just makes things worse. ∙ A complex system cannot be "made" to work. It either works or it doesn't. ∙ A simple system, designed from scratch, sometimes works. ∙ A simple system may or may not work. ∙ Some complex systems actually work. ∙ If a system is working, leave it alone. ∙ A complex system that works is invariably found to have evolved from a simple system that works. ∙ A complex system designed from scratch never works and cannot be patched up to make it work. You have to start over, beginning with a working simple system. ∙ Programs never run the first time. ∙ Complex programs never run. ∙ Anything worth doing once will probably have to be done twice. The Functional indeterminancy Theorem: ∙ In complex systems, malfunction and even total nonfunction may not be detectable for long periods, if ever. The Kantian Hypothesis -or- Know-Nothing Theorem: ∙ Large complex systems are beyond human capacity to evaluate. The Newtonian Lay of Systems-Inertia: ∙ A system that performs a certain way will continue to operate in that way regardless of the need of of changed conditions. ∙ A system continues to do its thing, regardless of need. ∙ Systems develop goals of their own the instant they come into being. ∙ Intrasystem goals come first. Failure-Mode Theorems: ∙ Complex systems usually operate in failure mode. ∙ A complex system can fail in a infinite number of ways. ∙ If anything can go wrong, it will. ∙ The mode of failure of a complex system cannot ordinarily be predicted from its structure. ∙ The crucial variables are discovered by accident. ∙ The larger the system, the greater the probability of unexpected failure. ∙ "Success" or "function" in any system may be failure in the larger or smaller systems to which the system is connected. ∙ In setting up a new system, tread softly. You may be disturbing another system that is actually working. The Fail-Safe Theorem: ∙ When a fail-safe system fails, it fails by failing to fail safe. ∙ Complex systems tend to produce complex responses (not solutions) to problems. ∙ Great advances are not produced by systems designed to produce great advances. ∙ Loose systems last longer and work better. ∙ Efficient systems are dangerous to themselves and to others. The Vector Theory of Systems: ∙ Systems run better when designed to run downhill. ∙ Systems aligned with human motivational vectors will sometimes work. Systems opposing such vectors work poorly or not at all. Advanced Systems Theories: ∙ Everything is a system. ∙ Everything is a part of a larger system. ∙ The universe is infinitely systematized, both upward [larger systems] and downward [smaller systems]. ∙ All systems are infinitely complex. (The illusion of simplicity comes from focusing attention on one or a few variables.) ∙ Parameters are variables travelling under an assumed name.
Output when specifying: 76
────────── Computer programming laws ────────── The Primal Scenario -or- Basic Datum of Experience: ∙ Systems in general work poorly or not at all. ∙ Nothing complicated works. ∙ Complicated systems seldom exceed 5% efficiency. ∙ There is always a fly in the ointment. The Fundamental Theorem: ∙ New systems generate new problems. Occam's Razor: ∙ Systems should not be unnecessarily multiplied. The Law of Conservation of Energy: ∙ The total amount of energy in the universe is constant. ∙ Systems operate by redistributing energy into different forms and into accumulations of different sizes. Laws of Growth: ∙ Systems tend to grow, and as they grow, they encroach. The Big-Bang Theorem of Systems-Cosmology: ∙ Systems tend to expand to fill the known universe. Parkinson's Extended Law: ∙ The system itself tends to expand at 5-6% per annum. The Generalized Uncertainty Principle: ∙ Systems display antics. ∙ Complicated systems produce unexpected outcomes. ∙ The total behavior of large systems cannot be predicted. The Non-Addivity Theorem of Systems-Behavior -or- Climax Design Theorem: ∙ A large system, produced by expanding the dimensions of a smaller system, does not behave like the smaller system. LeChateliers's Principle: ∙ Complex systems tend to oppose their own proper function. ∙ Systems get in the way. ∙ The system always kicks back. ∙ Positive feedback is dangerous. Functionary's Falsity: ∙ People in systems do not do what the system says they are doing. ∙ The function performed by a system is not operationally identical to the function of the same name performed by a man. ∙ A function performed by a larger system is not operationally identical to the function of the same name performed by a smaller system. The Fundamental Law of Administrative Workings: ∙ Things are what they are reported to be. ∙ The real world is whatever is reported to the system. ∙ If it isn't official; it didn't happen. ∙ If it's made in Detriot, it must be an automobile. ∙ A system is no better than its sensory organs. ∙ To those within a system, the outside reality tends to pale and disappear. ∙ Systems attract systems-people. ∙ For every human system, there is a type of person adapted to thrive on it or in it. ∙ The bigger the system, the narrower and more specialized the interface with individuals. Administrator's Anxiety: ∙ Pushing on the systems doesn't help. It just makes things worse. ∙ A complex system cannot be "made" to work. It either works or it doesn't. ∙ A simple system, designed from scratch, sometimes works. ∙ A simple system may or may not work. ∙ Some complex systems actually work. ∙ If a system is working, leave it alone. ∙ A complex system that works is invariably found to have evolved from a simple system that works. ∙ A complex system designed from scratch never works and cannot be patched up to make it work. You have to start over, beginning with a working simple system. ∙ Programs never run the first time. ∙ Complex programs never run. ∙ Anything worth doing once will probably have to be done twice. The Functional indeterminancy Theorem: ∙ In complex systems, malfunction and even total nonfunction may not be detectable for long periods, if ever. The Kantian Hypothesis -or- Know-Nothing Theorem: ∙ Large complex systems are beyond human capacity to evaluate. The Newtonian Lay of Systems-Inertia: ∙ A system that performs a certain way will continue to operate in that way regardless of the need of of changed conditions. ∙ A system continues to do its thing, regardless of need. ∙ Systems develop goals of their own the instant they come into being. ∙ Intrasystem goals come first. Failure-Mode Theorems: ∙ Complex systems usually operate in failure mode. ∙ A complex system can fail in a infinite number of ways. ∙ If anything can go wrong, it will. ∙ The mode of failure of a complex system cannot ordinarily be predicted from its structure. ∙ The crucial variables are discovered by accident. ∙ The larger the system, the greater the probability of unexpected failure. ∙ "Success" or "function" in any system may be failure in the larger or smaller systems to which the system is connected. ∙ In setting up a new system, tread softly. You may be disturbing another system that is actually working. The Fail-Safe Theorem: ∙ When a fail-safe system fails, it fails by failing to fail safe. ∙ Complex systems tend to produce complex responses (not solutions) to problems. ∙ Great advances are not produced by systems designed to produce great advances. ∙ Loose systems last longer and work better. ∙ Efficient systems are dangerous to themselves and to others. The Vector Theory of Systems: ∙ Systems run better when designed to run downhill. ∙ Systems aligned with human motivational vectors will sometimes work. Systems opposing such vectors work poorly or not at all. Advanced Systems Theories: ∙ Everything is a system. ∙ Everything is a part of a larger system. ∙ The universe is infinitely systematized, both upward [larger systems] and downward [smaller systems]. ∙ All systems are infinitely complex. (The illusion of simplicity comes from focusing attention on one or a few variables.) ∙ Parameters are variables travelling under an assumed name.
Output [justified] when specifying: -70
────────── Computer programming laws ────────── The Primal Scenario -or- Basic Datum of Experience: ∙ Systems in general work poorly or not at all. ∙ Nothing complicated works. ∙ Complicated systems seldom exceed 5% efficiency. ∙ There is always a fly in the ointment. The Fundamental Theorem: ∙ New systems generate new problems. Occam's Razor: ∙ Systems should not be unnecessarily multiplied. The Law of Conservation of Energy: ∙ The total amount of energy in the universe is constant. ∙ Systems operate by redistributing energy into different forms and into accumulations of different sizes. Laws of Growth: ∙ Systems tend to grow, and as they grow, they encroach. The Big-Bang Theorem of Systems-Cosmology: ∙ Systems tend to expand to fill the known universe. Parkinson's Extended Law: ∙ The system itself tends to expand at 5-6% per annum. The Generalized Uncertainty Principle: ∙ Systems display antics. ∙ Complicated systems produce unexpected outcomes. ∙ The total behavior of large systems cannot be predicted. The Non-Addivity Theorem of Systems-Behavior -or- Climax Design Theorem: ∙ A large system, produced by expanding the dimensions of a smaller system, does not behave like the smaller system. LeChateliers's Principle: ∙ Complex systems tend to oppose their own proper function. ∙ Systems get in the way. ∙ The system always kicks back. ∙ Positive feedback is dangerous. Functionary's Falsity: ∙ People in systems do not do what the system says they are doing. ∙ The function performed by a system is not operationally identical to the function of the same name performed by a man. ∙ A function performed by a larger system is not operationally identical to the function of the same name performed by a smaller system. The Fundamental Law of Administrative Workings: ∙ Things are what they are reported to be. ∙ The real world is whatever is reported to the system. ∙ If it isn't official; it didn't happen. ∙ If it's made in Detriot, it must be an automobile. ∙ A system is no better than its sensory organs. ∙ To those within a system, the outside reality tends to pale and disappear. ∙ Systems attract systems-people. ∙ For every human system, there is a type of person adapted to thrive on it or in it. ∙ The bigger the system, the narrower and more specialized the interface with individuals. Administrator's Anxiety: ∙ Pushing on the systems doesn't help. It just makes things worse. ∙ A complex system cannot be "made" to work. It either works or it doesn't. ∙ A simple system, designed from scratch, sometimes works. ∙ A simple system may or may not work. ∙ Some complex systems actually work. ∙ If a system is working, leave it alone. ∙ A complex system that works is invariably found to have evolved from a simple system that works. ∙ A complex system designed from scratch never works and cannot be patched up to make it work. You have to start over, beginning with a working simple system. ∙ Programs never run the first time. ∙ Complex programs never run. ∙ Anything worth doing once will probably have to be done twice. The Functional indeterminancy Theorem: ∙ In complex systems, malfunction and even total nonfunction may not be detectable for long periods, if ever. The Kantian Hypothesis -or- Know-Nothing Theorem: ∙ Large complex systems are beyond human capacity to evaluate. The Newtonian Lay of Systems-Inertia: ∙ A system that performs a certain way will continue to operate in that way regardless of the need of of changed conditions. ∙ A system continues to do its thing, regardless of need. ∙ Systems develop goals of their own the instant they come into being. ∙ Intrasystem goals come first. Failure-Mode Theorems: ∙ Complex systems usually operate in failure mode. ∙ A complex system can fail in a infinite number of ways. ∙ If anything can go wrong, it will. ∙ The mode of failure of a complex system cannot ordinarily be predicted from its structure. ∙ The crucial variables are discovered by accident. ∙ The larger the system, the greater the probability of unexpected failure. ∙ "Success" or "function" in any system may be failure in the larger or smaller systems to which the system is connected. ∙ In setting up a new system, tread softly. You may be disturbing another system that is actually working. The Fail-Safe Theorem: ∙ When a fail-safe system fails, it fails by failing to fail safe. ∙ Complex systems tend to produce complex responses (not solutions) to problems. ∙ Great advances are not produced by systems designed to produce great advances. ∙ Loose systems last longer and work better. ∙ Efficient systems are dangerous to themselves and to others. The Vector Theory of Systems: ∙ Systems run better when designed to run downhill. ∙ Systems aligned with human motivational vectors will sometimes work. Systems opposing such vectors work poorly or not at all. Advanced Systems Theories: ∙ Everything is a system. ∙ Everything is a part of a larger system. ∙ The universe is infinitely systematized, both upward [larger systems] and downward [smaller systems]. ∙ All systems are infinitely complex. (The illusion of simplicity comes from focusing attention on one or a few variables.) ∙ Parameters are variables travelling under an assumed name.
Tcl
Using a simple greedy algorithm to wrap the same text as used in the Go solution. Note that it assumes that the line length is longer than the longest word length. <lang tcl>package require Tcl 8.5
proc wrapParagraph {n text} {
regsub -all {\s+} [string trim $text] " " text set RE "^(.{1,$n})(?:\\s+(.*))?$" for {set result ""} {[regexp $RE $text -> line text]} {} {
append result $line "\n"
} return [string trimright $result "\n"]
}
set txt \ "In olden times when wishing still helped one, there lived a king whose daughters were all beautiful, but the youngest was so beautiful that the sun itself, which has seen so much, was astonished whenever it shone in her face. Close by the king's castle lay a great dark forest, and under an old lime-tree in the forest was a well, and when the day was very warm, the king's child went out into the forest and sat down by the side of the cool fountain, and when she was bored she took a golden ball, and threw it up on high and caught it, and this ball was her favorite plaything."
puts "[string repeat - 80]" puts [wrapParagraph 80 $txt] puts "[string repeat - 72]" puts [wrapParagraph 72 $txt]</lang>
- Output:
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- In olden times when wishing still helped one, there lived a king whose daughters were all beautiful, but the youngest was so beautiful that the sun itself, which has seen so much, was astonished whenever it shone in her face. Close by the king's castle lay a great dark forest, and under an old lime-tree in the forest was a well, and when the day was very warm, the king's child went out into the forest and sat down by the side of the cool fountain, and when she was bored she took a golden ball, and threw it up on high and caught it, and this ball was her favorite plaything. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ In olden times when wishing still helped one, there lived a king whose daughters were all beautiful, but the youngest was so beautiful that the sun itself, which has seen so much, was astonished whenever it shone in her face. Close by the king's castle lay a great dark forest, and under an old lime-tree in the forest was a well, and when the day was very warm, the king's child went out into the forest and sat down by the side of the cool fountain, and when she was bored she took a golden ball, and threw it up on high and caught it, and this ball was her favorite plaything.