Stem-and-leaf plot
You are encouraged to solve this task according to the task description, using any language you may know.
Create a well-formatted stem-and-leaf plot from the following data set, where the leaves are the last digits:
110 436 124 109 440 330 53 352 315 452 54 49 334 102 432 123 442 125 97 104 11 446 123 360 324 427 451 329 139 42 324 320 450 100 87 414 305 21 375 324 360 123 33 378 37 66 41 321 68 356 407 448 5 128 81 361 419 134 147 146
The primary intent of this task is the presentation of information. It is acceptable to hardcode the data set or characteristics of it (such as what the stems are) in the example, insofar as it is impractical to make the example generic to any data set. For example, in a computation-less language like HTML the data set may be entirely prearranged within the example; the interesting characteristics are how the proper visual formatting is arranged.
If possible, the output should not be a bitmap image. Monospaced plain text is acceptable, but do better if you can. It may be a window, i.e. not a file.
Note: If you wish to try multiple data sets, you might try this generator.
Haskell
<lang haskell>import Data.List import Control.Arrow import Control.Monad
nls :: [Int] nls = [110, 436, 124, 109, 440, 330, 53, 352, 315, 452,
54, 49, 334, 102, 432, 123, 442, 125, 97, 104, 11, 446, 123, 360, 324, 427, 451, 329, 139, 42, 324, 320, 450, 100, 87, 414, 305, 21, 375, 324, 360, 123, 33, 378, 37, 66, 41, 321, 68, 356, 407, 448, 5, 128, 81, 361, 419, 134, 147, 146]
groupWith f = takeWhile(not.null). unfoldr(Just. (partition =<< (. f). (==). f. head)) justifyR = foldl ((. return) . (++) . tail) . flip replicate ' '
task ds = mapM_ (putStrLn. showStemLeaves justifyR fb. (head *** sort.concat). unzip)
$ groupWith fst $ stems ++ map (second return) stemLeaf where stemLeaf = map (`quotRem` 10) ds
stems = map (flip(,)[]) $ uncurry enumFromTo $ minimum &&& maximum $ fst $ unzip stemLeaf showStemLeaves f w (a,b) = f w (show a) ++ " |" ++ concatMap (f w. show) b fb = length $ show $ maximum $ map abs ds</lang> Output:
*Main> task nls 0 | 5 1 | 1 2 | 1 3 | 3 7 4 | 1 2 9 5 | 3 4 6 | 6 8 7 | 8 | 1 7 .... 37 | 5 8 38 | 39 | 40 | 7 41 | 4 9 42 | 7 43 | 2 6 44 | 0 2 6 8 45 | 0 1 2
J
Solution: (Tacit) <lang j>stem =: <.@(%&10) leaf =: 10&| stemleaf =: (stem@{. ; leaf)/.~ stem expandStems =: <./ ([ + i.@>:@-~) >./ expandLeaves=: (expandStems e. ])@[ #inv ]
showStemLeaf=: (":@,.@expandStems@[ ; ":&>@expandLeaves)&>/@(>@{. ; <@{:)@|:@stemleaf@/:~</lang>
Solution: (Explicit) <lang j>stemleafX=: monad define
leaves=. 10 | y stems=. y <.@:% 10 leaves=. stems </. leaves NB. group leaves by stem (<"0 ~.stems),.leaves
)
showStemLeafX=: monad define
'stems leaves'=. (>@{. ; <@{:)@|: stemleafX /:~ y
xstems=. (<./ ([ + i.@>:@-~ ) >./) stems NB. stems including those with no leaves
xleaves=. (xstems e. stems) #inv leaves NB. expand leaves to match xstems
(": ,.xstems) ; ":&> xleaves
)</lang>
Example: <lang j> nls =: ; <@(_&".);._2 noun define 110 436 124 109 440 330 53 352 315 452 54 49 334 102 432 123 442 125 97 104 11 446 123 360 324 427 451 329 139 42 324 320 450 100 87 414 305 21 375 324 360 123 33 378 37 66 41 321 68 356 407 448 5 128 81 361 419 134 147 146 )
stemleaf nls NB. display has been abbreviated
┌──┬───────────┐ │11│0 │ ├──┼───────────┤ │43│6 2 │ ├──┼───────────┤ │12│4 3 5 3 3 8│ ├──┼───────────┤ ...
showStemLeaf nls NB. display has been abbreviated
┌──┬───────────┐ │ 0│5 │ │ 1│1 │ │ 2│1 │ │ 3│3 7 │ │ 4│1 2 9 │ ... │42│7 │ │43│2 6 │ │44│0 2 6 8 │ │45│0 1 2 │ └──┴───────────┘
(showStemLeaf -: showStemLeafX) nls NB. both solutions give same result
1</lang>
Perl generating LaTeX
<lang perl>#!/usr/bin/perl -w
my @data = sort {$a <=> $b} qw(110 436 124 109 440 330 53 352 315 452 54 49 334 102 432 123 442 125 97 104 11 446 123 360 324 427 451 329 139 42 324 320 450 100 87 414 305 21 375 324 360 123 33 378 37 66 41 321 68 356 407 448 5 128 81 361 419 134 147 146);
- FIXME: This should count the maximum number of leaves in any one stem;
- instead it takes the total number of data items, which is usually
- a massive overestimate.
my $columns = @data;
print <<"EOT"; \\documentclass{report} \\usepackage{fullpage} \\begin{document}
\\begin{tabular}{ r | *{$columns}{c} }
EOT
my $laststem = undef;
for my $value (@data) {
my $stem = int($value / 10);
my $leaf = $value % 10;
while (not defined $laststem or $stem > $laststem) {
if (not defined $laststem) {
$laststem = $stem - 1;
} else {
print " \\\\\n";
}
$laststem++;
print " $laststem";
}
printf " & %3d", $leaf;
}
print <<'EOT';
\end{tabular}
\end{document} EOT</lang>
LaTeX output of the Perl program:
<lang latex>\documentclass{report} \usepackage{fullpage} \begin{document}
\begin{tabular}{ r | *{60}{c} }
0 & 5 \\
1 & 1 \\
2 & 1 \\
3 & 3 & 7 \\
...
44 & 0 & 2 & 6 & 8 \\
45 & 0 & 1 & 2
\end{tabular}
\end{document}</lang>
The parameter to the tabular environment defines the columns of the table. “r” and “c” are right- and center-aligned columns, “|” is a vertical rule, and “*{count}{cols}” repeats a column definition count times.
Python
Adjusting Stem.leafdigits allows you to modify how many digits of a value are used in the leaf, with the stem intervals adjusted accordingly.
<lang python>
from collections import namedtuple
from pprint import pprint as pp
from math import floor
Stem = namedtuple('Stem', 'data, leafdigits')
data0 = Stem((110, 436, 124, 109, 440, 330, 53, 352, 315, 452,
54, 49, 334, 102, 432, 123, 442, 125, 97, 104,
11, 446, 123, 360, 324, 427, 451, 329, 139, 42,
324, 320, 450, 100, 87, 414, 305, 21, 375, 324,
360, 123, 33, 378, 37, 66, 41, 321, 68, 356,
407, 448, 5, 128, 81, 361, 419, 134, 147, 146),
2.0)
def stemplot(stem):
d = []
interval = int(10**int(stem.leafdigits))
for data in sorted(stem.data):
data = int(floor(data))
stm, lf = divmod(data,interval)
d.append( (int(stm), int(lf)) )
stems, leafs = list(zip(*d))
stemwidth = max(len(str(x)) for x in stems)
leafwidth = max(len(str(x)) for x in leafs)
laststem, out = min(stems) - 1, []
for s,l in d:
while laststem < s:
laststem += 1
out.append('\n%*i |' % ( stemwidth, laststem))
out.append(' %0*i' % (leafwidth, l))
out.append('\n\nKey:\n Stem multiplier: %i\n X | Y => %i*X+Y\n'
% (interval, interval))
return .join(out)
if __name__ == '__main__':
print( stemplot(data0) ) print( stemplot(Stem(data0.data, 1.0)) )</lang>
Sample Output
>>> 0 | 05 11 21 33 37 41 42 49 53 54 66 68 81 87 97 1 | 00 02 04 09 10 23 23 23 24 25 28 34 39 46 47 2 | 3 | 05 15 20 21 24 24 24 29 30 34 52 56 60 60 61 75 78 4 | 07 14 19 27 32 36 40 42 46 48 50 51 52 Key: Stem multiplier: 100 X | Y => 100*X+Y 0 | 5 1 | 1 2 | 1 3 | 3 7 4 | 1 2 9 5 | 3 4 6 | 6 8 7 | 8 | 1 7 9 | 7 10 | 0 2 4 9 11 | 0 12 | 3 3 3 4 5 8 13 | 4 9 14 | 6 7 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 5 31 | 5 32 | 0 1 4 4 4 9 33 | 0 4 34 | 35 | 2 6 36 | 0 0 1 37 | 5 8 38 | 39 | 40 | 7 41 | 4 9 42 | 7 43 | 2 6 44 | 0 2 6 8 45 | 0 1 2 Key: Stem multiplier: 10 X | Y => 10*X+Y >>>
Ruby
I added a few negative values to the data to demonstrate the "negative zero" stem. That is to say, the reason the bulky Stem class exists is to differentiate "0" and "-0". <lang ruby>class StemLeafPlot
def initialize(data, options = {})
opts = {:leaf_digits => 1}.merge(options)
@leaf_digits = opts[:leaf_digits]
@multiplier = 10 ** @leaf_digits
@plot = generate_structure(data)
end
private
def generate_structure(data)
plot = Hash.new {|h,k| h[k] = []}
data.sort.each do |value|
stem, leaf = parse(value)
plot[stem] << leaf
end
plot
end
def parse(value) stem, leaf = value.abs.divmod(@multiplier) [Stem.get(stem, value), leaf.round] end
public
def print
stem_width = Math.log10(@plot.keys.max_by {|s| s.value}.value).ceil + 1
Stem.get_range(@plot.keys).each do |stem|
leaves = @plot[stem].inject("") {|str,leaf| str << "%*d " % [@leaf_digits, leaf]}
puts "%*s | %s" % [stem_width, stem, leaves]
end
puts "key: 5|4=#{5 * @multiplier + 4}"
puts "leaf unit: 1"
puts "stem unit: #@multiplier"
end
end
class Stem
@@cache = {}
def self.get(stem_value, datum) sign = datum < 0 ? :- : :+ cache(stem_value, sign) end private def self.cache(value, sign) if @@cachevalue, sign.nil? @@cachevalue, sign = self.new(value, sign) end @@cachevalue, sign end
def initialize(value, sign) @value = value @sign = sign end public attr_accessor :value, :sign def negative? @sign == :- end
def <=>(other)
if self.negative?
if other.negative?
other.value <=> self.value
else
-1
end
else
if other.negative?
1
else
self.value <=> other.value
end
end
end
def to_s
"%s%d" % [(self.negative? ? '-' : ' '), @value]
end
def self.get_range(array_of_stems)
min, max = array_of_stems.minmax
if min.negative?
if max.negative?
min.value.downto(max.value).collect {|n| cache(n, :-)}
else
min.value.downto(0).collect {|n| cache(n, :-)} + 0.upto(max.value).collect {|n| cache(n, :+)}
end
else
min.value.upto(max.value).collect {|n| cache(n, :+)}
end
end
end
data = DATA.read.split.map {|s| Float(s)} StemLeafPlot.new(data, :leaf_digits => 2).print puts StemLeafPlot.new(data).print
__END__
0 -3 -45 -167 110 436 124 109 440 330 53 352 315 452 54 49 334 102 432 123 442 125 97 104 11 446 123 360 324 427 451 329 139 42 324 320 450 100 87 414 305 21 375 324 360 123 33 378 37 66 41 321 68 356 407 448 5 128 81 361 419 134 147 146</lang>
outputs
-1 | 67 -0 | 45 3 0 | 0 5 11 21 33 37 41 42 49 53 54 66 68 81 87 97 1 | 0 2 4 9 10 23 23 23 24 25 28 34 39 46 47 2 | 3 | 5 15 20 21 24 24 24 29 30 34 52 56 60 60 61 75 78 4 | 7 14 19 27 32 36 40 42 46 48 50 51 52 key: 5|4=504 leaf unit: 1 stem unit: 100 -16 | 7 -15 | -14 | -13 | -12 | -11 | -10 | -9 | -8 | -7 | -6 | -5 | -4 | 5 -3 | -2 | -1 | -0 | 3 0 | 0 5 1 | 1 2 | 1 3 | 3 7 4 | 1 2 9 5 | 3 4 6 | 6 8 7 | 8 | 1 7 9 | 7 10 | 0 2 4 9 11 | 0 12 | 3 3 3 4 5 8 13 | 4 9 14 | 6 7 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 5 31 | 5 32 | 0 1 4 4 4 9 33 | 0 4 34 | 35 | 2 6 36 | 0 0 1 37 | 5 8 38 | 39 | 40 | 7 41 | 4 9 42 | 7 43 | 2 6 44 | 0 2 6 8 45 | 0 1 2 key: 5|4=54 leaf unit: 1 stem unit: 10
Scala
<lang scala>def stemAndLeaf(numbers: List[Int]) = {
val lineFormat = "%" + (numbers map (_.toString.length) max) + "d | %s"
val map = numbers groupBy (_ / 10)
for (stem <- numbers.min / 10 to numbers.max / 10) {
println(lineFormat format (stem, map.getOrElse(stem, Nil) map (_ % 10) sortBy identity mkString " "))
}
}</lang>
Example:
scala> val list = """110 436 124 109 440 330 53 352 315 452 54 49 334 102 432 123 442 125 97 104 11 446 123 360 324 427 451 329 139 42 324 320 450 100 87 414 305 21 375 324 360 123 33 378 37 66 41 321 68 356 407 448 5 128 81 361 419 134 147 146""" split "\\s+" map (_.toInt) toList list: List[Int] = List(110, 436, 124, 109, 440, 330, 53, 352, 315, 452, 54, 49, 334, 102, 432, 123, 442, 125, 97, 104, 1 1, 446, 123, 360, 324, 427, 451, 329, 139, 42, 324, 320, 450, 100, 87, 414, 305, 21, 375, 324, 360, 123, 33, 378, 37, 66 , 41, 321, 68, 356, 407, 448, 5, 128, 81, 361, 419, 134, 147, 146) scala> stemAndLeaf(list) 0 | 5 1 | 1 2 | 1 3 | 3 7 4 | 1 2 9 5 | 3 4 6 | 6 8 7 | 8 | 1 7 9 | 7 10 | 0 2 4 9 11 | 0 12 | 3 3 3 4 5 8 13 | 4 9 14 | 6 7 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 5 31 | 5 32 | 0 1 4 4 4 9 33 | 0 4 34 | 35 | 2 6 36 | 0 0 1 37 | 5 8 38 | 39 | 40 | 7 41 | 4 9 42 | 7 43 | 2 6 44 | 0 2 6 8 45 | 0 1 2
Tcl
<lang tcl>package require Tcl 8.5
- How to process a single value, adding it to the table mapping stems to
- leaves.
proc addSLValue {tblName value {splitFactor 10}} {
upvar 1 $tblName tbl
# Extract the stem and leaf
if {$value < 0} {
set value [expr {round(-$value)}] set stem -[expr {$value / $splitFactor}]
} else {
set value [expr {round($value)}] set stem [expr {$value / $splitFactor}]
}
if {![info exist tbl]} {
dict set tbl min $stem
}
dict set tbl max $stem
set leaf [expr {$value % $splitFactor}]
dict lappend tbl $stem $leaf
}
- How to do the actual output of the stem-and-leaf table, given that we have
- already done the splitting into stems and leaves.
proc printSLTable {tblName} {
upvar 1 $tblName tbl
# Get the range of stems
set min [dict get $tbl min]
set max [dict get $tbl max]
# Work out how much width the stems take so everything lines up
set l [expr {max([string length $min], [string length $max])}]
# Print out the table
for {set i $min} {$i <= $max} {incr i} {
if {![dict exist $tbl $i]} { puts [format " %*d |" $l $i] } else { puts [format " %*d | %s" $l $i [dict get $tbl $i]] }
}
}
- Assemble the parts into a full stem-and-leaf table printer.
proc printStemLeaf {dataList {splitFactor 10}} {
foreach value [lsort -real $dataList] {
addSLValue tbl $value $splitFactor
} printSLTable tbl
}
- Demo code
set data {
110 436 124 109 440 330 53 352 315 452 54 49 334 102 432 123 442 125 97 104 11 446 123 360 324 427 451 329 139 42 324 320 450 100 87 414 305 21 375 324 360 123 33 378 37 66 41 321 68 356 407 448 5 128 81 361 419 134 147 146
} printStemLeaf $data</lang> Output:
0 | 5 1 | 1 2 | 1 3 | 3 7 4 | 1 2 9 5 | 3 4 6 | 6 8 7 | 8 | 1 7 9 | 7 10 | 0 2 4 9 11 | 0 12 | 3 3 3 4 5 8 13 | 4 9 14 | 6 7 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 5 31 | 5 32 | 0 1 4 4 4 9 33 | 0 4 34 | 35 | 2 6 36 | 0 0 1 37 | 5 8 38 | 39 | 40 | 7 41 | 4 9 42 | 7 43 | 2 6 44 | 0 2 6 8 45 | 0 1 2