Terminal control/Cursor movement

From Rosetta Code
< Terminal control
Revision as of 08:10, 19 May 2017 by rosettacode>Dmitry Kandalov (→‎{{header|Kotlin}}: Updated example see https://github.com/dkandalov/rosettacode-kotlin for details)
Task
Terminal control/Cursor movement
You are encouraged to solve this task according to the task description, using any language you may know.
Task

Demonstrate how to achieve movement of the terminal cursor:

  • how to move the cursor one position to the left
  • how to move the cursor one position to the right
  • how to move the cursor up one line (without affecting its horizontal position)
  • how to move the cursor down one line (without affecting its horizontal position)
  • how to move the cursor to the beginning of the line
  • how to move the cursor to the end of the line
  • how to move the cursor to the top left corner of the screen
  • how to move the cursor to the bottom right corner of the screen


For the purpose of this task, it is not permitted to overwrite any characters or attributes on any part of the screen (so outputting a space is not a suitable solution to achieve a movement to the right).


Handling of out of bounds locomotion

This task has no specific requirements to trap or correct cursor movement beyond the terminal boundaries, so the implementer should decide what behavior fits best in terms of the chosen language.   Explanatory notes may be added to clarify how an out of bounds action would behave and the generation of error messages relating to an out of bounds cursor position is permitted.

AutoHotkey

<lang autohotkey>DllCall("AllocConsole") hConsole:=DllCall("GetConsoleWindow","UPtr") Stdout:=FileOpen(DllCall("GetStdHandle", "int", -11, "ptr"), "h `n") Stdin:=FileOpen(DllCall("GetStdHandle", "int", -10, "ptr"), "h `n")

move the cursor one position to the left

GetPos(x,y) SetPos(x-1)

move the cursor one position to the right

GetPos(x,y) SetPos(x+1)

move the cursor up one line (without affecting its horizontal position)

GetPos(x,y) SetPos(x,y-1)

move the cursor down one line (without affecting its horizontal position)

GetPos(x,y) SetPos(x,y+1)

move the cursor to the beginning of the line

GetPos(x,y) SetPos(0,y)

move the cursor to the end of the line
requires previous knowledge of screen width -- typically 80

SetPos(79) ;minus 1 because origin is (0,0)

move the cursor to the top left corner of the screen

SetPos(0,0)

move the cursor to the bottom right corner of the screen

GetConsoleSize(w,h) SetPos(w-1,h-1) ;minus 1 because origin is (0,0)

GetPos(ByRef x, ByRef y) { global Stdout VarSetCapacity(struct,22,0) e:=DllCall("GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo","UPtr",Stdout.__Handle,"Ptr",&struct) if (!e) or (ErrorLevel) return 0 ;Failure x:=NumGet(&struct,4,"UShort") y:=NumGet(&struct,6,"UShort") return 1 }

SetPos(x="",y="") { global Stdout GetPos(ox,oy) if x is not Integer x:=ox if y is not Integer y:=oy VarSetCapacity(struct,4,0) Numput(x,struct,"UShort") Numput(y,struct,2,"UShort") e:=DllCall("SetConsoleCursorPosition","Ptr",Stdout.__Handle,"uint",Numget(struct,"uint")) if (!e) or (ErrorLevel) return 0 ;Failure return 1 }

GetConsoleSize(ByRef bufferwidth, ByRef bufferheight) { global Stdout VarSetCapacity(struct,22,0) x:=DllCall("GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo","UPtr",Stdout.__Handle,"Ptr",&struct) if (!x) or (ErrorLevel) return 0 ;Failure bufferwidth:=NumGet(&struct,"UShort") bufferheight:=NumGet(&struct,2,"UShort") return 1 }</lang>

Axe

Axe does not allow relative movement of the cursor. However, if the current position is known in the X and Y variables, the behavior can be simulated. <lang axe>Output(X-1,Y) Output(X+1,Y) Output(X,Y-1) Output(X,Y+1) Output(0,Y) Output(15,Y) Output(0,0) Output(15,7)</lang>

BASIC

Works with: GW-BASIC
Works with: QBasic

<lang qbasic>10 'move left 20 LOCATE , POS(0) - 1 30 'move right 40 LOCATE , POS(0) + 1 50 'move up 60 LOCATE CSRLIN - 1 70 'move down 80 LOCATE CSRLIN + 1 900 'beginning of line 100 LOCATE , 1 110 'end of line; requires previous knowledge of screen width -- typically 80 120 LOCATE , 80 130 'top left corner 140 LOCATE 1, 1 150 'bottom right corner; requires knowledge of screen dimensions (80x25 here) 160 LOCATE 25, 80</lang>

Applesoft BASIC

80-Column Text Card: Applesoft Control Codes http://support.apple.com/kb/TA33130

Apple II Family Identification http://www.umich.edu/~archive/apple2/technotes/tn/misc/TN.MISC.007 <lang ApplesoftBasic>REM APPLE II GS ? 100 DATA56,32,31,254,160,0 110 DATA176,1,136,140,13,3,96 120 FOR I = 768 TO 780 130 READ B: POKE I,B 140 NEXT : CALL 768 150 IF PEEK (781) THEN 190

160 B = PEEK (64435) : T4 = 1

REM APPLE II ? 170 IF B = 56 THEN 200

REM APPLE II PLUS ? 180 IF B = 234 THEN 200

REM NOT 80 COLUMN MODE ? 190 T4 = PEEK (49183) < 128

REM START HERE 200 VTAB 12: HTAB 21 210 PRINT ">"; : UP = -998

REM LEFT 220 PRINT CHR$(8); : GET A$

REM RIGHT 230 IF T4 THEN CALL -1036 240 IF NOT T4 THEN PRINT CHR$(28); 250 GET A$

REM UP 260 CALL UP : GET A$

REM DOWN / LINE FEED 270 PRINT CHR$(10); : GET A$

REM BEGINNING OF LINE 300 HTAB 1 : ON T4 GOTO 350 310 IT = PEEK(37) 320 IF IT THEN CALL UP 330 PRINT 340 IF NOT IT THEN CALL UP 350 GET A$

REM END OF LINE 370 HTAB PEEK(33) 380 GET A$

REM TOP LEFT 400 IF T4 THEN VTAB 1 : HTAB 1 410 PRINT CHR$(25); : GET A$

REM BOTTOM RIGHT 420 CALL -1233 430 HTAB PEEK(33) 440 GET A$ </lang>

BBC BASIC

<lang bbcbasic> VDU 8  : REM Move one position to the left 

     VDU 9    : REM Move one position to the right
     VDU 11   : REM Move up one line
     VDU 10   : REM Move down one line
     VDU 13   : REM Move to the beginning of the line
     VDU 30   : REM Move to the top left corner
     VDU 23,16,16;0;0;0; : REM Disable scrolling
     VDU 13,8,10 : REM Move to the end of the line
     VDU 30,8 : REM Move to the bottom right corner
     VDU 23,16,0;0;0;0; : REM Enable scrolling</lang>

C

The conio.h header file in Borland's Turbo C makes keyboard interaction very simple. The following is an interactive program which has been tested with Turbo C, the delay function takes milliseconds and has been used to animate the involved cases.

<lang C> /*Abhishek Ghosh, 7th November 2013, Rotterdam*/

  1. include<conio.h>
  2. include<dos.h>

char *strings[] = {"The cursor will move one position to the left", 

 		   "The cursor will move one position to the right",
		   "The cursor will move vetically up one line", 
		   "The cursor will move vertically down one line", 
		   "The cursor will move to the beginning of the line", 
		   "The cursor will move to the end of the line", 
		   "The cursor will move to the top left corner of the screen", 
		   "The cursor will move to the bottom right corner of the screen"};

int main() { int i,j,MAXROW,MAXCOL; struct text_info tInfo; gettextinfo(&tInfo); MAXROW = tInfo.screenheight; MAXCOL = tInfo.screenwidth;

clrscr(); cprintf("This is a demonstration of cursor control using gotoxy(). Press any key to continue."); getch();

for(i=0;i<8;i++) { clrscr(); gotoxy(5,MAXROW/2);

cprintf("%s",strings[i]); getch();

switch(i){ case 0:gotoxy(wherex()-1,wherey()); break; case 1:gotoxy(wherex()+1,wherey()); break; case 2:gotoxy(wherex(),wherey()-1); break; case 3:gotoxy(wherex(),wherey()+1); break; case 4:for(j=0;j<strlen(strings[i]);j++){ gotoxy(wherex()-1,wherey()); delay(100); } break; case 5:gotoxy(wherex()-strlen(strings[i]),wherey()); for(j=0;j<strlen(strings[i]);j++){ gotoxy(wherex()+1,wherey()); delay(100); } break; case 6:while(wherex()!=1) { gotoxy(wherex()-1,wherey()); delay(100); } while(wherey()!=1) { gotoxy(wherex(),wherey()-1); delay(100); } break; case 7:while(wherex()!=MAXCOL) { gotoxy(wherex()+1,wherey()); delay(100); } while(wherey()!=MAXROW) { gotoxy(wherex(),wherey()+1); delay(100); } break; }; getch(); }

clrscr(); cprintf("End of demonstration."); getch(); return 0; } </lang>

C#

Works with: Mono version 1.2
Works with: Visual C# version 2003

<lang csharp>static void Main(string[] args) { 

   //There will be a 3 second pause between each cursor movement.
   Console.Write("\n\n\n\n     Cursor is here -->   ");
   System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(3000);
   Console.CursorLeft = Console.CursorLeft - 1; //Console.CursorLeft += -1 is an alternative.
   System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(3000);
   Console.CursorLeft = Console.CursorLeft + 1;
   System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(3000);
   Console.CursorTop = Console.CursorTop - 1;
   System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(3000);
   Console.CursorTop = Console.CursorTop + 1;
   System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(3000);
   Console.CursorLeft = 0; //Move the cursor far left.
   System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(3000);
   Console.CursorLeft = Console.BufferWidth - 1;
   /* BufferWidth represents the number of characters wide the console area is.
       * The exact value may vary on different systems.
       * As the cursor position is a 0 based index we must subtract 1 from buffer width or we move the cursor out of bounds.
       * In some cases WindowWidth may be preferable (however in this demonstration window and buffer should be the same).
       */ 
   System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(3000);
   Console.SetCursorPosition(0,0); //I have used an alternative method for moving the cursor here which I feel is cleaner for the task at hand.
   System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(3000);
   Console.SetCursorPosition(Console.BufferWidth-1, Console.WindowHeight-1); //Buffer height is usually longer than the window so window has been used instead.
   System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(3000);

} </lang>


Go

External commands

<lang go>package main

import ( 

   "fmt"
   "time"
   "os"
   "os/exec"
   "strconv"

)

func main() { 

   tput("clear") // clear screen
   tput("cup", "6", "3") // an initial position
   time.Sleep(1 * time.Second)
   tput("cub1") // left
   time.Sleep(1 * time.Second)
   tput("cuf1") // right
   time.Sleep(1 * time.Second)
   tput("cuu1") // up
   time.Sleep(1 * time.Second)
   // cud1 seems broken for me.  cud 1 works fine though.
   tput("cud", "1") // down
   time.Sleep(1 * time.Second)
   tput("cr") // begining of line
   time.Sleep(1 * time.Second)
   // get screen size here
   var h, w int
   cmd := exec.Command("stty", "size")
   cmd.Stdin = os.Stdin
   d, _ := cmd.Output()
   fmt.Sscan(string(d), &h, &w)
   // end of line
   tput("hpa", strconv.Itoa(w-1))
   time.Sleep(2 * time.Second)
   // top left
   tput("home")
   time.Sleep(2 * time.Second)
   // bottom right
   tput("cup", strconv.Itoa(h-1), strconv.Itoa(w-1))
   time.Sleep(3 * time.Second)

}

func tput(args ...string) error { 

   cmd := exec.Command("tput", args...)
   cmd.Stdout = os.Stdout
   return cmd.Run()

}</lang>

ANSI escape codes

Not meeting all task requirements. Some of the movements are awkward with ANSI escape codes alone and are best done with one of the other techniques shown. <lang go>package main

import ( 

   "fmt"
   "time"

)

func main() { 

   fmt.Print("\033[2J\033[6;3H") // clear screen, move to an initial position
   time.Sleep(1 * time.Second)   // pause to let cursor blink
   fmt.Print("\033[D") // left
   time.Sleep(1 * time.Second)
   fmt.Print("\033[C") // right
   time.Sleep(1 * time.Second)
   fmt.Print("\033[A") // up
   time.Sleep(1 * time.Second)
   fmt.Print("\033[B") // down
   time.Sleep(1 * time.Second)
   fmt.Print("\033[;H") // top left
   time.Sleep(1 * time.Second)

}</lang>

Ncurses

Library: curses

<lang go>package main

import ( 

   "log"
   "time"

   gc "code.google.com/p/goncurses"

)

func main() { 

   s, err := gc.Init()
   if err != nil {
       log.Fatal("init:", err)
   }
   defer gc.End()
   // an initial position
   s.Move(6, 3)
   s.Refresh()                 // update screen
   time.Sleep(1 * time.Second) // allow time for cursor to blink
   // left
   y, x := s.CursorYX()
   s.Move(y, x-1)
   s.Refresh()
   time.Sleep(1 * time.Second)
   // right
   y, x = s.CursorYX()
   s.Move(y, x+1)
   s.Refresh()
   time.Sleep(1 * time.Second)
   // up
   y, x = s.CursorYX()
   s.Move(y-1, x)
   s.Refresh()
   time.Sleep(1 * time.Second)
   // down
   y, x = s.CursorYX()
   s.Move(y+1, x)
   s.Refresh()
   time.Sleep(1 * time.Second)
   // beginning of line
   y, x = s.CursorYX()
   s.Move(y, 0)
   s.Refresh()
   time.Sleep(1 * time.Second)
   // get window size for moves to edges
   my, mx := s.MaxYX()
   // end of line
   y, x = s.CursorYX()
   s.Move(y, mx-1)
   s.Refresh()
   time.Sleep(2 * time.Second)
   // top left
   s.Move(0, 0)
   s.Refresh()
   time.Sleep(2 * time.Second)
   // bottom right
   s.Move(my-1, mx-1)
   s.Refresh()
   s.GetChar()

}</lang>

Kotlin

Works with: Ubuntu version 14.04

<lang scala>// version 1.1.2

const val ESC = "\u001B" // escape code

fun main(args: Array<String>) { 

   print("$ESC[2J")     // clear terminal first
   print("$ESC[10;10H") // move cursor to (10, 10) say
   val aecs = arrayOf(
       "[1D",    // left
       "[1C",    // right
       "[1A",    // up
       "[1B",    // down
       "[9D",    // line start
       "[H",     // top left
       "[24;79H" // bottom right - assuming 80 x 24 terminal
   )
   for (aec in aecs) {
       Thread.sleep(3000) // three second display between cursor movements
       print("$ESC$aec")
   }
   Thread.sleep(3000)
   println()

}</lang>

Lasso

<lang Lasso>#!/usr/bin/lasso9

local(esc = decode_base64('Gw=='))

stdoutnl('Demonstrate how to move the cursor one position to the left Demonstrate how to move the cursor one position to the right Demonstrate how to move the cursor up one line (without affecting its horizontal position) Demonstrate how to move the cursor down one line (without affecting its horizontal position) Demonstrate how to move the cursor to the beginning of the line Demonstrate how to move the cursor to the end of the line Demonstrate how to move the cursor to the top left corner of the screen Demonstrate how to move the cursor to the bottom right corner of the screen ')

// place cursor in a suitable place before exercise stdout(#esc + '[5;10H') sleep(2000)


// move the cursor one position to the left stdout(#esc + '[1D') sleep(2000)

// move the cursor one position to the right stdout(#esc + '[1C') sleep(2000)

// move the cursor up one line stdout(#esc + '[1A') sleep(2000)

// move the cursor down one line stdout(#esc + '[1B') sleep(2000)

// move the cursor to the beginning of the line stdout(#esc + '[100D') sleep(2000)

// move the cursor to the top left corner of the screen stdout(#esc + '[H') sleep(2000)

// move the cursor to the bottom right corner of the screen stdout(#esc + '[500;500H') sleep(2000)</lang>

Mathematica

<lang Mathematica>Run["tput cub1"] (* one position to the left *) Run["tput cuf1" ] (* one position to the right *) Run["tput cuu1" ] (* up one line *) Run["tput cud1"] (* down one line *) Run["tput cr"] (* beginning of line *) Run["tput home"] (* top left corner *)


WIDTH=RunThrough["tput cols", ""]; HEIGHT=RunThrough["tput lines", ""];

Run["tput hpa "<>WIDTH] (* end of line *) Run["tput cup "<>HEIGHT<>" "<> WIDTH] (* bottom right corner *)</lang>

Perl 6

<lang perl6>shell "tput cub1"; # one position to the left shell "tput cuf1"; # one position to the right shell "tput cuu1"; # up one line shell "tput cud1"; # down one line shell "tput cr"; # beginning of line shell "tput home"; # top left corner

$_ = qx[stty -a </dev/tty 2>&1]; my $rows = +m/'rows ' <(\d+)>/; my $cols = +m/'columns ' <(\d+)>/;

shell "tput hpa $cols"; # end of line shell "tput cup $rows $cols"; # bottom right corner</lang>

PicoLisp

<lang PicoLisp>(call 'tput "cub1") # one position to the left (call 'tput "cuf1") # one position to the right (call 'tput "cuu1") # up one line (call 'tput "cud1") # down one line (call 'tput "cr") # beginning of the line (call 'tput "hpa" (sys "COLUMNS")) # end of the line (call 'tput "home") # top left corner (call 'tput "cup" (sys "LINES") (sys "COLUMNS")) # bottom right corner</lang>


Python

Library: curses

<lang Python>import curses

scr = curses.initscr()

  1. Demonstrate how to move the cursor one position to the left

def move_left(): y,x = curses.getyx() curses.move(y,x-1)

  1. Demonstrate how to move the cursor one position to the right

def move_right(): y,x = curses.getyx() curses.move(y,x+1)

  1. Demonstrate how to move the cursor up one line (without affecting its horizontal position)

def move_up(): y,x = curses.getyx() curses.move(y-1,x)

  1. Demonstrate how to move the cursor down one line (without affecting its horizontal position)

def move_down(): y,x = curses.getyx() curses.move(y+1,x)

  1. Demonstrate how to move the cursor to the beginning of the line

def move_line_home() y,x = curses.getyx() curses.move(y,0)

  1. Demonstrate how to move the cursor to the end of the line

def move_line_end() y,x = curses.getyx() maxy,maxx = scr.getmaxyx() curses.move(y,maxx)

  1. Demonstrate how to move the cursor to the top left corner of the screen

def move_page_home(): curses.move(0,0)

  1. Demonstrate how to move the cursor to the bottom right corner of the screen

def move_page_end(): y,x = scr.getmaxyx() curses.move(y,x) </lang>

Racket

<lang racket>

  1. lang racket

(require (planet neil/charterm:3:0)) (define x 0) (define y 0)

(define (on-key k) 

 (match k
   ['down   (move  0 -1)]
   ['up     (move  0 +1)]
   ['right  (move +1  0)]
   ['left   (move -1  0)]
   [else    #f]))

(define (move dx dy) 

 (set! x (+ x dx))
 (set! y (+ y dy))
 (charterm-cursor x y))

(with-charterm 

(charterm-clear-screen)
(charterm-cursor 0 0)
(let loop ([continue? #t])
  (when continue?
    (loop (on-key (charterm-read-key))))))

</lang>


REXX

Works with: PC/REXX
Works with: Personal REXX

This version only works with PC/REXX or Personal REXX. <lang rexx>/*REXX pgm demonstrates how to achieve movement of the terminal cursor. */

parse value scrsize() with sd sw /*find the display screen size. */ parse value cursor() with row col /*find where the cursor is now. */

colL=col-1; if colL==0 then colL=sw /*prepare to move cursor to left.*/ call cursor row,colL /*move cursor to the left (wrap).*/

colR=col+1; if colR>sw then colL=1 /*prepare to move cursor to right*/ call cursor row,colR /*move cursor to the right (wrap)*/

rowU=row-1; if rowU==0 then rowU=sd /*prepare to move cursor up. */ call cursor rowU,col /*move cursor up (with wrap). */

rowD=row+1; if rowD>sd then rowD=1 /*prepare to move cursor down. */ call cursor rowD,col /*move cursor down (with wrap). */

call cursor row,1 /*move cursor to beginning of row*/ call cursor row,sw /*move cursor to end of row*/ call cursor 1,1 /*move cursor to top left corner.*/ call cursor sd,sw /*move cursor to bot right corner*/ 

                                      /*stick a fork in it, we're done.*/</lang>

Tcl

Translation of: UNIX Shell

<lang tcl># Simplification wrapper for when we're actually affecting the terminal proc tput args { 

   exec tput {*}$args >@stdout <@stdin

}

tput cub1; # one position to the left tput cuf1; # one position to the right tput cuu1; # up one line tput cud1; # down one line tput cr; # beginning of line tput home; # top left corner

  1. For line ends and bottom, we need to determine size of terminal

set width [exec tput cols] set height [exec tput lines]

tput hpa $width; # end of line tput cpu $height $width; # bottom right corner</lang>

UNIX Shell

<lang bash>tput cub1 # one position to the left tput cuf1 # one position to the right tput cuu1 # up one line tput cud1 # down one line tput cr # beginning of line tput home # top left corner

  1. For line ends and bottom, we need to determine size
  2. of terminal

WIDTH=`tput cols` HEIGHT=`tput lines`

tput hpa $WIDTH # end of line tput cup $HEIGHT $WIDTH # bottom right corner</lang>

XPL0

<lang XPL0>include c:\cxpl\codes; \intrinsic 'code' declarations int I, X, Y, W, H; [Cursor(10, 13); \set cursor to arbitrary location on screen I:= ChIn(1); \wait for keystroke (no echo to display) ChOut(0, $08\BS\); \backspace moves one position right I:= ChIn(1); X:= Peek($40, $50); \get cursor location from BIOS data Y:= Peek($40, $51); Cursor(X+1, Y); \move one position right I:= ChIn(1); Cursor(X+1, Y-1); \move up one line I:= ChIn(1); ChOut(0, $0A\LF\); \line feed moves down one line I:= ChIn(1); ChOut(0, $0D\CR\); \carriage return moves to beginning of current line I:= ChIn(1); W:= Peek($40, $4A); \get width of display (standard = 80; mine = 94) Cursor(W-1, Y); \move to end of current line I:= ChIn(1); Cursor(0, 0); \move to top left corner I:= ChIn(1); H:= Peek($40, $84) + 1; \get height of display (standard = 25; mine = 50) Cursor(W-1, H-1); \move to bottom right corner I:= ChIn(1); ]</lang>

Moving the cursor position beyond the terminal boundaries simply makes the flashing cursor disappear. This is sometimes useful.

zkl

Translation of: Go

zkl doesn't know anything about terminals but can print Ansi terminal codes: <lang zkl>print("\e[2J\e[6;3H"); // clear screen, move to an initial position 

  Atomic.sleep(1);	// pause to let cursor blink

print("\e[D"); // left 

  Atomic.sleep(1);

print("\e[C"); // right 

  Atomic.sleep(1);

print("\e[A"); // up 

  Atomic.sleep(1);

print("\e[B"); // down 

  Atomic.sleep(1);

print("\e[;H"); // top left 

  Atomic.sleep(1);</lang>

ZX Spectrum Basic

<lang zxbasic>10 PRINT CHR$(8);:REM cursor one position left 20 PRINT CHR$(9);:REM cursor one position right 30 GO SUB 500: REM get cursor position 40 IF cr>0 THEN LET cr=cr-1: GO SUB 550: REM cursor up one line 50 IF cr<22 THEN LET cr=cr+1: GO SUB 550: REM cursor down one line 60 POKE 23688,33: REM cursor to beginning of the line 70 POKE 23688,0: REM cursor to end of line 80 POKE 23688,33:POKE 23689,24: REM cursor to top left 90 REM bottom two rows are reserved for input and errors 100 REM so we reserve those lines here 110 POKE 23688,0: POKE 23689,2: REM bottom right

499 STOP: REM do not overrun into subroutines

500 REM get cursor position 510 LET cc=33-PEEK 23688:REM current column 520 LET cr=24-PEEK 23689:REM current row 530 RETURN

550 REM set cursor position 560 PRINT AT cr,cc; 570 RETURN

600 REM alternative set cursor position 610 POKE 23688,33-cc 620 POKE 23689,24-cr 630 RETURN</lang>

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