Terminal control/Coloured text
You are encouraged to solve this task according to the task description, using any language you may know.
The task is to display a word in various colours on the terminal. The system palette, or colours such as Red, Green, Blue, Magenta, Cyan, and Yellow can be used.
Optionally demonstrate:
- How the system should determine if the terminal supports colour
- Setting of the background colour
- How to cause blinking or flashing (if supported by the terminal)
AutoHotkey
AutoHotkey is not written for the command line, so we need to use the WinAPI directly. For simplicity, this example demonstrates only the foreground colours. <lang AHK>DllCall( "AllocConsole" ) ; create a console if not launched from one hConsole := DllCall( "GetStdHandle", int, STDOUT := -11 ) Loop 15 SetConsoleTextAttribute(hConsole, A_Index) ,WriteConsole(hConsole, "AutoHotkey`n")
MsgBox
SetConsoleTextAttribute(hConsole, Attributes){ return DllCall( "SetConsoleTextAttribute", UPtr, hConsole, UShort, Attributes) } WriteConsole(hConsole, text){ VarSetCapacity(out, 16) If DllCall( "WriteConsole", UPtr, hConsole, Str, text, UInt, StrLen(text) , UPtrP, out, uint, 0 ) return out return 0 }</lang>
BASIC
<lang qbasic>FOR n = 1 TO 15
COLOR n PRINT "Rosetta Code"
NEXT</lang>
BBC BASIC
<lang bbcbasic> FOR col% = 0 TO 14
COLOUR col% : REM foreground
COLOUR 128+(15-col%) : REM background
PRINT "Rosetta Code"
NEXT</lang>
Befunge
Assuming a terminal with support for ANSI escape sequences, this displays the words Red, Green, Blue, Magenta, Cyan and Yellow, using the corresponding text colour and a "complementary" background colour. <lang befunge><v0"1Red"0"2Green"0"4Blue"0"5Magenta"0"6Cyan"0"3Yellow"00 ,_:!#@_:"m3["39*,,,\,,"m4["39*,,,\"g"\->:#,_55+"m["39*,,,</lang>
C
On a terminal that understands ANSI escape sequences, such as color xterm, this shows you some annoyingly huge, annoyingly colorful tables. <lang c>#include <stdio.h>
void table(const char *title, const char *mode) { int f, b; printf("\n\033[1m%s\033[m\n bg\t fg\n", title); for (b = 40; b <= 107; b++) { if (b == 48) b = 100; printf("%3d\t\033[%s%dm", b, mode, b); for (f = 30; f <= 97; f++) { if (f == 38) f = 90; printf("\033[%dm%3d ", f, f); } puts("\033[m"); } }
int main(void) { int fg, bg, blink, inverse;
table("normal ( ESC[22m or ESC[m )", "22;"); table("bold ( ESC[1m )", "1;"); table("faint ( ESC[2m ), not well supported", "2;"); table("italic ( ESC[3m ), not well supported", "3;"); table("underline ( ESC[4m ), support varies", "4;"); table("blink ( ESC[5m )", "5;"); table("inverted ( ESC[7m )", "7;"); return 0; }</lang>
C#
Visual Studios Intellisense will list all available colours. <lang csharp> static void Main(string[] args) {
Console.ForegroundColor = ConsoleColor.Red;
Console.BackgroundColor = ConsoleColor.Yellow;
Console.WriteLine("Red on Yellow");
Console.ForegroundColor = ConsoleColor.White;
Console.BackgroundColor = ConsoleColor.Black;
Console.WriteLine("White on black");
Console.ResetColor();
Console.WriteLine("Back to normal");
Console.ReadKey();
} </lang>
COBOL
Note: LOWLIGHT and BLINK are not well supported on modern terminals, and may have no effect.
<lang cobol>*> Apologies for the repetitiveness.
IDENTIFICATION DIVISION.
PROGRAM-ID. coloured-text.
DATA DIVISION.
WORKING-STORAGE SECTION.
78 example-str VALUE "COBOL".
01 fore-colour PIC 9.
01 back-colour PIC 9.
01 line-num PIC 99 VALUE 1.
01 col-num PIC 99 VALUE 1.
01 pause PIC X.
PROCEDURE DIVISION.
PERFORM VARYING fore-colour FROM 0 BY 1 UNTIL fore-colour > 7
PERFORM VARYING back-colour FROM 0 BY 1
UNTIL back-colour > 7
DISPLAY example-str AT LINE line-num, COLUMN col-num
WITH FOREGROUND-COLOR fore-colour,
BACKGROUND-COLOR back-colour
ADD 6 TO col-num
END-PERFORM
ADD 1 TO line-num
MOVE 1 TO col-num
END-PERFORM
DISPLAY "With HIGHLIGHT:" AT LINE line-num, COLUMN 1
ADD 1 TO line-num
PERFORM VARYING fore-colour FROM 0 BY 1 UNTIL fore-colour > 7
PERFORM VARYING back-colour FROM 0 BY 1
UNTIL back-colour > 7
DISPLAY example-str AT LINE line-num, COLUMN col-num
WITH FOREGROUND-COLOR fore-colour,
BACKGROUND-COLOR back-colour HIGHLIGHT
ADD 6 TO col-num
END-PERFORM
ADD 1 TO line-num
MOVE 1 TO col-num
END-PERFORM
DISPLAY "With LOWLIGHT: (has no effect on many terminals)"
AT LINE line-num, COLUMN 1
ADD 1 TO line-num
PERFORM VARYING fore-colour FROM 0 BY 1 UNTIL fore-colour > 7
PERFORM VARYING back-colour FROM 0 BY 1
UNTIL back-colour > 7
DISPLAY example-str AT LINE line-num, COLUMN col-num
WITH FOREGROUND-COLOR fore-colour,
BACKGROUND-COLOR back-colour LOWLIGHT
ADD 6 TO col-num
END-PERFORM
ADD 1 TO line-num
MOVE 1 TO col-num
END-PERFORM
DISPLAY "With BLINK:" AT LINE line-num, COLUMN 1
ADD 1 TO line-num
PERFORM VARYING fore-colour FROM 0 BY 1 UNTIL fore-colour > 7
PERFORM VARYING back-colour FROM 0 BY 1
UNTIL back-colour > 7
DISPLAY example-str AT LINE line-num, COLUMN col-num
WITH FOREGROUND-COLOR fore-colour,
BACKGROUND-COLOR back-colour BLINK
ADD 6 TO col-num
END-PERFORM
ADD 1 TO line-num
MOVE 1 TO col-num
END-PERFORM
DISPLAY "Press enter to continue."
AT LINE line-num, COLUMN 1
ACCEPT pause AT LINE line-num, COLUMN 40
GOBACK
.</lang>
D
For terminals that understand color escape sequences: <lang d>import
std.conv, std.stdio;
enum Color {
fgBlack = 30, fgRed, fgGreen, fgYellow, fgBlue, fgMagenta, fgCyan, fgWhite,
bgBlack = 40, bgRed, bgGreen, bgYellow, bgBlue, bgMagenta, bgCyan, bgWhite
}
string color(string text, Color ink) {
return "\033["
~ ink.to!int.to!string
~ "m"
~ text
~ "\033[0m";
}
void main() {
auto colors = [
Color.fgBlack,
Color.fgRed,
Color.fgGreen,
Color.fgYellow,
Color.fgBlue,
Color.fgMagenta,
Color.fgCyan,
Color.fgWhite
];
foreach (c; colors) {
// Print the color name, in white.
c.to!string.color(Color.fgWhite).writeln;
// Print some text in the color.
"Hello, world!".color(c).writeln;
}
}</lang>
F#
<lang fsharp>open System
Console.ForegroundColor <- ConsoleColor.Red Console.BackgroundColor <- ConsoleColor.Yellow Console.WriteLine("Red on Yellow")
Console.ForegroundColor <- ConsoleColor.White Console.BackgroundColor <- ConsoleColor.Black Console.WriteLine("White on Black")
Console.ForegroundColor <- ConsoleColor.Green Console.BackgroundColor <- ConsoleColor.Blue Console.WriteLine("Green on Blue")
Console.ResetColor() Console.WriteLine("Back to normal") Console.ReadKey()</lang>
Forth
ANS/ISO Forth does not specify how screen color is handled. This demonstration creates a set of commands for an ANSI terminal that give the programmer control of text color. <LANG FORTH>( ANSI terminal control lexicon Colored Text) DECIMAL ( support routines)
27 CONSTANT ESC
- <##> ( n -- ) ( sends n, radix 10, no spaces)
BASE @ >R 0 <# #S #> TYPE R> BASE ! ;
- ESC[ ( -- ) ESC EMIT ." [" ;
( Attributes ) 1 CONSTANT BOLD 2 CONSTANT DIM 3 CONSTANT ITALIC 5 CONSTANT BLINK 7 CONSTANT REV 8 CONSTANT BLANK
( Colors ) 0 CONSTANT BLACK 1 CONSTANT RED 2 CONSTANT GREEN 3 CONSTANT YELLOW 4 CONSTANT BLUE 5 CONSTANT MAGENTA 6 CONSTANT CYAN 7 CONSTANT WHITE
- ATTR ( attribute ) ESC[ <##> ." m" ; ( use: BOLD ATTR )
- TEXT ( color ) 30 + ATTR ; ( use: YELLOW TEXT )
- BACKGROUND ( color ) 40 + ATTR ; ( use: BLUE BACKGROUND )
</LANG> With the code loaded into Forth, color control is a part of the language <lang forth>WHITE TEXT BLUE BACKGROUND ok BLUE TEXT BOLD ATTR ok CYAN TEXT ok</LANG>
Fortran
Intel Fortran on Windows
Using Windows API functions, see for instance SetConsoleTextAttribute in MSDN. On can set foreground and background colors, available attributes are here. It's not possible to cause blinking without using a thread to change attributes at time intervals. The program reverts the console attributes to the preceding values. Failing to do that, it is still possible to reset console colors with the color command, without arguments.
<lang fortran>program textcolor
use kernel32
implicit none
integer(HANDLE) :: hConsole
integer(BOOL) :: q
type(T_CONSOLE_SCREEN_BUFFER_INFO) :: csbi
hConsole = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE)
if (GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo(hConsole, csbi) == 0) then
error stop "GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo failed."
end if
q = SetConsoleTextAttribute(hConsole, int(FOREGROUND_RED .or. &
FOREGROUND_INTENSITY .or. &
BACKGROUND_BLUE .or. &
BACKGROUND_RED, WORD))
print "(A)", "This is a red string."
q = SetConsoleTextAttribute(hConsole, csbi%wAttributes)
end program</lang>
FunL
<lang funl>import console.*
bold() blink()
if $os.toLowerCase().startsWith( 'win' )
println( 'not supported' )
else
println( 'good to go' )
reset()
println( RED + 'Red', GREEN + 'Green', BLUE + 'Blue', MAGENTA + 'Magenta', CYAN + 'Cyan', YELLOW + 'Yellow' + RESET )</lang>
Go
External command
<lang go>package main
import (
"fmt" "os" "os/exec"
)
func main() {
color(red)
fmt.Println("Red")
color(green)
fmt.Println("Green")
color(blue)
fmt.Println("Blue")
}
const (
blue = "1" green = "2" red = "4"
)
func color(c string) {
cmd := exec.Command("tput", "setf", c)
cmd.Stdout = os.Stdout
cmd.Run()
}</lang> Optional tasks <lang go>package main
import (
"fmt" "log" "os" "os/exec"
)
func main() {
// set background color to blue, log error message if impossible.
if err := tput("setb", blue); err != nil {
log.Fatal("no color capability")
}
// clearing the screen will fill screen with background color
// on most terminals.
tput("clear")
tput("blink") // set blink attribute
tput("setb", red) // new background color
fmt.Println(" Blinking Red ")
tput("sgr0") // clear blink (and all other attributes)
}
const (
blue = "1" green = "2" red = "4"
)
func tput(args ...string) error {
cmd := exec.Command("tput", args...)
cmd.Stdout = os.Stdout
return cmd.Run()
}</lang>
ANSI escape codes
<lang go>package main
import "fmt"
func main() {
fmt.Println("\033[31mRed")
fmt.Println("\033[32mGreen")
fmt.Println("\033[34mBlue")
}</lang> Optional tasks <lang go>package main
import "fmt"
func main() {
fmt.Print("\033[44m") // set background color
fmt.Print("\033[2J") // clear screen to paint new background color
fmt.Print("\033[5;41m") // blink on, red background
fmt.Println(" Blinking Red ")
fmt.Print("\033[25;40m") // blink off, black background
}</lang>
Ncurses
<lang go>package main
import (
"log"
gc "code.google.com/p/goncurses"
)
func main() {
s, err := gc.Init()
if err != nil {
log.Fatal("init:", err)
}
defer gc.End()
gc.StartColor()
const (
red = 1
green = 2
blue = 3
)
gc.InitPair(red, gc.C_RED, gc.C_BLACK)
gc.InitPair(green, gc.C_GREEN, gc.C_BLACK)
gc.InitPair(blue, gc.C_BLUE, gc.C_BLACK)
s.ColorOn(red)
s.Println("Red")
s.ColorOn(green)
s.Println("Green")
s.ColorOn(blue)
s.Println("Blue")
s.GetChar()
}</lang> Optional tasks <lang go>package main
import (
"log"
gc "code.google.com/p/goncurses"
)
func main() {
s, err := gc.Init()
if err != nil {
log.Fatal("init:", err)
}
defer gc.End()
// determine color support
if !gc.HasColors() {
log.Fatal("no color support")
}
// set background color
gc.StartColor()
gc.InitPair(1, gc.C_WHITE, gc.C_BLUE)
s.ColorOn(1)
s.SetBackground(gc.Char(' ') | gc.ColorPair(1))
// blinking, different background color
s.AttrOn(gc.A_BLINK)
gc.InitPair(2, gc.C_WHITE, gc.C_RED)
s.ColorOn(2)
s.Print(" Blinking Red ")
s.GetChar()
}</lang>
Haskell
<lang haskell>#!/usr/bin/runhaskell
import System.Console.ANSI
colorStrLn :: ColorIntensity -> Color -> ColorIntensity -> Color -> String -> IO () colorStrLn fgi fg bgi bg str = do
setSGR [SetColor Foreground fgi fg, SetColor Background bgi bg] putStr str setSGR [] putStrLn ""
main = do
colorStrLn Vivid White Vivid Red "This is red on white." colorStrLn Vivid White Dull Blue "This is white on blue." colorStrLn Vivid Green Dull Black "This is green on black." colorStrLn Vivid Yellow Dull Black "This is yellow on black." colorStrLn Dull Black Vivid Blue "This is black on light blue."</lang>
J
Quite different from the fixed c solution, we flexibly construct character vectors that combine various functions. This code constructs two such sequences, DB is useful to write vertical text, and the noun J output to the terminal draws to the extent of my artistic ability the J icon at the relative position. <lang J>NB. relies on an vt100 terminal
CSI=: 27 91 { a. 'BLACK BLUE CYAN WHITE'=: 0 4 6 7 'OFF REVERSEVIDEO'=: 0 7
HIDECURSOR=: CSI,'?25l' SHOWCURSOR=: CSI,'?25h'
csi=: (,~ (CSI , (' '&=)`(,:&';')}@:":))~ clear=: csi&'J' attributes=: csi&'m' color=: BLACK&$: : (attributes@:(40 30 + ,)) NB. BACKGROUND color FOREGROUND move=: csi&'H'
upward=: csi&'A' downward=: csi&'B' foreward=: csi&'C' backward=: csi&'D'
DB=: (downward , backward)
NB. J is character vector to simulate the J icon. J=: (BLUE color WHITE[CYAN) J=: J , (backward 1),' T ',(backward 1),DB,,3#,:'|',DB J=: J , (backward 5),'* |',DB J=: J , (backward 5),'\____/' smoutput(color BLACK),(clear 2),(move 8 22),J,(WHITE color BLACK),(downward 2) </lang>
Julia
Julia has rudimentary color terminal support built-in. Slightly more elaborate color and effect support is available with the AnsiColor package.
<lang Julia>
using AnsiColor
function showbasecolors()
for color in keys(Base.text_colors)
print_with_color(color, " ", string(color), " ")
end
println()
end
function showansicolors()
for fore in keys(AnsiColor.COLORS)
print(@sprintf("%15s ", fore))
for back in keys(AnsiColor.COLORS)
print(" ", colorize(fore, "RC", background=back), " ")
end
println()
end
println()
for eff in keys(AnsiColor.MODES)
print(@sprintf(" %s ", eff), colorize("default", "RC", mode=eff))
end
println()
end
if Base.have_color
println()
println("Base Colors")
showbasecolors()
println("\nusing AnsiColor")
showansicolors()
println()
else
println("This terminal appears not to support color.")
end </lang>
- Output:
$ julia --color=yes terminal_control_color.jl
- Output:
$ julia --color=no terminal_control_color.jl This terminal appears not to support color.
Kotlin
<lang scala>// version 1.1.2
const val ESC = "\u001B" const val NORMAL = ESC + "[0" const val BOLD = ESC + "[1" const val BLINK = ESC + "[5" // not working on my machine const val BLACK = ESC + "[0;40m" // black background const val WHITE = ESC + "[0;37m" // normal white foreground
fun main(args: Array<String>) {
print("${ESC}c") // clear terminal first
print(BLACK) // set background color to black
val foreColors = listOf(
";31m" to "red",
";32m" to "green",
";33m" to "yellow",
";34m" to "blue",
";35m" to "magenta",
";36m" to "cyan",
";37m" to "white"
)
for (attr in listOf(NORMAL, BOLD, BLINK)) {
for (color in foreColors) println("$attr${color.first}${color.second}")
}
println(WHITE) // set foreground color to normal white
}</lang>
Lasso
<lang Lasso>#!/usr/bin/lasso9
define ec(code::string) => {
local(esc = decode_base64('Gw==')) local(codes = map('esc' = #esc, 'normal' = #esc + '[0m', 'blink' = #esc + '[5;31;49m', 'red' = #esc + '[31;49m', 'blue' = #esc + '[34;49m', 'green' = #esc + '[32;49m', 'magenta' = #esc + '[35;49m', 'yellowred' = #esc + '[33;41m' ))
return #codes -> find(#code) }
stdout( ec('red')) stdoutnl('So this is the Rosetta Code!') stdout( ec('blue')) stdoutnl('So this is the Rosetta Code!') stdout( ec('green')) stdoutnl('So this is the Rosetta Code!') stdout( ec('magenta')) stdoutnl('So this is the Rosetta Code!') stdout( ec('yellowred')) stdout('So this is the Rosetta Code!') stdoutnl( ec('blink')) stdoutnl('So this is the Rosetta Code!') stdout( ec('normal')) </lang>
Locomotive Basic
<lang locobasic>10 mode 1:defint a-z 20 print "Mode 1 (4 colors):" 30 for y=0 to 3 40 for x=0 to 3 50 pen x:paper y:print "Test"; 60 next 70 print 80 next 90 pen 1:paper 0 100 locate 1,25:print "<Press any key>";:call &bb06 110 ink 1,8,26 120 ink 2,21,17 130 locate 1,25:print "Flashing inks --- <Press any key>";:call &bb06 140 speed ink 8,3 150 locate 1,25:print "Different flashing --- <Press any key>";:call &bb06 160 ink 1,24:ink 2,20 ' back to defaults -- see chapter 1, page 50 in CPC manual 170 pen 1:paper 0:mode 0:speed ink 50,50 180 print "Mode 0 (16 colors):" 190 for i=0 to 15 200 pen i 210 if i=0 then paper 1 else paper 0 220 print using "##";i; 230 for j=1 to 18 240 print chr$(143); 250 next 260 next 270 pen 1:paper 0 280 print "Paper/pen 14 and 15" 290 print "are set to"; 300 pen 14:print " flashing":pen 1 310 print "by default." 320 print 330 print "*End of color demo*" 340 locate 1,25:print "<Press any key>";:call &bb06 350 mode 1</lang>
Mathematica
Delegating to tput on terminal enabled OS(Mac Os, Linux)
<lang Mathematica>Run["tput setaf 1"]; Print["Coloured Text"];
Run["tput setaf 2"]; Print["Coloured Text"];
Run["tput setaf 3"]; Print["Coloured Text"]</lang>
Nim
<lang nim>import Terminal setForegroundColor(fgRed) echo "FATAL ERROR! Cannot write to /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-33-generic"
setBackgroundColor(bgBlue) setForegroundColor(fgYellow) stdout.write "This is an " writeStyled "important" stdout.write " word" resetAttributes() stdout.write "\n"
setForegroundColor(fgYellow) echo "RosettaCode!"
setForegroundColor(fgCyan) echo "RosettaCode!"
setForegroundColor(fgGreen) echo "RosettaCode!"
setForegroundColor(fgMagenta) echo "RosettaCode!"</lang>
OCaml
Using the library ANSITerminal in the interactive loop:
<lang ocaml>$ ocaml unix.cma -I +ANSITerminal ANSITerminal.cma
- open ANSITerminal ;;
- print_string [cyan; on_blue] "Hello\n" ;;
Hello - : unit = ()</lang>
ooRexx
This program is based on the shell script in the Bash Prompt HowTo at http://www.tldp.org/, by Giles Orr. It uses object-oriented features of Open Object Rexx. <lang REXX>
- !/usr/bin/rexx
/*.----------------------------------------------------------------------.*/ /*|bashcolours: Display a table showing all of the possible colours that |*/ /*| can be generated using ANSI escapes in bash in an xterm |*/ /*| terminal session. |*/ /*| |*/ /*|Usage: |*/ /*| |*/ /*|>>-bashcolours-.----------.-----------------------------------------><|*/ /*| |-- -? ----| |*/ /*| |-- -h ----| |*/ /*| '- --help -' |*/ /*| |*/ /*|where |*/ /*| -?, -h or --help |*/ /*| display this documentation. |*/ /*| |*/ /*|This program is based on the shell script in the Bash Prompt HowTo at |*/ /*|http://www.tldp.org/, by Giles Orr. |*/ /*| |*/ /*|This program writes the various colour codes to the terminal to |*/ /*|demonstrate what's available. Each line showshe colour code of one |*/ /*|forground colour, out of 17 (default + 16 escapes), followed by a test|*/ /*|use of that colour on all nine background colours (default + 8 |*/ /*|escapes). Additional highlighting escapes are also demonstrated. |*/ /*| |*/ /*|This program uses object-oriented features of Open Object Rexx. |*/ /*|The lineout method is used instead of say for consistency with use of |*/ /*|the charout method. |*/ /*'----------------------------------------------------------------------'*/
call usage arg(1) trace normal
/* See if escapes work on the kind of terminal in use. */
if value('TERM',,'ENVIRONMENT') = 'LINUX' then
do
say 'The Linux console does not support ANSI escape sequences for',
'changing text colours or highlighting.'
exit 4
end
/* Set up the escape sequences. */
! = '1B'x -- ASCII escape
bg = .array~of('[40m','[41m','[42m','[43m','[44m','[45m','[46m','[47m')
fg = .array~of('[0m', '[1m', '[0;30m','[1;30m','[0;31m','[1;31m',,
'[0;32m','[1;32m','[0;33m','[1;33m','[0;34m','[1;34m',,
'[0;35m','[1;35m','[0;36m','[1;36m','[0;37m','[1;37m')
hi = .array~of('[4m','[5m','[7m','[8m')
text = 'gYw' -- The test text
.OUTPUT~lineout(' ')
.OUTPUT~lineout('Foreground | Background Codes')
.OUTPUT~lineout(!'[4mCodes '!'[0m|'||,
!'[4m~[40m ~[41m ~[42m ~[43m ~[44m ~[45m ~[46m ~[47m'!'[0m')
do f = 1 to fg~size -- write the foreground info. prefix = '~'fg[f]~left(6)' '!||fg[f]~strip' 'text .OUTPUT~charout(prefix)
do b = 1 to bg~size -- write the background info.
segment = !||fg[f]~strip !||bg[b]' 'text' '!||fg[1]
.OUTPUT~charout(segment)
end
.OUTPUT~lineout(' ')
end
/* Write the various highlighting escape sequences. */
prefix = '~[4m'~left(6)' '!||hi[1]'Underlined'!||fg[1]
.OUTPUT~lineout(prefix)
prefix = '~[5m'~left(6)' '!||hi[2]'Blinking'!||fg[1]
.OUTPUT~lineout(prefix)
prefix = '~[7m'~left(6)' '!||hi[3]'Inverted'!||fg[1]
.OUTPUT~lineout(prefix)
prefix = '~[8m'~left(6)' '!||hi[4]'Concealed'!||fg[1],
"(Doesn't seem to work in my xterm; might in Windows?)"
.OUTPUT~lineout(prefix)
.OUTPUT~lineout(' ')
.OUTPUT~lineout("Where ~ denotes the ASCII escape character ('1B'x).")
.OUTPUT~lineout(' ')
exit
/*.--------------------------------------------------------.*/ /*|One might expect to be able to use directory collections|*/ /*|as below instead of array collections, but there is no |*/ /*|way to guarantee that a directory's indices will be |*/ /*|iterated over in a consistent sequence, since directory |*/ /*|objects are not ordered. Oh, well... |*/ /*'--------------------------------------------------------'*/
fg = .directory~new fg[Default] = '[0m'; fg[DefaultBold] = '[1m' fg[Black] = '[0;30m'; fg[DarkGray] = '[1;30m' fg[Blue] = '[0;34m'; fg[LightBlue] = '[1;34m' fg[Green] = '[0;32m'; fg[LightGreen] = '[1;32m' fg[Cyan] = '[0;36m'; fg[LightCyan] = '[1;36m' fg[Red] = '[0;31m'; fg[LightRed] = '[1;31m' fg[Purple] = '[0;35m'; fg[LightPurple] = '[1;35m' fg[Brown] = '[0;33m'; fg[Yellow] = '[1;33m' fg[LightGray] = '[0;37m'; fg[White] = '[1;37m' bg = .directory~new; hi = .directory~new bg[Black] = '[0;40m'; hi[Underlined] = '[4m' bg[Blue] = '[0;44m'; hi[Blinking] = '[5m' bg[Green] = '[0;42m'; hi[Inverted] = '[7m' bg[Cyan] = '[0;46m'; hi[Concealed] = '[8m' bg[Red] = '[0;41m' bg[Purple] = '[0;45m' bg[Brown] = '[0;43m' bg[LightGray] = '[0;47m'
usage: procedure
trace normal
if arg(1) = '-h',
| arg(1) = '-?',
| arg(1) = '--help'
then
do
line = '/*|'
say
do l = 3 by 1 while line~left(3) = '/*|'
line = sourceline(l)
parse var line . '/*|' text '|*/' .
.OUTPUT~lineout(text)
end
say
exit 0
end
return </lang> This is what the output looks like:
--Leslie 23:10, 23 September 2012 (UTC)
PARI/GP
<lang parigp>for(b=40, 47, for(c=30, 37, printf("\e[%d;%d;1mRosetta Code\e[0m\n", c, b)))</lang>
Perl
<lang perl>my %colors = (
red => "\e[1;31m", green => "\e[1;32m", yellow => "\e[1;33m", blue => "\e[1;34m", magenta => "\e[1;35m", cyan => "\e[1;36m"
); $clr = "\e[0m";
print "$colors{$_}$_ text $clr\n" for sort keys %colors;
- the Perl 6 code also works
use feature 'say'; use Term::ANSIColor;
say colored('RED ON WHITE', 'bold red on_white'); say colored('GREEN', 'bold green'); say colored('BLUE ON YELLOW', 'bold blue on_yellow'); say colored('MAGENTA', 'bold magenta'); say colored('CYAN ON RED', 'bold cyan on_red'); say colored('YELLOW', 'bold yellow');</lang>
Perl 6
<lang perl6>use Terminal::ANSIColor;
say colored('RED ON WHITE', 'bold red on_white'); say colored('GREEN', 'bold green'); say colored('BLUE ON YELLOW', 'bold blue on_yellow'); say colored('MAGENTA', 'bold magenta'); say colored('CYAN ON RED', 'bold cyan on_red'); say colored('YELLOW', 'bold yellow');</lang>
Phix
The following builtin constants (0..15) may be used: BLACK, BLUE, BRIGHT_BLUE, BROWN, CYAN, BRIGHT_CYAN, GRAY, GREEN, BRIGHT_GREEN, MAGENTA, BRIGHT_MAGENTA, RED, BRIGHT_RED, WHITE, BRIGHT_WHITE, YELLOW <lang Phix>-- -- demo\rosetta\Coloured_text.exw -- ================================ -- text_color(GRAY) bk_color(BLACK) printf(1,"Background color# 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15\n") printf(1," -----------------------------------------------\n") for foreground=0 to 15 do
printf(1,"Foreground color# %02d ",foreground)
for background=0 to 15 do
text_color(foreground)
bk_color(background)
printf(1,"%02d",foreground)
text_color(GRAY)
bk_color(BLACK)
printf(1," ")
end for
printf(1,"\n")
end for printf(1,"\n\npress enter to exit") {} = wait_key()</lang> Output matches PureBasic
PicoLisp
<lang PicoLisp>(unless (member (sys "TERM") '("linux" "xterm" "xterm-color" "xterm-256color" "rxvt"))
(quit "This application requires a colour terminal") )
- Coloured text
(for X '((1 . "Red") (4 . "Blue") (3 . "Yellow"))
(call 'tput "setaf" (car X)) (prinl (cdr X)) )
- Blinking
(out '(tput "-S")
(prinl "setab 1^Jsetaf 3^Jblink") )
(prin "Flashing text")
(call 'tput 'sgr0) # reset (prinl)</lang>
PowerShell
<lang PowerShell> foreach ($color in [enum]::GetValues([System.ConsoleColor])) {Write-Host "$color color." -ForegroundColor $color} </lang>
Python
<lang python> from colorama import init, Fore, Back, Style init(autoreset=True)
print Fore.RED + "FATAL ERROR! Cannot write to /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-33-generic" print Back.BLUE + Fore.YELLOW + "What a cute console!" print "This is an %simportant%s word" % (Style.BRIGHT, Style.NORMAL) print Fore.YELLOW + "Rosetta Code!" print Fore.CYAN + "Rosetta Code!" print Fore.GREEN + "Rosetta Code!" print Fore.MAGENTA + "Rosetta Code!" print Back.YELLOW + Fore.BLUE + Style.BRIGHT + " " * 40 + " == Good Bye!" </lang>
This is a windows only solution without colorama
<lang python>
from ctypes import *
windll.Kernel32.GetStdHandle.restype = c_ulong h = windll.Kernel32.GetStdHandle(c_ulong(0xfffffff5))
- Default CMD colour = 7
def color(colour):
windll.Kernel32.SetConsoleTextAttribute(h, colour)
for count in range (0, 16):
color(count) print "This Colour Is #" + str(count)
print "" color(7) raw_input("holding cmd") </lang>
PureBasic
<lang purebasic>If OpenConsole()
PrintN("Background color# 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15")
PrintN(" -----------------------------------------------")
Define Foreground, Background
For Foreground = 0 To 15
ConsoleColor(7, 0) ;grey foreground, black background
Print("Foreground color# " + RSet(Str(Foreground), 2, "0") + " ")
For Background = 0 To 15
ConsoleColor(Foreground, Background)
Print(RSet(Str(Foreground), 2, "0"))
ConsoleColor(7, 0) ;grey foreground, black background
Print(" ")
Next
PrintN("")
Next
ConsoleColor(7, 0) ;grey foreground, black background
Print(#CRLF$ + #CRLF$ + "Press ENTER to exit"): Input()
CloseConsole()
EndIf</lang>
Racket
<lang racket>
- lang racket
- Utility interfaces to the low-level command
(define (capability? cap) (system (~a "tput "cap" > /dev/null 2>&1"))) (define (tput . xs) (system (apply ~a 'tput " " (add-between xs " "))) (void)) (define (colorterm?) (and (capability? 'setaf) (capability? 'setab))) (define color-map '([black 0] [red 1] [green 2] [yellow 3]
[blue 4] [magenta 5] [cyan 6] [white 7]))
(define (foreground color) (tput 'setaf (cadr (assq color color-map)))) (define (background color) (tput 'setab (cadr (assq color color-map)))) (define (reset) (tput 'sgr0) (void))
- Demonstration of use
(if (colorterm?)
(begin (foreground 'blue)
(background 'yellow)
(displayln "Color output")
(reset))
(displayln "Monochrome only"))
(if (capability? 'blink)
(begin (tput 'blink)
(displayln "Blinking output")
(reset))
(displayln "Steady only"))
</lang>
REXX
PC/REXX or Personal REXX
This REXX program only works under PC/REXX (also called Personal REXX).
PC/REXX can execute under MSDOS (or a Windows DOS window), or OS/2.
Only Windows older than Windows 7 supports RC/REXX, newer versions of Windows won't run 16-bit code.
The prologue code (at the bottom of the program) is a collection of some general-purpose subroutines which determine:
- which environment (operating system) the REXX interpreter is running under
- if Windows/NT/XP/Vista/7/8 (the NT family) is running
- which REXX is being executed
- what literal to use to obtain the environmental variables (for the value bif)
- what the fileName, fileType/fileExt, fileMode/path is of the REXX program
- which command to use to clear the terminal screen
- invokes $H to show general documentation (1st and only arg = ?)
- invokes $H to show a flow diagram (1st and only arg = ?FLOW)
- invokes $H to show sample uses (1st and only arg = ?SAMPLE)
- invokes $H to show the author & contact info (1st and only arg = ?AUTHOR)
All the prologue was left intact to give a general feel of the scope of the boilerplate code.
The prologue code is in many REXX programs and it's easier to keep them on one line for copying purposes and sorting.
The program displays 16 lines, each of a different color with text stating the color of the text.
(The black text, of course, is essentially invisible as the background is also black.)
<lang rexx>/*REXX program to display sixteen lines, each of a different color. */
parse arg !; if !all() then exit /*exit if documentation specified*/
if \!dos & \!os2 then exit /*if this isn't DOS, then exit. */
if \!pcrexx then exit /*if this isn't PC/REXX, exit. */
color.0 = 'black' /*┌─────────────────────────────┐*/ color.1 = 'dark blue' /*│ Normally, all programs issue│*/ color.2 = 'dark green' /*│ the (above) error messages │*/ color.3 = 'dark cyan/turquois' /*│ through another REXX program│*/ color.4 = 'dark red' /*│ ($ERR) which has more │*/ color.5 = 'dark pink/magenta' /*│ verbiage and explanations, │*/ color.6 = 'dark yellow (orange)' /*│ and issues the error text in│*/ color.7 = 'dark white' /*│ red (if color is available).│*/ color.8 = 'brite black (grey/gray)' /*└─────────────────────────────┘*/ color.9 = 'bright blue' color.10 = 'bright green' color.11 = 'bright cyan/turquois' color.12 = 'bright red' color.13 = 'bright pink/magenta' color.14 = 'bright yellow' color.15 = 'bright white'
do j=0 to 15 /*show all sixteen color codes. */
call scrwrite ,,'color code=['right(j,2)"]" color.j,,,j; say
end /*j*/ /*the "SAY" forces a NEWLINE. */
exit /*stick a fork in it, we're done.*/ /*══════════════════════════════════general 1-line subs═════════════════*/ !all:!!=!;!=space(!);upper !;call !fid;!nt=right(!var('OS'),2)=='NT';!cls=word('CLS VMFCLEAR CLRSCREEN',1+!cms+!tso*2);if arg(1)\==1 then return 0;if wordpos(!,'? ?SAMPLES ?AUTHOR ?FLOW')==0 then return 0;!call=']$H';call '$H' !fn !;!call=;return 1 !cal:if symbol('!CALL')\=="VAR" then !call=;return !call !env:!env='ENVIRONMENT';if !sys=='MSDOS'|!brexx|!r4|!roo then !env='SYSTEM';if !os2 then !env='OS2'!env;!ebcdic=1=='f0'x;return !fid:parse upper source !sys !fun !fid . 1 . . !fn !ft !fm .;call !sys;if !dos then do;_=lastpos('\',!fn);!fm=left(!fn,_);!fn=substr(!fn,_+1);parse var !fn !fn '.' !ft;end;return word(0 !fn !ft !fm,1+('0'arg(1))) !rex:parse upper version !ver !vernum !verdate .;!brexx='BY'==!vernum;!kexx='KEXX'==!ver;!pcrexx='REXX/PERSONAL'==!ver|'REXX/PC'==!ver;!r4='REXX-R4'==!ver;!regina='REXX-REGINA'==left(!ver,11);!roo='REXX-ROO'==!ver;call !env;return !sys:!cms=!sys=='CMS';!os2=!sys=='OS2';!tso=!sys=='TSO'|!sys=='MVS';!vse=!sys=='VSE';!dos=pos('DOS',!sys)\==0|pos('WIN',!sys)\==0|!sys=='CMD';call !rex;return !var:call !fid;if !kexx then return space(dosenv(arg(1)));return space(value(arg(1),,!env))</lang>
Ring
<lang ring>
- Project : Terminal control/Coloured text
load "consolecolors.ring"
forecolors = [CC_FG_BLACK,CC_FG_RED,CC_FG_GREEN,CC_FG_YELLOW,
CC_FG_BLUE,CC_FG_MAGENTA,CC_FG_CYAN,CC_FG_GRAY,CC_BG_WHITE]
for n = 1 to len(forecolors)
forecolor = forecolors[n]
cc_print(forecolor | CC_BG_WHITE, "Rosetta Code" + nl)
next </lang> Output image:
https://www.dropbox.com/s/d313jguinhr6jyl/Colors.jpg?dl=0
Ruby
<lang Ruby>#!/usr/bin/ruby -w require 'rubygems' require 'colored'
print 'Colors are'.bold print ' black'.black print ' blue'.blue print ' cyan'.cyan print ' green'.green print ' magenta'.magenta print ' red'.red print ' white '.white print 'and'.underline, ' yellow'.yellow, "\n" puts 'black on blue'.black_on_blue puts 'black on cyan'.black_on_cyan puts 'black on green'.black_on_green puts 'black on magenta'.black_on_magenta puts 'black on red'.black_on_red puts 'white on black'.white_on_black puts 'white on blue'.white_on_blue puts 'white on cyan'.white_on_cyan puts 'white on green'.white_on_green puts 'white on magenta'.white_on_magenta puts 'white on red'.white_on_red</lang>
Scala
Scala idiom (Functional Programming)
<lang scala>object ColouredText extends App {
val ESC = "\u001B"
val (normal, bold, blink, black, white) =
(ESC + "[0", ESC + "[1"
, ESC + "[5" // not working on my machine
, ESC + "[0;40m" // black background
, ESC + "[0;37m" // normal white foreground
)
print(s"${ESC}c") // clear terminal first
print(black) // set background color to black
def foreColors = Map(
";31m" -> "red",
";32m" -> "green",
";33m" -> "yellow",
";34m" -> "blue",
";35m" -> "magenta",
";36m" -> "cyan",
";37m" -> "white")
Seq(normal, bold, blink).flatMap(attr => foreColors.map(color => (attr, color)))
.foreach { case (attr, (seq, text)) => println(s"$attr${seq}${text}") }
println(white) // set foreground color to normal white
} </lang>
Sidef
<lang ruby>var a = frequire('Term::ANSIColor');
say a.colored('RED ON WHITE', 'bold red on_white'); say a.colored('GREEN', 'bold green'); say a.colored('BLUE ON YELLOW', 'bold blue on_yellow'); say a.colored('MAGENTA', 'bold magenta'); say a.colored('CYAN ON RED', 'bold cyan on_red'); say a.colored('YELLOW', 'bold yellow');</lang>
Tcl
This only works on Unix terminals as it delegates to the system tput command. <lang tcl># Utility interfaces to the low-level command proc capability cap {expr {![catch {exec tput -S << $cap}]}} proc colorterm {} {expr {[capability setaf] && [capability setab]}} proc tput args {exec tput -S << $args >/dev/tty} array set color {black 0 red 1 green 2 yellow 3 blue 4 magenta 5 cyan 6 white 7} proc foreground x {exec tput -S << "setaf $::color($x)" > /dev/tty} proc background x {exec tput -S << "setab $::color($x)" > /dev/tty} proc reset {} {exec tput sgr0 > /dev/tty}
- Demonstration of use
if {[colorterm]} {
foreground blue background yellow puts "Color output" reset
} else {
puts "Monochrome only"
}
if {[capability blink]} {
tput blink puts "Blinking output" reset
} else {
puts "Steady only"
}</lang>
TPP
<lang tpp>--color red This is red --color green This is green --color blue This is blue --color cyan This is cyan --color magenta This is magenta --color yellow This is yellow</lang>
UNIX Shell
<lang sh>#!/bin/sh
- Check if the terminal supports colour
- We should know from the TERM evironment variable whether the system
- is comfigured for a colour terminal or not, but we can also check the
- tput utility to check the terminal capability records.
COLORS=8 # Assume initially that the system supports eight colours case $TERM in
linux) ;; # We know this is a colour terminal rxvt) ;; # We know this is a colour terminal *) COLORS=`tput colors 2> /dev/null` # Get the number of colours from the termcap file
esac if [ -z $COLORS ] ; then
COLORS=1 # Watch out for an empty returned value
fi
if [ $COLORS -le 2 ] ; then
# The terminal is not colour echo "HW65000 This application requires a colour terminal" >&2 exit 252 #ERLHW incompatible hardware
fi
- We know at this point that the terminal is colour
- Coloured text
tput setaf 1 #red echo "Red" tput setaf 4 #blue echo "Blue" tput setaf 3 # yellow echo "Yellow"
- Blinking
tput setab 1 # red background tput setaf 3 # yellow foreground
- tput blink # enable blinking (but does not work on some terminals)
echo "Flashing text"
tput sgr0 # reset everything before exiting</lang>
XPL0
Device 6 is similar to the standard console output device 0, but it supports color. When light colors are used for background (in a text rather than graphic display mode) they are displayed as standard (dim) colors and the foreground color flashes. A BIOS call (int 10h, func 10h, sub 03h) can be used to disable flashing and enable bright backgrounds.
It's possible to detect monochrome displays with a BIOS call, but monochrome is so ancient it's not worth demonstrating. Actually the older 16-bit versions of the language made it easy to detect monochrome using the Equip(ment) intrinsic, but the newer 32-bit version doesn't provide the Equip intrinsic.
Of course these features are provided by the hardware of IBM-compatible PCs and by simulators, such as DOSBox, on other computers.
<lang XPL0>code ChOut=8, Attrib=69; def Black, Blue, Green, Cyan, Red, Magenta, Brown, White, \attribute colors
Gray, LBlue, LGreen, LCyan, LRed, LMagenta, Yellow, BWhite; \EGA palette
[ChOut(6,^C); \default white on black background Attrib(Red<<4+White); \white on red ChOut(6,^o); Attrib(Green<<4+Red); \red on green ChOut(6,^l); Attrib(Blue<<4+LGreen); \light green on blue ChOut(6,^o); Attrib(LRed<<4+White); \flashing white on (standard/dim) red ChOut(6,^u); Attrib(Cyan<<4+Black); \black on cyan ChOut(6,^r); ]</lang>
zkl
Terminal window on Linux, prints tables of colored glyphs. <lang zkl>fcn table(title,mode){
println("\n\e[1m%s\e[m\n bg\t fg".fmt(title));
foreach b in ([40..48].chain([100..107])){
print("%3d\t\e[%s%dm".fmt(b,mode,b));
foreach f in ([30..38].chain([90..97])){ print("\e[%dm%3d ".fmt(f,f)) }
println("\e[m");
}
}
table("normal ( ESC[22m or ESC[m )", "22;"); table("bold ( ESC[1m )", "1;"); table("faint ( ESC[2m ), not well supported", "2;"); table("italic ( ESC[3m ), not well supported", "3;"); table("underline ( ESC[4m ), support varies", "4;"); table("blink ( ESC[5m )", "5;"); table("inverted ( ESC[7m )", "7;");</lang>
ZX Spectrum Basic
The ZX Spectrum will always output colour. However if the television is black and white, these will show as various levels of luminence corresponding to the numerical colour value. <lang zxbasic>10 FOR l=0 TO 7 20 READ c$: REM get our text for display 30 INK l: REM set the text colour 40 PRINT c$ 50 NEXT l 60 PAPER 2: REM red background 70 INK 6: REM yellow forground 80 FLASH 1: REM activate flashing 90 PRINT "Flashing!": REM this will flash red and yellow (alternating inverse) 100 PAPER 7: INK 0: FLASH 0: REM normalize colours before exit 110 STOP
900 DATA "Black","Blue","Red","Magenta","Green","Cyan","Yellow","White"</lang>
- Programming Tasks
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