Flipping bits game
You are encouraged to solve this task according to the task description, using any language you may know.
- The game
Given an N by N square array of zeroes or ones in an initial configuration, and a target configuration of zeroes and ones The task is to transform one to the other in as few moves as possible by inverting whole numbered rows or whole lettered columns at once, as one move.
In an inversion any 1 becomes 0, and any 0 becomes 1 for that whole row or column.
- Task
Create a program to score for the Flipping bits game.
- The game should create an original random target configuration and a starting configuration.
- Ensure that the starting position is never the target position.
- The target position must be guaranteed as reachable from the starting position. (One possible way to do this is to generate the start position by legal flips from a random target position. The flips will always be reversible back to the target from the given start position).
- The number of moves taken so far should be shown.
Show an example of a short game here, on this page, for a 3 by 3 array of bits.
8080 Assembly
This program runs under CP/M and takes the board size from the command line.
<lang 8080asm> ;;; Flip the Bits game, CP/M version. ;;; CP/M zero page locations cmdln: equ 80h ;;; CP/M system calls getch: equ 1h putch: equ 2h rawio: equ 6h puts: equ 9h org 100h ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ;;; Retrieve command line input. If it is not correct, end. lxi d,usage ; Usage string mvi c,puts ; Print that string when we need to lxi h,cmdln ; Pointer to command line mov a,m ; Get length ana a ; Zero? jc 5 ; Then print and stop inx h ; Advance to first non-space element inx h mov a,m ; Get first character sui '3' ; Minimum number jc 5 ; If input was less than that, print and stop adi 3 ; Add 3 back, giving the board size cpi 9 ; Is it higher than 8 now? jnc 5 ; Then print usage and stop sta boardsz ; Store the board size ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ;;; Because there's no standard way in CP/M to get at any ;;; entropy (not even a clock), ask the user to supply some ;;; by pressing the keys on the keyboard. lxi d,presskeys call outs mvi b,8 ; we want to do this 8 times, for 24 keys total randouter: mvi c,3 ; there are 3 bytes of state for the RNG lxi h,xabcdat+1 randinner: push h ; keep the pointer and counters push b waitkey: mvi c,rawio mvi e,0FFh call 5 ana a jz waitkey pop b ; restore the pointer and counters pop h xra m ; XOR key with data mov m,a inx h dcr c ; Have we had 3 bytes yet? jnz randinner dcr b ; Have we done it 8 times yet? jnz randouter lxi d,welcome call outs ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ;;; Generate a random board lxi h,board lxi b,4001h ; B=81, C=1 genrand: call xabcrand ana c mov m,a inx h dcr b jnz genrand ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ;;; Copy board into goal lxi h,board lxi d,goal mvi b,64 copygoal: mov a,m stax d inx h inx d dcr b jnz copygoal ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ;;; Do a bunch of random flips on the board (5-20) call xabcrand ani 0Fh ; 0..15 flips adi 5 ; 5..20 flips sta sysflips mov b,a ; Do that many flips randflip: call xabcrand call flip ; Unused bits in the random number are ignored dcr b jnz randflip ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ;;; Print the current state gamestate: lxi d,smoves call outs lda usrflips call outanum lxi d,sgoal call outs lda sysflips call outanum lxi d,newline call outs ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ;;; Print the current board and the goal ;;; Print the header first lxi d,sboardhdr call outs lda boardsz lxi d,2041h ; E=letter (A), D=space add e ; Last letter mov b,a ; B = last letter mvi l,2 ; Print two headers header: mvi e,'A' mov a,d call outaspace headerpart: mov a,e cmp b jc headerltr mov a,d ; Print spaces for invalid positions headerltr: call outaspace mov a,e inr a mov e,a cpi 'A'+8 jc headerpart mvi a,9 call outa dcr l ; Print two headers (for two boards) jnz header lxi d,newline call outs ;;; Then print each line of the board mvi c,0 ; Start with line 0 printline: lxi h,board ; Get position on board mvi d,2 ; Run twice - print board and goal prbrdline: mvi a,'1' ; Print line number add c call outaspace push d mov a,c ; Line offset in board rlc rlc rlc mov e,a mvi d,0 dad d ; Add line offset pop d ; Restore board counter mvi b,0 ; Start with column 0 printcol: lda boardsz ; Valid position? dcr a cmp b jnc printbit mvi a,' ' ; No - print space jmp printpos printbit: mov a,m ; Yes - print 0 or 1 adi '0' printpos: call outaspace inx h ; Next board pos inr b mov a,b ; Done yet? cpi 8 jnz printcol ; If not, print next column mvi a,9 call outa lxi h,goal ; Print goal line next dcr d jnz prbrdline mvi a,13 ; Print newline call outa mvi a,10 call outa inr c ; Next line lda boardsz ; Valid line? dcr a cmp c jnc printline ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ;;; Prompt the user for a move lxi d,prompt ; Print prompt call outs readinput: mvi c,getch ; Read character call 5 ori 32 ; Make letters lowercase cpi 'q' ; Quit? rz cpi '9'+1 ; 9 or lower? assume number jc nummove sui 'a' ; Otherwise, assume letter jc invalid ; So <'a' is invalid input call checkmove ; See if the move is valid jc invalid ; If not, wrong input ori 128 ; Set high bit for column flip call flip ; Do the flip jmp checkboard ; See if the game is won nummove: sui '1' ; Board array is 0-based of course jc invalid ; Not on board = invalid input call checkmove ; See if the move is vali jc invalid call flip ; Do the move (high bit clear for row) ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ;;; See if the user has won checkboard: lda boardsz dcr a mov b,a ; B = line checkrow: lda boardsz dcr a mov c,a ; C = column checkcol: mov a,b rlc ; Line * 8 rlc rlc add c ; + column = offset push b ; Store line/column mvi h,0 ; Position offset mov l,a lxi d,board ; Get board dad d mov b,m ; B = board position lxi d,64 ; Goal = board+64 dad d mov a,m ; A = goal position cmp b ; Are they the same? pop b ; Restore line/column jnz nowin ; If not, the user hasn't won dcr c ; If so, try next column position jp checkcol dcr b ; If column done, try next row jp checkrow ;;; If we get here, the user has won lxi d,win jmp outs ;;; The user hasn't won yet, get another move nowin: lxi h,usrflips ; Increment the user flips inr m jmp gamestate ; Print new game state, get new move ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ;;; Invalid input: erase it, beep, and get another character invalid: lxi d,nope call outs jmp readinput ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ;;; Check if the move in A is valid. Set carry if not. checkmove: mov b,a lda boardsz dcr a cmp b mov a,b ret ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ;;; Flip row or column A & 7 (zero-indexed) on the board. ;;; Bit 7 set = column, else row. flip: rlc ; Test bit 7 (and A*2) jc flipcol ;;; Flip row push b ; Keep registers push h ani 0Eh ; Get row number rlc ; Calculate offset, A*4 rlc ; A*8 mvi b,0 ; BC = A mov c,a lxi h,board ; Get board pointer dad b ; Add row offset lxi b,0801h ; Max. 8 bits, and C=1 (to flip) fliprowbit: mov a,m ; Get position xra c ; Flip position mov m,a ; Store position inx h ; Increment pointer dcr b ; Done yet? jnz fliprowbit pop h ; Restore registers pop b ret ;;; Flip column flipcol: push b ; Keep registers push d push h rrc ; Rotate A back ani 7 ; Get column number mvi d,0 ; Column offset mov e,a lxi h,board ; Get board pointer dad d ; Add column offset mvi e,8 ; Advance by 8 each time through the loop lxi b,0801h ; Max. 8 bits, and C=1 (to flip) flipcolbit: mov a,m ; Get position xra c ; Flip position mov m,a ; Store position dad d ; Next row dcr b ; Done yet? jnz flipcolbit pop h ; Restore registers pop d pop b ret ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ;;; The "X ABC" 8-bit random number generator xabcrand: push h lxi h,xabcdat
inr m ; X++
mov a,m ; X,
inx h ;
xra m ; ^ C,
inx h ;
xra m ; ^ A,
mov m,a ; -> A
inx h
add m ; + B,
mov m,a ; -> B
rar ; >>1
dcx h
xra m ; ^ A,
dcx h
add m ; + C
mov m,a ; -> C
pop h
ret
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ;;; Print the string in DE. This saves one byte per call. outs: mvi c,puts jmp 5 ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ;;; Print the number in A in decimal, preserving registers outanum: push psw push b push d push h lxi d,outabuf+3 outadgt: mvi b,-1 outdivmod: inr b sui 10 jnc outdivmod adi 10+'0' dcx d stax d mov a,b ana a jnz outadgt call outs jmp regrestore outabuf: db '***$' ; Room for ASCII number ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ;;; Print the character in A followed by a space, preserving ;;; registers. outaspace: call outa push psw mvi a,' ' call outa pop psw ret ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ;;; Print the character in A, preserving all registers. outa: push psw push b push d push h mov e,a mvi c,putch call 5 regrestore: pop h pop d pop b pop psw ret ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ;;; Strings usage: db 'Usage: FLIP [3..8], number is board size.$' presskeys: db 'Please press some keys to generate a random state...$' welcome: db 'done.',13,10,13,10 db '*** FLIP THE BITS *** ',13,10 db '--------------------- ', newline: db 13,10,'$' smoves: db 13,10,13,10,'Your flips: $' sgoal: db 9,'Goal: $' sboardhdr: db '--Board------------',9,'--Goal-------------',13,10,'$' prompt: db 'Press line or column to flip, or Q to quit: $' nope: db 8,32,8,7,'$' ; Beep and erase input win: db 13,10,7,7,7,'You win!$' ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ;;; Data boardsz: ds 1 ; This will hold the board size sysflips: ds 1 ; How many flips the system did usrflips: ds 1 ; How many flips the user did xabcdat: ds 4 ; RNG state board: equ $ goal: equ board + 64 ; Max. 8*8 board</lang>
- Output:
Example game:
A>flip 3 Please press some keys to generate a random state...done. *** FLIP THE BITS *** --------------------- Your flips: 0 Goal: 20 --Board------------ --Goal------------- A B C A B C 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 2 0 0 0 2 1 0 0 3 1 1 1 3 0 1 1 Press line or column to flip, or Q to quit: a Your flips: 1 Goal: 20 --Board------------ --Goal------------- A B C A B C 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 2 1 0 0 2 1 0 0 3 0 1 1 3 0 1 1 Press line or column to flip, or Q to quit: 1 You win! A>
8086 Assembly
This program runs under MS-DOS and takes the board size from the command line. <lang asm> bits 16 cpu 8086 ;;; MS-DOS PSP locations arglen: equ 80h argstart: equ 82h ;;; MS-DOS system calls getch: equ 1h putch: equ 2h puts: equ 9h time: equ 2Ch section .text org 100h ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ;;; Read board size from command line cmp byte [arglen],0 ; Command line empty? je printusage ; Then print usage and stop mov al,[argstart] ; Get first byte on command line cmp al,'3' ; <3? jb printusage ; Then print usage and stop cmp al,'8' ; >8? ja printusage ; Then print usage and stop sub al,'0' ; Make number from ASCII mov [boardsz],al ; Store the board size mov ah,puts ; If we made it here, print the mov dx,welcome ; welcome banner. int 21h ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ;;; Generate random board call xabcinit ; Initialize the RNG with system time mov si,board xor bx,bx genboard: call xabcrand ; Get random byte mov ah,al call xabcrand ; Get another and ax,0101h ; Keep only the low bit of each byte mov [si+bx],ax ; And store them inc bx ; Two bytes onward inc bx cmp bl,64 ; Are we done? jne genboard ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ;;; Copy the board into the goal mov si,board ; Source is board mov di,goal ; Destination is goal mov bx,0 ; Start at the beginning copyboard: mov ax,[si+bx] ; Load word from board mov [di+bx],ax ; Store word in goal inc bx ; We've copied two bytes inc bx cmp bl,64 ; Are we done yet? jne copyboard ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ;;; Make an amount of random flips call xabcrand ; Random number and al,15 ; [0..15] add al,5 ; [5..20] mov [sysflips],al ; Store in memory mov cl,al ; Flip doesn't touch CL xor ch,ch ; Set high byte zero randflips: call xabcrand ; Random number call flip ; Do a flip (unused bits are ignored) loop randflips mov byte [usrflips],0 ; Initialize user flips to 0 ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ;;; Print game status (moves, goal moves) status: mov ah,puts mov dx,smoves int 21h mov al,[usrflips] call printal mov ah,puts mov dx,sgoal int 21h mov al,[sysflips] call printal ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ;;; Print the game board and goal board mov ah,puts ; Print the header mov dx,sboardhdr int 21h mov cl,2 ; Print two headers mov ah,putch ; Indent columns ;;; Print column headers colheader: mov dl,' ' int 21h int 21h mov bh,0 ; Offset mov bl,'A' ; First letter .curcol: cmp bh,[boardsz] mov dl,bl ; Print letter jb .printcol mov dl,' ' ; Print space if column not used .printcol: call dlspace ; Print DL + separator space inc bl inc bh cmp bh,8 ; Done yet? jb .curcol mov dl,9 ; Separate the boards with a TAB int 21h dec cl ; We need two headers (board and goal) jnz colheader mov ah,puts ; Print a newline afterwards mov dx,newline int 21h ;;; Print the rows of the boards xor bh,bh ; Zero high byte of BX xor cl,cl ; Row index boardrow: mov ch,2 ; Two rows, board and goal mov si,board ; Start by printing the game board .oneboard: xor dh,dh ; Column index mov dl,cl ; Print row number add dl,'1' call dlspace .curpos: cmp dh,[boardsz] ; Column in use? mov dl,' ' ; If not, print a space jae .printpos mov bl,cl ; Row index shl bl,1 ; * 8 shl bl,1 shl bl,1 add bl,dh ; Add column index mov dl,[bx+si] ; Get position from board add dl,'0' ; Print as ASCII 0 or 1 .printpos: call dlspace inc dh ; Increment column index cmp dh,8 ; Are we there yet? jb .curpos ; If not, print next position mov dl,9 ; Separate the boards with a TAB int 21h dec ch ; Have we printed the goal yet? mov si,goal ; If not, print the goal next jnz .oneboard mov ah,puts ; Print a newline mov dx,newline int 21h inc cl ; Next row cmp cl,[boardsz] ; Are we there yet? jb boardrow ; If not, print the next row. ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ;;; Ask the user for a move mov ah,puts ; Write the prompt mov dx,prompt int 21h readmove: mov ah,getch ; Read a character int 21h or al,32 ; Make letters lowercase cmp al,'q' ; Quit? je quit cmp al,'9' ; Numeric (row) input? jbe .nummove ; If not, alphabetic (column) input ;;; Letter input (column) sub al,'a' ; Subtract 'a' jc invalid ; If it was <'a', invalid input cmp al,[boardsz] ; Is it on the board? jae invalid or al,128 ; Set high bit, for column flip call flip ; Flip the column jmp checkwin ; See if the user has won ;;; Number input (row) .nummove: sub al,'1' ; Rows start at 1. jc invalid ; If <'1', then invalid cmp al,[boardsz] ; Is it on the board? jae invalid call flip ; Flip the row ;;; Check if the user has won the game checkwin: xor bh,bh ; Zero high byte of array index mov dl,[boardsz] xor ch,ch ; Row coordinate .row: xor cl,cl ; Column coordinate .pos: mov bl,ch ; BL = row*8 + col shl bl,1 shl bl,1 shl bl,1 add bl,cl mov al,[board+bx] ; Get position from board cmp al,[goal+bx] ; Compare with corresponding goal pos jne .nowin ; Not equal: the user hasn't won inc cl cmp cl,dl ; Done all positions on row? jb .pos ; If not, do next. inc ch cmp ch,dl ; Done all rows? jb .row ; If not, do next. ;;; If we get here, the user has won mov ah,puts mov dx,win int 21h ret ;;; The user hasn't won .nowin: inc byte [usrflips] ; Record that the user has made a move jmp status ; Print status and board, get new move ;;; Invalid input invalid: mov ah,puts mov dx,nope int 21h jmp readmove ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ;;; Flip the line or column in AL. If bit 7 set, flip column. flip: mov si,board ; SI = board test al,al ; This sets sign flag if bit 7 set js .column ; If so, flip column. and al,7 ; We only need the first 3 bits shl al,1 ; Multiply by 8 shl al,1 ; 8086 does not support 'shl al,3' shl al,1 xor ah,ah ; High byte 0 mov bx,ax ; BX = offset mov ah,4 ; 4 words .rowloop xor word [si+bx],0101h ; Flip two bytes at once inc bx inc bx dec ah jnz .rowloop ret .column: and al,7 ; Flip a column. xor ah,ah mov bx,ax ; BX = row offset mov ah,8 ; 8 bytes (need to do it byte by byte) .colloop: xor byte [si+bx],01h ; Flip position add bx,8 dec ah jnz .colloop quit: ret ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ;;; Print usage and stop printusage: mov ah,puts mov dx,usage int 21h ret ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ;;; Print the character in DL followed by a space dlspace: mov ah,putch int 21h mov dl,' ' int 21h ret ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ;;; Initialize the random number generator using the system ;;; time. xabcinit: mov ah,time int 21h mov bx,xabcdat xor [bx],cx xor [bx+2],dx ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ;;; The "X ABC" random number generator ;;; Return random byte in AL xabcrand: push bx ; Save registers push cx push dx mov bx,xabcdat ; RNG state pointer mov cx,[bx] ; CL=x CH=a mov dx,[bx+2] ; DL=b DH=c inc cl ; X++ xor ch,dh ; A^=C xor ch,cl ; A^=X add dl,ch ; B+=A mov al,dl shr al,1 ; B>>1 xor al,ch ; ^A add al,dh ; +C mov dh,al ; ->C mov [bx],cx ; Store new RNG state mov [bx+2],dx pop dx ; Restore registers pop cx pop bx ret ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ;;; Print the byte in AL as a decimal number printal: mov di,decnum + 3 ; Room in memory for decimal number mov dl,10 ; Divide by 10 .loop: xor ah,ah ; Zero remainder div dl ; Divide by 10 add ah,'0' ; Add ASCII 0 to remainder dec di mov [di],ah ; Store digit in memory and al,al ; Done yet? jnz .loop ; If not, next digit mov dx,di ; DX = number string mov ah,puts ; Print the string int 21h ret section .data decnum: db '***$' ; Decimal number placeholder usage: db 'Usage: FLIP [3..8], number is board size.$' welcome: db '*** FLIP THE BITS *** ',13,10 db '--------------------- ', newline: db 13,10,'$' smoves: db 13,10,13,10,'Your flips: $' sgoal: db 9,'Goal: $' sboardhdr: db 13,10,10,'--Board------------' db 9,'--Goal-------------',13,10,'$' prompt: db 13,10,'Press line or column to flip, or Q to quit: $' nope: db 8,32,8,7,'$' ; Beep and erase input win: db 13,10,7,7,7,'You win!$' section .bss boardsz: resb 1 ; Board size sysflips: resb 1 ; Amount of flips that the system does usrflips: resb 1 ; Amount of flips that the user does xabcdat: resb 4 ; Four byte RNG state board: resb 64 ; 8*8 board goal: resb 64 ; 8*8 goal</lang>
- Output:
Example game:
C:\>flip86 3 *** FLIP THE BITS *** --------------------- Your flips: 0 Goal: 6 --Board------------ --Goal------------- A B C A B C 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 2 1 0 0 2 0 1 0 3 1 1 1 3 1 1 0 Press line or column to flip, or Q to quit: 2 Your flips: 1 Goal: 6 --Board------------ --Goal------------- A B C A B C 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 2 0 1 1 2 0 1 0 3 1 1 1 3 1 1 0 Press line or column to flip, or Q to quit: c You win! C:\>
Ada
This solution determines the size of the playground from the command line.
<lang Ada>with Ada.Text_IO, Ada.Command_Line, Ada.Numerics.Discrete_Random;
procedure Flip_Bits is
subtype Letter is Character range 'a' .. 'z';
Last_Col: constant letter := Ada.Command_Line.Argument(1)(1);
Last_Row: constant Positive := Positive'Value(Ada.Command_Line.Argument(2));
package Boolean_Rand is new Ada.Numerics.Discrete_Random(Boolean);
Gen: Boolean_Rand.Generator;
type Matrix is array
(Letter range 'a' .. Last_Col, Positive range 1 .. Last_Row) of Boolean;
function Rand_Mat return Matrix is
M: Matrix;
begin
for I in M'Range(1) loop
for J in M'Range(2) loop M(I,J) := Boolean_Rand.Random(Gen); end loop;
end loop;
return M;
end Rand_Mat;
function Rand_Mat(Start: Matrix) return Matrix is
M: Matrix := Start;
begin
for I in M'Range(1) loop
if Boolean_Rand.Random(Gen) then for J in M'Range(2) loop M(I,J) := not M(I, J); end loop; end if;
end loop;
for I in M'Range(2) loop
if Boolean_Rand.Random(Gen) then for J in M'Range(1) loop M(J,I) := not M(J, I); end loop; end if;
end loop;
return M;
end Rand_Mat;
procedure Print(Message: String; Mat: Matrix) is
package NIO is new Ada.Text_IO.Integer_IO(Natural);
begin
Ada.Text_IO.New_Line;
Ada.Text_IO.Put_Line(Message);
Ada.Text_IO.Put(" ");
for Ch in Matrix'Range(1) loop
Ada.Text_IO.Put(" " & Ch);
end loop;
Ada.Text_IO.New_Line;
for I in Matrix'Range(2) loop
NIO.Put(I, Width => 3); for Ch in Matrix'Range(1) loop Ada.Text_IO.Put(if Mat(Ch, I) then " 1" else " 0"); end loop;
Ada.Text_IO.New_Line;
end loop;
end Print;
Current, Target: Matrix;
Moves: Natural := 0;
begin
-- choose random Target and start ("Current") matrices
Boolean_Rand.Reset(Gen);
Target := Rand_Mat;
loop
Current := Rand_Mat(Target);
exit when Current /= Target;
end loop;
Print("Target:", Target);
-- print and modify Current matrix, until it is identical to Target
while Current /= Target loop
Moves := Moves + 1;
Print("Current move #" & Natural'Image(Moves), Current);
Ada.Text_IO.Put_Line("Flip row 1 .." & Positive'Image(Last_Row) &
" or column 'a' .. '" & Last_Col & "'");
declare
S: String := Ada.Text_IO.Get_Line; function Let(S: String) return Character is (S(S'First)); function Val(Str: String) return Positive is (Positive'Value(Str));
begin
if Let(S) in 'a' .. Last_Col then for I in Current'Range(2) loop Current(Let(S), I) := not Current(Let(S), I); end loop; else for I in Current'Range(1) loop Current(I, Val(S)) := not Current(I, Val(S)); end loop; end if;
end;
end loop;
-- summarize the outcome
Ada.Text_IO.Put_Line("Done after" & Natural'Image(Moves) & " Moves.");
end Flip_Bits;</lang>
- Output:
For a 3*3-Matrix, the command line input is "c 3".
>./flip_bits c 3
Target:
a b c
1 1 0 1
2 1 0 0
3 1 0 0
Current move # 1
a b c
1 1 0 0
2 1 0 1
3 0 1 0
Flip row 1 .. 3 or column 'a' .. 'c'
3
Current move # 2
a b c
1 1 0 0
2 1 0 1
3 1 0 1
Flip row 1 .. 3 or column 'a' .. 'c'
c
Done after 2 Moves.
APL
<lang APL>#!/usr/local/bin/apl -s --
∇r←b FlipRow ix ⍝ Flip a row
r←b
r[ix;]←~r[ix;]
∇
∇r←b FlipCol ix ⍝ Flip a column
r←b
r[;ix]←~r[;ix]
∇
∇r←RandFlip b;ix ⍝ Flip a random row or column
ix←?↑⍴b
→(2|?2)/col
r←b FlipRow ix ⋄ →0
col: r←b FlipCol ix ∇
∇s←ttl ShowBoard b;d ⍝ Add row, column indices and title to board
s←'-'⍪⍕(' ',⎕UCS 48+d),(⎕UCS 64+d←⍳↑⍴b)⍪b
s←((2⊃⍴s)↑ttl)⍪s
∇
∇b←MkBoard n ⍝ Generate random board
b←(?(n,n)⍴2)-1
∇
∇Game;n;board;goal;moves;swaps;in;tgt
⍝⍝ Initialize
⎕RL←(2*32)|×/⎕TS ⍝ random seed from time
→(5≠⍴⎕ARG)/usage ⍝ check argument
→(~'0123456789'∧.∊⍨n←5⊃⎕ARG)/usage
→((3>n)∨8<n←⍎n)/usage
board←goal←MkBoard n ⍝ Make a random board of the right size
swaps←4+?16 ⍝ 5 to 20 swaps
board←(RandFlip⍣swaps)board
moves←0
⎕←'*** Flip the bits! ***'
⎕←'----------------------'
⍝⍝ Print game state
state: ⎕←
⎕←'Swaps:',moves,' Goal:',swaps
⎕←
('Board'ShowBoard board),' ',' ',' ',' ','Goal'ShowBoard goal
⍝⍝ Handle move
⍞←'Press line or column to flip, or Q to quit: '
read: in←32⊤∨1⎕FIO[41]1
→(in=⎕UCS'q')/0
→((97≤in)∧(tgt←in-96)≤n)/col
→((49≤in)∧(tgt←in-48)≤n)/row
→read
col: ⍞←⎕UCS in ⋄ board←board FlipCol tgt ⋄ →check row: ⍞←⎕UCS in ⋄ board←board FlipRow tgt
⍝⍝ Check if player won
check: →(board≡goal)/win
moves←moves+1
→state
win: ⎕←'You win!'
→0
usage: ⎕←'Usage:',⎕ARG[4],'[3..8]; number is board size.' ∇ Game )OFF</lang>
- Output:
Example game:
$ ./flip.apl 3 *** Flip the bits! *** ---------------------- Swaps: 0 Goal: 14 Board Goal ------- ------- A B C A B C 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 2 0 1 0 2 0 0 1 3 1 0 1 3 0 0 1 Press line or column to flip, or Q to quit: 2 Swaps: 1 Goal: 14 Board Goal ------- ------- A B C A B C 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 0 1 2 0 0 1 3 1 0 1 3 0 0 1 Press line or column to flip, or Q to quit: a You win! $
AutoHotkey
Uploads are currently disabled, so since a GUI is used, I can't show an example. <lang ahk>size := 3 ; max 26 Gui, Add, Button, , O Loop, %size% { x := chr(A_Index+64) If x = A Loop, %size% Gui, Add, Button, y+4 gFlip, % A_Index Gui, Add, Button, ym gFlip, % x Loop, %size% { y := A_Index Random, %x%%y%, 0, 1 Gui, Add, Edit, v%x%%y% ReadOnly, % %x%%y% } } Gui, Add, Text, ym, Moves:`nTarget: Loop, %size% { x := chr(A_Index+64) Loop, %size% { y := A_Index Gui, Add, Edit, % y=1 ? x="A" ? "xp+0 ym+30" : "x+14 ym+30" : "" . "ReadOnly vt" x y, % t%x%%y% := %x%%y% } }Gui, Add, Text, xp-18 ym w30 Right vMoves, % Moves:=1
- randomize
While (i < size) { Random, z, 1, %size% Random, x, 0, 1 z := x ? chr(z+64) : z Solution .= z ; to cheat If Flip(z, size) i := 0 ; ensure we are not at the solution Else i++ ; count } Gui, Show, NA Return
Flip(z, size) { Loop, %size% { If z is alpha GuiControl, , %z%%A_Index%, % %z%%A_Index% := !%z%%A_Index% Else { AIndex := chr(A_Index+64) GuiControl, , %AIndex%%z%, % %AIndex%%z% := !%AIndex%%z% } } Loop, %size% { x := chr(A_Index+64) Loop, %size% { y := A_Index If (%x%%y% != t%x%%y%) Return 0 } } Return 1 }
Flip: GuiControl, , Moves, % Moves++ If Flip(A_GuiControl, size) { Msgbox Success in %Moves% moves! Reload } Return
ButtonO: Reload Return
GuiEscape: GuiClose: ExitApp Return</lang>
C
<lang c>
- include <stdio.h>
- include <stdlib.h>
int i, j;
void fliprow(int **b, int sz, int n) { for(i = 0; i < sz; i++) b[n+1][i] = !b[n+1][i]; }
void flipcol(int **b, int sz, int n) { for(i = 1; i <= sz; i++) b[i][n] = !b[i][n]; }
void initt(int **t, int sz) { for(i = 1; i <= sz; i++) for(j = 0; j < sz; j++) t[i][j] = rand()%2; }
void initb(int **t, int **b, int sz) { for(i = 1; i <= sz; i++) for(j = 0; j < sz; j++) b[i][j] = t[i][j];
for(i = 1; i <= sz; i++) fliprow(b, sz, rand()%sz+1); for(i = 0; i < sz; i++) flipcol(b, sz, rand()%sz); }
void printb(int **b, int sz) { printf(" "); for(i = 0; i < sz; i++) printf(" %d", i); printf("\n");
for(i = 1; i <= sz; i++) { printf("%d", i-1); for(j = 0; j < sz; j++) printf(" %d", b[i][j]); printf("\n"); }
printf("\n"); }
int eq(int **t, int **b, int sz) { for(i = 1; i <= sz; i++) for(j = 0; j < sz; j++) if(b[i][j] != t[i][j]) return 0; return 1; }
void main() { int sz = 3; int eql = 0; int mov = 0; int **t = malloc(sz*(sizeof(int)+1)); for(i = 1; i <= sz; i++) t[i] = malloc(sz*sizeof(int));
int **b = malloc(sz*(sizeof(int)+1)); for(i = 1; i <= sz; i++) b[i] = malloc(sz*sizeof(int)); char roc; int n; initt(t, sz); initb(t, b, sz);
while(eq(t, b, sz)) initb(t, b, sz);
while(!eql) { printf("Target: \n"); printb(t, sz); printf("Board: \n"); printb(b, sz); printf("What to flip: "); scanf(" %c", &roc); scanf(" %d", &n);
switch(roc) { case 'r': fliprow(b, sz, n); break; case 'c': flipcol(b, sz, n); break; default: perror("Please specify r or c and an number"); break; }
printf("Moves Taken: %d\n", ++mov);
if(eq(t, b, sz)) { printf("You win!\n"); eql = 1; } } } </lang>
- Output:
Target: 0 1 2 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 2 0 0 1 Board: 0 1 2 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 2 1 1 1 What to flip: r2 Moves Taken: 1 Target: 0 1 2 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 2 0 0 1 Board: 0 1 2 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 2 0 0 0 What to flip: c2 Moves Taken: 2 You win!
C++
<lang cpp>
- include <time.h>
- include <iostream>
- include <string>
typedef unsigned char byte; using namespace std;
class flip { public:
flip() { field = 0; target = 0; }
void play( int w, int h ) { wid = w; hei = h; createField(); gameLoop(); }
private:
void gameLoop()
{
int moves = 0; while( !solved() ) { display(); string r; cout << "Enter rows letters and/or column numbers: "; cin >> r; for( string::iterator i = r.begin(); i != r.end(); i++ ) { byte ii = ( *i ); if( ii - 1 >= '0' && ii - 1 <= '9' ) { flipCol( ii - '1' ); moves++; } else if( ii >= 'a' && ii <= 'z' ) { flipRow( ii - 'a' ); moves++; } } } cout << endl << endl << "** Well done! **" << endl << "Used " << moves << " moves." << endl << endl;
}
void display()
{ system( "cls" ); output( "TARGET:", target ); output( "YOU:", field ); }
void output( string t, byte* f )
{
cout << t << endl; cout << " "; for( int x = 0; x < wid; x++ ) cout << " " << static_cast<char>( x + '1' ); cout << endl; for( int y = 0; y < hei; y++ ) { cout << static_cast<char>( y + 'a' ) << " "; for( int x = 0; x < wid; x++ ) cout << static_cast<char>( f[x + y * wid] + 48 ) << " "; cout << endl; } cout << endl << endl;
}
bool solved()
{
for( int y = 0; y < hei; y++ ) for( int x = 0; x < wid; x++ ) if( target[x + y * wid] != field[x + y * wid] ) return false; return true;
}
void createTarget()
{
for( int y = 0; y < hei; y++ ) for( int x = 0; x < wid; x++ ) if( frnd() < .5f ) target[x + y * wid] = 1; else target[x + y * wid] = 0; memcpy( field, target, wid * hei );
}
void flipCol( int c )
{ for( int x = 0; x < hei; x++ ) field[c + x * wid] = !field[c + x * wid]; }
void flipRow( int r )
{ for( int x = 0; x < wid; x++ ) field[x + r * wid] = !field[x + r * wid]; }
void calcStartPos()
{
int flips = ( rand() % wid + wid + rand() % hei + hei ) >> 1; for( int x = 0; x < flips; x++ ) { if( frnd() < .5f ) flipCol( rand() % wid ); else flipRow( rand() % hei ); }
}
void createField()
{
if( field ){ delete [] field; delete [] target; }
int t = wid * hei; field = new byte[t]; target = new byte[t];
memset( field, 0, t ); memset( target, 0, t ); createTarget(); while( true ) { calcStartPos(); if( !solved() ) break; }
}
float frnd() { return static_cast<float>( rand() ) / static_cast<float>( RAND_MAX ); }
byte* field, *target; int wid, hei;
};
int main( int argc, char* argv[] ) { srand( time( NULL ) ); flip g; g.play( 3, 3 ); return system( "pause" ); } </lang>
- Output:
TARGET: 1 2 3 a 0 1 0 b 0 1 0 c 0 1 0 YOU: 1 2 3 a 0 0 0 b 0 0 0 c 1 1 1 Enter rows letters and/or column numbers: 2c ** Well done! ** Used 2 moves.
Clojure
<lang clojure>(defn cols [board]
(mapv vec (apply map list board)))
(defn flipv [v]
(mapv #(if (> % 0) 0 1) v))
(defn flip-row [board n]
(assoc board n (flipv (get board n))))
(defn flip-col [board n]
(cols (flip-row (cols board) n)))
(defn play-rand [board n]
(if (= n 0)
board
(let [f (if (= (rand-int 2) 0) flip-row flip-col)]
(recur (f board (rand-int (count board))) (dec n)))))
(defn rand-binary-vec [size]
(vec (take size (repeatedly #(rand-int 2)))))
(defn rand-binary-board [size]
(vec (take size (repeatedly #(rand-binary-vec size)))))
(defn numbers->letters [coll]
(map #(char (+ 97 %)) coll))
(defn column-labels [size]
(apply str (interpose " " (numbers->letters (range size)))))
(defn print-board [board]
(let [size (count board)] (println "\t " (column-labels size)) (dotimes [n size] (println (inc n) "\t" (board n)))))
(defn key->move [key]
(let [start (int (first key))
row-value (try (Long/valueOf key) (catch NumberFormatException e))]
(cond
(<= 97 start 122) [:col (- start 97)]
(<= 65 start 90) [:col (- start 65)]
(> row-value 0) [:row (dec row-value)]
:else nil)))
(defn play-game [target-board current-board n]
(println "\nTurn " n)
(print-board current-board)
(if (= target-board current-board)
(println "You win!")
(let [move (key->move (read-line))
axis (first move)
idx (second move)]
(cond
(= axis :row) (play-game target-board (flip-row current-board idx) (inc n))
(= axis :col) (play-game target-board (flip-col current-board idx) (inc n))
:else (println "Quitting!")))))
(defn -main
"Flip the Bits Game!"
[& args]
(if-not (empty? args)
(let [target-board (rand-binary-board (Long/valueOf (first args)))]
(println "Target")
(print-board target-board)
(play-game target-board (play-rand target-board 3) 0))))</lang>
- Output:
Target
a b c
1 [1 0 1]
2 [0 1 1]
3 [0 1 1]
Turn 0
a b c
1 [1 0 1]
2 [0 1 1]
3 [1 0 0]
3
Turn 1
a b c
1 [1 0 1]
2 [0 1 1]
3 [0 1 1]
You win!
D
<lang d>import std.stdio, std.random, std.ascii, std.string, std.range,
std.algorithm, std.conv;
enum N = 3; // Board side. static assert(N <= lowercase.length); enum columnIDs = lowercase[0 .. N]; alias Board = ubyte[N][N];
void flipBits(ref Board board, in size_t count=1) {
foreach (immutable _; 0 .. count)
board[uniform(0, $)][uniform(0, $)] ^= 1;
}
void notRow(ref Board board, in size_t i) pure nothrow {
board[i][] ^= 1;
}
void notColumn(ref Board board, in size_t i) pure nothrow {
foreach (ref row; board)
row[i] ^= 1;
}
Board generateGameBoard(in ref Board target) {
// board is generated with many flips, to keep parity unchanged.
Board board = target;
while (board == target)
foreach (immutable _; 0 .. 2 * N)
[¬Row, ¬Column][uniform(0, 2)](board, uniform(0, N));
return board;
}
void show(in ref Board board, in string comment) {
comment.writeln;
writefln(" %-(%c %)", columnIDs);
foreach (immutable j, const row; board)
writefln(" %2d %-(%d %)", j + 1, row);
}
void main() {
"T prints the target, and Q exits.\n".writeln; // Create target and flip some of its bits randomly. Board target; flipBits(target, uniform(0, N) + 1); show(target, "Target configuration is:");
auto board = generateGameBoard(target);
immutable prompt = format(" 1-%d / %s-%s to flip, or T, Q: ",
N, columnIDs[0], columnIDs.back);
uint move = 1;
while (board != target) {
show(board, format("\nMove %d:", move));
prompt.write;
immutable ans = readln.strip;
if (ans.length == 1 && columnIDs.canFind(ans)) {
board.notColumn(columnIDs.countUntil(ans));
move++;
} else if (iota(1, N + 1).map!text.canFind(ans)) {
board.notRow(ans.to!uint - 1);
move++;
} else if (ans == "T") {
show(target, "Target configuration is:");
} else if (ans == "Q") {
return "Game stopped.".writeln;
} else
writefln(" Wrong input '%s'. Try again.\n", ans.take(9));
}
"\nWell done!".writeln;
}</lang>
- Output:
T prints the target, and Q exits.
Target configuration is:
a b c
1 1 1 1
2 0 0 0
3 0 0 0
Move 1:
a b c
1 1 0 0
2 1 0 0
3 1 0 0
1-3 / a-c to flip, or T, Q: a
Move 2:
a b c
1 0 0 0
2 0 0 0
3 0 0 0
1-3 / a-c to flip, or T, Q: 1
Well done!
Elixir
<lang elixir>defmodule Flip_game do
@az Enum.map(?a..?z, &List.to_string([&1]))
@in2i Enum.concat(Enum.map(1..26, fn i -> {to_string(i), i} end),
Enum.with_index(@az) |> Enum.map(fn {c,i} -> {c,-i-1} end))
|> Enum.into(Map.new)
def play(n) when n>2 do
target = generate_target(n)
display(n, "Target: ", target)
board = starting_config(n, target)
play(n, target, board, 1)
end
def play(n, target, board, moves) do
display(n, "Board: ", board)
ans = IO.gets("row/column to flip: ") |> String.strip |> String.downcase
new_board = case @in2i[ans] do
i when i in 1..n -> flip_row(n, board, i)
i when i in -1..-n -> flip_column(n, board, -i)
_ -> IO.puts "invalid input: #{ans}"
board
end
if target == new_board do
display(n, "Board: ", new_board)
IO.puts "You solved the game in #{moves} moves"
else
IO.puts ""
play(n, target, new_board, moves+1)
end
end
defp generate_target(n) do
for i <- 1..n, j <- 1..n, into: Map.new, do: {{i, j}, :rand.uniform(2)-1}
end
defp starting_config(n, target) do
Enum.concat(1..n, -1..-n)
|> Enum.take_random(n)
|> Enum.reduce(target, fn x,acc ->
if x>0, do: flip_row(n, acc, x),
else: flip_column(n, acc, -x)
end)
end
defp flip_row(n, board, row) do
Enum.reduce(1..n, board, fn col,acc ->
Map.update!(acc, {row,col}, fn bit -> 1 - bit end)
end)
end
defp flip_column(n, board, col) do
Enum.reduce(1..n, board, fn row,acc ->
Map.update!(acc, {row,col}, fn bit -> 1 - bit end)
end)
end
defp display(n, title, board) do
IO.puts title
IO.puts " #{Enum.join(Enum.take(@az,n), " ")}"
Enum.each(1..n, fn row ->
:io.fwrite "~2w ", [row]
IO.puts Enum.map_join(1..n, " ", fn col -> board[{row, col}] end)
end)
end
end
Flip_game.play(3)</lang>
- Output:
Target: a b c 1 1 0 1 2 0 1 1 3 0 1 1 Board: a b c 1 0 1 1 2 0 1 0 3 1 0 1 row/column to flip: 2 Board: a b c 1 0 1 1 2 1 0 1 3 1 0 1 row/column to flip: a Board: a b c 1 1 1 1 2 0 0 1 3 0 0 1 row/column to flip: b Board: a b c 1 1 0 1 2 0 1 1 3 0 1 1 You solved the game in 3 moves
FOCAL
<lang FOCAL>01.10 T "FLIP THE BITS"!"-------------"!!;S M=0 01.20 A "SIZE",N;I (N-2)1.2;I (8-N)1.2 01.30 F I=0,N*N-1;D 3.2;S G(I)=A;S B(I)=A 01.35 D 3.3;S L=FITR(A*5)*2+6;F K=0,L;D 3.1;S Z=A;D 3.2;D 4.4 01.40 S A=0;F I=0,N*N-1;S A=A+FABS(G(I)-B(I)) 01.42 T "MOVES",%3,M,!;S M=M+1 01.45 I (0-A)1.5;T !"YOU WIN!"!;Q 01.50 D 2 01.55 A "FLIP ROW (A) OR COLUMN (B)",A;S A=A-1;I (1-A)1.5 01.60 A "WHICH",Z;S Z=Z-1;I (N-A)1.6 01.65 D 4.4;G 1.4
02.10 T "--BOARD--";F A=1,N*2-5;T " " 02.14 T "--GOAL--"!" ";F A=0,N-1;T " ";D 5 02.15 T " ";F A=0,N-1;T " ";D 5 02.20 F R=0,N-1;S A=R;T !;D 2.4;T " ";D 2.5 02.30 T !!;R 02.40 D 5;F C=0,N-1;D 2.6 02.50 D 5;F C=0,N-1;D 2.7 02.60 I (B(R*N+C)-1)2.8;T " 1" 02.70 I (G(R*N+C)-1)2.8;T " 1" 02.80 T " 0"
03.10 D 3.3;S A=FITR(A*N) 03.20 D 3.3;S A=FITR(A+0.5) 03.30 S A=FABS(FRAN())*10;S A=A-FITR(A)
04.40 I (A-1)4.5,4.6 04.50 F I=0,N-1;S B(Z*N+I)=1-B(Z*N+I) 04.60 F I=0,N-1;S B(I*N+Z)=1-B(I*N+Z)
05.10 I (A-7)5.2;T "H";R 05.20 I (A-6)5.3;T "G";R 05.30 I (A-5)5.4;T "F";R 05.40 I (A-4)5.5;T "E";R 05.50 I (A-3)5.6;T "D";R 05.60 I (A-2)5.7;T "C";R 05.70 I (A-1)5.8;T "B";R 05.80 T "A"</lang>
- Output:
FLIP THE BITS ------------- SIZE:3 MOVES= 0 --BOARD-- --GOAL-- A B C A B C A 1 0 1 A 0 1 1 B 1 1 0 B 0 0 0 C 0 0 1 C 0 0 0 FLIP ROW (A) OR COLUMN (B):A WHICH:A MOVES= 1 --BOARD-- --GOAL-- A B C A B C A 0 1 0 A 0 1 1 B 1 1 0 B 0 0 0 C 0 0 1 C 0 0 0 FLIP ROW (A) OR COLUMN (B):A WHICH:B MOVES= 2 --BOARD-- --GOAL-- A B C A B C A 0 1 0 A 0 1 1 B 0 0 1 B 0 0 0 C 0 0 1 C 0 0 0 FLIP ROW (A) OR COLUMN (B):B WHICH:C MOVES= 3 YOU WIN!
Fortran
This version uses some routines (like rand(), srand() and date_and_time()) from the GNU Fortran compiler. Formats are used to print data on the screen in an appropriate manner. The number of rows (or columns) is a variable and the current implementation allows for any number between 1 and 10. Incorrect inputs are also verified.
<lang Fortran> !Implemented by Anant Dixit (October 2014) program flipping_bits implicit none character(len=*), parameter :: cfmt = "(A3)", ifmt = "(I3)" integer :: N, i, j, io, seed(8), moves, input logical, allocatable :: Brd(:,:), Trgt(:,:) logical :: solved double precision :: r
do
write(*,*) 'Enter the number of squares (between 1 and 10) you would like: ' read(*,*,iostat=io) N if(N.gt.0 .and. N.le.10 .and. io.eq.0) exit write(*,*) 'Please, an integer between 1 and 10'
end do
allocate(Brd(N,N),Trgt(N,N)) call date_and_time(values=seed) call srand(1000*seed(7)+seed(8)+60000*seed(6)) do i = 1,N
do j = 1,N
r = rand()
if(r.gt.0.5D0) then
Brd(i,j) = .TRUE.
Trgt(i,j) = .TRUE.
else
Brd(i,j) = .FALSE.
Trgt(i,j) = .FALSE.
end if
end do
end do ! Random moves taken by the program to `create' a target moves = N do i = 1,moves
r = 1+2.0D0*dble(N)*rand() - 1.0D-17 !Only to make sure that the number is between 1 and 2N (less than 2N-1)
if(floor(r).le.N) then
do j = 1,N
Trgt(floor(r),j) = .NOT.Trgt(floor(r),j)
end do
else
r = r-N
do j = 1,N
Trgt(j,floor(r)) = .NOT.Trgt(j,floor(r))
end do
end if
end do
!This part checks if the target and the starting configurations are same or not. do
input = N
call next_move(Brd,Trgt,N,input,solved)
call next_move(Brd,Trgt,N,input,solved)
if(solved) then
r = 1+2.0D0*dble(N)*rand() - 1.0D-17
if(floor(r).le.N) then
do j = 1,N
Trgt(floor(r),j) = .NOT.Trgt(floor(r),j)
end do
else
r = r-N
do j = 1,N
Trgt(j,floor(r)) = .NOT.Trgt(j,floor(r))
end do
end if
else
exit
end if
end do
write(*,*) 'Welcome to the Flipping Bits game!' write(*,*) 'You have the current position'
moves = 0 call display(Brd,Trgt,N) input = N do
write(*,*) 'Number of moves so far:', moves write(*,*) 'Select the column or row you wish to flip: ' read(*,*,iostat=io) input if(io.eq.0 .and. input.gt.0 .and. input.le.(2*N)) then moves = moves+1 write(*,*) 'Flipping ', input call next_move(Brd,Trgt,N,input,solved) call display(Brd,Trgt,N) if(solved) exit else write(*,*) 'Please enter a valid column or row number. To quit, press Ctrl+C!' end if
end do
write(*,*) 'Congratulations! You finished the game!' write(*,ifmt,advance='no') moves write(*,*) ' moves were taken by you!!' deallocate(Brd,Trgt) end program
subroutine display(Brd,Trgt,N) implicit none !arguments integer :: N logical :: Brd(N,N), Trgt(N,N) !local character(len=*), parameter :: cfmt = "(A3)", ifmt = "(I3)" integer :: i, j write(*,*) 'Current Configuration: ' do i = 0,N
if(i.eq.0) then write(*,cfmt,advance='no') 'R/C' write(*,cfmt,advance='no') ' | ' else write(*,ifmt,advance='no') i end if
end do write(*,*) do i = 0,N
if(i.eq.0) then
do j = 0,N+2
write(*,cfmt,advance='no') '---'
end do
else
write(*,ifmt,advance='no') i+N
write(*,cfmt,advance='no') ' | '
do j = 1,N
if(Brd(i,j)) then
write(*,ifmt,advance='no') 1
else
write(*,ifmt,advance='no') 0
end if
end do
end if
write(*,*)
end do
write(*,*) write(*,*)
write(*,*) 'Target Configuration' do i = 0,N
if(i.eq.0) then write(*,cfmt,advance='no') 'R/C' write(*,cfmt,advance='no') ' | ' else write(*,ifmt,advance='no') i end if
end do write(*,*) do i = 0,N
if(i.eq.0) then
do j = 0,N+2
write(*,cfmt,advance='no') '---'
end do
else
write(*,ifmt,advance='no') i+N
write(*,cfmt,advance='no') ' | '
do j = 1,N
if(Trgt(i,j)) then
write(*,ifmt,advance='no') 1
else
write(*,ifmt,advance='no') 0
end if
end do
end if
write(*,*)
end do write(*,*) write(*,*) end subroutine
subroutine next_move(Brd,Trgt,N,input,solved) implicit none !arguments integer :: N, input logical :: Brd(N,N), Trgt(N,N), solved !others integer :: i,j
if(input.gt.N) then
input = input-N do i = 1,N Brd(input,i) = .not.Brd(input,i) end do
else
do i = 1,N Brd(i,input) = .not.Brd(i,input) end do
end if solved = .TRUE. do i = 1,N
do j = 1,N
if( (.not.Brd(i,j).and.Trgt(i,j)) .or. (Brd(i,j).and..not.Trgt(i,j)) ) then
solved = .FALSE.
exit
end if
end do
if(.not.solved) exit
end do end subroutine </lang>
Example:
./flipping_bits Enter the number of squares (between 1 and 10) you would like: 3 Welcome to the Flipping Bits game! You have the current position Current Configuration: R/C | 1 2 3 ------------ 4 | 1 0 0 5 | 1 1 0 6 | 0 0 0 Target Configuration R/C | 1 2 3 ------------ 4 | 1 1 1 5 | 1 0 1 6 | 1 0 0 Select the column or row you wish to flip: 2 Current Configuration: R/C | 1 2 3 ------------ 4 | 1 1 0 5 | 1 0 0 6 | 0 1 0 Target Configuration R/C | 1 2 3 ------------ 4 | 1 1 1 5 | 1 0 1 6 | 1 0 0 Select the column or row you wish to flip: 3 Current Configuration: R/C | 1 2 3 ------------ 4 | 1 1 1 5 | 1 0 1 6 | 0 1 1 Target Configuration R/C | 1 2 3 ------------ 4 | 1 1 1 5 | 1 0 1 6 | 1 0 0 Select the column or row you wish to flip: 6 Current Configuration: R/C | 1 2 3 ------------ 4 | 1 1 1 5 | 1 0 1 6 | 1 0 0 Target Configuration R/C | 1 2 3 ------------ 4 | 1 1 1 5 | 1 0 1 6 | 1 0 0 Congratulations! You finished the game! 3 moves were taken by you!!
Go
<lang go>package main
import ( "fmt" "math/rand" "time" )
func main() {
rand.Seed(time.Now().UnixNano())
var n int = 3 // Change to define board size var moves int = 0
a := make([][]int, n) for i := range a { a[i] = make([]int, n) for j := range a { a[i][j] = rand.Intn(2) } }
b := make([][]int, len(a))
for i := range a { b[i] = make([]int, len(a[i])) copy(b[i], a[i]) }
for i := rand.Intn(100); i > 0 || compareSlices(a, b) == true; i-- { b = flipCol(b, rand.Intn(n) + 1) b = flipRow(b, rand.Intn(n) + 1) }
fmt.Println("Target:") drawBoard(a) fmt.Println("\nBoard:") drawBoard(b)
var rc rune var num int
for { for{ fmt.Printf("\nFlip row (r) or column (c) 1 .. %d (c1, ...): ", n) _, err := fmt.Scanf("%c%d", &rc, &num) if err != nil { fmt.Println(err) continue } if num < 1 || num > n { fmt.Println("Wrong command!") continue } break }
switch rc { case 'c': fmt.Printf("Column %v will be flipped\n", num) flipCol(b, num) case 'r': fmt.Printf("Row %v will be flipped\n", num) flipRow(b, num) default: fmt.Println("Wrong command!") continue }
moves++ fmt.Println("\nMoves taken: ", moves)
fmt.Println("Target:") drawBoard(a) fmt.Println("\nBoard:") drawBoard(b)
if compareSlices(a, b) { fmt.Printf("Finished. You win with %d moves!\n", moves) break } } }
func drawBoard (m [][]int) { fmt.Print(" ") for i := range m { fmt.Printf("%d ", i+1) } for i := range m { fmt.Println() fmt.Printf("%d ", i+1) for _, val := range m[i] { fmt.Printf(" %d", val) } } fmt.Print("\n") }
func flipRow(m [][]int, row int) ([][]int) { for j := range m { m[row-1][j] ^= 1 } return m }
func flipCol(m [][]int, col int) ([][]int) { for j := range m { m[j][col-1] ^= 1 } return m }
func compareSlices(m [][]int, n[][]int) bool { o := true for i := range m { for j := range m { if m[i][j] != n[i][j] { o = false } } } return o }</lang>
- Output:
Target: 1 2 3 1 0 1 1 2 0 1 1 3 1 1 1 Board: 1 2 3 1 1 0 0 2 1 0 0 3 1 1 1 Flip row (r) or column (c) 1 .. 3 (c1, ...): r1 Row 1 will be flipped Moves taken: 1 Target: 1 2 3 1 0 1 1 2 0 1 1 3 1 1 1 Board: 1 2 3 1 0 1 1 2 1 0 0 3 1 1 1 Flip row (r) or column (c) 1 .. 3 (c1, ...): r2 Row 2 will be flipped Moves taken: 2 Target: 1 2 3 1 0 1 1 2 0 1 1 3 1 1 1 Board: 1 2 3 1 0 1 1 2 0 1 1 3 1 1 1 Finished. You win with 2 moves!
Haskell
Maximum game size is 9x9 because the array indices are the characters 1 until 9. <lang Haskell>import Data.List (intersperse)
import System.Random (randomRIO)
import Data.Array (Array, (!), (//), array, bounds)
import Control.Monad (zipWithM_, replicateM, foldM, when)
type Board = Array (Char, Char) Int
flp :: Int -> Int flp 0 = 1 flp 1 = 0
numRows, numCols :: Board -> String numRows t =
let ((a, _), (b, _)) = bounds t in [a .. b]
numCols t =
let ((_, a), (_, b)) = bounds t in [a .. b]
flipRow, flipCol :: Board -> Char -> Board flipRow t r =
let e =
[ (ix, flp (t ! ix))
| ix <- zip (repeat r) (numCols t) ]
in t // e
flipCol t c =
let e =
[ (ix, flp (t ! ix))
| ix <- zip (numRows t) (repeat c) ]
in t // e
printBoard :: Board -> IO () printBoard t = do
let rows = numRows t
cols = numCols t
f 0 = '0'
f 1 = '1'
p r xs = putStrLn $ [r, ' '] ++ intersperse ' ' (map f xs)
putStrLn $ " " ++ intersperse ' ' cols
zipWithM_
p
rows
[ [ t ! (y, x)
| x <- cols ]
| y <- rows ]
-- create a random goal board, and flip rows and columns randomly -- to get a starting board setupGame :: Char -> Char -> IO (Board, Board) setupGame sizey sizex
-- random cell value at (row, col)
= do
let mk rc = (\v -> (rc, v)) <$> randomRIO (0, 1)
rows = ['a' .. sizey]
cols = ['1' .. sizex]
goal <-
array (('a', '1'), (sizey, sizex)) <$>
mapM
mk
[ (r, c)
| r <- rows
, c <- cols ]
start <-
do let change :: Board -> Int -> IO Board
-- flip random row
change t 0 = flipRow t <$> randomRIO ('a', sizey)
-- flip random col
change t 1 = flipCol t <$> randomRIO ('1', sizex)
numMoves <- randomRIO (3, 15) -- how many flips (3 - 15)
-- determine if rows or cols are flipped
moves <- replicateM numMoves $ randomRIO (0, 1)
-- make changes and get a starting board
foldM change goal moves
if goal /= start -- check if boards are different
then return (goal, start) -- all ok, return both boards
else setupGame sizey sizex -- try again
main :: IO () main = do
putStrLn "Select a board size (1 - 9).\nPress any other key to exit."
sizec <- getChar
when (sizec `elem` ['1' .. '9']) $
do let size = read [sizec] - 1
(g, s) <- setupGame (['a' ..] !! size) (['1' ..] !! size)
turns g s 0
where
turns goal current moves = do
putStrLn "\nGoal:"
printBoard goal
putStrLn "\nBoard:"
printBoard current
when (moves > 0) $
putStrLn $ "\nYou've made " ++ show moves ++ " moves so far."
putStrLn $
"\nFlip a row (" ++
numRows current ++ ") or a column (" ++ numCols current ++ ")"
v <- getChar
if v `elem` numRows current
then check $ flipRow current v
else if v `elem` numCols current
then check $ flipCol current v
else tryAgain
where
check t =
if t == goal
then putStrLn $ "\nYou've won in " ++ show (moves + 1) ++ " moves!"
else turns goal t (moves + 1)
tryAgain = do
putStrLn ": Invalid row or column."
turns goal current moves</lang>
- Output:
Select a board size (1 - 9). Press any other key to exit. 3 Goal: 1 2 3 a 1 1 0 b 1 0 0 c 0 0 0 Board: 1 2 3 a 1 0 0 b 1 1 0 c 1 0 1 Flip a row (abc) or a column (123) 2 Goal: 1 2 3 a 1 1 0 b 1 0 0 c 0 0 0 Board: 1 2 3 a 1 1 0 b 1 0 0 c 1 1 1 You've made 1 moves so far. Flip a row (abc) or a column (123) c You've won in 2 moves!
J
Using J's command line as the game ui:
<lang J>start=:3 :0
Moves=:0 N=:i.y Board=: ?2$~,~y 'fr fc'=. (2,y)$}.#:(+?&.<:@<:)2x^2*y End=: fr~:fc~:"1 Board Board;End
)
abc=:'abcdefghij' move=:3 :0
fc=. N e.abc i. y ([-.-.)abc
fr=. N e._-.~_ "."0 abc-.~":y
Board=: fr~:fc~:"1 Board
smoutput (":Moves=:Moves++/fr,fc),' moves'
if. Board-:End do.
'yes'
else.
Board;End
end.
)</lang>
Example:
<lang J> start 3 ┌─────┬─────┐ │1 1 1│1 0 1│ │1 1 0│0 1 1│ │1 0 0│0 0 1│ └─────┴─────┘
move 'b2'
2 moves ┌─────┬─────┐ │1 0 1│1 0 1│ │1 0 0│0 1 1│ │0 0 1│0 0 1│ └─────┴─────┘
move '1'
3 moves yes</lang>
Note that any size game may be generated but this version only recognizes column flips for the first ten columns.
Java
<lang java>import java.awt.*; import java.awt.event.*; import java.util.*; import javax.swing.*;
public class FlippingBitsGame extends JPanel {
final int maxLevel = 7; final int minLevel = 3;
private Random rand = new Random(); private int[][] grid, target; private Rectangle box; private int n = maxLevel; private boolean solved = true;
FlippingBitsGame() {
setPreferredSize(new Dimension(640, 640));
setBackground(Color.white);
setFont(new Font("SansSerif", Font.PLAIN, 18));
box = new Rectangle(120, 90, 400, 400);
startNewGame();
addMouseListener(new MouseAdapter() {
@Override
public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e) {
if (solved) {
startNewGame();
} else {
int x = e.getX();
int y = e.getY();
if (box.contains(x, y))
return;
if (x > box.x && x < box.x + box.width) {
flipCol((x - box.x) / (box.width / n));
} else if (y > box.y && y < box.y + box.height)
flipRow((y - box.y) / (box.height / n));
if (solved(grid, target))
solved = true;
printGrid(solved ? "Solved!" : "The board", grid);
}
repaint();
}
});
}
void startNewGame() {
if (solved) {
n = (n == maxLevel) ? minLevel : n + 1;
grid = new int[n][n];
target = new int[n][n];
do {
shuffle();
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
target[i] = Arrays.copyOf(grid[i], n);
shuffle();
} while (solved(grid, target));
solved = false;
printGrid("The target", target);
printGrid("The board", grid);
}
}
void printGrid(String msg, int[][] g) {
System.out.println(msg);
for (int[] row : g)
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(row));
System.out.println();
}
boolean solved(int[][] a, int[][] b) {
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
if (!Arrays.equals(a[i], b[i]))
return false;
return true;
}
void shuffle() {
for (int i = 0; i < n * n; i++) {
if (rand.nextBoolean())
flipRow(rand.nextInt(n));
else
flipCol(rand.nextInt(n));
}
}
void flipRow(int r) {
for (int c = 0; c < n; c++) {
grid[r][c] ^= 1;
}
}
void flipCol(int c) {
for (int[] row : grid) {
row[c] ^= 1;
}
}
void drawGrid(Graphics2D g) {
g.setColor(getForeground());
if (solved)
g.drawString("Solved! Click here to play again.", 180, 600);
else
g.drawString("Click next to a row or a column to flip.", 170, 600);
int size = box.width / n;
for (int r = 0; r < n; r++)
for (int c = 0; c < n; c++) {
g.setColor(grid[r][c] == 1 ? Color.blue : Color.orange);
g.fillRect(box.x + c * size, box.y + r * size, size, size);
g.setColor(getBackground());
g.drawRect(box.x + c * size, box.y + r * size, size, size);
g.setColor(target[r][c] == 1 ? Color.blue : Color.orange);
g.fillRect(7 + box.x + c * size, 7 + box.y + r * size, 10, 10);
}
}
@Override
public void paintComponent(Graphics gg) {
super.paintComponent(gg);
Graphics2D g = (Graphics2D) gg;
g.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_ANTIALIASING,
RenderingHints.VALUE_ANTIALIAS_ON);
drawGrid(g); }
public static void main(String[] args) {
SwingUtilities.invokeLater(() -> {
JFrame f = new JFrame();
f.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
f.setTitle("Flipping Bits Game");
f.setResizable(false);
f.add(new FlippingBitsGame(), BorderLayout.CENTER);
f.pack();
f.setLocationRelativeTo(null);
f.setVisible(true);
});
}
}</lang>
The target [0, 1, 0] [0, 1, 0] [0, 1, 0] The board [0, 1, 1] [0, 1, 1] [0, 1, 1] Solved! [0, 1, 0] [0, 1, 0] [0, 1, 0]
JavaScript
<lang JavaScript>function numOfRows(board) { return board.length; } function numOfCols(board) { return board[0].length; } function boardToString(board) {
// First the top-header
var header = ' ';
for (var c = 0; c < numOfCols(board); c++)
header += c + ' ';
// Then the side-header + board
var sideboard = [];
for (var r = 0; r < numOfRows(board); r++) {
sideboard.push(r + ' [' + board[r].join(' ') + ']');
}
return header + '\n' + sideboard.join('\n');
} function flipRow(board, row) {
for (var c = 0; c < numOfCols(board); c++) {
board[row][c] = 1 - board[row][c];
}
} function flipCol(board, col) {
for (var r = 0; r < numOfRows(board); r++) {
board[r][col] = 1 - board[r][col];
}
}
function playFlippingBitsGame(rows, cols) {
rows = rows | 3;
cols = cols | 3;
var targetBoard = [];
var manipulatedBoard = [];
// Randomly generate two identical boards.
for (var r = 0; r < rows; r++) {
targetBoard.push([]);
manipulatedBoard.push([]);
for (var c = 0; c < cols; c++) {
targetBoard[r].push(Math.floor(Math.random() * 2));
manipulatedBoard[r].push(targetBoard[r][c]);
}
}
// Naive-scramble one of the boards.
while (boardToString(targetBoard) == boardToString(manipulatedBoard)) {
var scrambles = rows * cols;
while (scrambles-- > 0) {
if (0 == Math.floor(Math.random() * 2)) {
flipRow(manipulatedBoard, Math.floor(Math.random() * rows));
}
else {
flipCol(manipulatedBoard, Math.floor(Math.random() * cols));
}
}
}
// Get the user to solve.
alert(
'Try to match both boards.\n' +
'Enter `r<num>` or `c<num>` to manipulate a row or col or enter `q` to quit.'
);
var input = , letter, num, moves = 0;
while (boardToString(targetBoard) != boardToString(manipulatedBoard) && input != 'q') {
input = prompt(
'Target:\n' + boardToString(targetBoard) +
'\n\n\n' +
'Board:\n' + boardToString(manipulatedBoard)
);
try {
letter = input.charAt(0);
num = parseInt(input.slice(1));
if (letter == 'q')
break;
if (isNaN(num)
|| (letter != 'r' && letter != 'c')
|| (letter == 'r' && num >= rows)
|| (letter == 'c' && num >= cols)
) {
throw new Error();
}
if (letter == 'r') {
flipRow(manipulatedBoard, num);
}
else {
flipCol(manipulatedBoard, num);
}
moves++;
}
catch(e) {
alert('Uh-oh, there seems to have been an input error');
}
}
if (input == 'q') {
alert('~~ Thanks for playing ~~');
}
else {
alert('Completed in ' + moves + ' moves.');
}
}</lang>
Try to match both boards. Enter `r<num>` or `c<num>` to manipulate a row or col or enter `q` to quit. Target: 0 1 2 0 [0 1 1] 1 [1 0 0] 2 [1 0 1] Board: 0 1 2 0 [0 0 0] 1 [1 1 1] 2 [0 0 1] r2 Target: 0 1 2 0 [0 1 1] 1 [1 0 0] 2 [1 0 1] Board: 0 1 2 0 [0 0 0] 1 [0 0 0] 2 [0 0 1] c0 Target: 0 1 2 0 [0 1 1] 1 [1 0 0] 2 [1 0 1] Board: 0 1 2 0 [1 0 0] 1 [1 0 0] 2 [1 0 1] r0 Completed in 3 moves.
Julia
<lang julia>module FlippingBitsGame
using Printf, Random import Base.size, Base.show, Base.==
struct Configuration
M::BitMatrix
end
Base.size(c::Configuration) = size(c.M) function Base.show(io::IO, conf::Configuration)
M = conf.M
nrow, ncol = size(M)
print(io, " " ^ 3)
for c in 1:ncol
@printf(io, "%3i", c)
end
println(io, "\n", " " ^ 4, "-" ^ 3ncol)
for r in 1:nrow
@printf(io, "%2i |", r)
for c in 1:ncol
@printf(io, "%2c ", ifelse(M[r, c], 'T', 'F'))
end
println(io)
end
return nothing
end Base.:(==)(a::Configuration, b::Configuration) = a.M == b.M
struct Index{D}
i::Int
end const ColIndex = Index{:C} const RowIndex = Index{:R}
function flipbits!(conf::Configuration, c::ColIndex)
col = @view conf.M[:, c.i] @. col = !col return conf
end function flipbits!(conf::Configuration, r::RowIndex)
row = @view conf.M[r.i, :] @. row = !row return conf
end
randomconfig(nrow::Integer, ncol::Integer) = Configuration(bitrand(nrow, ncol))
function randommoves!(conf::Configuration, nflips::Integer)
nrow, ncol = size(conf)
for _ in Base.OneTo(nflips)
if rand() < 0.5
flipbits!(conf, ColIndex(rand(1:ncol)))
else
flipbits!(conf, RowIndex(rand(1:nrow)))
end
end
return conf
end
function play()
nrow::Int, ncol::Int = 0, 0
while nrow < 2 || ncol < 2
print("Insert the size of the matrix (nrow [> 1] *space* ncol [> 1]):")
nrow, ncol = parse.(Int, split(readline()))
end
mat = randomconfig(nrow, ncol)
obj = deepcopy(mat)
randommoves!(obj, 100)
nflips = 0
while mat != obj
println("\n", nflips, " flips until now.")
println("Current configuration:")
println(mat)
println("Objective configuration:")
println(obj)
print("Insert R[ind] to flip row, C[ind] to flip a column, Q to quit: ")
line = readline()
input = match(r"([qrc])(\d+)"i, line)
if input ≢ nothing && all(input.captures .≢ nothing)
dim = Symbol(uppercase(input.captures[1]))
ind = Index{dim}(parse(Int, input.captures[2]))
flipbits!(mat, ind)
nflips += 1
elseif occursin("q", line)
println("\nSEE YOU SOON!")
return
else
println("\nINPUT NOT VALID, RETRY!\n")
end
end
println("\nSUCCED! In ", nflips, " flips.")
println(mat)
return
end
end # module FlippingBitsGame
using .FlippingBitsGame
FlippingBitsGame.play()
</lang>
- Output:
Insert the size of the matrix (nrow [> 1] *space* ncol [> 1]):3 3
0 flips until now.
Current configuration:
1 2 3
---------
1 | F F F
2 | T F T
3 | F F T
Objective configuration:
1 2 3
---------
1 | F F T
2 | F T T
3 | F F F
Insert R[ind] to flip row, C[ind] to flip a column, Q to quit: c3
1 flips until now.
Current configuration:
1 2 3
---------
1 | F F T
2 | T F F
3 | F F F
Objective configuration:
1 2 3
---------
1 | F F T
2 | F T T
3 | F F F
Insert R[ind] to flip row, C[ind] to flip a column, Q to quit: r2
SUCCED! In 2 flips.
1 2 3
---------
1 | F F T
2 | F T T
3 | F F F
Kotlin
<lang scala>// version 1.1.3
import java.util.Random
val rand = Random() val target = Array(3) { IntArray(3) { rand.nextInt(2) } } val board = Array(3) { IntArray(3) }
fun flipRow(r: Int) {
for (c in 0..2) board[r][c] = if (board[r][c] == 0) 1 else 0
}
fun flipCol(c: Int) {
for (r in 0..2) board[r][c] = if (board[r][c] == 0) 1 else 0
}
/** starting from the target we make 9 random row or column flips */ fun initBoard() {
for (i in 0..2) {
for (j in 0..2) board[i][j] = target[i][j]
}
repeat(9) {
val rc = rand.nextInt(2)
if (rc == 0)
flipRow(rand.nextInt(3))
else
flipCol(rand.nextInt(3))
}
}
fun printBoard(label: String, isTarget: Boolean = false) {
val a = if (isTarget) target else board
println("$label:")
println(" | a b c")
println("---------")
for (r in 0..2) {
print("${r + 1} |")
for (c in 0..2) print(" ${a[r][c]}")
println()
}
println()
}
fun gameOver(): Boolean {
for (r in 0..2) {
for (c in 0..2) if (board[r][c] != target[r][c]) return false
}
return true
}
fun main(args: Array<String>) {
// initialize board and ensure it differs from the target i.e. game not already over!
do {
initBoard()
}
while(gameOver())
printBoard("TARGET", true)
printBoard("OPENING BOARD")
var flips = 0
do {
var isRow = true
var n = -1
do {
print("Enter row number or column letter to be flipped: ")
val input = readLine()!!
val ch = if (input.isNotEmpty()) input[0].toLowerCase() else '0'
if (ch !in "123abc") {
println("Must be 1, 2, 3, a, b or c")
continue
}
if (ch in '1'..'3') {
n = ch.toInt() - 49
}
else {
isRow = false
n = ch.toInt() - 97
}
}
while (n == -1)
flips++
if (isRow) flipRow(n) else flipCol(n)
val plural = if (flips == 1) "" else "S"
printBoard("\nBOARD AFTER $flips FLIP$plural")
}
while (!gameOver())
val plural = if (flips == 1) "" else "s"
println("You've succeeded in $flips flip$plural")
}</lang>
- Output:
A sample game:
TARGET: | a b c --------- 1 | 0 1 0 2 | 0 1 0 3 | 1 1 1 OPENING BOARD: | a b c --------- 1 | 1 0 0 2 | 0 1 1 3 | 0 0 1 Enter row number or column letter to be flipped: 1 BOARD AFTER 1 FLIP: | a b c --------- 1 | 0 1 1 2 | 0 1 1 3 | 0 0 1 Enter row number or column letter to be flipped: 3 BOARD AFTER 2 FLIPS: | a b c --------- 1 | 0 1 1 2 | 0 1 1 3 | 1 1 0 Enter row number or column letter to be flipped: c BOARD AFTER 3 FLIPS: | a b c --------- 1 | 0 1 0 2 | 0 1 0 3 | 1 1 1 You've succeeded in 3 flips!
Lua
<lang lua> target, board, moves, W, H = {}, {}, 0, 3, 3
function getIndex( i, j ) return i + j * W - W end
function flip( d, r )
function invert( a ) if a == 1 then return 0 end return 1 end
local idx
if d == 1 then
for i = 1, W do
idx = getIndex( i, r )
board[idx] = invert( board[idx] )
end
else
for i = 1, H do
idx = getIndex( r, i )
board[idx] = invert( board[idx] )
end
end
moves = moves + 1
end function createTarget()
target, board = {}, {}
local idx
for j = 1, H do
for i = 1, W do
idx = getIndex( i, j )
if math.random() < .5 then target[idx] = 0
else target[idx] = 1
end
board[idx] = target[idx]
end
end
for i = 1, 103 do
if math.random() < .5 then flip( 1, math.random( H ) )
else flip( 2, math.random( W ) )
end
end
moves = 0
end function getUserInput()
io.write( "Input row and/or column: " ); local r = io.read()
local a
for i = 1, #r do
a = string.byte( r:sub( i, i ):lower() )
if a >= 48 and a <= 57 then flip( 2, a - 48 ) end
if a >= 97 and a <= string.byte( 'z' ) then flip( 1, a - 96 ) end
end
end function solved()
local idx
for j = 1, H do
for i = 1, W do
idx = getIndex( i, j )
if target[idx] ~= board[idx] then return false end
end
end
return true
end function display()
local idx
io.write( "\nTARGET\n " )
for i = 1, W do io.write( string.format( "%d ", i ) ) end; print()
for j = 1, H do
io.write( string.format( "%s ", string.char( 96 + j ) ) )
for i = 1, W do
idx = getIndex( i, j )
io.write( string.format( "%d ", target[idx] ) )
end; io.write( "\n" )
end
io.write( "\nBOARD\n " )
for i = 1, W do io.write( string.format( "%d ", i ) ) end; print()
for j = 1, H do
io.write( string.format( "%s ", string.char( 96 + j ) ) )
for i = 1, W do
idx = getIndex( i, j )
io.write( string.format( "%d ", board[idx] ) )
end; io.write( "\n" )
end
io.write( string.format( "Moves: %d\n", moves ) )
end function play()
while true do
createTarget()
repeat
display()
getUserInput()
until solved()
display()
io.write( "Very well!\nPlay again(Y/N)? " );
if io.read():lower() ~= "y" then return end
end
end --entry point-- math.randomseed( os.time() ) play() </lang>
- Output:
TARGET 1 2 3 a 0 0 0 b 0 0 0 c 1 0 0 BOARD 1 2 3 a 1 1 0 b 0 0 1 c 0 1 0 Moves: 0 Input row and/or column: 3ac TARGET 1 2 3 a 0 0 0 b 0 0 0 c 1 0 0 BOARD 1 2 3 a 0 0 0 b 0 0 0 c 1 0 0 Moves: 3 Very well! Play again(Y/N)?
Maple
Click here to play this game online. <lang maple>FlippingBits := module() export ModuleApply; local gameSetup, flip, printGrid, checkInput; local board;
gameSetup := proc(n) local r, c, i, toFlip, target; randomize(): target := Array( 1..n, 1..n, rand(0..1) ); board := copy(target); for i to rand(3..9)() do toFlip := [0, 0]; toFlip[1] := StringTools[Random](1, "rc"); toFlip[2] := convert(rand(1..n)(), string); flip(toFlip); end do; return target; end proc;
flip := proc(line) local i, lineNum; lineNum := parse(op(line[2..-1])); for i to upperbound(board)[1] do if line[1] = "R" then board[lineNum, i] := `if`(board[lineNum, i] = 0, 1, 0); else board[i, lineNum] := `if`(board[i, lineNum] = 0, 1, 0); end if; end do; return NULL; end proc;
printGrid := proc(grid) local r, c; for r to upperbound(board)[1] do for c to upperbound(board)[1] do printf("%a ", grid[r, c]); end do; printf("\n"); end do; printf("\n"); return NULL; end proc;
checkInput := proc(input) try if input[1] = "" then return false, ""; elif not input[1] = "R" and not input[1] = "C" then return false, "Please start with 'r' or 'c'."; elif not type(parse(op(input[2..-1])), posint) then error; elif parse(op(input[2..-1])) < 1 or parse(op(input[2..-1])) > upperbound(board)[1] then return false, "Row or column number too large or too small."; end if; catch: return false, "Please indicate a row or column number." end try; return true, ""; end proc;
ModuleApply := proc(n) local gameOver, toFlip, target, answer, restart; restart := true; while restart do target := gameSetup(n); while ArrayTools[IsEqual](target, board) do target := gameSetup(n); end do; gameOver := false; while not gameOver do printf("The Target:\n"); printGrid(target); printf("The Board:\n"); printGrid(board); if ArrayTools[IsEqual](target, board) then printf("You win!! Press enter to play again or type END to quit.\n\n"); answer := StringTools[UpperCase](readline()); gameOver := true; if answer = "END" then restart := false end if; else toFlip := ["", ""]; while not checkInput(toFlip)[1] and not gameOver do ifelse (not op(checkInput(toFlip)[2..-1]) = "", printf("%s\n\n", op(checkInput(toFlip)[2..-1])), NULL); printf("Please enter a row or column to flip. (ex: r1 or c2) Press enter for a new game or type END to quit.\n\n"); answer := StringTools[UpperCase](readline()); if answer = "END" or answer = "" then gameOver := true; if answer = "END" then restart := false; end if; end if; toFlip := [substring(answer, 1), substring(answer, 2..-1)]; end do; if not gameOver then flip(toFlip); end if; end if; end do; end do; printf("Game Over!\n"); end proc; end module:
FlippingBits(3);</lang>
- Output:
The Target: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 The Board: 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 Please enter a row or column to flip. (ex: r1 or c2) Press enter for a new game or type END to quit. The Target: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 The Board: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 You win!! Press enter to play again or type END to quit.
MATLAB
Size can be passed in as an argument or entered after a prompt. <lang MATLAB>function FlippingBitsGame(n) % Play the flipping bits game on an n x n array
% Generate random target array
fprintf('Welcome to the Flipping Bits Game!\n')
if nargin < 1
n = input('What dimension array should we use? ');
end
Tar = logical(randi([0 1], n));
% Generate starting array by randomly flipping rows or columns
Cur = Tar;
while all(Cur(:) == Tar(:))
nFlips = randi([3*n max(10*n, 100)]);
randDim = randi([0 1], nFlips, 1);
randIdx = randi([1 n], nFlips, 1);
for k = 1:nFlips
if randDim(k)
Cur(randIdx(k), :) = ~Cur(randIdx(k), :);
else
Cur(:, randIdx(k)) = ~Cur(:, randIdx(k));
end
end
end
% Print rules
fprintf('Given a %d x %d logical array,\n', n, n)
fprintf('and a target array configuration,\n')
fprintf('attempt to transform the array to the target\n')
fprintf('by inverting the bits in a whole row or column\n')
fprintf('at once in as few moves as possible.\n')
fprintf('Enter the corresponding letter to invert a column,\n')
fprintf('or the corresponding number to invert a row.\n')
fprintf('0 will reprint the target array, and no entry quits.\n\n')
fprintf('Target:\n')
PrintArray(Tar)
% Play until player wins or quits
move = true;
nMoves = 0;
while ~isempty(move) && any(Cur(:) ~= Tar(:))
fprintf('Move %d:\n', nMoves)
PrintArray(Cur)
move = lower(input('Enter move: ', 's'));
if length(move) > 1
fprintf('Invalid move, try again\n')
elseif move
r = str2double(move);
if isnan(r)
c = move-96;
if c > n || c < 1
fprintf('Invalid move, try again\n')
else
Cur(:, c) = ~Cur(:, c);
nMoves = nMoves+1;
end
else
if r > n || r < 0
fprintf('Invalid move, try again\n')
elseif r == 0
fprintf('Target:\n')
PrintArray(Tar)
else
Cur(r, :) = ~Cur(r, :);
nMoves = nMoves+1;
end
end
end
end
if all(Cur(:) == Tar(:))
fprintf('You win in %d moves! Try not to flip out!\n', nMoves)
else
fprintf('Quitting? The challenge a bit much for you?\n')
end
end
function PrintArray(A)
[nRows, nCols] = size(A);
fprintf(' ')
fprintf(' %c', (1:nCols)+96)
fprintf('\n')
for r = 1:nRows
fprintf('%8d%s\n', r, sprintf(' %d', A(r, :)))
end
fprintf('\n')
end</lang>
- Output:
Normal play and winning:
Welcome to the Flipping Bits Game!
What dimension array should we use? 3
Given a 3 x 3 logical array,
and a target array configuration,
attempt to transform the array to the target
by inverting the bits in a whole row or column
at once in as few moves as possible.
Enter the corresponding letter to invert a column,
or the corresponding number to invert a row.
0 will reprint the target array, and no entry quits.
Target:
a b c
1 0 0 0
2 0 1 0
3 0 0 0
Move 0:
a b c
1 1 1 1
2 1 0 1
3 1 1 1
Enter move: a
Move 1:
a b c
1 0 1 1
2 0 0 1
3 0 1 1
Enter move: b
Move 2:
a b c
1 0 0 1
2 0 1 1
3 0 0 1
Enter move: c
You win in 3 moves! Try not to flip out!
Bad input, reprinting target, and quitting:
Welcome to the Flipping Bits Game!
What dimension array should we use? 3
Given a 3 x 3 logical array,
and a target array configuration,
attempt to transform the array to the target
by inverting the bits in a whole row or column
at once in as few moves as possible.
Enter the corresponding letter to invert a column,
or the corresponding number to invert a row.
0 will reprint the target array, and no entry quits.
Target:
a b c
1 0 0 1
2 1 0 0
3 1 0 0
Move 0:
a b c
1 0 0 0
2 0 1 0
3 0 1 0
Enter move: a
Move 1:
a b c
1 1 0 0
2 1 1 0
3 1 1 0
Enter move: b
Move 2:
a b c
1 1 1 0
2 1 0 0
3 1 0 0
Enter move: 0
Target:
a b c
1 0 0 1
2 1 0 0
3 1 0 0
Move 2:
a b c
1 1 1 0
2 1 0 0
3 1 0 0
Enter move: hello
Invalid move, try again
Move 2:
a b c
1 1 1 0
2 1 0 0
3 1 0 0
Enter move: d
Invalid move, try again
Move 2:
a b c
1 1 1 0
2 1 0 0
3 1 0 0
Enter move: 4
Invalid move, try again
Move 2:
a b c
1 1 1 0
2 1 0 0
3 1 0 0
Enter move:
Quitting? The challenge a bit much for you?
MiniScript
<lang MiniScript>// Flipping Bits game. // Transform a start grid to an end grid by flipping rows or columns.
size = 3
board = [] goal = [] for i in range(1,size)
row = []
for j in range(1,size)
row.push (rnd > 0.5)
end for
board.push row
goal.push row[0:]
end for
flipRow = function(n)
for j in range(0, size-1)
board[n-1][j] = not board[n-1][j]
end for
end function
flipCol = function(n)
for i in range(0, size-1)
board[i][n-1] = not board[i][n-1]
end for
end function
flipAny = function(s)
s = s[0].upper if s >= "A" then flipCol s.code - 64 else flipRow val(s)
end function
for scramble in range(20)
if rnd < 0.5 then flipRow ceil(rnd*size) else flipCol ceil(rnd*size)
end for
solved = function()
for i in range(0, size-1)
for j in range(0, size-1)
if board[i][j] != goal[i][j] then return false
end for
end for
return true
end function
moveCount = 0 while true
print " CURRENT:" + " "*(4+size*3) + "GOAL:"
for i in range(1,size)
s = i + " " + str(board[i-1])
s = s + " "*(3+size*3) + str(goal[i-1])
print s
end for
s = " "
for i in range(1,size)
s = s + char(64+i) + " "
end for
print s
if solved then break
moveCount = moveCount + 1
inp = input("Move " + moveCount + "? ")
flipAny(inp)
end while print "You did it!"</lang>
- Output:
CURRENT: GOAL: 1 [0, 0, 0] [0, 1, 1] 2 [1, 0, 1] [1, 1, 0] 3 [1, 1, 0] [0, 1, 0] A B C Move 1? 1 CURRENT: GOAL: 1 [1, 1, 1] [0, 1, 1] 2 [1, 0, 1] [1, 1, 0] 3 [1, 1, 0] [0, 1, 0] A B C Move 2? a CURRENT: GOAL: 1 [0, 1, 1] [0, 1, 1] 2 [0, 0, 1] [1, 1, 0] 3 [0, 1, 0] [0, 1, 0] A B C Move 3? 2 CURRENT: GOAL: 1 [0, 1, 1] [0, 1, 1] 2 [1, 1, 0] [1, 1, 0] 3 [0, 1, 0] [0, 1, 0] A B C You did it!
Nim
Translation of Kotlin program with some modifications.
<lang Nim>import random, strformat, strutils
type
Bit = range[0..1] Board = array[3, array[3, Bit]]
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
func flipRow(board: var Board; row: int) =
for cell in board[row].mitems: cell = 1 - cell
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
func flipCol(board: var Board; col: int) =
for row in board.mitems: row[col] = 1 - row[col]
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
proc initBoard(target: Board): Board =
# Starting from the target we make 9 random row or column flips.
result = target
for _ in 1..9:
if rand(1) == 0:
result.flipRow(rand(2))
else:
result.flipCol(rand(2))
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
proc print(board: Board; label: string) =
echo &"{label}:"
echo " | a b c"
echo "---------"
for r, row in board:
stdout.write &"{r + 1} |"
for cell in row: stdout.write &" {cell}"
echo ""
echo ""
- ———————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
var target, board: Board
randomize()
- Initialize target.
for row in target.mitems:
for cell in row.mitems: cell = rand(1)
- Initialize board and ensure it differs from the target i.e. game not already over!
while true:
board = initBoard(target) if board != target: break
target.print("TARGET") board.print("OPENING BOARD")
var flips = 0 while board != target:
# Get input from player.
var isRow = true
var n = -1
while n < 0:
stdout.write "Enter row number or column letter to be flipped: "
stdout.flushFile()
let input = stdin.readLine()
let ch = if input.len > 0: input[0].toLowerAscii else: '0'
if ch notin "123abc":
echo "Must be 1, 2, 3, a, b or c"
continue
if ch in '1'..'3':
n = ord(ch) - ord('1')
else:
isRow = false
n = ord(ch) - ord('a')
# Update board.
inc flips
if isRow: board.flipRow(n) else: board.flipCol(n)
target.print("\nTARGET")
let plural = if flips == 1: "" else: "S"
board.print(&"BOARD AFTER {flips} FLIP{plural}")
let plural = if flips == 1: "" else: "s" echo &"You’ve succeeded in {flips} flip{plural}"</lang>
- Output:
TARGET:
| a b c
---------
1 | 1 0 0
2 | 1 0 0
3 | 0 1 1
OPENING BOARD:
| a b c
---------
1 | 0 1 0
2 | 1 0 1
3 | 1 0 1
Enter row number or column letter to be flipped: a
TARGET:
| a b c
---------
1 | 1 0 0
2 | 1 0 0
3 | 0 1 1
BOARD AFTER 1 FLIP:
| a b c
---------
1 | 1 1 0
2 | 0 0 1
3 | 0 0 1
Enter row number or column letter to be flipped: 2
TARGET:
| a b c
---------
1 | 1 0 0
2 | 1 0 0
3 | 0 1 1
BOARD AFTER 2 FLIPS:
| a b c
---------
1 | 1 1 0
2 | 1 1 0
3 | 0 0 1
Enter row number or column letter to be flipped: b
TARGET:
| a b c
---------
1 | 1 0 0
2 | 1 0 0
3 | 0 1 1
BOARD AFTER 3 FLIPS:
| a b c
---------
1 | 1 0 0
2 | 1 0 0
3 | 0 1 1
You’ve succeeded in 3 flips
=={{header|OCaml}}==
<lang ocaml>module FlipGame =
struct
type t = bool array array
let make side = Array.make_matrix side side false
let flipcol b n =
for i = 0 to (Array.length b - 1) do
b.(n).(i) <- not b.(n).(i)
done
let fliprow b n =
for i = 0 to (Array.length b - 1) do
b.(i).(n) <- not b.(i).(n)
done
let randflip b =
let n = Random.int (Array.length b - 1) in
match Random.bool () with
| true -> fliprow b n
| false -> flipcol b n
let rec game side steps =
let start, target = make side, make side in
for i = 1 to steps do
randflip start;
randflip target
done;
if start = target then game side steps (* try again *) else
(start, target)
let print b =
for i = 0 to Array.length b - 1 do
for j = 0 to Array.length b - 1 do
Printf.printf " %d " (if b.(j).(i) then 1 else 0)
done;
print_newline ()
done;
print_newline ()
let draw_game board target =
print_endline "TARGET"; print target;
print_endline "BOARD"; print board
end
let play () =
let module G = FlipGame in
let board, target = G.game 3 10 in
let steps = ref 0 in
while board <> target do
G.draw_game board target;
print_string "> ";
flush stdout;
incr steps;
match String.split_on_char ' ' (read_line ()) with
| ["row"; row] ->
(match int_of_string_opt row with
| Some n -> G.fliprow board n
| None -> print_endline "(nothing happens)")
| ["col"; col] ->
(match int_of_string_opt col with
| Some n -> G.flipcol board n
| None -> print_endline "(nothing happens)")
| _ -> ()
done;
G.draw_game board target;
Printf.printf "\n\nGame solved in %d steps\n" !steps
let () =
if not !Sys.interactive then
(Random.self_init ();
play ())</lang>
{{out}}
<pre>$ ocamlc flipgame.ml -o flipgame
$ ./flipgame
TARGET
0 0 1
0 0 1
1 1 0
BOARD
0 1 0
1 0 1
0 1 0
> col 1
TARGET
0 0 1
0 0 1
1 1 0
BOARD
0 0 0
1 1 1
0 0 0
> row 2
TARGET
0 0 1
0 0 1
1 1 0
BOARD
0 0 0
1 1 1
1 1 1
> col 2
TARGET
0 0 1
0 0 1
1 1 0
BOARD
0 0 1
1 1 0
1 1 0
> row 1
TARGET
0 0 1
0 0 1
1 1 0
BOARD
0 0 1
0 0 1
1 1 0
Game solved in 4 steps
Perl
Pass the size of the puzzle on the command line. It defaults to 4. You can play any size game between 2 and 26. While playing, the game accepts anything which looks like valid rows or columns, and disregards any irrelevant text in between.
<lang perl>#!perl use strict; use warnings qw(FATAL all);
my $n = shift(@ARGV) || 4; if( $n < 2 or $n > 26 ) { die "You can't play a size $n game\n"; }
my $n2 = $n*$n;
my (@rows, @cols); for my $i ( 0 .. $n-1 ) { my $row = my $col = "\x00" x $n2; vec($row, $i * $n + $_, 8) ^= 1 for 0 .. $n-1; vec($col, $i + $_ * $n, 8) ^= 1 for 0 .. $n-1; push @rows, $row; push @cols, $col; }
my $goal = "0" x $n2; int(rand(2)) or (vec($goal, $_, 8) ^= 1) for 0 .. $n2-1; my $start = $goal; { for(@rows, @cols) { $start ^= $_ if int rand 2; } redo if $start eq $goal; }
my @letters = ('a'..'z')[0..$n-1]; sub to_strings { my $board = shift; my @result = join(" ", " ", @letters); for( 0 .. $n-1 ) { my $res = sprintf("%2d ",$_+1); $res .= join " ", split //, substr $board, $_*$n, $n; push @result, $res; } \@result; }
my $fmt; my ($stext, $etext) = ("Starting board", "Ending board"); my $re = join "|", reverse 1 .. $n, @letters; my $moves_so_far = 0; while( 1 ) { my ($from, $to) = (to_strings($start), to_strings($goal)); unless( $fmt ) { my $len = length $from->[0]; $len = length($stext) if $len < length $stext; $fmt = join($len, "%", "s%", "s\n"); } printf $fmt, $stext, $etext; printf $fmt, $from->[$_], $to->[$_] for 0 .. $n; last if $start eq $goal; INPUT_LOOP: { printf "Move #%s: Type one or more row numbers and/or column letters: ", $moves_so_far+1; my $input = <>; die unless defined $input; my $did_one; for( $input =~ /($re)/gi ) { $did_one = 1; if( /\d/ ) { $start ^= $rows[$_-1]; } else { $_ = ord(lc) - ord('a'); $start ^= $cols[$_]; } ++$moves_so_far; } redo INPUT_LOOP unless $did_one; } } print "You won after $moves_so_far moves.\n";</lang>
- Output:
$ perl FlippingBitsGame.pl 3
Starting board Ending board
a b c a b c
1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1
2 0 1 1 2 1 0 1
3 0 0 0 3 0 0 1
Move #1: Type one or more row numbers and/or column letters: 12
Starting board Ending board
a b c a b c
1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1
2 1 0 0 2 1 0 1
3 0 0 0 3 0 0 1
Move #3: Type one or more row numbers and/or column letters: c
Starting board Ending board
a b c a b c
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
2 1 0 1 2 1 0 1
3 0 0 1 3 0 0 1
You won after 3 moves.
The same game could have been won after typing 1 2 c in any order, with multiple lines or even "12c" on a single line.
Phix
<lang Phix>integer w, h
string board, target
procedure new_board()
board = ""
h = prompt_number("Enter number of rows(1..9):",{1,9})
w = prompt_number("Enter number of columns(1..26):",{1,26})
string line = ""
for j=1 to w do line &= 'A'+j-1 end for
board = " "&line&"\n"
for i=1 to h do
line = '0'+i&" "
for j=1 to w do line &= '0'+rand(2)-1 end for
board &= line&"\n"
end for
end procedure
procedure show_bt() sequence sb = split(board,'\n'),
st = split(target,'\n')
printf(1,"board:%s target:%s\n",{sb[1],st[1]})
for i=2 to length(sb)-1 do
printf(1," %s %s\n",{sb[i],st[i]})
end for
end procedure
procedure flip(integer ch, bool bShow=true) integer k
if ch>='A' and ch<='A'+w-1 then
-- flip_column
ch = ch-'A'+1
for i=1 to h do
k = 2+ch+i*(w+3)
board[k] = '0'+'1'-board[k]
end for
k = 2+ch
elsif ch>='1' and ch<='0'+h then
-- flip_row
ch -= '0'
for i=1 to w do
k = 2+i+(ch)*(w+3)
board[k] = '0'+'1'-board[k]
end for
k = 1+(ch)*(w+3)
else
?9/0 -- sanity check
end if
if bShow then
integer wasch = board[k]
board[k] = '*'
show_bt()
board[k] = wasch
end if
end procedure
procedure scramble_board() integer lim = 10000
while 1 do
for i=1 to lim do
if rand(2)=1 then
flip('A'-1+rand(w),false)
else
flip('0'+rand(h),false)
end if
end for
if board!=target then exit end if
lim -= 1 -- sidestep the degenerate 1x1 case
end while
end procedure
function solve_board() -- not guaranteed optimal (the commented-out length check clogs it on larger boards) string original = board, moves sequence next = Template:0,board,"",
legal_moves = tagset('A'+w-1,'A')&tagset('0'+h,'1')
atom t2 = time()+2 -- in case board is illegal/unsolveable
while time()<t2 do
for lm=1 to length(legal_moves) do
integer c = legal_moves[lm]
{?,board,moves} = next[1]
flip(c,false)
moves &= c
if board = target then
board = original
return moves
end if
next = append(next,{sum(sq_eq(board,target)),board,moves})
for i=length(next) to 3 by -1 do
if next[i][1]<=next[i-1][1] then exit end if
-- if length(next[i][3])>length(next[i-1][3]) then exit end if
{next[i-1],next[i]} = {next[i],next[i-1]}
end for
end for
next = next[2..$]
end while
board = original
return 0
end function
constant ESC = #1B
procedure main()
integer moves = 0, solves = 0, ch
bool took_hint = false
new_board()
target = board
scramble_board()
show_bt()
object soln = solve_board()
while 1 do
string solve = iff(string(soln)?sprintf(" solveable in %d,",length(soln)):"")
printf(1,"moves taken %d,%s enter your move (A..%c or 1..%c) or ?:",{moves,solve,'A'+w-1,'0'+h})
while 1 do
ch = upper(wait_key())
if ch<=#FF then exit end if -- (ignore control keys)
end while
printf(1,"%c\n",ch)
if (ch>='A' and ch<='A'+w-1)
or (ch>='1' and ch<='0'+h) then
flip(ch)
if board=target then
printf(1,"\nWell %s!\n\n",{iff(took_hint?"cheated","done")})
exit
end if
moves += 1
soln = iff(string(soln) and ch=soln[1]?soln[2..$]:solve_board())
elsif string(soln) and
(ch='H' -- (nb consumed above if w>=8)
or ch='.') then
took_hint = true
printf(1,"hint: %c\n",soln[1])
elsif ch='Q' -- (nb consumed above if w>=17)
or ch=ESC then
exit
elsif string(soln) and
(ch='S' -- (nb consumed above if w>=19)
or ch='!') then
for i=1 to length(soln) do
printf(1,"auto-solving, move %d:\n",i)
flip(soln[i])
sleep(2)
end for
exit
else
puts(1,"press ")
if string(soln) then
puts(1,"'!' (or 's' if width<19) to solve the board automatically,\n")
puts(1," '.' (or 'h' if width<8) to show hint,\n")
end if
puts(1," escape (or 'q' if width<17) to quit\n")
end if
end while
end procedure main()</lang>
- Output:
Enter number of rows(1..9):2
Enter number of columns(1..26):2
board: AB target: AB
1 11 1 10
2 00 2 10
moves taken 0, solveable in 2, enter your move (A..B or 1..2) or ?:?
press '!' (or 's' if width<19) to solve the board automatically,
'.' (or 'h' if width<8) to show hint,
escape (or 'q' if width<17) to quit
moves taken 0, solveable in 2, enter your move (A..B or 1..2) or ?:H
hint: A
moves taken 0, solveable in 2, enter your move (A..B or 1..2) or ?:A
board: *B target: AB
1 01 1 10
2 10 2 10
moves taken 1, solveable in 1, enter your move (A..B or 1..2) or ?:H
hint: 1
moves taken 1, solveable in 1, enter your move (A..B or 1..2) or ?:1
board: AB target: AB
* 10 1 10
2 10 2 10
Well cheated!
An auto solve:
Enter number of rows(1..9):2
Enter number of columns(1..26):2
board: AB target: AB
1 10 1 00
2 10 2 11
moves taken 0, solveable in 2, enter your move (A..B or 1..2) or ?:!
auto-solving, move 1:
board: *B target: AB
1 00 1 00
2 00 2 11
auto-solving, move 2:
board: AB target: AB
1 00 1 00
* 11 2 11
The maximum board size is 9x26:
Enter number of rows(1..9):9
Enter number of columns(1..26):26
board: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ target: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
1 11010000101000110010101101 1 00010011000001110010101001
2 10000011010000110100001100 2 10111111000110001011110111
3 00100011010011100110111101 3 11100000111010100110111001
4 00101110001111100001001000 4 00010010011001011110110011
5 01001001111011101011100011 5 10001010010010101011100111
6 01010001101111101110111011 6 10010010000110101110111111
7 10011000011101100100000111 7 01011011110100100100000011
8 01111100111110000001100101 8 01000000101000111110011110
9 00111000101100111000011011 9 11111011000101111000011111
moves taken 0, solveable in 11, enter your move (A..Z or 1..9) or ?:
And the minimum is 1x1:
Enter number of rows(1..9):1
Enter number of columns(1..26):1
board: A target: A
1 0 1 1
moves taken 0, solveable in 1, enter your move (A..A or 1..1) or ?:1
board: A target: A
* 1 1 1
Well done!
PL/I
<lang PL/I>(subscriptrange, stringrange, stringsize): flip: procedure options (main);
declare n fixed binary;
put skip list ('This is the bit-flipping game. What size of board do you want?');
get list (n);
put skip list
('Your task is to change your board so as match the board on the right (the objective)');
begin;
declare initial(n,n) bit (1), objective(n,n) bit (1);
declare (i, j, k, move) fixed binary;
declare ch character(1);
declare alphabet character (26) initial ('abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz');
on subrg
begin; put skip list ('Your row or column ' || trim(ch) || ' is out of range'); stop; end;
initial, objective = iand(random()*99, 1) = 1;
/* Set up the objective array: */
do i = 1 to n-1;
j = random()*n+1; objective(j,*) = ^objective(j,*);
j = random()*n+1; objective(*,j) = ^objective(*,j);
end;
do move = 0 by 1;
put skip edit ( center('You', n*3), center('The objective', 3*n+4) ) (x(3), a);
put skip edit ( (substr(alphabet, i, 1) do i = 1 to n) ) (x(5), (n) a(3));
put edit ( (substr(alphabet, i, 1) do i = 1 to n) ) (x(3), (n) a(3));
do i = 1 to n;
put skip edit (i, initial(i,*), objective(i,*)) ((n+1) f(3), x(3), (n) F(3));
end;
if all(initial = objective) then leave;
put skip(2) list
('Please type a row number or column letter whose bits you want to flip: ');
get edit (ch) (L); put edit (ch) (a);
k = index(alphabet, ch);
if k > 0 then
initial(*, k) = ^initial(*,k); /* Flip column k */
else
initial(ch,*) = ^initial(ch,*); /* Flip row ch */
end;
put skip(2) list ('Congratulations. You solved it in ' || trim(move) || ' moves.');
end;
end flip;</lang>
- Output:
This is the bit-flipping game. What size of board do you want?
Your task is to change your board so as match the board on the right (the objective)
You The objective
a b c a b c
1 1 1 1 0 1 1
2 0 0 0 1 0 0
3 1 1 1 1 0 0
Please type a row number or column letter whose bits you want to flip:
3
You The objective
a b c a b c
1 1 1 1 0 1 1
2 0 0 0 1 0 0
3 0 0 0 1 0 0
Please type a row number or column letter whose bits you want to flip:
a
You The objective
a b c a b c
1 0 1 1 0 1 1
2 1 0 0 1 0 0
3 1 0 0 1 0 0
Congratulations. You solved it in 2 moves.
Python
<lang python>""" Given a %i by %i sqare array of zeroes or ones in an initial configuration, and a target configuration of zeroes and ones The task is to transform one to the other in as few moves as possible by inverting whole numbered rows or whole lettered columns at once. In an inversion any 1 becomes 0 and any 0 becomes 1 for that whole row or column.
"""
from random import randrange from copy import deepcopy from string import ascii_lowercase
try: # 2to3 fix
input = raw_input
except:
pass
N = 3 # N x N Square arrray
board = [[0]* N for i in range(N)]
def setbits(board, count=1):
for i in range(count):
board[randrange(N)][randrange(N)] ^= 1
def shuffle(board, count=1):
for i in range(count):
if randrange(0, 2):
fliprow(randrange(N))
else:
flipcol(randrange(N))
def pr(board, comment=):
print(str(comment))
print(' ' + ' '.join(ascii_lowercase[i] for i in range(N)))
print(' ' + '\n '.join(' '.join(['%2s' % j] + [str(i) for i in line])
for j, line in enumerate(board, 1)))
def init(board):
setbits(board, count=randrange(N)+1)
target = deepcopy(board)
while board == target:
shuffle(board, count=2 * N)
prompt = ' X, T, or 1-%i / %s-%s to flip: ' % (N, ascii_lowercase[0],
ascii_lowercase[N-1])
return target, prompt
def fliprow(i):
board[i-1][:] = [x ^ 1 for x in board[i-1] ]
def flipcol(i):
for row in board:
row[i] ^= 1
if __name__ == '__main__':
print(__doc__ % (N, N))
target, prompt = init(board)
pr(target, 'Target configuration is:')
print()
turns = 0
while board != target:
turns += 1
pr(board, '%i:' % turns)
ans = input(prompt).strip()
if (len(ans) == 1
and ans in ascii_lowercase and ascii_lowercase.index(ans) < N):
flipcol(ascii_lowercase.index(ans))
elif ans and all(ch in '0123456789' for ch in ans) and 1 <= int(ans) <= N:
fliprow(int(ans))
elif ans == 'T':
pr(target, 'Target configuration is:')
turns -= 1
elif ans == 'X':
break
else:
print(" I don't understand %r... Try again. "
"(X to exit or T to show target)\n" % ans[:9])
turns -= 1
else:
print('\nWell done!\nBye.')</lang>
- Output:
Given a 3 by 3 sqare array of zeroes or ones in an initial
configuration, and a target configuration of zeroes and ones
The task is to transform one to the other in as few moves as
possible by inverting whole numbered rows or whole lettered
columns at once.
In an inversion any 1 becomes 0 and any 0 becomes 1 for that
whole row or column.
Target configuration is:
a b c
1 0 1 0
2 0 0 0
3 0 0 0
1:
a b c
1 1 0 0
2 0 0 1
3 0 0 1
X, T, or 1-3 / a-c to flip: 1
2:
a b c
1 0 1 1
2 0 0 1
3 0 0 1
X, T, or 1-3 / a-c to flip: c
Well done!
Bye.
- Showing bad/other inputs
Target configuration is:
a b c
1 0 0 0
2 0 0 0
3 0 0 1
1:
a b c
1 1 0 1
2 0 1 0
3 0 1 1
X, T, or 1-3 / a-c to flip: 3
2:
a b c
1 1 0 1
2 0 1 0
3 1 0 0
X, T, or 1-3 / a-c to flip: 4
I don't understand '4'... Try again. (X to exit or T to show target)
2:
a b c
1 1 0 1
2 0 1 0
3 1 0 0
X, T, or 1-3 / a-c to flip: c
3:
a b c
1 1 0 0
2 0 1 1
3 1 0 1
X, T, or 1-3 / a-c to flip: d
I don't understand 'd'... Try again. (X to exit or T to show target)
3:
a b c
1 1 0 0
2 0 1 1
3 1 0 1
X, T, or 1-3 / a-c to flip: T
Target configuration is:
a b c
1 0 0 0
2 0 0 0
3 0 0 1
3:
a b c
1 1 0 0
2 0 1 1
3 1 0 1
X, T, or 1-3 / a-c to flip: X
QB64
<lang> RANDOMIZE TIMER DIM SHARED cellsPerSide, legalMoves$, startB$, currentB$, targetB$, moveCount
restart DO
displayStatus
IF currentB$ = targetB$ THEN 'game done!
PRINT " Congratulations, done in"; moveCount; " moves."
PRINT "": PRINT " Press y for yes, if you want to start over > ";
yes$ = getKey$: PRINT yes$: _DELAY .4: vcls
IF yes$ = "y" THEN restart ELSE nomore = -1
ELSE 'get next move
m$ = " ": PRINT
WHILE INSTR(legalMoves$, m$) = 0
PRINT " Press a lettered column or a numbered row to flip (or 0,q,?,!) > ";
m$ = getKey$: PRINT m$: _DELAY .4
IF m$ = "!" THEN
showSolution = -1: m$ = " ": EXIT WHILE
ELSEIF m$ = "?" THEN: m$ = " ": cp CSRLIN, "Hint: " + hint$
ELSEIF m$ = "0" OR m$ = "q" THEN: vcls: CLOSE: END
ELSEIF m$ = "" THEN: m$ = " "
END IF
WEND
IF showSolution THEN 'run the solution from hints function
showSolution = 0: mv$ = hint$
cp CSRLIN + 1, "For the next move, the AI has chosen: " + mv$
cp CSRLIN + 1, "Running the solution with 4 sec screen delays..."
_DELAY 4: vcls
WHILE mv$ <> "Done?"
moveCount = moveCount + 1: makeMove mv$: displayStatus: mv$ = hint$
cp CSRLIN + 1, "For the next move, the AI has chosen: " + mv$
cp CSRLIN + 1, "Running the solution with 4 sec screen delays..."
_DELAY 4: vcls
WEND
displayStatus
cp CSRLIN + 1, "Done! Current board matches Target"
cp CSRLIN + 1, "Press y for yes, if you want to start over: > "
yes$ = getKey$: PRINT yes$: _DELAY .4: vcls
IF yes$ = "y" THEN restart ELSE nomore = -1
ELSE
vcls: moveCount = moveCount + 1: makeMove m$
END IF
END IF
LOOP UNTIL nomore CLOSE
SUB displayStatus
COLOR 9: showBoard 2, 2, currentB$, "Current:" COLOR 12: showBoard 2, 2 + 2 * cellsPerSide + 6, targetB$, "Target:" COLOR 13: PRINT: PRINT " Number of moves taken so far is" + STR$(moveCount) COLOR 14
END SUB
FUNCTION hint$ 'compare the currentB to targetB and suggest letter or digit or done
FOR i = 1 TO 2 * cellsPerSide 'check cols first then rows as listed in legalMoves$
r$ = MID$(legalMoves$, i, 1)
IF i <= cellsPerSide THEN
currentbit$ = MID$(currentB$, i, 1): targetBit$ = MID$(targetB$, i, 1)
IF currentbit$ <> targetBit$ THEN flag = -1: EXIT FOR
ELSE
j = i - cellsPerSide
currentbit$ = MID$(currentB$, (j - 1) * cellsPerSide + 1, 1)
targetBit$ = MID$(targetB$, (j - 1) * cellsPerSide + 1, 1)
IF currentbit$ <> targetBit$ THEN flag = -1: EXIT FOR
END IF
NEXT
IF flag THEN hint$ = r$ ELSE hint$ = "Done?"
END FUNCTION
SUB restart
CLOSE
OPEN "Copy Flipping Bits Game.txt" FOR OUTPUT AS #3
cellsPerSide = 0: legalMoves$ = "": moveCount = 0
COLOR 9: cp 3, "Flipping Bits Game, now with AI! b+ 2017-12-18"
COLOR 5
cp 5, "You will be presented with a square board marked Current and"
cp 6, "another marked Target. The object of the game is to match"
cp 7, "the Current board to Target in the least amount of moves."
cp 9, "To make a move, enter a letter for a column to flip or"
cp 10, "a digit for a row to flip. In a flip, all 1's are"
cp 11, "changed to 0's and all 0's changed to 1's."
cp 13, "You may enter 0 or q at any time to quit."
cp 14, "You may press ? when prompted for move to get a hint."
cp 15, "You may press ! to have the program solve the puzzle."
COLOR 14: PRINT: PRINT
WHILE cellsPerSide < 2 OR cellsPerSide > 9
LOCATE CSRLIN, 13: PRINT "Please press how many cells you want per side 2 to 9 > ";
in$ = getKey$: PRINT in$: _DELAY .4
IF in$ = "0" OR in$ = "q" THEN END ELSE cellsPerSide = VAL(in$)
WEND
vcls
FOR i = 1 TO cellsPerSide: legalMoves$ = legalMoves$ + CHR$(96 + i): NEXT
FOR i = 1 TO cellsPerSide: legalMoves$ = legalMoves$ + LTRIM$(STR$(i)): NEXT
startB$ = startBoard$: currentB$ = startB$: targetB$ = makeTarget$: currentB$ = startB$
END SUB
FUNCTION startBoard$
FOR i = 1 TO cellsPerSide ^ 2: r$ = r$ + LTRIM$(STR$(INT(RND * 2))): NEXT startBoard$ = r$
END FUNCTION
SUB showBoard (row, col, board$, title$)
LOCATE row - 1, col: PRINT title$
FOR i = 1 TO cellsPerSide
LOCATE row, col + 2 * (i - 1) + 3: PRINT MID$(legalMoves$, i, 1);
NEXT
PRINT
FOR i = 1 TO cellsPerSide
LOCATE row + i, col - 1: PRINT STR$(i);
FOR j = 1 TO cellsPerSide
LOCATE row + i, col + 2 * j: PRINT " " + MID$(board$, (i - 1) * cellsPerSide + j, 1);
NEXT
PRINT
NEXT
END SUB
SUB makeMove (move$)
ac = ASC(move$)
IF ac > 96 THEN 'letter
col = ac - 96
FOR i = 1 TO cellsPerSide
bit$ = MID$(currentB$, (i - 1) * cellsPerSide + col, 1)
IF bit$ = "0" THEN
MID$(currentB$, (i - 1) * cellsPerSide + col, 1) = "1"
ELSE
MID$(currentB$, (i - 1) * cellsPerSide + col, 1) = "0"
END IF
NEXT
ELSE 'number
row = ac - 48
FOR i = 1 TO cellsPerSide
bit$ = MID$(currentB$, (row - 1) * cellsPerSide + i, 1)
IF bit$ = "0" THEN
MID$(currentB$, (row - 1) * cellsPerSide + i, 1) = "1"
ELSE
MID$(currentB$, (row - 1) * cellsPerSide + i, 1) = "0"
END IF
NEXT
END IF
END SUB
FUNCTION makeTarget$
WHILE currentB$ = startB$
FOR i = 1 TO cellsPerSide * cellsPerSide
m$ = MID$(legalMoves$, INT(RND * LEN(legalMoves$)) + 1, 1): makeMove m$
NEXT
WEND
makeTarget$ = currentB$
END FUNCTION
SUB cp (row, text$) 'center print at row
LOCATE row, (80 - LEN(text$)) / 2: PRINT text$;
END SUB
SUB vcls 'print the screen to file then clear it
DIM s$(23)
FOR lines = 1 TO 23
FOR t = 1 TO 80: scan$ = scan$ + CHR$(SCREEN(lines, t)): NEXT
s$(lines) = RTRIM$(scan$): scan$ = ""
NEXT
FOR fini = 23 TO 1 STEP -1
IF s$(fini) <> "" THEN EXIT FOR
NEXT
PRINT #3, ""
FOR i = 1 TO fini: PRINT #3, s$(i): NEXT
PRINT #3, "": PRINT #3, STRING$(80, "-"): CLS
END SUB
FUNCTION getKey$ 'just want printable characters
k$ = ""
WHILE LEN(k$) = 0
k$ = INKEY$
IF LEN(k$) THEN 'press something so respond
IF LEN(k$) = 2 OR ASC(k$) > 126 OR ASC(k$) < 32 THEN k$ = "*": BEEP
END IF
WEND
getKey$ = k$
END FUNCTION </lang> Output: <lang> Flipping Bits Game, now with AI! b+ 2017-12-18
You will be presented with a square board marked Current and
another marked Target. The object of the game is to match
the Current board to Target in the least amount of moves.
To make a move, enter a letter for a column to flip or
a digit for a row to flip. In a flip, all 1's are
changed to 0's and all 0's changed to 1's.
You may enter 0 or q at any time to quit.
You may press ? when prompted for move to get a hint.
You may press ! to have the program solve the puzzle.
Please press how many cells you want per side 2 to 9 > l
Please press how many cells you want per side 2 to 9 > *
Please press how many cells you want per side 2 to 9 > 3
Current: Target: a b c a b c 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 2 1 1 0 2 0 1 1 3 0 0 1 3 0 1 1
Number of moves taken so far is 0
Press a lettered column or a numbered row to flip (or 0,q,?,!) > l Press a lettered column or a numbered row to flip (or 0,q,?,!) > 9 Press a lettered column or a numbered row to flip (or 0,q,?,!) > * Press a lettered column or a numbered row to flip (or 0,q,?,!) > a
Current: Target: a b c a b c 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 2 0 1 0 2 0 1 1 3 1 0 1 3 0 1 1
Number of moves taken so far is 1
Press a lettered column or a numbered row to flip (or 0,q,?,!) > ?
Hint: c
Press a lettered column or a numbered row to flip (or 0,q,?,!) > c
Current: Target: a b c a b c 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 2 0 1 1 2 0 1 1 3 1 0 0 3 0 1 1
Number of moves taken so far is 2
Press a lettered column or a numbered row to flip (or 0,q,?,!) > l Press a lettered column or a numbered row to flip (or 0,q,?,!) > 9 Press a lettered column or a numbered row to flip (or 0,q,?,!) > !
For the next move, the AI has chosen: 3
Running the solution with 4 sec screen delays...
Current: Target: a b c a b c 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 2 0 1 1 2 0 1 1 3 0 1 1 3 0 1 1
Number of moves taken so far is 3
For the next move, the AI has chosen: Done?
Running the solution with 4 sec screen delays...
Current: Target: a b c a b c 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 2 0 1 1 2 0 1 1 3 0 1 1 3 0 1 1
Number of moves taken so far is 3
Done! Current board matches Target
Press y for yes, if you want to start over: > m
</lang>
Racket
<lang>#lang racket (define (flip-row! pzzl r)
(define N (integer-sqrt (bytes-length pzzl))) (for* ((c (in-range N))) (define idx (+ c (* N r))) (bytes-set! pzzl idx (- 1 (bytes-ref pzzl idx)))))
(define (flip-col! pzzl c)
(define N (integer-sqrt (bytes-length pzzl))) (for* ((r (in-range N))) (define idx (+ c (* N r))) (bytes-set! pzzl idx (- 1 (bytes-ref pzzl idx)))))
(define (new-game N (flips 10))
(define N2 (sqr N))
(define targ (list->bytes (for/list ((_ N2)) (random 2))))
(define strt (bytes-copy targ))
(for ((_ flips))
(case (random 2)
((0) (flip-col! strt (random N)))
((1) (flip-row! strt (random N)))))
(if (equal? strt targ) (new-game N) (values targ strt)))
(define (show-games #:sep (pzl-sep " | ") . pzzls)
(define N (integer-sqrt (bytes-length (first pzzls))))
(define caption (string-join (for/list ((c (in-range N))) (~a (add1 c))) ""))
(define ruler (string-join (for/list ((c (in-range N))) "-") ""))
(define ((pzzle-row r) p)
(string-join (for/list ((c (in-range N))) (~a (bytes-ref p (+ c (* N r))))) ""))
(displayln
(string-join
(list*
(format " ~a" (string-join (for/list ((_ pzzls)) caption) pzl-sep))
(format " ~a" (string-join (for/list ((_ pzzls)) ruler) pzl-sep))
(for/list ((r (in-range N)) (R (in-naturals (char->integer #\a))))
(format "~a ~a" (integer->char R) (string-join (map (pzzle-row r) pzzls) pzl-sep))))
"\n")))
(define (play N)
(define-values (end start) (new-game N))
(define (turn n (show? #t))
(cond
[(equal? end start) (printf "you won on turn #~a~%" n)]
[else
(when show? ;; don't show after whitespace
(printf "turn #~a~%" n)
(show-games start end))
(match (read-char)
[(? eof-object?) (printf "sad to see you go :-(~%")]
[(? char-whitespace?) (turn n #f)]
[(? char-numeric? c)
(define cnum (- (char->integer c) (char->integer #\1)))
(cond [(< -1 cnum N)
(printf "flipping col ~a~%" (add1 cnum))
(flip-col! start cnum)
(turn (add1 n))]
[else (printf "column number out of range ~a > ~a~%" (add1 cnum) N)
(turn n)])]
[(? char-lower-case? c)
(define rnum (- (char->integer c) (char->integer #\a)))
(cond [(< -1 rnum N)
(printf "flipping row ~a~%" (add1 rnum))
(flip-row! start rnum)
(turn (add1 n))]
[else (printf "row number out of range ~a > ~a~%" (add1 rnum) (sub1 N))
(turn n)])]
[else (printf "unrecognised character in input: ~s~%" else)
(turn n)])]))
(turn 0))</lang>
- Output:
(play 3) turn #0 123 | 123 --- | --- a 001 | 101 b 110 | 101 c 100 | 000 1 flipping col 1 turn #1 123 | 123 --- | --- a 101 | 101 b 010 | 101 c 000 | 000 b flipping row 2 you won on turn #2
Raku
(formerly Perl 6)
Pass in a parameter to set the square size for the puzzle. (Defaults to 4.) Arbitrarily limited to between 1 and 26. Yes, you can choose to solve a 1 element square puzzle, but it won't be very challenging. Accepts upper or lower case letters for columns. Disregards any out-of-range indices. Enter a blank or 0 (zero) to exit.
<lang perl6>sub MAIN ($square = 4) {
say "{$square}? Seriously?" and exit if $square < 1 or $square > 26;
my %bits = map { $_ => %( map { $_ => 0 }, ('A' .. *)[^ $square] ) },
(1 .. *)[^ $square];
scramble %bits;
my $target = build %bits;
scramble %bits until build(%bits) ne $target;
display($target, %bits);
my $turns = 0;
while my $flip = prompt "Turn {++$turns}: Flip which row / column? " {
flip $flip.match(/\w/).uc, %bits;
if display($target, %bits) {
say "Hurray! You solved it in $turns turns.";
last;
}
}
}
sub display($goal, %hash) {
shell('clear');
say "Goal\n$goal\nYou";
my $this = build %hash;
say $this;
return ($goal eq $this);
}
sub flip ($a, %hash) {
given $a {
when any(keys %hash) {
%hash{$a}{$_} = %hash{$a}{$_} +^ 1 for %hash{$a}.keys
};
when any(keys %hash{'1'}) {
%hash{$_}{$a} = %hash{$_}{$a} +^ 1 for %hash.keys
};
}
}
sub build (%hash) {
my $string = ' ';
$string ~= sprintf "%2s ", $_ for sort keys %hash{'1'};
$string ~= "\n";
for %hash.keys.sort: +* -> $key {
$string ~= sprintf "%2s ", $key;
$string ~= sprintf "%2s ", %hash{$key}{$_} for sort keys %hash{$key};
$string ~= "\n";
};
$string
}
sub scramble(%hash) {
my @keys = keys %hash;
@keys.push: | keys %hash{'1'};
flip $_, %hash for @keys.pick( @keys/2 );
}</lang> A sample 3 x 3 game might look like this:
Goal
A B C
1 1 1 0
2 0 0 1
3 1 1 0
You
A B C
1 0 0 0
2 1 1 1
3 1 1 1
Turn 1: Flip which row / column? 2
Goal
A B C
1 1 1 0
2 0 0 1
3 1 1 0
You
A B C
1 0 0 0
2 0 0 0
3 1 1 1
Turn 2: Flip which row / column? 1
Goal
A B C
1 1 1 0
2 0 0 1
3 1 1 0
You
A B C
1 1 1 1
2 0 0 0
3 1 1 1
Turn 3: Flip which row / column? c
Goal
A B C
1 1 1 0
2 0 0 1
3 1 1 0
You
A B C
1 1 1 0
2 0 0 1
3 1 1 0
Hurray! You solved it in 3 turns.
Red
<lang Rebol> Red [] random/seed now/time/precise ;; start random generator kRows: kCols: 3 ;; define board size, 3x3 upto 9x9 possible
;; create series of 3 empty blocks:
loop kRows [ append/only board: [] copy [] ] ;; ( this is actually a bit tricky, normally you'd have to use "copy" [] inside a loop )
kValid: "1A" ;; generate string for input validation "321ABC" loop (kRows - 1 ) [insert kValid (first kValid) + 1 ] loop (kCols - 1 ) [append kValid (last kValid) + 1 ]
repeat row kRows [ loop kCols [ append board/:row -1 + random 2 ] ] ;; fill board with random 0 / 1
- --------------------------------------
xorme: func ['val][ set val 1 xor get val ] ;; function: flip the given board position
- --------------------------------------
flip: func [ what [string!] ] [ ;; flip complete row or column of board
row: -48 + to-integer first what ;; convert string to integer row/column index if row <= kRows [ repeat col kCols [ xorme board/:row/:col] return 0 ] repeat row2 kRows [ xorme board/:row2/(row - 16)]
]
- --------------------------------------
showboard: func [title [string!] b] [ ;; function: show board name + board or target
prin [title newline newline" " letter: #"A" ] ;; ( prin doesn't print newline at end ) loop ( kCols - 1) [ prin ["" letter: letter + 1] ] print "" ;; print column letters repeat row kRows [ ;; print one row prin row ;; first print row number repeat col kCols [ prin ["" b/:row/:col ]] print "" ]
]
showboard "Target" target: copy/deep board ;; create target as copy from board and show random kvalid repeat pos 3 [flip copy/part skip kvalid pos 1] ;; now flip board 3 times at random row/column
run: -1 forever [
showboard "Board" board if board = target [ Print ["You solved it in" run + 1 "move(s) !" ] halt ] ;; count last move print [newline "moves:" run: run + 1 ] ;; show moves taken so far until [ find kvalid inp: uppercase ask "Enter Row No or Column Letter to flip ?" ] ;; read valid input character flip inp
] ;; 42 lines :- ) </lang>
- Output:
Target A B C 1 0 1 0 2 1 1 0 3 1 1 0 Board A B C 1 1 1 0 2 1 0 1 3 1 0 1 moves: 0 Enter Row No or Column Letter to flip ?1 Board A B C 1 0 0 1 2 1 0 1 3 1 0 1 moves: 1 Enter Row No or Column Letter to flip ?C Board A B C 1 0 0 0 2 1 0 0 3 1 0 0 moves: 2 Enter Row No or Column Letter to flip ?B Board A B C 1 0 1 0 2 1 1 0 3 1 1 0 You solved it in 3 move(s) ! (halted)
REXX
This REXX version allows the specification (on the invocation line) for:
- the size of the array (grid) [the default is 3, the maximum is 26]
- the number of bits (for the target) to be flipped is the size of the grid (the whole row or column)
Programming note: none of the command line parameters (N and u) are checked for errors (so as to make the
program simpler). A fair amount of coding was added to check for a legal "move".
<lang rexx>/*REXX program presents a "flipping bit" puzzle. The user can solve via it via C.L. */
parse arg N u seed . /*get optional arguments from the C.L. */
if N== | N=="," then N=3 /*Size given? Then use default of 3.*/
if u== | u=="," then u=N /*the number of bits initialized to ON.*/
if datatype(seed, 'W') then call random ,,seed /*is there a seed (for repeatability?) */
col@= 'a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z' /*literal for column id.*/
cols=space(col@, 0); upper cols /*letters to be used for the columns. */
@.=0; !.=0 /*set both arrays to "off" characters.*/
tries=0 /*number of player's attempts (so far).*/
do while show(0) < u /* [↓] turn "on" U number of bits.*/
r=random(1, N); c=random(1, N) /*get a random row and column. */
@.r.c=1 ; !.r.c=1 /*set (both) row and column to ON. */
end /*while*/ /* [↑] keep going 'til U bits set.*/
oz=z /*save the original array string. */ call show 1, ' ◄═══target═══╣', , 1 /*display the target for user to attain*/
do random(1,2); call flip 'R',random(1,N) /*flip a row of bits. */
call flip 'C',random(1,N) /* " " column " " */
end /*random*/ /* [↑] just perform 1 or 2 times. */
if z==oz then call flip 'R', random(1, N) /*ensure it's not target we're flipping*/
do until z==oz; call prompt /*prompt until they get it right. */
call flip left(?, 1), substr(?, 2) /*flip a user selected row or column. */
call show 0 /*get image (Z) of the updated array. */
end /*until*/
call show 1, ' ◄───your array' /*display the array to the terminal. */ say '─────────Congrats! You did it in' tries "tries." exit tries /*stick a fork in it, we're all done. */ /*──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/ halt: say 'program was halted by user.'; exit /*the REXX program was halted by user. */ hdr: aaa=arg(1); if oo==1 then aaa=translate(aaa, "╔═║", '┌─│'); say aaa; return isInt: return datatype( arg(1), 'W') /*returns 1 if arg is an integer.*/ isLet: return datatype( arg(1), 'M') /*returns 1 if arg is a letter. */ terr: if ok then say '───────── ***error***: illegal' arg(1); ok=0; return /*──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/ flip: arg x,#; do c=1 for N while x=='R'; @.#.c = \@.#.c; end /*c*/
do r=1 for N while x=='C'; @.r.# = \@.r.#; end /*r*/; return
/*──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/ prompt: if tries\==0 then say '─────────bit array after play: ' tries
signal on halt /*another method for the player to quit*/
!='─────────Please enter a row number or a column letter, or Quit:'
call show 1, ' ◄───your array' /*display the array to the terminal. */
do forever until ok; ok=1; say; say !; pull ? _ . 1 aa
if abbrev('QUIT', ?, 1) then do; say '─────────quitting···'; exit 0; end
if ?== then do; call show 1," ◄═══target═══╣",.,1; ok=0
call show 1," ◄───your array"
end /* [↑] reshow targ*/
if _ \== then call terr 'too many args entered:' aa
if \isInt(?) & \isLet(?) then call terr 'row/column: ' ?
if isLet(?) then a=pos(?, cols)
if isLet(?) & (a<1 | a>N | length(?)>1) then call terr 'column: ' ?
if isLet(?) then ?='C'pos(?, cols)
if isInt(?) & (?<1 | ?>N) then call terr 'row: ' ?
if isInt(?) then ?='R' || (?/1) /*normalize number*/
end /*forever*/ /*end of da checks*/
tries= tries + 1 /*bump da counter.*/
return ? /*return response.*/
/*──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/ show: $=0; _=; parse arg tell,tx,o,oo /*$≡num of ON bits*/
if tell then do; say; say ' ' subword(col@, 1, N) " column letter"
call hdr 'row ┌'copies('─', N+N+1) /*prepend col hdrs*/
end /* [↑] grid hdrs.*/
z= /* [↓] build grid.*/
do r=1 for N /*show grid rows.*/
do c=1 for N; if o==. then do; z=z || !.r.c; _=_ !.r.c; $=$ + !.r.c; end
else do; z=z || @.r.c; _=_ @.r.c; $=$ + @.r.c; end
end /*c*/ /*··· and sum ONs.*/
if tx\== then tar.r=_ tx /*build da target?*/
if tell then call hdr right(r, 2) ' │'_ tx; _= /*show the grid? */
end /*r*/ /*show a grid row.*/
if tell then say; return $ /*show blank line?*/</lang>
- output when using the default input of: 3
Note that the user's input is also shown (annotated).
Also note that the 2nd answer was a blank (or nothing), which caused the program to re-show the target array.
a b c column letter
row ╔═══════
1 ║ 0 1 0 ◄═══target═══╣
2 ║ 0 0 0 ◄═══target═══╣
3 ║ 0 1 1 ◄═══target═══╣
a b c column letter
row ┌───────
1 │ 1 0 0 ◄───your array
2 │ 1 1 0 ◄───your array
3 │ 0 1 0 ◄───your array
─────────Please enter a row number or a column letter, or Quit:
b ◄■■■■■■■■■■■■■ user input
─────────bit array after play: 1
a b c column letter
row ┌───────
1 │ 1 1 0 ◄───your array
2 │ 1 0 0 ◄───your array
3 │ 0 0 0 ◄───your array
─────────Please enter a row number or a column letter, or Quit:
a ◄■■■■■■■■■■■■■ user input
─────────bit array after play: 2
a b c column letter
row ┌───────
1 │ 0 1 0 ◄───your array
2 │ 0 0 0 ◄───your array
3 │ 1 0 0 ◄───your array
─────────Please enter a row number or a column letter, or Quit:
3 ◄■■■■■■■■■■■■■ user input
a b c column letter
row ┌───────
1 │ 0 1 0 ◄───your array
2 │ 0 0 0 ◄───your array
3 │ 0 1 1 ◄───your array
─────────Congrats! You did it in 3 tries.
- output when using the following was used for input: 5
a b c d e column letter
row ╔═══════════
1 ║ 1 0 0 0 0 ◄═══target═══╣
2 ║ 1 0 0 0 0 ◄═══target═══╣
3 ║ 1 0 0 0 0 ◄═══target═══╣
4 ║ 0 0 0 0 0 ◄═══target═══╣
5 ║ 0 0 1 1 0 ◄═══target═══╣
a b c d e column letter
row ┌───────────
1 │ 0 0 1 1 0 ◄───your array
2 │ 1 1 0 0 1 ◄───your array
3 │ 1 1 0 0 1 ◄───your array
4 │ 0 1 0 0 1 ◄───your array
5 │ 0 1 1 1 1 ◄───your array
─────────Please enter a row number or a column letter, or Quit:
q
─────────quitting···
Ring
<lang ring> load "guilib.ring" load "stdlib.ring"
size = 3 flip = newlist(size,size) board = newlist(size,size) colflip = list(size) rowflip = list(size)
new qapp
{
win1 = new qwidget() {
setwindowtitle("Flipping bits game")
setgeometry(465,115,800,600)
label1 = new qlabel(win1) {
setgeometry(285,60,120,40)
settext("Target")
}
label2 = new qlabel(win1) {
setgeometry(285,220,120,40)
settext("Board")
}
for n = 1 to size
for m = 1 to size
flip[n][m] = new qpushbutton(win1) {
setgeometry(200+n*40,60+m*40,40,40)
settext(string(random(1)))
}
next
next
for n = 1 to size
for m = 1 to size
board[n][m] = new qpushbutton(win1) {
setgeometry(200+n*40,260+m*40,40,40)
setclickevent("draw(" + n + "," + m +")")
}
next
next
for n = 1 to size
colflip[n]= new qpushbutton(win1) {
setgeometry(200+n*40,260,40,40)
settext("Go")
setclickevent("coldraw(" + n + ")")
}
next
for n = 1 to size
rowflip[n]= new qpushbutton(win1) {
setgeometry(200,260+n*40,40,40)
settext("Go")
setclickevent("rowdraw(" + n + ")")
}
next
scramblebutton = new qpushbutton(win1) {
setgeometry(240,460,120,40)
settext("Scramble Board")
setclickevent("scramble(flip)")
}
scramblebegin(flip)
show()
}
exec()
}
func coldraw(n)
for row = 1 to size
board[n][row] {temp = text()}
if temp = "0"
board[n][row].settext("1")
else
board[n][row].settext("0")
ok
next
func rowdraw(n)
for col = 1 to size
board[col][n] {temp = text()}
if temp = "0"
board[col][n].settext("1")
else
board[col][n].settext("0")
ok
next
func scramble(flip)
for col = 1 to size
for row = 1 to size
flip[col][row]{temp = text()}
board[col][row].settext(temp)
next
next
for mix = 1 to size*10
colorrow = random(1) + 1
colrow = random(size-1) + 1
if colorrow = 1
rc = "coldraw"
else
rc = "rowdraw"
ok
go = rc + "(" + colrow + ")"
eval(go)
next
func scramblebegin(flip)
for col = 1 to size
for row = 1 to size
flip[col][row]{temp = text()}
board[col][row].settext(temp)
next
next
</lang> Output:
Ruby
<lang ruby>class FlipBoard
def initialize(size)
raise ArgumentError.new("Invalid board size: #{size}") if size < 2
@size = size
@board = Array.new(size**2, 0)
randomize_board
loop do
@target = generate_target
break unless solved?
end
# these are used for validating user input
@columns = [*'a'...('a'.ord+@size).chr]
@rows = (1..@size).map(&:to_s)
end
############################################################
def play
moves = 0
puts "your target:", target
until solved?
puts "", "move #{moves}:", self
print "Row/column to flip: "
ans = $stdin.gets.strip
if @columns.include? ans
flip_column @columns.index(ans)
moves += 1
elsif @rows.include? ans
flip_row @rows.index(ans)
moves += 1
else
puts "invalid input: " + ans
end
end
puts "", "you solved the game in #{moves} moves", self
end
# the target formation as a string
def target
format_array @target
end
# the current formation as a string
def to_s
format_array @board
end
############################################################
private
def solved?
@board == @target
end
# flip a random number of bits on the board
def randomize_board
(@size + rand(@size)).times do
flip_bit rand(@size), rand(@size)
end
end
# generate a random number of flip_row/flip_column calls
def generate_target
orig_board = @board.clone
(@size + rand(@size)).times do
rand(2).zero? ? flip_row( rand(@size) ) : flip_column( rand(@size) )
end
target, @board = @board, orig_board
target
end
def flip_row(row)
@size.times {|col| flip_bit(row, col)}
end
def flip_column(col)
@size.times {|row| flip_bit(row, col)}
end
def flip_bit(row, col)
@board[@size * row + col] ^= 1
end
def format_array(ary)
str = " " + @columns.join(" ") + "\n"
@size.times do |row|
str << "%2s " % @rows[row] + ary[@size*row, @size].join(" ") + "\n"
end
str
end
end
begin
FlipBoard.new(ARGV.shift.to_i).play
rescue => e
puts e.message
end</lang>
Sample game:
$ ruby flipping_bits.rb 3 your target: a b c 1 1 0 1 2 0 1 1 3 0 1 0 move 0: a b c 1 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 3 0 0 1 Row/column to flip: 1 move 1: a b c 1 1 1 0 2 0 0 0 3 0 0 1 Row/column to flip: b move 2: a b c 1 1 0 0 2 0 1 0 3 0 1 1 Row/column to flip: c you solved the game in 3 moves a b c 1 1 0 1 2 0 1 1 3 0 1 0
Rust
<lang rust> // For random generation extern crate rand;
// For fmt::Display use std::fmt; // For I/O (stdin, stdout, etc) use std::io::prelude::*;
use rand::Rng;
/// A simple struct for a board struct Board {
/// The cells of the board cells: Vec<bool>, /// The size of the board size: usize,
}
// Functions for the Board struct impl Board {
/// Generate a new, empty board, of size >= 1
///
/// Returns a Board in the "off" state, where all cells are 0.
/// If a size of 0 is given, a Board of size 1 will be created instead.
/// A mutable board is required for using Board::fliprow and Board::flipcol functions.
///
/// ```
/// let mut board: Board = Board::new(3);
/// ```
fn new(size: usize) -> Board {
// Ensure we make a board with a non-zero size
if size > 0 {
Board {
cells: vec![false; size * size],
size,
}
} else {
Board::new(1)
}
}
/// Flip the specified row
///
/// Returns true if the row is within the size, false otherwise.
///
/// ```
/// let mut board: Board = Board::new(3);
/// board.fliprow(1);
/// ```
fn fliprow(&mut self, row: usize) -> bool {
// Check constraints
if row > self.size {
return false;
}
// Starting position in the vector
let start = row * self.size;
// Loop through the vector row
for i in start..start + self.size {
self.cells[i] = !self.cells[i];
}
true
}
/// Flip the specified column
///
/// Returns true if the column is within the size, false otherwise.
///
/// ```
/// let mut board: Board = Board::new(3);
/// board.flipcol(0);
/// ```
fn flipcol(&mut self, col: usize) -> bool {
// Check constraints
if col > self.size {
return false;
}
// Loop through the vector column
for i in 0..self.size {
self.cells[col + i * self.size] = !self.cells[col + i * self.size];
}
true
}
/// Generate a random board
///
/// Returns a Board in a random state.
/// If a size of 0 is given, a Board of size 1 will be created instead.
///
/// ```
/// let target: Board = Board::random(3);
/// ```
fn random<R: Rng>(rng: &mut R, size: usize) -> Board {
// Ensure we make a board with a non-zero size
if size == 0 {
return Board::random(rng, 1);
}
// Make a vector of the board size with random bits
let cells = (0..size * size)
.map(|_| rng.gen::<bool>())
.collect::<Vec<_>>();
// Return the random board
Board { cells, size }
}
}
impl PartialEq for Board {
fn eq(&self, rhs: &Board) -> bool {
self.cells == rhs.cells
}
}
// Implement the Display format, used with `print!("{}", &board);` impl fmt::Display for Board {
// Example output:
// 0 1 2
// 0 0 1 0
// 1 1 0 0
// 2 0 1 1
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
// Get the string width of the size of the board
let width = (self.size - 1).to_string().len();
// Write the initial spaces (upper left)
write!(f, "{space: >0$}", width, space = " ")?;
// Write the column numbers
for i in 0..self.size {
write!(f, " {offset:>0$}", width, offset = i)?;
}
// Newline for rows
writeln!(f)?;
// Loop through the rows
for row in 0..self.size {
// Write the row number
write!(f, "{row:>0$}", width, row = row)?;
// Loop through the columns
for col in 0..self.size {
// Get the value of the cell as 1 or 0
let p = self.cells[row * self.size + col] as usize;
// Write the column value
write!(f, " {col:>0$}", width, col = p)?;
}
// Newline for next row
writeln!(f)?;
}
// Return Formatter result
Ok(())
}
}
fn main() {
let mut rng = rand::thread_rng();
// The board size
let size: usize = 3;
// The target board
let target: Board = Board::random(&mut rng, size);
// The user board
let mut board: Board = Board::new(size);
// How many moves taken
let mut moves: u32 = 0;
// Loop until win or quit
'mainloop: loop {
// User input
let mut input: String;
// Write the boards
println!("Target:\n{}\nBoard:\n{}", &target, &board);
// User input loop
'userinput: loop {
// Prompt
print!("\nFlip? [q|[r|c]#] ");
// Flush stdout to write the previous print, if we can't then exit
match std::io::stdout().flush() {
Ok(_) => {}
Err(e) => {
println!("Error: cannot flush stdout: {}", e);
break 'mainloop;
}
};
// Reset input for each loop
input = String::new();
// Read user input
match std::io::stdin().read_line(&mut input) {
Ok(_) => {
input = input.trim().to_string();
// Get the first character
let rc: char = match input.chars().next() {
Some(c) => c,
None => {
println!("Error: No input");
continue 'userinput;
}
};
// Make sure input is r, c, or q
if rc != 'r' && rc != 'c' && rc != 'q' {
println!("Error: '{}': Must use 'r'ow or 'c'olumn or 'q'uit", rc);
continue 'userinput;
}
// If input is q, exit game
if rc == 'q' {
println!("Thanks for playing!");
break 'mainloop;
}
// If input is r or c, get the number after
let n: usize = match input[1..].to_string().parse() {
Ok(x) => {
// If we're within bounds, return the parsed number
if x < size {
x
} else {
println!(
"Error: Must specify a row or column within size({})",
size
);
continue 'userinput;
}
}
Err(_) => {
println!(
"Error: '{}': Unable to parse row or column number",
input[1..].to_string()
);
continue 'userinput;
}
};
// Flip the row or column specified
match rc {
'r' => board.fliprow(n),
'c' => board.flipcol(n),
_ => {
// We want to panic here because should NEVER
// have anything other than 'r' or 'c' here
panic!("How did you end up here?");
}
};
// Increment moves
moves += 1;
println!("Moves taken: {}", moves);
break 'userinput;
}
Err(e) => {
println!("Error reading input: {}", e);
break 'mainloop;
}
}
} // 'userinput
if board == target {
println!("You win!");
break;
}
} // 'mainloop
} </lang>
- Output:
Target: 0 1 2 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 2 0 1 1 Board: 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 Flip? [q|[r|c]#] r1 Moves taken: 1 Target: 0 1 2 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 2 0 1 1 Board: 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 2 0 0 0
Scala
Java Swing Interoperability
<lang Scala>import java.awt.{BorderLayout, Color, Dimension, Font, Graphics, Graphics2D, Rectangle, RenderingHints} import java.awt.event.{MouseAdapter, MouseEvent}
import javax.swing.{JFrame, JPanel}
object FlippingBitsGame extends App {
class FlippingBitsGame extends JPanel {
private val maxLevel: Int = 7
private val box: Rectangle = new Rectangle(120, 90, 400, 400)
private var n: Int = maxLevel
private var grid: Array[Array[Boolean]] = _ private var target: Array[Array[Boolean]] = _
private var solved: Boolean = true
override def paintComponent(gg: Graphics): Unit = {
def drawGrid(g: Graphics2D): Unit = {
if (solved) g.drawString("Solved! Click here to play again.", 180, 600)
else g.drawString("Click next to a row or a column to flip.", 170, 600)
val size: Int = box.width / n
for {r <- 0 until n
c <- 0 until n} {
g.setColor(if (grid(r)(c)) Color.blue else Color.orange)
g.fillRect(box.x + c * size, box.y + r * size, size, size)
g.setColor(getBackground)
g.drawRect(box.x + c * size, box.y + r * size, size, size)
g.setColor(if (target(r)(c)) Color.blue else Color.orange)
g.fillRect(7 + box.x + c * size, 7 + box.y + r * size, 10, 10)
}
}
super.paintComponent(gg)
val g: Graphics2D = gg.asInstanceOf[Graphics2D]
g.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_ANTIALIASING, RenderingHints.VALUE_ANTIALIAS_ON)
drawGrid(g)
}
private def printGrid(msg: String, g: Array[Array[Boolean]]): Unit = {
println(msg)
for (row <- g) println(row.mkString(", "))
println()
}
private def startNewGame(): Unit = {
val rand = scala.util.Random
if (solved) {
val minLevel: Int = 3
n = if (n == maxLevel) minLevel else n + 1
grid = Array.ofDim[Boolean](n, n)
target = Array.ofDim[Boolean](n, n)
do {
def shuffle(): Unit = for (i <- 0 until n * n)
if (rand.nextBoolean()) flipRow(rand.nextInt(n)) else flipCol(rand.nextInt(n))
shuffle()
for (i <- grid.indices) grid(i).copyToArray(target(i)) //, n)
shuffle()
} while (solved(grid, target))
solved = false
printGrid("The target", target)
printGrid("The board", grid)
}
}
private def solved(a: Array[Array[Boolean]], b: Array[Array[Boolean]]): Boolean =
a.indices.forall(i => a(i) sameElements b(i))
private def flipRow(r: Int): Unit = for (c <- 0 until n) grid(r)(c) ^= true
private def flipCol(c: Int): Unit = for (row <- grid) row(c) ^= true
setPreferredSize(new Dimension(640, 640))
setBackground(Color.white)
setFont(new Font("SansSerif", Font.PLAIN, 18))
startNewGame()
addMouseListener(new MouseAdapter() {
override def mousePressed(e: MouseEvent): Unit = {
if (solved) startNewGame()
else {
val x: Int = e.getX
val y: Int = e.getY
if (box.contains(x, y)) return
if (x > box.x && x < box.x + box.width) flipCol((x - box.x) / (box.width / n))
else if (y > box.y && y < box.y + box.height) flipRow((y - box.y) / (box.height / n))
solved = solved(grid, target)
printGrid(if (solved) "Solved!" else "The board", grid)
}
repaint()
}
})
}
new JFrame("Flipping Bits Game") {
add(new FlippingBitsGame(), BorderLayout.CENTER)
pack()
setDefaultCloseOperation(javax.swing.WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE)
setLocationRelativeTo(null)
setResizable(false)
setVisible(true)
}
}</lang>
Swift
<lang swift>import Foundation
struct Board: Equatable, CustomStringConvertible {
let size: Int private var tiles: [Bool]
init(size: Int) {
self.size = size
tiles = Array(count: size * size, repeatedValue: false)
}
subscript(x: Int, y: Int) -> Bool {
get {
return tiles[y * size + x]
}
set {
tiles[y * size + x] = newValue
}
}
mutating func randomize() {
for i in 0..<tiles.count {
tiles[i] = Bool(random() % 2)
}
}
mutating func flipRow(row: Int) {
for i in 0..<size {
self[row, i] = !self[row, i]
}
}
mutating func flipColumn(column: Int) {
for i in 0..<size {
self[i, column] = !self[i, column]
}
}
var description: String {
var desc = "\n\ta\tb\tc\n"
for i in 0..<size {
desc += "\(i+1):\t"
for j in 0..<size {
desc += "\(Int(self[i, j]))\t"
}
desc += "\n"
}
return desc }
}
func ==(lhs: Board, rhs: Board) -> Bool {
return lhs.tiles == rhs.tiles
}
class FlippingGame: CustomStringConvertible {
var board: Board
var target: Board
var solved: Bool { return board == target }
init(boardSize: Int) {
target = Board(size: 3)
board = Board(size: 3)
generateTarget()
}
func generateTarget() {
target.randomize()
board = target
let size = board.size
while solved {
for _ in 0..<size + (random() % size + 1) {
if random() % 2 == 0 {
board.flipColumn(random() % size)
}
else {
board.flipRow(random() % size)
}
}
}
}
func getMove() -> Bool {
print(self)
print("Flip what? ", terminator: "")
guard
let move = readLine(stripNewline: true)
where move.characters.count == 1
else { return false }
var moveValid = true
if let row = Int(move) {
board.flipRow(row - 1)
}
else if let column = move.lowercaseString.utf8.first where column < 100 && column > 96 {
board.flipColumn(numericCast(column) - 97)
}
else {
moveValid = false
}
return moveValid }
var description: String {
var str = ""
print("Target: \n \(target)", toStream: &str)
print("Board: \n \(board)", toStream: &str)
return str }
}
func playGame(game: FlippingGame) -> String {
game.generateTarget()
var numMoves = 0
while !game.solved {
numMoves++
print("Move #\(numMoves)")
while !game.getMove() {}
}
print("You win!")
print("Number of moves: \(numMoves)")
print("\n\nPlay Again? ", terminator: "")
return readLine(stripNewline: true)!.lowercaseString
}
let game = FlippingGame(boardSize: 3) repeat { } while playGame(game) == "y" </lang>
- Output:
Move #1 Target: a b c 1: 1 1 0 2: 0 0 1 3: 1 0 1 Board: a b c 1: 0 1 0 2: 1 0 1 3: 0 0 1 Flip what? a You win! Number of moves: 1 Play Again? n
Tcl
<lang tcl>package require Tcl 8.6
oo::class create Flip {
variable board target s
constructor {size} {
set s $size set target [my RandomConfiguration] set board $target while {$board eq $target} { for {set i 0} {$i < $s} {incr i} { if {rand()<.5} { my SwapRow $i } if {rand()<.5} { my SwapColumn $i } } }
}
method RandomConfiguration Template:P 0.5 {
for {set row 0} {$row < $s} {incr row} { set r {} for {set col 0} {$col < $s} {incr col} { lappend r [expr {rand() < $p}] } lappend result $r } return $result
}
method SwapRow {rowId} {
for {set i 0} {$i < $s} {incr i} { lset board $rowId $i [expr {![lindex $board $rowId $i]}] }
}
method SwapColumn {columnId} {
for {set i 0} {$i < $s} {incr i} { lset board $i $columnId [expr {![lindex $board $i $columnId]}] }
}
method Render {configuration {prefixes {}}} {
join [lmap r $configuration p $prefixes { format %s%s $p [join [lmap c $r {string index ".X" $c}] ""] }] "\n"
}
method GetInput {prompt} {
puts -nonewline "${prompt}: " flush stdout gets stdin
}
method play {} {
set p0 {} set p {} set top [format "%*s " [string length $s] ""] for {set i 1;set j 97} {$i<=$s} {incr i;incr j} { append top [format %c $j] lappend p [format "%*d " [string length $s] $i] lappend p0 [format "%*s " [string length $s] ""] }
set moves 0 puts "You are trying to get to:\n[my Render $target $p0]\n" while true { puts "Current configuration (#$moves):\n$top\n[my Render $board $p]"
# Test for if we've won if {$board eq $target} break
# Ask the user for a move set i [my GetInput "Pick a column (letter) or row (number) to flip"]
# Parse the move and apply it if {[string is lower -strict $i] && [set c [expr {[scan $i "%c"] - 97}]]<$s} { my SwapColumn $c incr moves } elseif {[string is integer -strict $i] && $i>0 && $i<=$s} { my SwapRow [expr {$i - 1}] incr moves } else { puts "Error: bad selection" } puts "" } puts "\nYou win! (You took $moves moves.)"
}
}
Flip create flip 3 flip play </lang>
- Example game:
You are trying to get to: .XX XXX X.X Current configuration (#0): abc 1 .X. 2 ..X 3 X.. Pick a column (letter) or row (number) to flip: 2 Current configuration (#1): abc 1 .X. 2 XX. 3 X.. Pick a column (letter) or row (number) to flip: c Current configuration (#2): abc 1 .XX 2 XXX 3 X.X You win! (You took 2 moves.)
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