HTTPS: Difference between revisions
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{{task|Programming environment operations}}
[[Category:Networking and Web Interaction]]
;Task:
Send a GET request to obtain the resource located at the URL "https://www.w3.org/", then print it to the console.<br>
Checking the host certificate for validity is recommended.<br>
Do not authenticate. That is the subject of other [[HTTPS request with authentication|tasks]].<br>
Readers may wish to contrast with the [[HTTP Request]] task, and also the task on [[HTTPS request with authentication]].<br>
=={{header|Ada}}==
{{libheader|AWS}}
Exactly the same as the HTTP task, assuming you compiled AWS with openssl support.
<syntaxhighlight lang="ada">
with AWS.Client;
with AWS.Response;
with Ada.Text_IO; use Ada.Text_IO;
procedure GetHttps is
begin
Put_Line (AWS.Response.Message_Body (AWS.Client.Get (
URL => "https://sourceforge.net/")));
end GetHttps;
</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Arturo}}==
<syntaxhighlight lang="rebol">print read "https://www.w3.org/"</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|AutoHotkey}}==
{{libheader|wininet}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="autohotkey">
URL := "https://sourceforge.net/"
WININET_Init()
msgbox % html := UrlGetContents(URL)
WININET_UnInit()
return
#include urlgetcontents.ahk
#include wininet.ahk
</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|BaCon}}==
This code requires BaCon 3.8.2 or later.
<syntaxhighlight lang="freebasic">OPTION TLS TRUE
website$ = "www.google.com"
OPEN website$ & ":443" FOR NETWORK AS mynet
SEND "GET / HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: " & website$ & "\r\n\r\n" TO mynet
WHILE WAIT(mynet, 1000)
RECEIVE dat$ FROM mynet
total$ = total$ & dat$
IF REGEX(dat$, "\r\n\r\n$") THEN BREAK : ' Quit receiving data when end indicator was reached
WEND
CLOSE NETWORK mynet
PRINT REPLACE$(total$, "\r\n[0-9a-fA-F]+\r\n", "\r\n", TRUE) : ' Remove chunk indicators from HTML data
</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Batch File}}==
<syntaxhighlight lang="batch">
:: Must have curl.exe
curl.exe -k -s -L https://sourceforge.net/
</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|C}}==
{{libheader|libcurl}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="c">#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <curl/curl.h>
CURL *curl;
char buffer[CURL_ERROR_SIZE];
int main(void) {
if ((curl = curl_easy_init()) != NULL) {
curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_URL, "https://sourceforge.net/");
curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION, 1);
curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_ERRORBUFFER, buffer);
if (curl_easy_perform(curl) != CURLE_OK) {
fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", buffer);
return EXIT_FAILURE;
}
curl_easy_cleanup(curl);
}
return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|C sharp|C#}}==
{{works with|C sharp|3.0}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="csharp">
using System;
using System.Net;
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
var client = new WebClient();
var data = client.DownloadString("https://www.google.com");
Console.WriteLine(data);
}
}
</syntaxhighlight>
This does not work for urls requiring a secure (SSL) connection.
=={{header|Clojure}}==
Using the duck-streams as a convenient wrapper for Java's networking classes, grabbing the contents of an HTTPS URL is as easy as:
<syntaxhighlight lang="clojure">
(use '[clojure.contrib.duck-streams :only (slurp*)])
(print (slurp* "https://sourceforge.net"))
</syntaxhighlight>
The usual Java mechanisms can be used to manage acceptance of SSL certificates if required.
{{works with|Clojure|1.2}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="clojure">
(print (slurp "https://sourceforge.net"))
</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|D}}==
Using curl
<syntaxhighlight lang="d">
import std.stdio;
import std.net.curl;
auto data = get("https://sourceforge.net");
writeln(data);
</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Common Lisp}}==
{{libheader|DRAKMA}}
First grabbing the entire body as a string, and then by pulling from a stream. This is the same code as in [[HTTP Request]]; <code>drakma:http-request</code> supports SSL.
<syntaxhighlight lang="lisp">
(defun wget-drakma-string (url &optional (out *standard-output*))
"Grab the body as a string, and write it to out."
(write-string (drakma:http-request url) out))
(defun wget-drakma-stream (url &optional (out *standard-output*))
"Grab the body as a stream, and write it to out."
(loop with body = (drakma:http-request url :want-stream t)
for line = (read-line body nil nil)
while line do (write-line line)
finally (close body)))
;; Use
(wget-drakma-stream "https://sourceforge.net")
</syntaxhighlight>
{{libheader|Dexador}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="lisp">
(format t "~a~%" (nth-value 0 (dex:get "https://www.w3.org/")))
</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Delphi}}==
{{libheader|OpenSSL}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="delphi">
program ShowHTTPS;
{$APPTYPE CONSOLE}
uses IdHttp, IdSSLOpenSSL;
var
s: string;
lHTTP: TIdHTTP;
begin
lHTTP := TIdHTTP.Create(nil);
try
lHTTP.IOHandler := TIdSSLIOHandlerSocketOpenSSL.Create(lHTTP);
lHTTP.HandleRedirects := True;
s := lHTTP.Get('https://sourceforge.net/');
Writeln(s);
finally
lHTTP.Free;
end;
end.
</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|EchoLisp}}==
'''file->string''' usage: the server must allow cross-domain access, or a browser add-on like cors-everywhere must be installed to bypass cross-domain checking.
<syntaxhighlight lang="scheme">
;; asynchronous call back definition
(define (success name text) (writeln 'Loaded name) (writeln text))
;;
(file->string success "https:/sourceforge.net")
</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Erlang}}==
===Synchronous===
<syntaxhighlight lang="erlang">
-module(main).
-export([main/1]).
main([Url|[]]) ->
inets:start(),
ssl:start(),
case http:request(get, {URL, []}, [{ssl,[{verify,0}]}], []) of
{ok, {_V, _H, Body}} -> io:fwrite("~p~n",[Body]);
{error, Res} -> io:fwrite("~p~n", [Res])
end.
</syntaxhighlight>
===Asynchronous===
<syntaxhighlight lang="erlang">
-module(main).
-export([main/1]).
main([Url|[]]) ->
inets:start(),
ssl:start(),
http:request(get, {Url, [] }, [{ssl,[{verify,0}]}], [{sync, false}]),
receive
{http, {_ReqId, Res}} -> io:fwrite("~p~n",[Res]);
_Any -> io:fwrite("Error: ~p~n",[_Any])
after 10000 -> io:fwrite("Timed out.~n",[])
end.
</syntaxhighlight>
Using it
<syntaxhighlight lang="erlang">
|escript ./req.erl https://sourceforge.net/
</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|F_Sharp|F#}}==
The underlying .NET classes handle secure web connections the same way they manage insecure connections.
<syntaxhighlight lang="fsharp">
#light
let wget (url : string) =
let c = new System.Net.WebClient()
c.DownloadString(url)
</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Frink}}==
<syntaxhighlight lang="frink">print[read["https://sourceforge.net/"]]</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|FutureBasic}}==
<syntaxhighlight lang="futurebasic">
include "NSLog.incl"
local fn GET_HTTPS
CFStringRef response = unix @"curl -ksL https://sourceforge.net/"
CFDataRef dta = fn StringData( response, NSUTF8StringEncoding )
CFDictionaryRef options = @{NSDocumentTypeDocumentAttribute: NSHTMLTextDocumentType, NSCharacterEncodingDocumentAttribute: @(NSUTF8StringEncoding)}
CFAttributedStringRef aStr = fn AttributedStringWithHTML( dta, options )
NSLog( @"%@", aStr )
end fn
fn GET_HTTPS
HandleEvents
</syntaxhighlight>
{{output}}
<pre>
We're sorry -- the Sourceforge site is currently in Disaster Recovery mode. Please check back later. {
NSColor = "sRGB IEC61966-2.1 colorspace 0 0 0 1";
NSFont = "\"Times-Roman 12.00 pt. P [] (0x7f8f94e11ce0) fobj=0x7f8f94e0fda0, spc=3.00\"";
NSKern = 0;
NSParagraphStyle = "Alignment 4, LineSpacing 0, ParagraphSpacing 0, ParagraphSpacingBefore 0, HeadIndent 0, TailIndent 0, FirstLineHeadIndent 0, LineHeight 0/0, LineHeightMultiple 0, LineBreakMode 0, Tabs (\n), DefaultTabInterval 36, Blocks (\n), Lists (\n), BaseWritingDirection 0, HyphenationFactor 0, TighteningForTruncation YES, HeaderLevel 0 LineBreakStrategy 0";
NSStrokeColor = "sRGB IEC61966-2.1 colorspace 0 0 0 1";
NSStrokeWidth = 0;
}
</pre>
=={{header|Go}}==
<syntaxhighlight lang="go">
package main
import (
"io"
"log"
"net/http"
"os"
)
func main() {
r, err := http.Get("https://sourceforge.net/")
if err != nil {
log.Fatalln(err)
}
io.Copy(os.Stdout, r.Body)
}
</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Groovy}}==
<syntaxhighlight lang="groovy">
new URL("https://sourceforge.net").eachLine { println it }
</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Haskell}}==
{{libheader|http-conduit}}
{{Works with|GHC|7.4.1}}
This is just the example from [http://hackage.haskell.org/packages/archive/http-conduit/1.8.5.1/doc/html/Network-HTTP-Conduit.html Network.HTTP.Conduit], with the http URL replaced with an https one, since [http://hackage.haskell.org/package/http-conduit http-conduit] natively supports https without needing any additional work.
<syntaxhighlight lang="haskell">#!/usr/bin/runhaskell
import Network.HTTP.Conduit
import qualified Data.ByteString.Lazy as L
import Network (withSocketsDo)
main = withSocketsDo
$ simpleHttp "https://sourceforge.net/" >>= L.putStr</syntaxhighlight>
==Icon and {{header|Unicon}}==
<syntaxhighlight lang="unicon"># Requires Unicon version 13
procedure main(arglist)
url := (\arglist[1] | "https://sourceforge.net/")
w := open(url, "m-") | stop("Cannot open " || url)
while write(read(w))
close(w)
end</syntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
<pre>prompt$ unicon -s https.icn -x | head -n2
<!doctype html>
<!-- Server: sfs-consume-15 -->
</pre>
=={{header|Ioke}}==
{{trans|Java}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="ioke">
connection = URL new("https://sourceforge.net") openConnection
scanner = Scanner new(connection getInputStream)
while(scanner hasNext,
scanner next println
)
</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|J}}==
Using <tt>gethttp</tt> from [[Web Scraping#J|Web Scraping]]
<syntaxhighlight lang="j">
#page=: gethttp'https://sourceforge.net'
0
#page=: '--no-check-certificate' gethttp'https://sourceforge.net'
900
</syntaxhighlight>
(We can not load the example page using https unless we disable certificate checking. The numbers are the number of characters retrieved.)
=={{header|Java}}==
=== javax.net.ssl ===
Additional certificate information is available through the [http://java.sun.com/javase/6/docs/api/javax/net/ssl/HttpsURLConnection.html javax.net.ssl.HttpsURLConnection] interface.
<syntaxhighlight lang="java">
URL url = new URL("https://sourceforge.net");
HttpsURLConnection connection = (HttpsURLConnection) url.openConnection();
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(connection.getInputStream());
while (scanner.hasNext()) {
System.out.println(scanner.next());
}
</syntaxhighlight>
=== java.net.http ===
Using the standard [http://openjdk.java.net/groups/net/httpclient/ Java 11 HTTP Client]
<syntaxhighlight lang="java">import java.net.URI;
import java.net.http.HttpClient;
import java.net.http.HttpRequest;
import java.net.http.HttpResponse;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
var request = HttpRequest.newBuilder(URI.create("https://sourceforge.net"))
.GET()
.build();
HttpClient.newHttpClient()
.sendAsync(request, HttpResponse.BodyHandlers.ofString(Charset.defaultCharset()))
.thenApply(HttpResponse::body)
.thenAccept(System.out::println)
.join();
}
}</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|JavaScript}}==
=== Browser ===
Using fetch API and async/await:
<syntaxhighlight lang="javascript">
const response = await fetch('https://rosettacode.org');
const text = await response.text();
console.log(text);
</syntaxhighlight>
<syntaxhighlight lang="javascript">fetch("https://sourceforge.net").then(function (response) {
return response.text();
}).then(function (body) {
return body;
});</syntaxhighlight>
=== Node.js ===
<syntaxhighlight lang="javascript">require("https").get("https://sourceforge.net", function (resp) {
let body = "";
resp.on("data", function (chunk) {
body += chunk;
});
resp.on("end", function () {
console.log(body);
});
}).on("error", function (err) {
console.error("Error: " + err.message);
});</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Julia}}==
<syntaxhighlight lang="julia"># v0.6.0
using Requests
str = readstring(get("https://sourceforge.net/"))</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Kotlin}}==
<syntaxhighlight lang="scala">// version 1.1.2
import java.net.URL
import javax.net.ssl.HttpsURLConnection
import java.io.InputStreamReader
import java.util.Scanner
fun main(args: Array<String>) {
val url = URL("https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page")
val connection = url.openConnection() as HttpsURLConnection
val isr = InputStreamReader(connection.inputStream)
val sc = Scanner(isr)
while (sc.hasNextLine()) println(sc.nextLine())
sc.close()
}</syntaxhighlight>
Or simplier, since Kotlin 1.2
<syntaxhighlight lang="scala">
import java.net.URL
fun main(args: Array<String>){
println(URL("https://sourceforge.net").readText())
}
</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Lasso}}==
<syntaxhighlight lang="lasso">local(x = curl('https://sourceforge.net'))
local(y = #x->result)
#y->asString</syntaxhighlight>
If a site with an invalid SSL Cert is encountered the curl type throws the following error:
{{out}}
<pre>FAILURE: 60 Peer certificate cannot be authenticated with given CA certificates</pre>
=={{header|Lingo}}==
*Windows:
{{libheader|Curl Xtra}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="lingo">ch = xtra("Curl").new()
CURLOPT_URL = 10002
ch.setOption(CURLOPT_URL, "https://sourceforge.net")
res = ch.exec(1)
if integerP(res) then
put "Error:" && curl_error(res)
else
put "Result:" && res.readRawString(res.length)
end if
-- "Result: <!doctype html> ..."</syntaxhighlight>
*Mac OS X:
{{libheader|Shell Xtra}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="lingo">sx = xtra("Shell").new()
put sx.shell_cmd("curl https://sourceforge.net")</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|LiveCode}}==
Blocking version<syntaxhighlight lang="livecode">libURLSetSSLVerification true --check cert
get URL "https://sourceforge.net/"</syntaxhighlight>
Non-blocking version, execute getWebResource
<syntaxhighlight lang="livecode">on myUrlDownloadFinished
get URL "https://sourceforge.net/" -- this will now fetch a locally cached copy
put it
end myUrlDownloadFinished
command getWebResource
libURLFollowHttpRedirects true
libURLSetSSLVerification true --check cert
load URL "https://sourceforge.net/" with message "myUrlDownloadFinished"
end getWebResource</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|LSL}}==
Virtually identical to the HTTP Task.
To test it yourself; rez a box on the ground, and add the following as a New Script.
<syntaxhighlight lang="lsl">string sURL = "https://SourceForge.Net/";
key kHttpRequestId;
default {
state_entry() {
kHttpRequestId = llHTTPRequest(sURL, [], "");
}
http_response(key kRequestId, integer iStatus, list lMetaData, string sBody) {
if(kRequestId==kHttpRequestId) {
llOwnerSay("Status="+(string)iStatus);
integer x = 0;
for(x=0 ; x<llGetListLength(lMetaData) ; x++) {
llOwnerSay("llList2String(lMetaData, "+(string)x+")="+llList2String(lMetaData, x));
}
list lBody = llParseString2List(sBody, ["\n"], []);
for(x=0 ; x<llGetListLength(lBody) ; x++) {
llOwnerSay("llList2String(lBody, "+(string)x+")="+llList2String(lBody, x));
}
}
}
}</syntaxhighlight>
Output:
<pre>Status=200
llList2String(lMetaData, 0)=0
llList2String(lMetaData, 1)=2048
llList2String(lBody, 0)=<!doctype html>
llList2String(lBody, 1)=<!-- Server: sfs-consume-7 -->
llList2String(lBody, 2)=<!--[if lt IE 7 ]> <html lang="en" class="no-js ie6" > <![endif]-->
llList2String(lBody, 3)=<!--[if IE 7 ]> <html lang="en" class="no-js ie7" > <![endif]-->
llList2String(lBody, 4)=<!--[if IE 8 ]> <html lang="en" class="no-js ie8" > <![endif]-->
llList2String(lBody, 5)=<!--[if IE 9 ]> <html lang="en" class="no-js ie9" > <![endif]-->
llList2String(lBody, 6)=<!--[if (gt IE 9)|!(IE)]>--> <html lang="en" class="no-js"> <!--<![endif]-->
llList2String(lBody, 7)= <head>
llList2String(lBody, 8)= <meta charset="utf-8">
llList2String(lBody, 9)=
llList2String(lBody, 10)= <meta id="webtracker" name="webtracker" content='{"event_id": "ea71f064-ca28-11e1-98cc-0019b9f0e8fc"}'>
llList2String(lBody, 11)= <meta name="description" content="Free, secure and fast downloads from the largest Open Source applications and software directory - SourceForge.net">
llList2String(lBody, 12)= <meta name="keywords" content="Open Source, Open Source Software, Development, Community, Source Code, Secure, Downloads, Free Software">
llList2String(lBody, 13)=<meta name="msvalidate.01" content="0279349BB9CF7ACA882F86F29C50D3EA" />
llList2String(lBody, 14)= <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
llList2String(lBody, 15)= <title>SourceForge - Download, Develop and Publish Free Open Source Software</title>
llList2String(lBody, 16)= <link rel="shortcut icon" href="http://a.fsdn.com/con/img/sftheme/favicon.ico">
... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...</pre>
=={{header|Lua}}==
{{works with|Lua|5.1 - 5.3}}
{{libheader|lua-http}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="lua">
local request = require('http.request')
local headers, stream = request.new_from_uri("https://sourceforge.net/"):go()
local body = stream:get_body_as_string()
local status = headers:get(':status')
io.write(string.format('Status: %d\nBody: %s\n', status, body)
</syntaxhighlight>
HTTPS requests can be also done with the much smaller libraries like [[LuaSec]] or [[lua-requests]], but it currently don't support redirects, which is why I used [[lua-http]] in this example.
=={{header|Maple}}==
<syntaxhighlight lang="maple">
content := URL:-Get( "https://www.google.ca/" );
</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Mathematica}} / {{header|Wolfram Language}}==
Straight forward "Import" task. More complicated secure web access can be done using J/Link; essentially a link to Java API.
<syntaxhighlight lang="mathematica">
content=Import["https://sourceforge.net", "HTML"]
</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|MATLAB}} / {{header|Octave}}==
<syntaxhighlight lang="matlab">s=urlread('https://sourceforge.net/')</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Nemerle}}==
This example is essentially identical to the [[HTTP]] task because the <tt>WebClient</tt> object can be used with http:, https:, ftp: and file: uri's.
<syntaxhighlight lang="nemerle">using System;
using System.Console;
using System.Net;
using System.IO;
module HTTP
{
Main() : void
{
def wc = WebClient();
def myStream = wc.OpenRead(https://sourceforge.com);
def sr = StreamReader(myStream);
WriteLine(sr.ReadToEnd());
myStream.Close()
}
}</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|NewLISP}}==
<syntaxhighlight lang="newlisp">(! "curl https://sourceforge.net")</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Nim}}==
{{libheader|OpenSSL}}
Compile with <code>nim c -d:ssl httpsClient.nim</code>:
<syntaxhighlight lang="nim">import httpclient
var client = newHttpClient()
echo client.getContent("https://sourceforge.net")</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Objeck}}==
<syntaxhighlight lang="objeck">
use HTTP;
class HttpsTest {
function : Main(args : String[]) ~ Nil {
client := HttpsClient->New();
lines := client->Get("https://sourceforge.net");
each(i : lines) {
lines->Get(i)->As(String)->PrintLine();
};
}
}
</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Ol}}==
{{libheader|libcurl}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="scheme">
(import (lib curl))
(define curl (make-curl))
(curl 'url "https://www.w3.org/")
(curl 'perform)
</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Pascal}}==
{{works with|Free Pascal}}
Using [http://wiki.freepascal.org/fphttpclient fphttpclient]
<syntaxhighlight lang="pascal">{$mode objfpc}{$H+}
uses fphttpclient;
var
s: string;
hc: tfphttpclient;
begin
hc := tfphttpclient.create(nil);
try
s := hc.get('https://www.example.com')
finally
hc.free
end;
writeln(s)
end.</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Perl}}==
{{libheader|LWP}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="perl">
use strict;
use LWP::UserAgent;
my $url = 'https://www.rosettacode.org';
my $response = LWP::UserAgent->new->get( $url );
$response->is_success or die "Failed to GET '$url': ", $response->status_line;
print $response->as_string;
</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Phix}}==
{{libheader|Phix/libcurl}}
Exactly the same as the [[HTTP#Phix]] task.
<!--<syntaxhighlight lang="phix">(notonline)-->
<span style="color: #008080;">without</span> <span style="color: #008080;">js</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">include</span> <span style="color: #000000;">builtins</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">\</span><span style="color: #000000;">libcurl</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">.</span><span style="color: #000000;">e</span>
<span style="color: #7060A8;">curl_global_init</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">()</span>
<span style="color: #004080;">atom</span> <span style="color: #000000;">curl</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">curl_easy_init</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">()</span>
<span style="color: #7060A8;">curl_easy_setopt</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">curl</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #004600;">CURLOPT_URL</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #008000;">"https://sourceforge.net/"</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<span style="color: #004080;">object</span> <span style="color: #000000;">res</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">curl_easy_perform_ex</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">curl</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<span style="color: #7060A8;">curl_easy_cleanup</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">curl</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<span style="color: #7060A8;">curl_global_cleanup</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">()</span>
<span style="color: #7060A8;">puts</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">1</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #000000;">res</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<!--</syntaxhighlight>-->
=={{header|PHP}}==
<syntaxhighlight lang="php">
echo file_get_contents('https://sourceforge.net');
</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|PicoLisp}}==
PicoLisp has no functionality for communicating with a HTTPS server
(only for the other direction), but it is easy to use an external tool
<syntaxhighlight lang="picolisp">
(in '(curl "https://sourceforge.net") # Open a pipe to 'curl'
(out NIL (echo)) ) # Echo to standard output
</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Pike}}==
<syntaxhighlight lang="pike">
int main() {
write("%s\n", Protocols.HTTP.get_url_data("https://sourceforge.net"));
}
</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|PowerShell}}==
<syntaxhighlight lang="powershell">
Invoke-WebRequest 'https://www.rosettacode.org'
</syntaxhighlight>
<syntaxhighlight lang="powershell">
$wc = New-Object Net.WebClient
$wc.DownloadString('https://sourceforge.net')
</syntaxhighlight>
If the certificate could not be validated (untrusted, self-signed, expired), then an Exception is thrown with the message ''“The underlying connection was closed: Could not establish trust relationship for the SSL/TLS secure channel.”'' so certificate validation is done automatically by the method.
=={{header|Python}}==
Python's '''urllib.request''' library, has support for SSL if the interpreter's underlying ''httplib'' libraries were compiled with SSL support. By default this will be the enabled for default Python installations on most platforms.
<syntaxhighlight lang="python">import urllib.request
print(urllib.request.urlopen("https://sourceforge.net/").read())</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|R}}==
{{libheader|RCurl}}
{{libheader|XML}}
The basic idea is to use getURL (as with [[HTTP_Request]]), but with some extra parameters.
<syntaxhighlight lang="r">library(RCurl)
webpage <- getURL("https://sourceforge.net/", .opts=list(followlocation=TRUE, ssl.verifyhost=FALSE, ssl.verifypeer=FALSE))</syntaxhighlight>
In this case, the webpage output contains unprocessed characters, e.g. \" instead of " and \\ instead of \, so we need to process the markup.
<syntaxhighlight lang="r">
wp <- readLines(tc <- textConnection(webpage))
close(tc)
</syntaxhighlight>
Finally, we parse the HTML and find the interesting bit.
<syntaxhighlight lang="r">
pagetree <- htmlTreeParse(wp)
pagetree$children$html
</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Racket}}==
<syntaxhighlight lang="racket">
#lang racket
(require net/url)
(copy-port (get-pure-port (string->url "https://www.google.com")
#:redirections 100)
(current-output-port))
</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Raku}}==
(formerly Perl 6)
{{works with|Rakudo|2017.09}}
There are several modules that provide HTTPS capability. WWW and HTTP::UserAgent are probably the most popular right now, but others exist.
<syntaxhighlight lang="raku" line>use WWW;
say get 'https://sourceforge.net/';</syntaxhighlight>
or
<syntaxhighlight lang="raku" line>use HTTP::UserAgent;
say HTTP::UserAgent.new.get('https://sourceforge.net/').content;</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|REALbasic}}==
REALBasic provides an HTTPSecureSocket class for handling HTTPS connections. The 'Get' method of the HTTPSecureSocket is overloaded and can download data to a file or return data as a string, in both cases an optional timeout argument can be passed.
<syntaxhighlight lang="realbasic">
Dim sock As New HTTPSecureSocket
Print(sock.Get("https://sourceforge.net", 10)) //set the timeout period to 10 seconds.
</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Ring}}==
<syntaxhighlight lang="ring">
cStr= download("http://sourceforge.net/")
see cStr + nl
</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|RLaB}}==
See [[HTTP#RLaB]]
=={{header|Ruby}}==
This solution doesn't use the <code>open-uri</code> convenience package that the [[HTTP Request#Ruby]] solution uses: the <code>Net::HTTP</code> object must be told to use SSL before the session is started.
<syntaxhighlight lang="ruby">
require 'net/https'
require 'uri'
require 'pp'
uri = URI.parse('https://sourceforge.net')
http = Net::HTTP.new(uri.host,uri.port)
http.use_ssl = true
http.verify_mode = OpenSSL::SSL::VERIFY_NONE
http.start do
content = http.get(uri)
p [content.code, content.message]
pp content.to_hash
puts content.body
end
</syntaxhighlight>
outputs
<pre>
["302", "Found"]
{"location"=>["http://sourceforge.net/"],
"content-type"=>["text/html; charset=UTF-8"],
"connection"=>["close"],
"server"=>["nginx/0.7.60"],
"date"=>["Sun, 30 Aug 2009 20:20:07 GMT"],
"content-length"=>["229"],
"set-cookie"=>
["sf.consume=89f65c6fadd222338b2f3de6f8e8a17b2c8f67c2gAJ9cQEoVQhfZXhwaXJlc3ECY2RhdGV0aW1lCmRhdGV0aW1lCnEDVQoH9gETAw4HAAAAhVJxBFUDX2lkcQVVIDEyOWI2MmVkOWMwMWYxYWZiYzE5Y2JhYzcwZDMxYTE4cQZVDl9hY2Nlc3NlZF90aW1lcQdHQdKmt73UN21VDl9jcmVhdGlvbl90aW1lcQhHQdKmt73UN2V1Lg==; expires=Tue, 19-Jan-2038 03:14:07 GMT; Path=/"]}
<html>
<head>
<title>302 Found</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>302 Found</h1>
The resource was found at <a href="http://sourceforge.net/">http://sourceforge.net/</a>;
you should be redirected automatically.
</body>
</html>
</pre>
=={{header|Rust}}==
<syntaxhighlight lang="rust">
extern crate reqwest;
fn main() {
let response = match reqwest::blocking::get("https://sourceforge.net") {
Ok(response) => response,
Err(e) => panic!("error encountered while making request: {:?}", e),
};
println!("{}", response.text().unwrap());
}
</syntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
<pre>
<!-- Server: sfs-consume-7 -->
<html class="no-js" lang="en">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, user-scalable=no" />
<script>
var __gdpr = true;
var __ccpa = false;
...
</pre>
=={{header|Scala}}==
{{libheader|Scala}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="scala">import scala.io.Source
object HttpsTest extends App {
System.setProperty("http.agent", "*")
Source.fromURL("https://sourceforge.net").getLines.foreach(println)
}</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Seed7}}==
The library [http://seed7.sourceforge.net/libraries/gethttps.htm gethttps.s7i] defines the function
[http://seed7.sourceforge.net/libraries/gethttps.htm#getHttps%28in_string%29 getHttps] which uses the
HTTPS protocol go get a file.
<syntaxhighlight lang="seed7">$ include "seed7_05.s7i";
include "gethttps.s7i";
include "utf8.s7i";
const proc: main is func
begin
writeln(STD_UTF8_OUT, getHttps("sourceforge.net"));
end func;</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Sidef}}==
<syntaxhighlight lang="ruby">require('LWP::UserAgent')
require('LWP::Protocol::https')
func get(url) {
static ua = %O<LWP::UserAgent>.new(
agent => 'Mozilla/5.0',
ssl_opts => Hash(verify_hostname => 1),
)
var resp = ua.get(url)
if (resp.is_success) {
return resp.decoded_content
}
die "Failed to GET #{url}: #{resp.status_line}"
}
say get("https://rosettacode.org")</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Swift}}==
<syntaxhighlight lang="swift">import Foundation
// With https
let request = NSURLRequest(URL: NSURL(string: "https://sourceforge.net")!)
NSURLConnection.sendAsynchronousRequest(request, queue: NSOperationQueue()) {res, data, err in // callback
// data is binary
if (data != nil) {
let string = NSString(data: data!, encoding: NSUTF8StringEncoding)
println(string)
}
}
CFRunLoopRun() // dispatch</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Tcl}}==
Though Tcl's built-in <code>http</code> package does not understand SSL, it does support the registration of external handlers to accommodate additional protocols. This allows the use of the [http://tls.sourceforge.net/ Tls] package to supply the missing functionality with only a single line to complete the registration.
<syntaxhighlight lang="tcl">
package require http
package require tls
# Tell the http package what to do with “https:” URLs.
#
# First argument is the protocol name, second the default port, and
# third the connection builder command
http::register "https" 443 ::tls::socket
# Make a secure connection, which is almost identical to normal
# connections except for the different protocol in the URL.
set token [http::geturl "https://sourceforge.net/"]
# Now as for conventional use of the “http” package
puts [http::data $token]
http::cleanup $token
</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|TUSCRIPT}}==
<syntaxhighlight lang="tuscript">
$$ MODE TUSCRIPT
SET DATEN = REQUEST ("https://sourceforge.net")
*{daten}
</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|UNIX Shell}}==
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
curl -k -s -L https://sourceforge.net/
</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|VBScript}}==
{{Libheader|Microsoft.XmlHTTP}}
Based on code at [http://itknowledgeexchange.techtarget.com/vbscript-systems-administrator/how-to-retrieve-html-web-pages-with-vbscript-via-the-microsoftxmlhttp-object/ How to retrieve HTML web pages with VBScript via the Microsoft.XmlHttp object]
<syntaxhighlight lang="vb">
Option Explicit
Const sURL="https://sourceforge.net/"
Dim oHTTP
Set oHTTP = CreateObject("Microsoft.XmlHTTP")
On Error Resume Next
oHTTP.Open "GET", sURL, False
oHTTP.Send ""
If Err.Number = 0 Then
WScript.Echo oHTTP.responseText
Else
Wscript.Echo "error " & Err.Number & ": " & Err.Description
End If
Set oHTTP = Nothing
</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Visual Basic}}==
{{Libheader|Microsoft.WinHttp}}
{{works with|Visual Basic|5}}
{{works with|Visual Basic|6}}
{{works with|VBA|Access 97}}
{{works with|VBA|6.5}}
{{works with|VBA|7.1}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="vb">Sub Main()
Dim HttpReq As WinHttp.WinHttpRequest
' in the "references" dialog of the IDE, check
' "Microsoft WinHTTP Services, version 5.1" (winhttp.dll)
Const HTTPREQUEST_PROXYSETTING_PROXY As Long = 2
Const WINHTTP_FLAG_SECURE_PROTOCOL_TLS1 As Long = &H80&
Const WINHTTP_FLAG_SECURE_PROTOCOL_TLS1_1 As Long = &H200&
Const WINHTTP_FLAG_SECURE_PROTOCOL_TLS1_2 As Long = &H800&
#Const USE_PROXY = 1
Set HttpReq = New WinHttp.WinHttpRequest
HttpReq.Open "GET", "https://groups.google.com/robots.txt"
HttpReq.Option(WinHttpRequestOption_SecureProtocols) = WINHTTP_FLAG_SECURE_PROTOCOL_TLS1 Or _
WINHTTP_FLAG_SECURE_PROTOCOL_TLS1_1 Or _
WINHTTP_FLAG_SECURE_PROTOCOL_TLS1_2
#If USE_PROXY Then
HttpReq.SetProxy HTTPREQUEST_PROXYSETTING_PROXY, "my_proxy:80"
#End If
HttpReq.SetTimeouts 1000, 1000, 1000, 1000
HttpReq.Send
Debug.Print HttpReq.ResponseText
End Sub</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Visual Basic .NET}}==
<syntaxhighlight lang="vbnet">
Imports System.Net
Dim client As WebClient = New WebClient()
Dim content As String = client.DownloadString("https://sourceforge.net")
Console.WriteLine(content)
</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Wren}}==
{{trans|C}}
{{libheader|libcurl}}
An embedded program so we can ask the C host to communicate with libcurl for us.
<syntaxhighlight lang="wren">/* HTTPS.wren */
var CURLOPT_URL = 10002
var CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION = 52
var CURLOPT_ERRORBUFFER = 10010
foreign class Curl {
construct easyInit() {}
foreign easySetOpt(opt, param)
foreign easyPerform()
foreign easyCleanup()
}
var curl = Curl.easyInit()
if (curl == 0) {
System.print("Error initializing cURL.")
return
}
curl.easySetOpt(CURLOPT_URL, "https://www.w3.org/")
curl.easySetOpt(CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION, 1)
curl.easySetOpt(CURLOPT_ERRORBUFFER, 0) // buffer to be supplied by C
var status = curl.easyPerform()
if (status != 0) {
System.print("Failed to perform task.")
return
}
curl.easyCleanup()</syntaxhighlight>
<br>
We now embed this in the following C program, compile and run it.
<syntaxhighlight lang="c">/* gcc HTTPS.c -o HTTPS -lcurl -lwren -lm */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <curl/curl.h>
#include "wren.h"
/* C <=> Wren interface functions */
void C_curlAllocate(WrenVM* vm) {
CURL** pcurl = (CURL**)wrenSetSlotNewForeign(vm, 0, 0, sizeof(CURL*));
*pcurl = curl_easy_init();
}
void C_easyPerform(WrenVM* vm) {
CURL* curl = *(CURL**)wrenGetSlotForeign(vm, 0);
CURLcode cc = curl_easy_perform(curl);
wrenSetSlotDouble(vm, 0, (double)cc);
}
void C_easyCleanup(WrenVM* vm) {
CURL* curl = *(CURL**)wrenGetSlotForeign(vm, 0);
curl_easy_cleanup(curl);
}
void C_easySetOpt(WrenVM* vm) {
CURL* curl = *(CURL**)wrenGetSlotForeign(vm, 0);
CURLoption opt = (CURLoption)wrenGetSlotDouble(vm, 1);
if (opt < 10000) {
long lparam = (long)wrenGetSlotDouble(vm, 2);
curl_easy_setopt(curl, opt, lparam);
} else {
if (opt == CURLOPT_URL) {
const char *url = wrenGetSlotString(vm, 2);
curl_easy_setopt(curl, opt, url);
} else if (opt == CURLOPT_ERRORBUFFER) {
char buffer[CURL_ERROR_SIZE];
curl_easy_setopt(curl, opt, buffer);
}
}
}
WrenForeignClassMethods bindForeignClass(WrenVM* vm, const char* module, const char* className) {
WrenForeignClassMethods methods;
methods.allocate = NULL;
methods.finalize = NULL;
if (strcmp(module, "main") == 0) {
if (strcmp(className, "Curl") == 0) {
methods.allocate = C_curlAllocate;
}
}
return methods;
}
WrenForeignMethodFn bindForeignMethod(
WrenVM* vm,
const char* module,
const char* className,
bool isStatic,
const char* signature) {
if (strcmp(module, "main") == 0) {
if (strcmp(className, "Curl") == 0) {
if (!isStatic && strcmp(signature, "easySetOpt(_,_)") == 0) return C_easySetOpt;
if (!isStatic && strcmp(signature, "easyPerform()") == 0) return C_easyPerform;
if (!isStatic && strcmp(signature, "easyCleanup()") == 0) return C_easyCleanup;
}
}
return NULL;
}
static void writeFn(WrenVM* vm, const char* text) {
printf("%s", text);
}
void errorFn(WrenVM* vm, WrenErrorType errorType, const char* module, const int line, const char* msg) {
switch (errorType) {
case WREN_ERROR_COMPILE:
printf("[%s line %d] [Error] %s\n", module, line, msg);
break;
case WREN_ERROR_STACK_TRACE:
printf("[%s line %d] in %s\n", module, line, msg);
break;
case WREN_ERROR_RUNTIME:
printf("[Runtime Error] %s\n", msg);
break;
}
}
char *readFile(const char *fileName) {
FILE *f = fopen(fileName, "r");
fseek(f, 0, SEEK_END);
long fsize = ftell(f);
rewind(f);
char *script = malloc(fsize + 1);
fread(script, 1, fsize, f);
fclose(f);
script[fsize] = 0;
return script;
}
int main(int argc, char **argv) {
WrenConfiguration config;
wrenInitConfiguration(&config);
config.writeFn = &writeFn;
config.errorFn = &errorFn;
config.bindForeignClassFn = &bindForeignClass;
config.bindForeignMethodFn = &bindForeignMethod;
WrenVM* vm = wrenNewVM(&config);
const char* module = "main";
const char* fileName = "HTTPS.wren";
char *script = readFile(fileName);
WrenInterpretResult result = wrenInterpret(vm, module, script);
switch (result) {
case WREN_RESULT_COMPILE_ERROR:
printf("Compile Error!\n");
break;
case WREN_RESULT_RUNTIME_ERROR:
printf("Runtime Error!\n");
break;
case WREN_RESULT_SUCCESS:
break;
}
wrenFreeVM(vm);
free(script);
return 0;
}</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|zkl}}==
Using the cURL library to do the heavy lifting:
<syntaxhighlight lang="zkl">zkl: var ZC=Import("zklCurl")
zkl: var data=ZC().get("https://sourceforge.net")
L(Data(36,265),826,0)</syntaxhighlight>
get returns the text of the response along with two counts: the bytes of header in front of the html code and the byte count of stuff after the end of the page. So, if you wanted to look at the header:
<pre>zkl: data[0][0,data[1]).text
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: nginx
Date: Sun, 23 Mar 2014 07:36:51 GMT
Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8
Connection: close
...</pre>
or some of the html:
<pre>zkl: data[0][data[1],200).text
<!doctype html>
<!-- Server: sfs-consume-8 -->
<!--[if lt IE 7 ]> <html lang="en" class="no-js ie6"> <![endif]-->
<!--[if IE 7 ]> <html lang="en" class="no-js ie7"> <![endif]-->
<!--[if IE 8 ]> </pre>
{{omit from|Applesoft BASIC|No TCP/IP network support on Apple II}}
{{omit from|Brainf***}}
{{omit from|Commodore BASIC|Does not have network access}}
{{omit from|EasyLang|Has no internet functions}}
{{omit from|Inform 7|Does not have network access.}}
{{omit from|Integer BASIC|No TCP/IP network support on Apple II}}
{{omit from|Locomotive Basic|Does not have network access.}}
{{omit from|Lotus 123 Macro Scripting}}
{{omit from|M4}}
{{omit from|Maxima}}
{{omit from|ML/I}}
{{omit from|Openscad}}
{{omit from|PARI/GP}}
{{omit from|PostScript}}
{{omit from|Retro|Does not have network access.}}
{{omit from|SQL PL|Does not have network access}}
{{omit from|TI-83 BASIC|Does not have network access.}}
{{omit from|TI-89 BASIC|Does not have network access.}}
{{omit from|Unlambda|Does not have network access.}}
{{omit from|Yorick|Does not have network access.}}
{{omit from|ZX Spectrum Basic|Does not have network access.}}
| |||