Pseudo-random numbers/Middle-square method
You are encouraged to solve this task according to the task description, using any language you may know.
- Middle-square_method Generator
- The Method
To generate a sequence of n-digit pseudorandom numbers, an n-digit starting value is created and squared, producing a 2n-digit number. If the result has fewer than 2n digits, leading zeroes are added to compensate. The middle n digits of the result would be the next number in the sequence and returned as the result. This process is then repeated to generate more numbers.
- Pseudo code
var seed = 675248 function random() var s = str(seed * seed) 'str: turn a number into string do while not len(s) = 12 s = "0" + s 'add zeroes before the string end do seed = val(mid(s, 4, 6)) 'mid: string variable, start, length 'val: turn a string into number return seed end function
- Middle-square method use
for i = 1 to 5 print random() end for
- Task
- Generate a class/set of functions that generates pseudo-random
numbers (6 digits) as shown above.
- Show the first five integers generated with the seed 675248 as shown above.
- Show your output here, on this page.
ALGOL 68
Uses (long) integers. <lang algol68>BEGIN # generate random numbers by the middle-square method #
INT seed := 675248; # returns the next middle-square random number # PROC ms random = INT: seed := SHORTEN( ( ( LONG INT( seed ) * LONG INT( seed ) ) OVER 1000 ) MOD 1 000 000 ); # test the ms random procedure # FOR i TO 5 DO print( ( " ", whole( ms random, 0 ) ) ) OD
END</lang>
- Output:
959861 333139 981593 524817 432883
AppleScript
<lang applescript>on newGenerator(n, seed)
script generator property seed : missing value property p1 : 10 ^ (n div 2) property p2 : 10 ^ n on getRandom() set seed to seed * seed div p1 mod p2 return seed div 1 end getRandom end script set generator's seed to seed mod (10 ^ n) return generator
end newGenerator
local generator, output set generator to newGenerator(6, 675248) set output to {} repeat 5 times
set end of output to generator's getRandom()
end repeat return output</lang>
- Output:
<lang applescript>{959861, 333139, 981593, 524817, 432883}</lang>
C++
<lang cpp>#include <exception>
- include <iostream>
using ulong = unsigned long;
class MiddleSquare { private:
ulong state; ulong div, mod;
public:
MiddleSquare() = delete; MiddleSquare(ulong start, ulong length) { if (length % 2) throw std::invalid_argument("length must be even"); div = mod = 1; for (ulong i=0; i<length/2; i++) div *= 10; for (ulong i=0; i<length; i++) mod *= 10; state = start % mod; } ulong next() { return state = state * state / div % mod; }
};
int main() {
MiddleSquare msq(675248, 6); for (int i=0; i<5; i++) std::cout << msq.next() << std::endl; return 0;
}</lang>
- Output:
959861 333139 981593 524817 432883
CLU
<lang clu>middle_square = cluster is seed, next
rep = null own state: int seed = proc (s: int) state := s end seed next = proc () returns (int) state := (state ** 2) / 1000 // 1000000 return(state) end next
end middle_square
start_up = proc ()
po: stream := stream$primary_output() middle_square$seed(675248) for i: int in int$from_to(1, 5) do stream$putl(po, int$unparse(middle_square$next())) end
end start_up</lang>
- Output:
959861 333139 981593 524817 432883
COBOL
<lang cobol> IDENTIFICATION DIVISION.
PROGRAM-ID. MIDDLE-SQUARE. DATA DIVISION. WORKING-STORAGE SECTION. 01 STATE. 03 SEED PIC 9(6) VALUE 675248. 03 SQUARE PIC 9(12). 03 FILLER REDEFINES SQUARE. 05 FILLER PIC 9(3). 05 NEXT-SEED PIC 9(6). 05 FILLER PIC 9(3). PROCEDURE DIVISION. BEGIN. PERFORM SHOW-NUM 5 TIMES. STOP RUN. SHOW-NUM. PERFORM MAKE-RANDOM. DISPLAY SEED. MAKE-RANDOM. MULTIPLY SEED BY SEED GIVING SQUARE. MOVE NEXT-SEED TO SEED.</lang>
- Output:
959861 333139 981593 524817 432883
Factor
<lang factor>USING: kernel math namespaces prettyprint ;
SYMBOL: seed 675248 seed set-global
- rand ( -- n ) seed get sq 1000 /i 1000000 mod dup seed set ;
5 [ rand . ] times</lang>
- Output:
959861 333139 981593 524817 432883
FreeBASIC
<lang freebasic>Dim Shared seed As Integer = 675248 Dim i As Integer Declare Function Rand As Integer For i = 1 To 5 Print Rand Next i Sleep
Function Rand As Integer Dim s As String s = Str(seed ^ 2) Do While Len(s) <> 12 s = "0" + s Loop seed = Val(Mid(s, 4, 6)) Rand = seed End Function </lang>
J
<lang j>(_6{._3}.])&.:(10&#.^:_1)@(*~) ^: (>:i.6) 675248</lang>
- Output:
959861 333139 981593 524817 432883 387691
jq
Works with gojq, the Go implementation of jq
The proposed PRNG hardly deserves the name and so this entry avoids it. <lang jq># Input: a positive integer
- Output: the "middle-square"
def middle_square:
(tostring|length) as $len | (. * .) | tostring | (3*length/4|ceil) as $n | .[ -$n : $len-$n] | if length == 0 then 0 else tonumber end;
- Input: a positive integer
- Output: middle_square, applied recursively
def middle_squares:
middle_square | ., middle_squares;
limit(5; 675248 | middle_squares)</lang>
- Output:
As expected.
Julia
<lang julia>const seed = [675248]
function random()
s = string(seed[] * seed[], pad=12) # turn a number into string, pad to 12 digits seed[] = parse(Int, s[begin+3:end-3]) # take middle of number string, parse to Int return seed[]
end
- Middle-square method use
for i = 1:5
println(random())
end
</lang>
- Output:
959861 333139 981593 524817 432883
Perl
<lang perl>#!/usr/bin/perl
use strict; # https://rosettacode.org/wiki/Pseudo-random_numbers/Middle-square_method use warnings;
sub msq
{ use feature qw( state ); state $seed = 675248; $seed = sprintf "%06d", $seed ** 2 / 1000 % 1e6; }
print msq, "\n" for 1 .. 5;</lang>
- Output:
959861 333139 981593 524817 432883
Phix
You don't actually have to use strings, but should you so desire the commented-out line gives exactly the same results. Output matches Python.
with javascript_semantics integer seed = 675248 function random() seed = remainder(floor(seed*seed/1000),1e6) -- seed = to_integer(sprintf("%012d",seed*seed)[4..9]) return seed end function for i=1 to 5 do ?random() end for
Python
<lang python>seed = 675248 def random():
global seed s = str(seed ** 2) while len(s) != 12: s = "0" + s seed = int(s[3:9]) return seed
for i in range(0,5):
print(random())
</lang>
- Output:
959861 333139 981593 524817 432883
Raku
<lang perl6>sub msq {
state $seed = 675248; $seed = $seed² div 1000 mod 1000000;
}
say msq() xx 5;</lang>
- Output:
(959861 333139 981593 524817 432883)
Red
<lang rebol>Red[] seed: 675248 rand: does [seed: to-integer (seed * 1.0 * seed / 1000) % 1000000] ; multiply by 1.0 to avoid integer overflow (32-bit) loop 5 [print rand]</lang>
- Output:
959861 333139 981593 524817 432883
Wren
<lang ecmascript>var random = Fn.new { |seed| ((seed * seed)/1e3).floor % 1e6 }
var seed = 675248 for (i in 1..5) System.print(seed = random.call(seed))</lang>
- Output:
959861 333139 981593 524817 432883
XPL0
<lang XPL0>real Seed; func Random; [Seed:= Floor(Mod(Seed*Seed/1e3, 1e6)); return fix(Seed); ];
int N; [Seed:= 675248.; for N:= 1 to 5 do
[IntOut(0, Random); ChOut(0, ^ )];
]</lang>
- Output:
959861 333139 981593 524817 432883