Matrix digital rain
Implement the Matrix Digital Rain visual effect from the movie "The Matrix" as described in Wikipedia.
Provided is a reference implementation in Common Lisp to be run in a terminal.
Batch File
Adding more %RANDOM% will increase the number of columns. <lang dos> @echo off cls color a
- start
echo %RANDOM%%RANDOM%%RANDOM%%RANDOM%%RANDOM%%RANDOM%%RANDOM%%RANDOM%%RANDOM%%RANDOM%%RANDOM%%RANDOM%%RANDOM%%RANDOM%%RANDOM%%RANDOM% goto start </lang>
Common Lisp
Runs in the terminal (using the Ncurses C library and the croatoan Lisp wrapper).
<lang lisp> (defun matrix-digital-rain ()
(with-screen (scr :input-echoing nil :input-blocking nil :cursor-visible nil)
(let* ((width (width scr))
(height (height scr))
;; start at a random height in each column.
(positions (loop repeat width collect (random height)))
;; run each column at a random speed.
(speeds (loop repeat width collect (random 4))))
;; generate a random ascii char
(flet ((randch () (+ 64 (random 58))))
;; hit the q key to exit the main loop.
(bind scr #\q 'exit-event-loop)
(bind scr nil
(lambda (win event)
(loop for col from 0 to (1- width) do
(loop repeat (nth col speeds) do
;; position of the first point in the current column
(let ((pos (nth col positions)))
(setf (attributes win) '(:bold))
(setf (fgcolor win) :green)
(add win (randch) :y (mod pos height) :x col :fgcolor :white)
(add win (randch) :y (mod (- pos 1) height) :x col)
(add win (randch) :y (mod (- pos 2) height) :x col)
(setf (attributes win) '())
(add win (randch) :y (mod (- pos 3) height) :x col)
;; overwrite the last char half the height from the first char.
(add win #\space :y (mod (- pos (floor height 2)) height) :x col)
(refresh win)
;; advance the current column
(setf (nth col positions) (mod (+ pos 1) height))))))))
(setf (frame-rate scr) 20)
(run-event-loop scr))))
</lang>
- Sample output:
https://i.imgur.com/17b36O3.png
Go
This is a translation of the C code here which uses the ncurses library.
Rather than pressing Ctrl+C to stop the program, I've added code so that it stops automatically after 1 minute and restores the terminal to its original state. <lang go>package main
import (
gc "github.com/rthornton128/goncurses" "log" "math/rand" "time"
)
// Time between row updates in microseconds. // Controls the speed of the digital rain effect. const rowDelay = 40000
func main() {
start := time.Now() rand.Seed(time.Now().UnixNano())
// Characters to randomly appear in the rain sequence.
chars := []byte("0123456789")
totalChars := len(chars)
// Set up ncurses screen and colors.
stdscr, err := gc.Init()
if err != nil {
log.Fatal("init", err)
}
defer gc.End()
gc.Echo(false) gc.Cursor(0)
if !gc.HasColors() {
log.Fatal("Program requires a colour capable terminal")
}
if err := gc.StartColor(); err != nil {
log.Fatal(err)
}
if err := gc.InitPair(1, gc.C_GREEN, gc.C_BLACK); err != nil {
log.Fatal("InitPair failed: ", err)
}
stdscr.ColorOn(1)
maxY, maxX := stdscr.MaxYX()
/* Create slices of columns based on screen width. */
// Slice containing the current row of each column. columnsRow := make([]int, maxX)
// Slice containing the active status of each column. // A column draws characters on a row when active. columnsActive := make([]int, maxX)
// Set top row as current row for all columns.
for i := 0; i < maxX; i++ {
columnsRow[i] = -1
columnsActive[i] = 0
}
for {
for i := 0; i < maxX; i++ {
if columnsRow[i] == -1 {
// If a column is at the top row, pick a
// random starting row and active status.
columnsRow[i] = rand.Intn(maxY + 1)
columnsActive[i] = rand.Intn(2)
}
}
// Loop through columns and draw characters on rows.
for i := 0; i < maxX; i++ {
if columnsActive[i] == 1 {
// Draw a random character at this column's current row.
charIndex := rand.Intn(totalChars)
stdscr.MovePrintf(columnsRow[i], i, "%c", chars[charIndex])
} else {
// Draw an empty character if the column is inactive.
stdscr.MovePrintf(columnsRow[i], i, "%c", ' ')
}
columnsRow[i]++
// When a column reaches the bottom row, reset to top.
if columnsRow[i] >= maxY {
columnsRow[i] = -1
}
// Randomly alternate the column's active status.
if rand.Intn(1001) == 0 {
if columnsActive[i] == 0 {
columnsActive[i] = 1
} else {
columnsActive[i] = 0
}
}
}
time.Sleep(rowDelay * time.Microsecond)
stdscr.Refresh()
elapsed := time.Since(start)
// Stop after 1 minute.
if elapsed.Minutes() >= 1 {
break
}
}
}</lang>
Perl
Probably shouldn't, but until someone posts something better... here's something somewhat relevant I wrote back in 2006.
Follow the bouncing Neo!
<lang perl>#!/user/bin/perl
use strict; use warnings; use Tk;
my $delay = 50; # milliseconds my $fade = 8; # number of characters to "fade" my $base_color = '#004000'; # dark green my $fontname = 'Times'; # Whatever my $fontsize = 12; # point size my $font = "{$fontname} $fontsize bold"; my @objects;
my ( $xv, $yv ) = ( 0, 0 );
my $top = MainWindow->new();
$top->geometry('800x600');
my $run = 1;
$top->protocol( 'WM_DELETE_WINDOW' => sub { $run = 0; } );
my @letters = ( 'A' .. 'Z', 'a' .. 'z', '0' .. '9' );
my $canvas = $top->Canvas(
-background => 'black'
)->pack(
-fill => 'both', -expand => 'y'
);
my $testch = $canvas->createText(
100, 100, -text => 'o', -fill => 'black', -font => $font
);
$top->update;
my @coords = $canvas->bbox($testch);
$canvas->delete($testch);
my $lwidth = $coords[2] - $coords[0]; my $lheight = ( $coords[3] - $coords[1] ) * .8; my $cols = int $canvas->width / $lwidth; my $rows = int $canvas->height / $lheight;
for my $y ( 0 .. $rows ) {
for my $x ( 0 .. $cols ) {
$objects[$x][$y] = $canvas->createText(
$x * $lwidth, $y * $lheight,
-text => $letters[ int rand @letters ],
-fill => $base_color,
-font => $font
);
}
}
my $neo_image = $top->Photo( -data => neo() );
my $neo = $canvas->createImage(
$canvas->width / 2, $canvas->height / 2, -image => $neo_image
);
while ($run) {
drop('Nothing Like The Matrix');
} exit;
MainLoop;
sub drop {
my @phrase = split //, reverse shift;
my $x = int rand $cols;
my @orig;
for my $y ( 0 .. $rows ) {
$orig[$y] = $canvas->itemcget( $objects[$x][$y], '-text' );
}
for my $y ( 0 .. $rows + @phrase + $fade ) {
for my $letter ( 0 .. @phrase ) {
last if ( $y - $letter < 0 );
$canvas->itemconfigure(
$objects[$x][ $y - $letter ],
-text => $phrase[$letter],
-fill => "#00FF00"
);
}
if ( $y > @phrase ) {
$canvas->itemconfigure(
$objects[$x][ $y - @phrase ],
-text => $orig[ $y - @phrase ],
-fill => "#009000"
);
}
if ( $y > @phrase + 2 ) {
$canvas->itemconfigure( $objects[$x][ $y - @phrase - int ($fade / 2) ],
-fill => "#006000" );
$canvas->itemconfigure( $objects[$x][ $y - @phrase - $fade + 1 ],
-fill => $base_color );
}
last unless $run;
$top->after($delay);
neo_move();
$top->update;
}
}
sub neo_move {
$xv += ( ( rand 2 ) - 1 > 0 ) ? 1 : -1; $yv += ( ( rand 2 ) - 1 > 0 ) ? 1 : -1; my ( $x, $y ) = $canvas->coords($neo); $xv = -$xv if ( ( $x < 0 ) or ( $x > $canvas->width ) ); $yv = -$yv if ( ( $y < 0 ) or ( $y > $canvas->height ) ); $canvas->move( $neo, $xv, $yv );
}
sub neo { return ' R0lGODlhjAC1APcAAAQDBISCZEJDM8nDq6eihGJjSyQjFOzj0oSEhGRlZCktLKKkpEhNTMHFxBES BFBSNDMyJJSSbOru7HFyVGt0aqm1q5OVhMnTy2RELLmzmy0UEUQiDMa1pZSEbCo4MrSVhIh0Z9jO tLSljNPV1IhkSPjy3D9EPCYDBB4VHJGVlCIjHGxKTOrl3GFkVLnCuUU5LQsLCXmDesq9tk9XTBEa FOXVxSEqImRUQvv37HF1dJOahZmkmOzq3Km6tMe8qEJLQJhyVIZ9Z9bFtJeEeLamlG5sVFEzIUAp LKSUfGBeXN/FxBIUFHN7XF9FPiwcDD0kITc9PF5ZTk1LNFlbQ3p9ZYqMdXhqZOna1C4lHREOFOXb xLesl/z6/JeNdj47JJqafLy7pZ+Vhjs+MKurlYl8dBUEBa2chNrQvBUNC9e8qkAsHIqLbGtrTH10 W8O6m1Q+PPXs301EMpyMhMGtpFhURNzbykU+MVBMPS8dHPTq1B4UDD0zI4qTfDo4LU5FPJKclvTm 3G1dTYFjVHhcXIOMhlprZKqrpFxMNJWLbEw+JF1NPqSbfGBQTKyri8XMxEQsFNbb1CYMBB8dHGRa PHR9dD8xLNvNxH1tWbCelOXQvG5lVUgcEIhcTM/KrDAqFPny7bTKvLq+t3RuZC8yLk1STZRqTPz6 5FFeUfz+86B6XNbKt+ve1dTDrG1lTC4jFPTl1Hh1Zru2pNzUxMS0nEAWENW1qaiCaJh2aMzFtFw6 NImFdte9tCEcEzEsIaCchqmmlLa4tZZ7aayGdFQiHMWtnKaNfJ+blo6OiWlsZm9OQbWqjGFeTtvW vFU+MszKtohuaPfu7B4VFH97XIhoZJmUfHRKNGQ6JLyafIeEbKijjBITDFZTPJWSdHJ0XIqUjGJE 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Perl 6
Kind-of cheap and cheesy, but what the heck... Probably will only work in a POSIX compatible terminal. Runs until you hit ^C to exit.
The "lightning" effect is actually a bug, but I liked it so I kept it.
<lang perl6># clean up on exit, reset ANSI codes, scroll, re-show the cursor & clear screen signal(SIGINT).tap: { print "\e[0m", "\n" xx 50, "\e[H\e[J\e[?25h"; exit(0) }
- a list of glyphs to use
my @codes = flat 'Α' .. 'Π', 'Ѐ' .. 'ѵ', 'Ҋ' .. 'ԯ', 'Ϣ' .. 'ϯ', 'ｦ'.. 'ﾝ',
'Ⲁ' .. '⳩', '∀' .. '∗', '℀' .. '℺', '⨀' .. '⫿';
- palette of gradient ANSI foreground colors
my @palette = flat "\e[38;2;255;255;255m", (255,245 … 30).map({"\e[38;2;0;$_;0m"}),
"\e[38;2;0;25;0m" xx 75;
my @screen; # buffer to hold glyphs my @rotate; # palette rotation position buffer
my ($rows, $cols) = qx/stty size/.words; # get the terminal size init($rows, $cols); # set up the screen buffer and palette offsets
my $size-check;
print "\e[?25l\e[48;5;232m"; # hide the cursor, set the background color
loop {
if ++$size-check %% 20 { # periodically check for
my ($r, $c) = qx/stty size/.words; # resized terminal and
init($r, $c) if $r != $rows or $c != $cols; # re-initialize screen buffer
$size-check = 0
}
print "\e[1;1H"; # set cursor to top left
print join , (^@screen).map: {
@rotate[$_] = (@rotate[$_] + 1) % +@palette; # rotate the palettes
flat @palette[@rotate[$_]], @screen[$_] # and print foreground, glyph
}
@screen[(^@screen).pick] = @codes.roll for ^30; # replace some random glyphs
}
sub init ($r, $c) {
@screen = @codes.roll($r * $c);
($rows, $cols) = $r, $c;
my @offset = (^@palette).pick xx $cols;
for ^$rows -> $row {
@rotate[$row * $cols ..^ $row * $cols + $cols] = @offset;
# for no "lightning" effect, add '1 + ' ↓ here: (1 + $_ % 3)
@offset = (^@offset).map: {(@offset[$_] - ($_ % 3)) % +@palette};
}
}</lang>
- Sample output:
See matrix-digital-rain-perl6.png (offsite png image)
Racket
<lang racket>#lang racket
(define codes '((Α Π) (Ѐ ѵ) (Ҋ ԯ) (Ϣ ϯ) (ｦ ﾝ) (Ⲁ ⳩) (∀ ∗) (℀ ℺) (⨀ ⫿)))
(define (symbol->integer s) (char->integer (string-ref (symbol->string s) 0))) (define (pick xs) (list-ref xs (random (length xs))))
(define glyphs
(map
integer->char
(append*
(for/list ([c (in-list codes)])
(range (symbol->integer (first c)) (add1 (symbol->integer (second c))))))))
(define palette (vector-append (vector "\e[38;2;255;255;255m")
(for/vector ([n (in-range 245 29 -10)])
(format "\e[38;2;0;~a;0m" n))
(make-vector 75 "\e[38;2;0;25;0m")))
(match-define (list (app (compose1 sub1 string->number) rows)
(app string->number cols)) (string-split (with-output-to-string (thunk (system "stty size")))))
(define screen (for/vector ([_ (in-range (* rows cols))]) (pick glyphs))) (define offsets (for/vector ([col cols]) (random (vector-length palette))))
(display "\e[?25l\e[48;5;232m") ; hide the cursor, set the background color
(define (main)
(for ([iter (in-naturals)])
(sleep 0.1)
(display "\e[1;1H") ; reset cursor to top left
(for ([i (in-range 30)]) (vector-set! screen (random (* rows cols)) (pick glyphs)))
(for ([i (in-range rows)])
(for ([j (in-range cols)])
(display (vector-ref palette (modulo (+ (- i) iter (vector-ref offsets j))
(vector-length palette))))
(display (vector-ref screen (+ (* cols i) j))))
(display "\n"))))
(with-handlers ([exn:break? (thunk*
; reset ANSI codes, reshow cursor, clear screen
(display "\e[0m")
(display "\e[H\e[J\e[?25h"))])
(main))</lang>
REXX
<lang rexx>/*REXX program creates/displays Matrix (the movie) digital rain; favors non-Latin chars.*/ signal on halt /*allow the user to halt/stop this pgm.*/ parse arg pc seed . /*obtain optional arguments from the CL*/ if pc== | pc=="," then pc= 20 /*Not specified? Then use the default.*/ if datatype(seed, 'W') then call random ,,seed /*Numeric? Use seed for repeatability.*/ parse value scrsize() with sd sw . /*obtain the dimensions of the screen. */ if sd==0 then sd= 54; sd= sd - 2 /*Not defined? Then use default; adjust*/ if sw==0 then sw= 80; sw= sw - 1 /* " " " " " " */ lowC= x2d( c2x(' ') ) /*don't use characters "below" a blank.*/ @.= ' ' /*PC is the % new Matric rain streams.*/ cloud= copies(@., sw) /*the cloud, where matrix rain is born.*/ cls= 'CLS' /*DOS command used to clear the screen.*/ mm= 0
do forever; call nimbus /*define bottom of cloud (the drops). */
call rain /*generate rain, display the raindrops.*/
mm=mm+1
if mm==99 then leave
end /*j*/
halt: exit /*stick a fork in it, we're all done. */ /*──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/ rain: do a=sd by -1 for sd-1; _= a-1; @.a= @._; end; call fogger; return show: cls; @.1= cloud; do r=1 for sd; say strip(@.r, 'T'); end /*r*/; return /*──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/ nimbus: if random(0, 99)<pc then call mist /*should this be a new rain stream ? */
else call unmist /*should any of the rain streams cease?*/
return
if random(0, 99)<pc then return /*should this be a new rain stream ? */
?= random(1, sw) /*pick a random rain cloud position. */
if substr(cloud,?,1)\==' ' then return /*This cloud postion not blank? Return.*/
/*──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/ mist: ?= random(1, sw) /*obtain a random column in cloud. */
if substr(cloud,?,1)\==' ' then return /*if this stream is active, return. */
if random(0, 99)<pc then return /*should this be a new rain stream ? */
cloud= overlay(drop(), cloud, ?) /*seed cloud with new matrix rain drop.*/
return
/*──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/ unmist: ?= random(1, sw) /*obtain a random column in cloud. */
if substr(cloud,?,1) ==' ' then return /*if this stream is dry, return. */
if random(0, 99)>pc then return /*should this be a new dry stream ? */
cloud= overlay(' ', cloud, ?) /*seed cloud with new matrix rain drop.*/
return
/*──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/ drop: Lat= random(1, 4) /*Now, chose a matrix rain stream char.*/
tChr= 256; if Lat==1 then tChr= 128 /*choose the type of rain stream char. */
return d2c( random(lowC, tChr) ) /*Lat = 1? This favors Latin letters.*/
/*──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/ fogger: do f=1 for sw /*display a screen full of rain streams*/
if substr(cloud, f, 1) \== ' ' then cloud= overlay( drop(), cloud, f)
end /*f*/; call show; return /* [↑] if raindrop, then change drop. */</lang>
- output when using the default input:
(A screen snapshot shown at half size.)
░ O 3 k ò cº Θ & F
~ Ö ¡ ) Å tπ ÷ ç ╛
a ± █ q L P} 8 ╕ y
Ü d | Γ 1 P» ≥ ╙ ù
╖ ¥ 9 ╠ ▒ SÉ k ╟ }
o U ' Æ í (N E C 0
e 2 ╜ ─ ₧ bH ï Z ╢
o å - S 2 ò┘ ║ P ╖
s @ ê ≈ ╝ ·v F 4 û
Æ k ┤ .ÿ s ╕@ b U ^
9 ╩ « ┐· w ╛- e U =
≈ a ┬ δu ┬ ît ╤ ╖ σ
N Ä F 'N @ ╒R φ O
ô @ Y ÷x X ∩P ¡ 8
9 ║ ╔ #■ ▌ d% v «
ô m I xm : Um E &
╚ » r > ~ H@ / ┤
⌂ k E 1 ╜ Wc J s
8 g E m ƒ Ωε q U
V ë & | ï ■~ ≥ X
à Ö . î 3 ₧= ⌂ ±
π ì è n ┬ ·▌ Z W
¢ 6 n S £ [x £ {
' & ? ╖ ) jÑ ╞ α
î ╔ x F ╨ ☺▌ 7 ┘
á ë j * - rⁿ ú )
' S ╥ ∙ E v≡ o ú
. < V ² ° ]G 7 H
p 8 ╣ o ╤ FÇ S
┴ t ö ^ ╣ n╟ ╕ >
* æ ò ╡ 4 d_ ├ «
╔ â - Q P un ≥ M
6 ² ╢ ╔ E ≤A ° *
/ : q L R cë % ≡
3 x $ ⌡ ¥ .Ω E :
E ┤ y i U Z ú O
⌂ Σ . ¥ } Ä °
V φ ≤ ╙ ╫ j
} à ? 3 ' ≤ .
í ▐ ╞ = ~ Ä ç
B î ö ( ¬ ╘
┬ [ 6 ═ ╡ ▌
r % f ╔ [ C
_ { è % ╫ ▒ Z
1 ≈ ] ! - ╨ o ¢
? ÿ 9 Å e ß σ
µ ■ α Z h 4 ⌠ 4
ñ ╙ 2 8 ; 2 ╣ !
J Ñ : ~ █ ª ░ I
╥ í ┴ c ! U ; [
Ω Ç ╫ N W ⌂ $ ╨
ì + ₧ _ v k ò X
c s ¿ 3 % ½ F ╠
x Γ p ? £ S ç -
g / ╡ : é æ ^
√ ⌐ 0 Ü . 9 Γ
⌡ ╕ w 0 î ╖ l
║ ñ ½ █ D ≥ Θ
6 F ù ; O % à
m - 4 n ' ╬ {
├ ╚ K & G R ╗
Yabasic
<lang Yabasic>open window 640,512,"swiss12" backcolor 0,0,0 clear window mx=50 my=42 dim scr(mx,my) for y=0 to my
for x=0 to mx
scr(x,y)=int(ran(96)+33)
next x
next y ms=50 dim sx(ms) dim sy(ms) for a=1 to ms
sx(a)=int(ran(mx)) sy(a)=int(ran(my))
next a do
for s=1 to ms
x=sx(s)
y=sy(s)
letter(0,255,0)
y=y-1
letter(0,200,0)
y=y-1
letter(0,150,0)
y=y-1
color 0,0,0
fill rect x*12.8-1,y*12.8+4 to x*12.8+12,y*12.8-10
letter(0,70,0)
y=y-24
color 0,0,0
fill rect x*12.8-1,y*12.8+4 to x*12.8+12,y*12.8-10
next s
for s=1 to ms
if int(ran(5)+1)=1 sy(s)=sy(s)+1
if sy(s)>my+25 then
sy(s)=0
sx(s)=int(ran(mx))
end if
next s
loop
sub letter(r,g,b)
if y<0 or y>my return c=scr(x,y) color r,g,b text x*12.8,y*12.8,chr$(c)
end sub</lang>
zkl
<lang zkl>var [const] codes=Walker.chain( // a bunch of UTF non ascii chars
[0x0391..0x03a0], [0x03a3..0x0475], [0x0400..0x0475],
[0x048a..0x052f], [0x03e2..0x03ef], [0x2c80..0x2ce9],
[0x2200..0x2217], [0x2100..0x213a], [0x2a00..0x2aff])
.apply(fcn(utf){ utf.toString(-8) }), // jeez this is lame
codeSz=codes.len(), // 970
c=L("\e[38;2;255;255;255m",[255..30,-15].apply("\e[38;2;0;%d;0m".fmt),
(250).pump(List,T(Void,"\e[38;2;0;25;0m"))).flatten(),
csz=c.len(); // 267, c is ANSI escape code fg colors: 38;2;<r;g;b>m
// query the ANSI terminal rows,cols := System.popen("stty size","r").readln().split().apply("toInt");
o,s,fg := buildScreen(rows,cols); ssz:=s.len();
print("\e[?25l\e[48;5;232m"); // hide the cursor, set background color to dark while(1){ // ignore screen resizes
print("\e[1;1H"); // move cursor to 1,1
foreach n in (ssz){ // print a screen full
print( c[fg[n]], s[n] ); // forground color, character
fg[n]=(fg[n] + 1)%csz; // fade to black
}
do(100){ s[(0).random(ssz)]=codes[(0).random(codeSz)] } // some new chars
Atomic.sleep(0.1); // frame rate for my system, up to 200x41 terminal
}
fcn buildScreen(rows,cols){ // build a row major array as list
// s --> screen full of characters
s:=(rows*cols).pump(List(), fcn{ codes[(0).random(codeSz)]});
// array fb-->( fg color, fg ..) where fg is an ANSI term 48;5;<n>m color
fg:=List.createLong(s.len(),0);
o:=csz.pump(List()).shuffle()[0,cols]; // cols random #s
foreach row in (rows){ // set fg indices
foreach col in (cols){ fg[row*cols + col] = o[col] }
o=o.apply(fcn(n){ n-=1; if(n<0) n=csz-1; n%csz }); // fade out
}
return(o,s,fg);
}</lang> Offsite Image: Matrix rain dance
