Bacon cipher
Bacon's cipher is a method of steganography created by Francis Bacon. This task is to implement a program for encryption and decryption of plaintext using the simple alphabet of the Baconian cipher or some other kind of representation of this alphabet (make anything signify anything).
The Baconian alphabet:
a AAAAA g AABBA n ABBAA t BAABA b AAAAB h AABBB o ABBAB u-v BAABB c AAABA i-j ABAAA p ABBBA w BABAA d AAABB k ABAAB q ABBBB x BABAB e AABAA l ABABA r BAAAA y BABBA f AABAB m ABABB s BAAAB z BABBB
- The Baconian alphabet may optionally be extended to encode all lower case characters individually and/or adding a few punctuation characters such as the space.
- It is impractical to use the original change in font for the steganography. For this task you must provide an example that uses a change in the case of successive alphabetical characters instead. Other examples for the language are encouraged to explore alternative steganographic means.
- Show an example plaintext message encoded and then decoded here on this page.
Agena
Tested with Agena 2.9.5 Win32
<lang agena># Bacon cipher
- Bacon's letter codes but with distinct values for i & j and u & v and an extra for any non-letter
baconCodes := [ "A" ~ "AAAAA", "B" ~ "AAAAB", "C" ~ "AAABA", "D" ~ "AAABB", "E" ~ "AABAA"
, "F" ~ "AABAB", "G" ~ "AABBA", "H" ~ "AABBB", "I" ~ "ABAAA", "J" ~ "ABAAB"
, "K" ~ "ABABA", "L" ~ "ABABB", "M" ~ "ABBAA", "N" ~ "ABBAB", "O" ~ "ABBBA"
, "P" ~ "ABBBB", "Q" ~ "BAAAA", "R" ~ "BAAAB", "S" ~ "BAABA", "T" ~ "BAABB"
, "U" ~ "BABAA", "V" ~ "BABAB", "W" ~ "BABBA", "X" ~ "BABBB", "Y" ~ "BBAAA"
, "Z" ~ "BBAAB", "*" ~ "BBBAA"
];
- yields plain text encoded via stego template
toBacon :=
proc( plainText :: string, stegoTemplate :: string ) :: string is
local stegoPos := 0;
local stegoLen := size stegoTemplate;
# selects the next character from the stego template - wraps-around from the end to the beginning
local nextStegoPos := proc() is inc stegoPos, 1; mod stegoPos, stegoLen end;
# encode the plain text
local encoded := "";
for pos to size plainText do
# get the Bacon code of the next character #
local plainChar := upper( plainText[ pos ] );
local code := baconCodes[ if plainChar < "A" or plainChar > "Z" then "*" else plainChar fi ];
for c to size code do
# copy punctuation as is from the stego template to the result
local s := upper( stegoTemplate[ stegoPos + 1 ] );
while s < "A" or s > "Z" do
encoded := encoded & s;
nextStegoPos();
s := if stegoPos < size stegoTemplate then upper( stegoTemplate[ stegoPos + 1 ] ) else "A" fi
od;
# encode the character by changing the case of the stego character as appropriate
local templateChar := stegoTemplate[ stegoPos + 1 ];
encoded := encoded & if code[ c ] = "A" then lower( templateChar ) else upper( templateChar ) fi;
nextStegoPos()
od
od;
return encoded
end ; # toBacon
- yields bacon text decoded via stego template
toPlain := proc( baconText :: string, stegoTemplate :: string ) :: string is
local decoded := "";
local codedChar := 0;
local letters := 0;
local codeLength := size baconCodes[ "A" ];
for pos to size baconText do
local c := baconText[ pos ];
if c >= "a" and c <= "z"
then
# lower case letter
mul codedChar, 2;
inc letters, 1
elif c >= "A" and c <= "Z"
then
# upper case letter
mul codedChar, 2;
inc codedChar, 1;
inc letters, 1
fi;
if letters = codeLength
then
# have a full letter to decode
decoded := decoded & if codedChar > 25 then " " else char( abs( "a" ) + codedChar ) fi;
letters := 0;
codedChar := 0
fi
od;
return decoded
end ; # toPlain
- test encode and decode
scope
local nl := char( 10 );
local testTemplate := "bacon's cipher is a method of steganography created by francis bacon." & nl
& "this task is to implement a program for encryption and decryption of " & nl
& "plaintext using the simple alphabet of the baconian cipher or some " & nl
& "other kind of representation of this alphabet (make anything signify anything). " & nl
& "the baconian alphabet may optionally be extended to encode all lower " & nl
& "case characters individually and/or adding a few punctuation characters " & nl
& "such as the space." & nl
;
local plainText := "the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog";
local baconEncoded := toBacon( plainText, testTemplate );
local baconDecoded := toPlain( baconEncoded, testTemplate );
print( "encoded..." );
print( baconEncoded );
print( "-----------------------------------------------------" );
print( "decoded..." );
print( baconDecoded );
print( "-----------------------------------------------------" );
print( if baconDecoded <> plainText then "UNSUCESSFUL" else "sucessful" fi, " decode" )
epocs</lang>
- Output:
encoded... BacON's cIPHer Is a METhoD of stEgAnogRaphy crEatEd By FRAncis baCOn. thIs TASk Is TO imPLeMENT a proGrAm FOR eNcRYPTIOn anD deCRyPtioN Of plAINTExt UsING the SIMpLe AlPhaBet Of thE BAConIan CIphER Or sOme OTHer kInD Of reprESenTATion OF This alPHaBET (makE An ----------------------------------------------------- decoded... the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog ----------------------------------------------------- sucessful decode
ALGOL 68
<lang algol68># Bacon's letter codes but with distinct values for i & j and u & v and an extra for any non-letter # []STRING bacon codes = ( #a# "AAAAA", "AAAAB", "AAABA", "AAABB", "AABAA", "AABAB", "AABBA", "AABBB", "ABAAA"
, #j# "ABAAB", "ABABA", "ABABB", "ABBAA", "ABBAB", "ABBBA", "ABBBB", "BAAAA", "BAAAB"
, #s# "BAABA", "BAABB", "BABAA", "BABAB", "BABBA", "BABBB", "BBAAA", "BBAAB", "BBBAA"
);
- operators to convert case #
OP LCASE = ( CHAR c )CHAR: IF c < "A" OR c > "Z" THEN c ELSE REPR ( ( ABS c - ABS "A" ) + ABS "a" ) FI; OP UCASE = ( CHAR c )CHAR: IF c < "a" OR c > "z" THEN c ELSE REPR ( ( ABS c - ABS "a" ) + ABS "A" ) FI;
- yields plain text encoded via stego template #
PROC to bacon = ( STRING plain text, STRING stego template )STRING:
BEGIN
INT stego pos := 0;
INT stego len = ( UPB stego template + 1 ) - LWB stego template;
INT stego start = LWB stego template;
# selects the next character from the stego template - wraps-around from the end to the beginning #
PROC next stego pos = VOID: ( stego pos +:= 1; stego pos MODAB stego len);
# encode the plain text #
STRING encoded := "";
FOR pos FROM LWB plain text TO UPB plain text DO
# get the Bacon code of the next character #
CHAR plain char = UCASE plain text[ pos ];
STRING code =
bacon codes[ IF plain char < "A" OR plain char > "Z" THEN UPB bacon codes ELSE ( ABS plain char - ABS "A" ) + 1 FI ];
FOR c FROM LWB code TO UPB code DO
# copy punctuation as is from the stego template to the result #
WHILE CHAR s := UCASE stego template[ stego pos + stego start ];
s < "A" OR s > "Z"
DO
encoded +:= s;
next stego pos
OD;
# encode the character by changing the case of the stego character as appropriate #
CHAR template char = stego template[ stego pos + stego start ];
encoded +:= IF code[ c ] = "A" THEN LCASE template char ELSE UCASE template char FI;
next stego pos
OD
OD;
encoded
END ; # to bacon #
- yields bacon text decoded via stego template #
PROC to plain = ( STRING bacon text, stego template )STRING:
BEGIN
STRING decoded := "";
INT coded char := 0;
INT letters := 0;
INT code length = ( UPB bacon codes[ 1 ] - LWB bacon codes[ 1 ] ) + 1;
FOR pos FROM LWB bacon text TO UPB bacon text DO
CHAR c = bacon text[ pos ];
IF c >= "a" AND c <= "z"
THEN
# lower case letter #
coded char *:= 2;
letters +:= 1
ELIF c >= "A" AND c <= "Z"
THEN
# upper case letter #
coded char *:= 2;
coded char +:= 1;
letters +:= 1
FI;
IF letters = code length
THEN
# have a full letter to decode #
decoded +:= IF coded char > 25 THEN " " ELSE REPR ( ABS "a" + coded char ) FI;
letters := 0;
coded char := 0
FI
OD;
decoded
END ; # to plain #
- test encode and decode #
STRING test template = "bacon's cipher is a method of steganography created by francis bacon." + REPR 10
+ "this task is to implement a program for encryption and decryption of " + REPR 10
+ "plaintext using the simple alphabet of the baconian cipher or some " + REPR 10
+ "other kind of representation of this alphabet (make anything signify anything). " + REPR 10
+ "the baconian alphabet may optionally be extended to encode all lower " + REPR 10
+ "case characters individually and/or adding a few punctuation characters " + REPR 10
+ "such as the space." + REPR 10
;
STRING plain text = "the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog"; STRING bacon encoded = to bacon( plain text, test template ); STRING bacon decoded = to plain( bacon encoded, test template ); print( ( "encoded...", newline ) ); print( ( bacon encoded, newline ) ); print( ( "-----------------------------------------------------", newline, "decoded...", newline ) ); print( ( bacon decoded, newline ) ); print( ( "-----------------------------------------------------", newline ) ); print( ( IF bacon decoded /= plain text THEN "UNSUCESSFUL" ELSE "sucessful" FI, " decode", newline ) )</lang>
- Output:
encoded... BacON's cIPHer Is a METhoD of stEgAnogRaphy crEatEd By FRAncis baCOn. thIs TASk Is TO imPLeMENT a proGrAm FOR eNcRYPTIOn anD deCRyPtioN Of plAINTExt UsING the SIMpLe AlPhaBet Of thE BAConIan CIphER Or sOme OTHer kInD Of reprESenTATion OF This alPHaBET (makE An ----------------------------------------------------- decoded... the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog ----------------------------------------------------- sucessful decode
C++
Bacon cipher implementation
<lang cpp>
- include <iostream>
- include <algorithm>
- include <vector>
- include <bitset>
- include <string>
class bacon { public:
bacon() {
int x = 0;
for( ; x < 9; x++ )
bAlphabet.push_back( std::bitset<5>( x ).to_string() );
bAlphabet.push_back( bAlphabet.back() );
for( ; x < 20; x++ )
bAlphabet.push_back( std::bitset<5>( x ).to_string() );
bAlphabet.push_back( bAlphabet.back() );
for( ; x < 24; x++ )
bAlphabet.push_back( std::bitset<5>( x ).to_string() );
}
std::string encode( std::string txt ) {
std::string r;
size_t z;
for( std::string::iterator i = txt.begin(); i != txt.end(); i++ ) {
z = toupper( *i );
if( z < 'A' || z > 'Z' ) continue;
r.append( bAlphabet.at( ( *i & 31 ) - 1 ) );
}
return r;
}
std::string decode( std::string txt ) {
size_t len = txt.length();
while( len % 5 != 0 ) len--;
if( len != txt.length() ) txt = txt.substr( 0, len );
std::string r;
for( size_t i = 0; i < len; i += 5 ) {
r.append( 1, 'A' + std::distance( bAlphabet.begin(), std::find( bAlphabet.begin(), bAlphabet.end(), txt.substr( i, 5 ) ) ) );
}
return r;
}
private:
std::vector<std::string> bAlphabet;
}; </lang>
These next 2 classes use the 0's & 1's generated by the 'Bacon encryption' to create different the outputs. One could go wild here... <lang cpp> class cipherI { public:
std::string encode( std::string txt ) {
txt = b.encode( txt );
std::string e, d = "one morning, when gregor samsa woke from troubled dreams, he found himself transformed "
"in his bed into a horrible vermin. he lay on his armour-like back, and if he lifted his head a little he "
"could see his brown belly, slightly domed and divided by arches into stiff sections.";
size_t r = 0;
char t;
for( std::string::iterator i = txt.begin(); i != txt.end(); i++ ) {
t = d.at( r );
while( t < 'a' || t > 'z' ) {
e.append( 1, t );
r++;
t = d.at( r );
}
r++;
e.append( 1, *i == '1' ? t - 32 : t );
}
return e; }
std::string decode( std::string txt ) {
std::string h;
for( std::string::iterator i = txt.begin(); i != txt.end(); i++ ) {
if( *i < 'a' && ( *i < 'A' || *i > 'Z' ) || *i > 'z' ) continue;
h.append( 1, *i & 32 ? '0' : '1' );
}
return b.decode( h );
}
private:
bacon b;
};
class cipherII { public:
std::string encode( std::string txt ) {
txt = b.encode( txt );
std::string e;
for( std::string::iterator i = txt.begin(); i != txt.end(); i++ )
e.append( 1, *i == '0' ? 0xf9 : 0xfa );
return e;
}
std::string decode( std::string txt ) {
std::string h;
for( std::string::iterator i = txt.begin(); i != txt.end(); i++ ) {
h.append( 1, *i == ( char )0xf9 ? '0' : '1' );
}
return b.decode( h );
}
private:
bacon b;
};
int main( int argc, char* argv[] ) {
cipherI c1; cipherII c2; std::string s = "lets have some fun with bacon cipher";
std::string h1 = c1.encode( s ),
h2 = c2.encode( s );
std::cout << h1 << std::endl << std::endl << c1.decode( h1 ) << std::endl << std::endl; std::cout << h2 << std::endl << std::endl << c2.decode( h2 ) << std::endl << std::endl;
return 0;
} </lang>
- Output:
oNe MornIng, WheN gRegoR saMSA woke fRom TRouBleD dreAmS, He FoUnD HimSelf tRaNS foRMeD In hIs Bed iNto a HorRiblE VErmin. He lay on hiS arMOuR-lIKe back, And If he lIFTed hIS HeaD a lIttle LETSHAUESOMEFUNWITHBACONCIPHER ¨·¨·¨¨¨·¨¨·¨¨·¨·¨¨¨·¨¨···¨¨¨¨¨·¨¨··¨¨·¨¨·¨¨¨·¨··¨·¨·¨··¨¨·¨¨¨¨·¨··¨¨··¨··¨¨·¨·¨¨ ¨·¨¨¨·¨¨·¨¨¨···¨¨¨¨·¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨·¨¨··¨·¨··¨¨¨¨¨·¨¨·¨¨¨¨···¨¨¨···¨¨·¨¨·¨¨¨¨ LETSHAUESOMEFUNWITHBACONCIPHER
Haskell
Necessary imports <lang Haskell>import Data.List (findIndex, unfoldr) import Data.Char (isAlpha, isUpper, toUpper, toLower) import Data.Bool (bool)</lang>
The list of characters to be encoded: <lang Haskell>chars = ['a'..'z'] ++ ['0'..'9'] ++ ",.;?! " bitsPerChar = 6 :: Int</lang>
Some simple helper functions: <lang Haskell>toBinary :: Int -> [Bool] toBinary = unfoldr (pure . (\(a,b)->(odd b,a)) . (`divMod` 2))
fromBinary :: [Bool] -> Int fromBinary = foldr (\x n -> 2*n + bool 0 1 x) 0</lang>
And, finally main functions -- encoding: <lang Haskell>encode :: String -> String -> Either String String encode message txt = do
mask <- traverse coding message
zipAlphas (bool toLower toUpper) (concat mask) txt
where
coding ch = case findIndex (== ch) chars of
Nothing -> Left $ "Unknown symbol " ++ show ch
Just i -> Right $ take bitsPerChar (toBinary i)
zipAlphas f = go
where go _ [] = Left "Text is not long enough!"
go [] _ = Right []
go (x:xs) (y:ys) | isAlpha y = (f x y :) <$> go xs ys
| otherwise = (y :) <$> go (x:xs) ys</lang>
And decoding: <lang Haskell>decode :: String -> String decode = map decipher . chunksOf bitsPerChar . filter isAlpha
where decipher = (chars !!) . min (length chars-1) . fromBinary . map isUpper chunksOf n = takeWhile (not . null) . unfoldr (pure . splitAt n)</lang>
Examples
<lang Haskell>text = concat ["Bacon's cipher is a method of steganography created by Francis Bacon. "
,"This task is to implement a program for encryption and decryption of "
,"plaintext using the simple alphabet of the Baconian cipher or some "
,"other kind of representation of this alphabet (make anything signify "
,"anything). The Baconian alphabet may optionally be extended to encode "
,"all lower case characters individually and/or adding a few punctuation "
,"characters such as the space." ]
message = "the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog"</lang>
<lang Haskell>λ> let m = encode message text λ> m Right "BAcoN's CIPher is A metHod Of StegaNogrApHy creAted By franCiS baCon. ThIS task iS to iMplEMEnt a PRoGrAm FOr eNcrYpTIoN and dECRypTIOn Of PlaInTExt Using ThE simPLe aLPHAbet Of tHe BacOnIaN CIphEr Or Some OtheR kinD oF rePrESEntAtION of thiS alpHabEt (MAKe Anything sIgnIFy anyTHiNg). tHe BAConian ALPhabET may" λ> decode <$> m Right "the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog" λ> encode "something wrong @ in the message" text Left "Unknown symbol '@'" λ> encode message "abc" Left "Text is not long enough!"</lang>
J
Implementation:
<lang J>alfa=: 'ABCDEFGHIKLMNOPQRSTUWXYZ' beta=: 26{.(}.~i.&'A')a. norm=: ([ -. -.)&alfa@(rplc&('JIVU'))@toupper enca=:(5#2),@:#:alfa i. norm gena=: ]`((,:tolower)@(beta {~ 26 ?@#~ #))}
encrypt=: gena@enca@norm decrypt=: alfa {~ _5 #.\ 90 < a.&i.</lang>
We use random letters as the basis for our steganography and we use case to represent "font".
Example use:
<lang J> encrypt 'this is a test' nWVkJAPkamEuUJIeTGKnUsTVRfAWWuNBIIHdEIcOAPuTBeXKQduQAdU
encrypt 'this is a test'
sFLkBQKqqaQsGGXzAXQsKlZFBcILRlUIRAQaEQoNUBcHIhFTWbeRAlM
decrypt encrypt 'this is a test'
THISISATEST</lang>
Kotlin
The 'full' Bacon alphabet, which has separate letters for i, j, u and v, has been used in the following: <lang scala>// version 1.0.6
object Bacon {
private val codes = mapOf('a' to "AAAAA", 'b' to "AAAAB", 'c' to "AAABA", 'd' to "AAABB", 'e' to "AABAA",
'f' to "AABAB", 'g' to "AABBA", 'h' to "AABBB", 'i' to "ABAAA", 'j' to "ABAAB",
'k' to "ABABA", 'l' to "ABABB", 'm' to "ABBAA", 'n' to "ABBAB", 'o' to "ABBBA",
'p' to "ABBBB", 'q' to "BAAAA", 'r' to "BAAAB", 's' to "BAABA", 't' to "BAABB",
'u' to "BABAA", 'v' to "BABAB", 'w' to "BABBA", 'x' to "BABBB", 'y' to "BBAAA",
'z' to "BBAAB", ' ' to "BBBAA") // use ' ' to denote any non-letter
fun encode(plainText: String, message: String): String {
val pt = plainText.toLowerCase()
val sb = StringBuilder()
for (c in pt)
if (c in 'a'..'z') sb.append(codes[c])
else sb.append(codes[' '])
val et = sb.toString()
val mg = message.toLowerCase() // 'A's to be in lower case, 'B's in upper case
sb.setLength(0)
var count = 0
for (c in mg)
if (c in 'a'..'z') {
if (et[count] == 'A') sb.append(c)
else sb.append(c - 32) // upper case equivalent
count++
if (count == et.length) break
}
else sb.append(c)
return sb.toString()
}
fun decode(message: String): String {
val sb = StringBuilder()
for (c in message)
when (c) {
in 'a'..'z' -> sb.append('A')
in 'A'..'Z' -> sb.append('B')
}
val et = sb.toString()
sb.setLength(0)
for (i in 0 until et.length step 5) {
val quintet = et.substring(i, i + 5)
val key = codes.entries.find { it.value == quintet }!!.key
sb.append(key)
}
return sb.toString()
}
}
fun main(args: Array<String>) {
val plainText = "the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog"
val message = "bacon's cipher is a method of steganography created by francis bacon." +
"this task is to implement a program for encryption and decryption of " +
"plaintext using the simple alphabet of the baconian cipher or some " +
"other kind of representation of this alphabet (make anything signify anything). " +
"the baconian alphabet may optionally be extended to encode all lower " +
"case characters individually and/or adding a few punctuation characters " +
"such as the space."
val cipherText = Bacon.encode(plainText, message)
println("Cipher text ->\n\n$cipherText")
val decodedText = Bacon.decode(cipherText)
println("\nHidden text ->\n\n$decodedText")
}</lang>
- Output:
Cipher text -> BacON's cIPHer Is a METhoD of stEgAnogRaphy crEatEd By FRAncis baCOn.thIs TASk Is TO imPLeMENT a proGrAm FOR eNcRYPTIOn anD deCRyPtioN Of plAINTExt UsING the SIMpLe AlPhaBet Of thE BAConIan CIphER Or sOme OTHer kInD Of reprESenTATion OF This alPHaBET (makE An Hidden text -> the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog
Lua
Based on C++ version <lang Lua> function Bacon( txt, secret, e )
local alpha = {}, t
function toBits( num, bits )
local t, s = "", 0
for b = bits, 1, -1 do
s = math.fmod( num, 2 )
t = s .. t
num = math.floor( num / 2 )
end
return t
end
function find( a, arr )
for i = 1, #arr do
if arr[i] == a then return i end
end
return -1
end
function toAlpha( secret )
local str, z = "", 0
secret = secret:upper()
for i = 1, string.len( secret ) do
z = secret:sub( i, i )
if z < 'A' or z > 'Z' then
str = str .. alpha[27] else k = z:byte( 1 ) - 65 + 1 str = str .. alpha[k] end
end
return str
end
function fromAlpha( secret )
local l, msg, c, idx = secret:len(), "", 0, 0
if math.fmod( l, 5 ) ~= 0 then
print( "Message length does not match!" )
return
end
for i = 1, l, 5 do
c = secret:sub( i, i + 4 )
idx = find( c, alpha )
if idx > 0 then if idx == 27 then msg = msg .. " " -- unknown char - add space else msg = msg .. string.char( 64 + idx ) end end end return msg
end
function encode( txt, secret )
local sec, encoded, idx = toAlpha( secret ), "", 0
if sec:len() > txt:len() then
print( "Text is too short!" )
return
end
txt = txt:lower() for i = 1, string.len( sec ) do t = txt:sub( idx, idx )
while( t < 'a' or t > 'z' ) do
encoded = encoded .. t
idx = idx + 1
t = txt:sub( idx, idx )
end
idx = idx + 1
if sec:sub( i, i ) == '1' then
encoded = encoded .. string.char( t:byte(1) - 32 )
else
encoded = encoded .. t
end
end
return encoded
end
function decode( txt )
local secret, c = "", 0
for i = 1, string.len( txt ) do
c = txt:sub( i, i )
if not( c < 'a' and ( c < 'A' or c > 'Z' ) or c > 'z' ) then
local s = 0
if c == c:upper() then s = 1 end
secret = secret .. s
end
end
return fromAlpha( secret )
end
-- create alphabet
for i = 0, 26 do
t = ( toBits( i, 5 ) )
alpha[#alpha + 1] = t
end
-- encode or decode
if e == 1 then
return encode( txt, secret )
elseif e == 0 then
return decode( secret )
end
end
local a = Bacon( "Chase the pig around the house present belly, scratch hand when stroked. ".. "When in doubt, wash jump around on couch, meow constantly until given food, ".. "favor packaging over toy. And sometimes switches in french and say 'miaou' ".. "just because well why not has closed eyes but still sees you lick yarn hanging ".. "out of own butt so pelt around the house and up and down stairs chasing phantoms.", "Fall over dead, not really but gets sypathy", 1 ) print( a ) print( Bacon( "", a, 0 ) ) </lang>
- Output:
>lua -e "io.stdout:setvbuf 'no'" "bco.lua" chAsE the pig ArOUnD tHE HOuSe pRESeNt BeLly, ScrAtch HANd When sTRokEd. when in douBT, WAsH jUMp AroUNd On COUcH, meOW COnStAntlY unTil given fOoD, FaVoR PACkagINg Over toY. AnD soMetIMES sWitcHEs in FreNch AND saY 'mIAoU' jUst BeCAuse wELL Why not Has CLosED EYEs bu FALL OVER DEAD NOT REALLY BUT GETS SYPATHY
Perl 6
Not truly a Bacon Cipher as it doesn't encode using font variations. But fits with the spirit if not the exact definition.
<lang perl6>my $secret = q:to/END/;
This task is to implement a program for encryption and decryption
of plaintext using the simple alphabet of the Baconian cipher or
some other kind of representation of this alphabet (make anything
signify anything). This example will work with anything in the
ASCII range... even code! $r%_-^&*(){}+~ #=`/\';*1234567890"'
END
my $text = q:to/END/;
Bah. It isn't really practical to use typeface changes to encode information, it is too easy to tell that there is something going on and will attract attention. Font changes with enough regularity to encode mesages relatively efficiently would need to happen so often it would be obvious that there was some kind of manipulation going on. Steganographic encryption where it is obvious that there has been some tampering with the carrier is not going to be very effective. Not that any of these implementations would hold up to serious scrutiny anyway. Anyway, here's a semi-bogus implementation that hides information in white space. The message is hidden in this paragraph of text. Yes, really. It requires a fairly modern file viewer to display (not display?) the hidden message, but that isn't too unlikely any more. It may be stretching things to call this a Bacon cipher, but I think it falls within the spirit of the task, if not the exact definition. END
- '
my @enc = "", ""; my %dec = @enc.pairs.invert;
sub encode ($c) { @enc[($c.ord).fmt("%07b").comb].join() }
sub hide ($msg is copy, $text) {
$msg ~= @enc[0] x (0 - ($msg.chars % 8)).abs; my $head = $text.substr(0,$msg.chars div 8); my $tail = $text.substr($msg.chars div 8, *-1); ($head.comb «~» $msg.comb(/. ** 8/)).join() ~ $tail;
}
sub reveal ($steg) {
join , map { :2(%dec{$_.comb}.join()).chr },
$steg.subst( /\w | <punct> | " " | "\n" /, , :g).comb(/. ** 7/);
}
my $hidden = join , map { .&encode }, $secret.comb;
my $steganography = hide $hidden, $text;
say "Steganograpic message hidden in text:"; say $steganography;
say '*' x 70;
say "Hidden message revealed:"; say reveal $steganography;</lang>
- Output:
Steganograpic message hidden in text:
Bah. It isn't really practical to use typeface changes to encode
information, it is too easy to tell that there is something going
on and will attract attention. Font changes with enough regularity
to encode mesages relatively efficiently would need to happen so
often it would be obvious that there was some kind of manipulation
going on. Steganographic encryption where it is obvious that there
has been some tampering with the carrier is not going to be very
effective. Not that any of these implementations would hold up to
serious scrutiny anyway. Anyway, here's a semi-bogus implementation
that hides information in white space. The message is hidden in this
paragraph of text. Yes, really. It requires a fairly modern file
viewer to display (not display?) the hidden message, but that isn't
too unlikely any more. It may be stretching things to call this a
Bacon cipher, but I think it falls within the spirit of the task,
if not the exact definition.
**********************************************************************
Hidden message revealed:
This task is to implement a program for encryption and decryption
of plaintext using the simple alphabet of the Baconian cipher or
some other kind of representation of this alphabet (make anything
signify anything). This example will work with anything in the
ASCII range... even code! $r%_-^&*(){}+~ #=`/\';*1234567890"'
Python
This deviates from the Bacon method as it encodes to different capitalisation of text rather than differences in font.
<lang python>import string
sometext = """All children, except one, grow up. They soon know that they will grow up, and the way Wendy knew was this. One day when she was two years old she was playing in a garden, and she plucked another flower and ran with it to her mother. I suppose she must have looked rather delightful, for Mrs. Darling put her hand to her heart and cried, "Oh, why can't you remain like this for ever!" This was all that passed between them on the subject, but henceforth Wendy knew that she must grow up. You always know after you are two. Two is the beginning of the end.
Of course they lived at 14 [their house number on their street], and until Wendy came her mother was the chief one. She was a lovely lady, with a romantic mind and such a sweet mocking mouth. Her romantic mind was like the tiny boxes, one within the other, that come from the puzzling East, however many you discover there is always one more; and her sweet mocking mouth had one kiss on it that Wendy could never get, though there it was, perfectly conspicuous in the right-hand corner.""".lower()
lc2bin = {ch: '{:05b}'.format(i)
for i, ch in enumerate(string.ascii_lowercase + ' .')}
bin2lc = {val: key for key, val in lc2bin.items()}
phrase = 'Rosetta code Bacon cipher example secret phrase to encode in the capitalisation of peter pan'.lower()
def to_5binary(msg):
return ( ch == '1' for ch in .join(lc2bin.get(ch, ) for ch in msg.lower()))
def encrypt(message, text):
bin5 = to_5binary(message)
textlist = list(text.lower())
out = []
for capitalise in bin5:
while textlist:
ch = textlist.pop(0)
if ch.isalpha():
if capitalise:
ch = ch.upper()
out.append(ch)
break
else:
out.append(ch)
else:
raise Exception('ERROR: Ran out of characters in sometext')
return .join(out) + '...'
def decrypt(bacontext):
binary = []
bin5 = []
out = []
for ch in bacontext:
if ch.isalpha():
binary.append('1' if ch.isupper() else '0')
if len(binary) == 5:
bin5 = .join(binary)
out.append(bin2lc[bin5])
binary = []
return .join(out)
print('PLAINTEXT = \n%s\n' % phrase) encrypted = encrypt(phrase, sometext) print('ENCRYPTED = \n%s\n' % encrypted) decrypted = decrypt(encrypted) print('DECRYPTED = \n%s\n' % decrypted) assert phrase == decrypted, 'Round-tripping error'</lang>
- Output:
PLAINTEXT = rosetta code bacon cipher example secret phrase to encode in the capitalisation of peter pan ENCRYPTED = All cHiLDReN, exCept One, GroW UP. thEY soon kNOw That tHey WILl groW Up, aNd tHE wAy wendY knew was tHis. ONE daY WhEN ShE was tWo yEars oLD SHe wAS PlaYinG in a GARdEn, anD shE pLUCked anoTHer fLOWEr AnD Ran WitH It To Her MothEr. i supPoSe shE muSt hAve LOOKeD raTHER deLIGHtfuL, for mrS. daRlinG puT HeR hAnd TO hER HeARt And cRied, "OH, wHy caN't yOU RemaiN LikE thIS fOr eVer!" thIS wAS AlL tHat PAssED BetWeeN ThEm on tHe subjecT, BUT hEnceForTH wendy kNeW ThAt shE muSt grow uP. yoU AlWays kNOW afTEr YOU aRe tWO. Two iS tHE BeGinNING of The End. OF coUrsE theY LIvEd aT 14 [THEir housE NuM... DECRYPTED = rosetta code bacon cipher example secret phrase to encode in the capitalisation of peter pan
Racket
<lang racket>#lang racket (require xml)
(define (char->bacon-number C)
(define c (char-downcase C)) (define c-code (- (char->integer c) (char->integer #\a))) (and (<= 0 c-code 26) (- c-code (if (> c-code 8) 1 0) (if (> c-code 20) 1 0))))
(define (inr-encode bacons f-cs seg/r rv/r last-bacon-bit fce)
(cond
[(null? bacons) (append (reverse (if (null? seg/r) rv/r (cons seg/r rv/r))) (list f-cs))]
[(null? f-cs) (error 'bacon-encode->list "not enough false message to hide the text")]
[(zero? last-bacon-bit) (inr-encode (cdr bacons) f-cs seg/r rv/r 5 fce)]
[(not (char-alphabetic? (car f-cs)))
(inr-encode bacons (cdr f-cs) (cons (car f-cs) seg/r) rv/r last-bacon-bit fce)]
[else
(define bit (sub1 last-bacon-bit))
(define bs? (bitwise-bit-set? (car bacons) bit))
(match-define (cons f-a f-d) f-cs)
(match (cons bs? fce)
[(or '(#f . 1) '(#t . 2)) (inr-encode bacons f-d (cons f-a seg/r) rv/r bit fce)]
[_ (inr-encode bacons f-d (list f-a) (cons (reverse seg/r) rv/r) bit (if bs? 2 1))])]))
(define (bacon-encode->segments-list plain-text false-message)
(define bacon-numbers (filter-map char->bacon-number (string->list plain-text))) (map list->string (inr-encode bacon-numbers (string->list false-message) null null 5 1)))
(define (bacon-encode->html plain-text false-message
(->face1 (λ (s) `(span ((face "1")) ,s)))
(->face2 (λ (s) `(span ((face "2")) ,s))))
(define segments (bacon-encode->segments-list plain-text false-message))
(xexpr->string
(list* 'div '((style "white-space: pre"))
(for/list ((seg (in-list segments)) (face (in-cycle (in-list (list ->face1 ->face2)))))
(face seg)))))
(module+ main
(define plain-text "i wrote this F.B.") (define false-text #<<EOS
To be, or not to be, that is the question: Whether 'tis Nobler in the mind to suffer The Slings and Arrows of outrageous Fortune, [...] EOS
) (displayln (bacon-encode->html plain-text false-text values (λ (s) `(i ,s)))))</lang>
- Output:
- Literal
<div style="white-space: pre">T<i>o </i>be, o<i>r </i>n<i>o</i>t t<i>o </i>be, tha<i>t i</i>s <i>th</i>e q<i>u</i>est<i>i</i>on: <i>W</i>he<i>t</i>her '<i>tis </i>N<i>o</i>ble<i>r </i>in t<i>h</i>e m<i>i</i>n<i>d </i>to su<i>f</i>fer The Slings and Arrows of outrageous Fortune, [...]</div>
- HTML
Whether 'tis Nobler in the mind to suffer The Slings and Arrows of outrageous Fortune,
[...]REXX
assigned cipher codes
This REXX version supports a full (26-letter) Roman (Latin) alphabet, plus a few punctuation symbols:
. (period),
, (comma),
? (question mark),
: (colon),
! (exclamation mark), and blanks.
All alphabetic letters are handled as if they were in uppercase (i.e., lowercase letters are uppercased). <lang rexx>/*REXX program implements and demonstrates a (full) "Bacon" cipher (cypher).*/ parse arg plain /*obtain optional arguments from the CL*/ if plain= then plain = "The quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog."
/* [↓] code supports complete alphabet*/
@.=; @.a=11111; @.b=11110; @.c=11101; @.d=11100; @.e=11011; @.f=11010; @.g=11001
@.h=11000; @.i=10111; @.j=00111; @.k=10110; @.l=10101; @.m=10100; @.n=10011
@.o=10010; @.p=10001; @.q=10000; @.r=01111; @.s=01110; @.t=01101; @.u=01100
@.v=00100; @.w=01011; @.x=01010; @.y=01001; @.z=01000; @.?=00000; @.!=00101
@..=00110; _=',' ; @._=00001; _=' ' ; @._=00011; _=':' ; @._=00010
/* [↑] code supports some punctuation.*/
say ' plain text: ' plain /*display the original (plain) text. */
encoded=BaconEnc(plain) /*encode using a (full) Bacon cipher.*/
say 'cipher text: ' encoded /*display the ciphered (coded) text. */
decoded=BaconDec(encoded) /*decode ciphered text──►plain (almost)*/
say 'cycled text: ' decoded /*display the recycled text (~ plain),*/ exit /*stick a fork in it, we're all done. */ /*────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/ BaconEnc: procedure expose @.; arg x; $=; Lx=length(x)
do j=1 for Lx; _=substr(x,j,1); $=$ || @._; end
return $
/*────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/ BaconDec: procedure expose @.; parse arg x; $=; Lx=length(x)
do k=0 for 256; _=d2c(k); if @._== then iterate; q=@._; !.q=_; end
do j=1 to Lx by 5; y=substr(x,j,5); $=$ || !.y; end
return $</lang>
output when using the default input:
plain text: The quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog. cipher text: 011011100011011000111000001100101111110110110000111111001111100100101110011000111101010010010100001100111011001010010001110111110000011100100010011011011110001101101110001101100011101011111101000010010001111100100101100100110 cycled text: THE QUICK BROWN FOX JUMPED OVER THE LAZY DOG.
generated cipher codes
The twp glyphs (characters) chosen for this REXX program are:
- the bottom tee ┴ (sometimes known as the bottom junction)
- the top tee ┬ (sometimes known as the top junction)
<lang rexx>/*REXX program implements and demonstrates a (full) "Bacon" cipher (cypher).*/ parse arg plain /*obtain optional arguments from the CL*/ if plain= then plain = "The quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog."
/*alphabet must be in uppercase letters*/
alphabet= 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ .,?!:' /*list of letters & punctuation.*/ @.= /*assign a default for all chars*/
do j=0 for min(32,length(alphabet)); _=substr(alphabet,j+1,1)
@._=translate(right(x2b(d2x(j)), 5, 0), '┴┬', 01)
end /*j*/ /* [↑] build the symbol table (max=32)*/
/* [↑] code supports some punctuation.*/
say ' plain text: ' plain /*display the original (plain) text. */
encoded=BaconEnc(plain) /*encode using a (full) Bacon cipher.*/
say 'cipher text: ' encoded /*display the ciphered (coded) text. */
decoded=BaconDec(encoded) /*decode ciphered text──►plain (almost)*/
say 'cycled text: ' decoded /*display the recycled text (~ plain),*/ exit /*stick a fork in it, we're all done. */ /*────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/ BaconEnc: procedure expose @.; arg x; $=; Lx=length(x)
do j=1 for Lx; _=substr(x,j,1); $=$ || @._; end
return $
/*────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/ BaconDec: procedure expose @.; parse arg x; $=; Lx=length(x)
do k=0 for 256; _=d2c(k); if @._== then iterate; q=@._; !.q=_; end
do j=1 to Lx by 5; y=substr(x,j,5); $=$ || !.y; end
return $</lang>
output when using the default input:
plain text: The quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog. cipher text: ┬┴┴┬┬┴┴┬┬┬┴┴┬┴┴┬┬┴┬┴┬┴┴┴┴┬┴┬┴┴┴┬┴┴┴┴┴┴┬┴┴┬┴┬┴┬┬┴┬┴┴┴┴┴┬┬┴┴┴┬┴┬┬┬┴┬┴┬┬┴┴┬┬┴┬┬┬┴┬┴┴┴┬┴┬┴┬┬┬┴┬┴┬┬┬┬┬┴┬┴┴┬┴┴┬┬┴┬┴┴┴┬┬┴┴┴┬┬┬┬┴┴┬┴┴┴┴┴┬┬┬┬┴┬┴┴┬┬┬┴┬┴┬┴┬┴┴┬┴┴┬┴┴┴┬┬┬┴┬┴┬┴┴┬┬┴┴┬┬┬┴┴┬┴┴┬┬┴┬┴┴┬┴┬┬┴┴┴┴┴┬┬┴┴┬┬┬┴┴┴┬┬┴┬┴┴┴┴┬┬┴┬┬┬┴┴┴┬┬┴┬┬┴┬┬ cycled text: THE QUICK BROWN FOX JUMPED OVER THE LAZY DOG.
uses upper/lower case
<lang rexx>/*REXX program implements and demonstrates a (full) "Bacon" cipher (cypher).*/ parse arg plain /*obtain optional arguments from the CL*/ if plain= then plain = "The quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog."
/*alphabet must be in uppercase letters*/
alphabet= 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ .,?!:' /*list of letters & punctuation.*/ @.= /*assign a default for all chars*/
do j=0 for min(32,length(alphabet)); _=substr(alphabet,j+1,1)
@._=translate(right(x2b(d2x(j)), 5, 0), 'sS', 01)
end /*j*/ /* [↑] build the symbol table (max=32)*/
/* [↑] code supports some punctuation.*/
say ' plain text: ' plain /*display the original (plain) text. */
encoded=BaconEnc(plain) /*encode using a (full) Bacon cipher.*/
say 'cipher text: ' encoded /*display the ciphered (coded) text. */
decoded=BaconDec(encoded) /*decode ciphered text──►plain (almost)*/
say 'cycled text: ' decoded /*display the recycled text (~ plain),*/ exit /*stick a fork in it, we're all done. */ /*────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/ BaconEnc: procedure expose @.; arg x; $=; Lx=length(x)
do j=1 for Lx; _=substr(x,j,1); $=$ || @._; end
return $
/*────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/ BaconDec: procedure expose @.; parse arg x; $=; Lx=length(x)
do k=0 for 256; _=d2c(k); if @._== then iterate; q=@._; !.q=_; end
do j=1 to Lx by 5; y=substr(x,j,5); $=$ || !.y; end
return $</lang>
output when using the default input:
plain text: The quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog. cipher text: SssSSssSSSssSssSSsSsSssssSsSsssSssssssSssSsSsSSsSsssssSSsssSsSSSsSsSSssSSsSSSsSsssSsSsSSSsSsSSSSSsSssSssSSsSsssSSsssSSSSssSsssssSSSSsSssSSSsSsSsSssSssSsssSSSsSsSssSSssSSSssSssSSsSssSsSSsssssSSssSSSsssSSsSssssSSsSSSsssSSsSSsSS cycled text: THE QUICK BROWN FOX JUMPED OVER THE LAZY DOG.
zkl
<lang zkl>class Bacon{
fcn init(_keyText){
var [const] keyText=_keyText.toLower(),
lowerLetters=["a".."z"].pump(String),
upperLetters=["A".."Z"].pump(String), letters=String(lowerLetters,upperLetters), lc2bin=[0..].zip(lowerLetters + " .") //-->("a":"00000", ...) .pump(Dictionary(),fcn([(n,ch)]){ T(ch,"%05.2B".fmt(n)) }), bin2lc=lc2bin.pump(Dictionary(),"reverse"); //-->("00000":"a", ...),
;
}
fcn to5binary(msg){ //-->stream of 1s and 0s (1 means capitalize)
msg.toLower().pump(String,lc2bin.get.fp1("")) //-->("abcde"|"") * length
.pump(Data,"toAsc",'-(0x30)).howza(0) // "1"-->1, treat result as bytes
}
fcn encrypt(msg){
bin5:=to5binary(msg).walker(); // capitalization overlay of keyText
e:=keyText.pump(String, 'wrap(ch){
if(not lowerLetters.holds(ch)) return(Void.Write); // encrypt only ASCII if(not bin5._next()) return(Void.Stop); // end of msg (bin5.value and ch.toUpper() or ch);
});
if(not bin5.atEnd) throw(Exception.ValueError("Ran out of characters in key text"));
e + "...." // pad
}
fcn decrypt(bacontext){
bacontext.filter(letters.holds).pump(String,T(Void.Read,4),
fcn{ vm.arglist.pump(String,upperLetters.holds,"toInt") : bin2lc[_] });
}
}</lang> <lang zkl>bacon:=Bacon(
- <<<
0'|All children, except one, grow up. They soon know that they will grow up, and the way Wendy knew was this. One day when she was two years old she was playing in a garden, and she plucked another flower and ran with it to her mother. I suppose she must have looked rather delightful, for Mrs. Darling put her hand to her heart and cried, "Oh, why can't you remain like this for ever!" This was all that passed between them on the subject, but henceforth Wendy knew that she must grow up. You always know after you are two. Two is the beginning of the end.
Of course they lived at 14 [their house number on their street], and until Wendy came her mother was the chief one. She was a lovely lady, with a romantic mind and such a sweet mocking mouth. Her romantic mind was like the tiny boxes, one within the other, that come from the puzzling East, however many you discover there is always one more; and her sweet mocking mouth had one kiss on it that Wendy could never get, though there it was, perfectly conspicuous in the right-hand corner.| );
- <<<
phrase:="Rosetta code Bacon cipher example secret phrase to encode in the capitalization of peter pan";
println("PLAINTEXT = \n%s".fmt(phrase)); encrypted,decrypted:=bacon.encrypt(phrase), bacon.decrypt(encrypted); println("ENCRYPTED = \n%s".fmt(encrypted)); println("DECRYPTED = \n%s".fmt(decrypted)); if(phrase.toLower()!=decrypted) throw(Exception.AssertionError("Round-tripping error"));</lang>
- Output:
PLAINTEXT = Rosetta code Bacon cipher example secret phrase to encode in the capitalization of peter pan ENCRYPTED = All cHiLDReN, exCept One, GroW UP. thEY soon kNOw That tHey WILl groW Up, aNd tHE wAy wendY knew was tHis. ONE daY WhEN ShE was tWo yEars oLD SHe wAS PlaYinG in a GARdEn, anD shE pLUCked anoTHer fLOWEr AnD Ran WitH It To Her MothEr. i supPoSe shE muSt hAve LOOKeD raTHER deLIGHtfuL, for mrS. daRlinG puT HeR hAnd TO hER HeARt And cRied, "OH, wHy caN't yOU RemaiN LikE thIS fOr eVer!" thIS wAS AlL tHat PAssED BetWeeN ThEm on tHe subjecT, BUT hEnceForTH wendy kNeW ThAt shE MusT grow uP. yoU AlWays kNOW afTEr YOU aRe tWO. Two iS tHE BeGinNING of The End. OF coUrsE theY LIvEd aT 14 [THEir housE NuM.... DECRYPTED = rosetta code bacon cipher example secret phrase to encode in the capitalization of peter pan