Polynomial derivative
Given a polynomial, represented by an ordered list of its coefficients by increasing degree (e.g. [-1, 6, 5] represents 5x2+6x-1), calculate the polynomial representing the derivative. For example, the derivative of the aforementioned polynomial is 10x+6, represented by [6, 10]. Test cases: 5, -3x+4, 5x2+6x-1, x3-2x2+3x-4, -x4-x3+x+1
Factor
<lang factor>USING: generalizations kernel math.polynomials prettyprint ;
{ 5 } { 4 -3 } { -1 6 5 } { -4 3 -2 1 } { 1 1 0 -1 -1 }
[ pdiff ] 5 napply .s clear</lang>
- Output:
{ }
{ -3 }
{ 6 10 }
{ 3 -4 3 }
{ 1 0 -3 -4 }
The implementation of pdiff:
<lang factor>USING: kernel math.vectors sequences ; IN: math.polynomials
- pdiff ( p -- p' ) dup length <iota> v* rest ;</lang>
FreeBASIC
<lang freebasic>sub polydiff( p() as integer )
'differentiates the polynomial
'p(0) + p(1)x + p(2)x^2 +... + p(n)x^n
'in place
dim as integer i, n = ubound(p)
if n=0 then
p(0)=0
return
end if
for i = 0 to n - 1
p(i) = (i+1)*p(i+1)
next i
redim preserve p(0 to n-1)
return
end sub
sub print_poly( p() as integer )
'quick and dirty display of the poly
if ubound(p)=0 and p(0)=0 then
print 0
return
end if
for i as integer = 0 to ubound(p)
if i = 0 then print p(i);" ";
if i = 1 and p(i)>0 then print using "+ #x";p(i);
if i = 1 and p(i)<0 then print using "- #x";-p(i);
if i > 1 and p(i)>0 then print using "+ #x^#";p(i);i;
if i > 1 and p(i)<0 then print using "- #x^#";-p(i);i;
next i
print
end sub
'test cases redim as integer p(0) p(0) = 5 print_poly(p()) print "Differentiates to " polydiff(p()) print_poly(p()): print
redim as integer p(1) p(0) = 4 : p(1) = -3 print_poly(p()) print "Differentiates to " polydiff(p()) print_poly(p()): print
redim as integer p(2) p(0) = -1 : p(1) = 6 : p(2) = 5 print_poly(p()) print "Differentiates to " polydiff(p()) print_poly(p()): print
redim as integer p(3) p(0) = 4 : p(1) = 3 : p(2) = -2 : p(3) = 1 print_poly(p()) print "Differentiates to " polydiff(p()) print_poly(p()): print
redim as integer p(4) p(0) = 1 : p(1) = 1 : p(2) = 0 : p(3) = -1 : p(4) = -1 print_poly(p()) print "Differentiates to " polydiff(p()) print_poly(p()): print</lang>
- Output:
5 Differentiates to 0
4 - 3x Differentiates to -3
-1 + 6x+ 5x^2 Differentiates to 6 + %10x
4 + 3x- 2x^2+ 1x^3 Differentiates to 3 - 4x+ 3x^2
1 + 1x- 1x^3- 1x^4 Differentiates to
1 - 3x^2- 4x^3
Julia
<lang julia>using Polynomials
testcases = [
("5", [5]),
("-3x+4", [4, -3]),
("5x2+6x-1", [-1, 6, 5]),
("x3-2x2+3x-4", [-4, 3, -2, 1]),
("-x4-x3+x+1", [1, 1, 0, -1, -1]),
]
for (s, coef) in testcases
println("Derivative of $s: ", derivative(Polynomial(coef)))
end
</lang>
- Output:
Derivative of 5: 0 Derivative of -3x+4: -3 Derivative of 5x2+6x-1: 6 + 10*x Derivative of x3-2x2+3x-4: 3 - 4*x + 3*x^2 Derivative of -x4-x3+x+1: 1 - 3*x^2 - 4*x^3
Raku
<lang perl6>use Lingua::EN::Numbers:ver<2.8+>;
sub pretty (@poly) {
join( '+', (^@poly).reverse.map: { @poly[$_] ~ "x{.&super}" } )\
.subst(/['+'|'-']'0x'<[⁰¹²³⁴⁵⁶⁷⁸⁹]>*/, , :g).subst(/'x¹'<?before <-[⁰¹²³⁴⁵⁶⁷⁸⁹]>>/, 'x')\
.subst(/'x⁰'$/, ).subst(/'+-'/, '-', :g).subst(/(['+'|'-'|^])'1x'/, {"$0x"}, :g) || 0
}
for [5], [4,-3], [-1,3,-2,1], [-1,6,5], [1,1,0,-1,-1] -> $test {
say "Polynomial: " ~ "[{$test.join: ','}] ➡ " ~ pretty $test;
my @poly = |$test;
(^@poly).map: { @poly[$_] *= $_ };
shift @poly;
say "Derivative: " ~ "[{@poly.join: ','}] ➡ " ~ pretty @poly;
say ;
}</lang>
- Output:
Polynomial: [5] ➡ 5 Derivative: [] ➡ 0 Polynomial: [4,-3] ➡ -3x+4 Derivative: [-3] ➡ -3 Polynomial: [-1,3,-2,1] ➡ x³-2x²+3x-1 Derivative: [3,-4,3] ➡ 3x²-4x+3 Polynomial: [-1,6,5] ➡ 5x²+6x-1 Derivative: [6,10] ➡ 10x+6 Polynomial: [1,1,0,-1,-1] ➡ -x⁴-x³+x+1 Derivative: [1,0,-3,-4] ➡ -4x³-3x²+1
Wren
<lang ecmascript>var derivative = Fn.new { |p|
if (p.count == 1) return [0] var d = p[1..-1].toList for (i in 0...d.count) d[i] = p[i+1] * (i + 1) return d
}
var ss = ["", "", "\u00b2", "\u00b3", "\u2074", "\u2075", "\u2076", "\u2077", "\u2078", "\u2079"]
// for n <= 20 var superscript = Fn.new { |n| (n < 10) ? ss[n] : (n < 20) ? ss[1] + ss[n - 10] : ss[2] + ss[0] }
var polyPrint = Fn.new { |p|
if (p.count == 1) return p[0].toString
var terms = []
for (i in 0...p.count) {
if (p[i] == 0) continue
var c = p[i].toString
if (i > 0 && p[i].abs == 1) c = (p[i] == 1) ? "" : "-"
var x = (i > 0) ? "x" : ""
terms.add("%(c)%(x)%(superscript.call(i))")
}
return terms[-1..0].join("+").replace("+-", "-")
}
System.print("The derivatives of the following polynomials are:\n") var polys = [ [5], [4, -3], [-1, 6, 5], [-4, 3, -2, 1], [1, 1, 0, -1, -1] ] for (poly in polys) {
var deriv = derivative.call(poly)
System.print("%(poly) -> %(deriv)")
} System.print("\nOr in normal mathematical notation:\n") for (poly in polys) {
var deriv = derivative.call(poly)
System.print("Polynomial : %(polyPrint.call(poly))")
System.print("Derivative : %(polyPrint.call(deriv))\n")
}</lang>
- Output:
The derivatives of the following polynomials are: [5] -> [0] [4, -3] -> [-3] [-1, 6, 5] -> [6, 10] [-4, 3, -2, 1] -> [3, -4, 3] [1, 1, 0, -1, -1] -> [1, 0, -3, -4] Or in normal mathematical notation: Polynomial : 5 Derivative : 0 Polynomial : -3x+4 Derivative : -3 Polynomial : 5x²+6x-1 Derivative : 10x+6 Polynomial : x³-2x²+3x-4 Derivative : 3x²-4x+3 Polynomial : -x⁴-x³+x+1 Derivative : -4x³-3x²+1
XPL0
<lang XPL0>int IntSize, Cases, Case, Len, Deg, Coef; [IntSize:= @Case - @Cases; Cases:=[[ 5],
[ 4, -3],
[-1, 6, 5],
[-4, 3, -2, 1],
[ 1, 1, 0, -1, -1],
[ 0]];
for Case:= 0 to 5-1 do
[Len:= (Cases(Case+1) - Cases(Case)) / IntSize;
for Deg:= 0 to Len-1 do
[Coef:= Cases(Case, Deg);
if Deg = 0 then Text(0, "[")
else [IntOut(0, Coef*Deg);
if Deg < Len-1 then
Text(0, ", ");
];
];
Text(0, "]^M^J");
];
]</lang>
- Output:
[] [-3] [6, 10] [3, -4, 3] [1, 0, -3, -4]