AppleScript
This is a scripting language created by Apple, Inc. (no affiliation) It provides a Mac user the ability to easily transfer data between applications and process the data to their needs. This language is written in a more human readable form than most others and therefore offers an easier learning curve. (This is my opinion and only my opinion.) AppleScript is a trademark of Apple, Inc. Official AppleScript Site
Programming Language
This is a programming language. It may be used to instruct computers to accomplish a variety of tasks which may or may not be domain-specific.