Law of cosines - triples
The Law of cosines states that for an angle γ, (gamma) of any triangle, if the sides adjacent to the angle are A and B and the side opposite is C; then the lengths of the sides are related by this formula:
A² + B² - 2ABcos(γ) = C²
- Specific angles
For an angle of of 90° this becomes the more familiar "Pythagoras equation:
A² + B² = C²
For an angle of of 60° this becomes the less familiar equation:
A² + B² - AB = C²
And finally or an angle of of 120° this becomes the equation:
A² + B² + AB = C²
- Task
- Find all integer solutions to the three specific cases, in order; distinguishing between each angle being considered.
- Restrain all sides to the integers 1..13 inclusive.
- Show how many results there are for each angle.
- Display results on this page.
Python
<lang>N = 13
def method1(N=N):
squares = [x**2 for x in range(0, N+1)] sqrset = set(squares) tri90, tri60, tri120 = (set() for _ in range(3)) for a in range(1, N+1): a2 = squares[a] for b in range(1, a + 1): b2 = squares[b] c2 = a2 + b2 if c2 in sqrset: tri90.add(tuple(sorted((a, b, int(c2**0.5))))) continue ab = a * b c2 -= ab if c2 in sqrset: tri60.add(tuple(sorted((a, b, int(c2**0.5))))) continue c2 += 2 * ab if c2 in sqrset: tri120.add(tuple(sorted((a, b, int(c2**0.5))))) return sorted(tri90), sorted(tri60), sorted(tri120)
- %%
if __name__ == '__main__':
print(f'Integer triangular triples for sides 1..{N}:') for angle, triples in zip([90, 60, 120], method1(N)): print(f' {angle:3}° has {len(triples)} solutions:\n {triples}')</lang>
- Output:
Integer triangular triples for sides 1..13: 90° has 3 solutions: [(3, 4, 5), (5, 12, 13), (6, 8, 10)] 60° has 15 solutions: [(1, 1, 1), (2, 2, 2), (3, 3, 3), (3, 7, 8), (4, 4, 4), (5, 5, 5), (5, 7, 8), (6, 6, 6), (7, 7, 7), (8, 8, 8), (9, 9, 9), (10, 10, 10), (11, 11, 11), (12, 12, 12), (13, 13, 13)] 120° has 2 solutions: [(3, 5, 7), (7, 8, 13)]