Death Star: Difference between revisions

Death Star (view source)

Revision as of 11:25, 28 April 2024

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→‎{{header|POV-Ray}}: Changed syntax highlight language to "pov" to make it work

Warwick

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Revision as of 17:45, 16 July 2021 (view source) rosettacode>Gerard Schildberger m (changed a word to plural (;Tasks:).) ← Older edit		Revision as of 11:25, 28 April 2024 (view source) Warwick (talk \| contribs) m (→‎{{header\|POV-Ray}}: Changed syntax highlight language to "pov" to make it work) Newer edit →
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Line 23: * [[Write_language_name_in_3D_ASCII\|write language name in 3D ASCII]] <br><br> =={{header\|11l}}== {{trans\|Python}} <syntaxhighlight lang="11l">T Sphere Float cx, cy, cz, r F (cx, cy, cz, r) .cx = cx .cy = cy .cz = cz .r = r F dotp(v1, v2) V d = dot(v1, v2) R I d < 0 {-d} E 0.0 F hit_sphere(sph, x0, y0) V x = x0 - sph.cx V y = y0 - sph.cy V zsq = sph.r ^ 2 - (x ^ 2 + y ^ 2) I zsq < 0 R (0B, 0.0, 0.0) V szsq = sqrt(zsq) R (1B, sph.cz - szsq, sph.cz + szsq) F draw_sphere(k, ambient, light) V shades = ‘.:!oe&#%@’ V pos = Sphere(20.0, 20.0, 0.0, 20.0) V neg = Sphere(1.0, 1.0, -6.0, 20.0) L(i) Int(floor(pos.cy - pos.r)) .< Int(ceil(pos.cy + pos.r) + 1) V y = i + 0.5 L(j) Int(floor(pos.cx - 2 pos.r)) .< Int(ceil(pos.cx + 2 * pos.r) + 1) V x = (j - pos.cx) / 2.0 + 0.5 + pos.cx V (h, zb1, zb2) = hit_sphere(pos, x, y) Int hit_result Float zs2 I !h hit_result = 0 E (h, V zs1, zs2) = hit_sphere(neg, x, y) I !h hit_result = 1 E I zs1 > zb1 hit_result = 1 E I zs2 > zb2 hit_result = 0 E I zs2 > zb1 hit_result = 2 E hit_result = 1 V vec = (0.0, 0.0, 0.0) I hit_result == 0 print(‘ ’, end' ‘’) L.continue E I hit_result == 1 vec = (x - pos.cx, y - pos.cy, zb1 - pos.cz) E I hit_result == 2 vec = (neg.cx - x, neg.cy - y, neg.cz - zs2) vec = normalize(vec) V b = dotp(light, vec) ^ k + ambient V intensity = Int((1 - b) * shades.len) intensity = min(shades.len, max(0, intensity)) print(shades[intensity], end' ‘’) print() V light = normalize((-50.0, 30.0, 50.0)) draw_sphere(2, 0.5, light)</syntaxhighlight> {{out}} <pre> eeeee::::::: eeeeeeeee.............. ooeeeeeeeeee.................. ooooeeeeeeeee...................... oooooooeeeeeeee.......................... ooooooooooeeeee.............................. ooooooooooeeee................................. ooooooooooee..................................... !*ooooooooooe....................................... !!!*ooooooooo:.......................................... :!!!!*ooooooo:::........................................... :::!!!!*ooooo!:::::........................................... ::::!!!!!*ooo!!!!::::............................................ .::::!!!!**oo!!!!!::::............................................ ...::::!!!!*******!!!!:::::............................................ ...::::!!!!o*!!!!!::::............................................ ....::::!!!!ooo****!!!!!::::............................................ ....::::!!!!ooooooo***!!!!!:::::........................................... ...::::!!!!!oooooooooo*!!!!!:::::.......................................... :::::!!!!eeooooooooooo**!!!!!:::::......................................... !!!!!eeeeeeeooooooooooo**!!!!!:::::........................................ eeeeeeeeeeeeoooooooooooo**!!!!!:::::....................................... eeeeeeeeeeeeeoooooooooooo**!!!!!!:::::..................................... eeeeeeeeeeeeeeoooooooooooo**!!!!!!:::::.................................... eeeeeeeeeeeeeeoooooooooooo***!!!!!!:::::................................. eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeooooooooooooo**!!!!!!::::::..............................: eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeooooooooooooo***!!!!!!:::::::..........................: eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeoooooooooooooo***!!!!!!!:::::::.....................::! eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeooooooooooooo****!!!!!!!:::::::::..............::::! eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeoooooooooooooo*****!!!!!!!!::::::::::::::::::::::! eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeooooooooooooooo*******!!!!!!!!!!:::::::::::::!!!! eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeoooooooooooooooo*********!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeooooooooooooooooo**********!!!!!!!!!!!! eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeoooooooooooooooooo******************o eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeooooooooooooooooooooo*********ooo eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeooooooooooooooooooooooooo eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeoooooooooooooooooo eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee </pre> =={{header\|Ada}}== {{libheader\|SDLAda}}{{trans\|Go}} <~~lang~~syntaxhighlight ~~Ada~~lang="ada">with Ada.Numerics.Elementary_Functions; with Ada.Numerics.Generic_Real_Arrays; Line 169 ⟶ 284: Window.Finalize; SDL.Finalise; end Death_Star;</~~lang~~syntaxhighlight> =={{header\|ALGOL 68}}== {{Trans\|C}}{{Trans\|11l}} <syntaxhighlight lang="algol68"> BEGIN # draw a "Death Star" - translated from the C and 11l samples # STRING shades = ".:!oe&#%@"; PROC normalize = ( []REAL v )[]REAL: BEGIN REAL len = sqrt( v[ 1 ] * v[ 1 ] + v[ 2 ] * v[ 2 ] + v[ 3 ] * v[ 3 ] ); ( v[ 1 ] / len, v[ 2 ] / len, v[ 3 ] / len ) END # normalize # ; PROC dot = ( []REAL x, y )REAL: BEGIN REAL d = x[ 1 ] * y[ 1 ] + x[ 2 ] * y[ 2 ] + x[ 3 ] * y[ 3 ]; IF d < 0 THEN - d ELSE 0 FI END # dot # ; MODE SPHERE = STRUCT( REAL cx, cy, cz, r ); # positive shpere and negative sphere # SPHERE pos = ( 20, 20, 0, 20 ), neg = ( 1, 1, -6, 20 ); # check if a ray (x,y, -inf)->(x, y, inf) hits a sphere; if so, return # # the intersecting z values. z1 is closer to the eye # PROC hit_sphere = ( SPHERE sph, REAL x in, y in, REF REAL z1, z2 )BOOL: IF REAL x = x in - cx OF sph; REAL y = y in - cy OF sph; REAL zsq := r OF sph * r OF sph - ( x * x + y * y ); zsq < 0 THEN FALSE ELSE zsq := sqrt( zsq ); z1 := cz OF sph - zsq; z2 := cz OF sph + zsq; TRUE FI # hit_sphere # ; PROC draw_sphere = ( REAL k, ambient, []REAL light )VOID: FOR i FROM ENTIER ( cy OF pos - r OF pos ) TO ENTIER ( cy OF pos + r OF pos ) + 1 DO REAL y := i + 0.5; FOR j FROM ENTIER ( cx OF pos - 2 * r OF pos ) TO ENTIER (cx OF pos + 2 * r OF pos ) + 1 DO REAL x := ( j - cx OF pos ) / 2.0 + 0.5 + cx OF pos; REAL zb1 := 0, zb2 := 0, zs1 := 0, zs2 := 0; INT hit_result = IF NOT hit_sphere( pos, x, y, zb1, zb2 ) THEN 0 # ray lands in blank space, draw bg # ELIF NOT hit_sphere( neg, x, y, zs1, zs2 ) THEN 1 # ray hits pos sphere but not neg, draw pos sphere surface # ELIF zs1 > zb1 THEN 1 # ray hits both, but pos front surface is closer # ELIF zs2 > zb2 THEN 0 # pos sphere surface is inside neg sphere, show bg # ELIF zs2 > zb1 THEN 2 # back surface on neg sphere is inside pos sphere, # # the only place where neg sphere surface will be shown # ELSE 1 # show the pos sphere # FI; IF hit_result = 0 THEN print( ( " " ) ) ELSE []REAL vec = normalize( IF hit_result = 1 THEN []REAL( x - cx OF pos , y - cy OF pos , zb1 - cz OF pos ) ELSE []REAL( cx OF neg - x , cy OF neg - y , cz OF neg - zs2 ) FI ); REAL b = ( dot( light, vec ) ^ k ) + ambient; INT intensity := ENTIER ( ( 1 - b ) * ( ( UPB shades - LWB shades ) + 1 ) ) + 1; IF intensity < LWB shades THEN intensity := LWB shades ELIF intensity > UPB shades THEN intensity := UPB shades FI; print( ( shades[ intensity ] ) ) FI OD; print( ( newline ) ) OD # draw_sphere # ; BEGIN []REAL light = ( -50, 30, 50 ); draw_sphere( 2, 0.5, normalize( light ) ) END END </syntaxhighlight> {{out}} Same as 11l =={{header\|AutoHotkey}}== {{libheader\|GDIP}} <~~lang~~syntaxhighlight lang="ahk">#NoEnv SetBatchLines, -1 #SingleInstance, Force Line 252 ⟶ 460: ; gdi+ may now be shutdown on exiting the program Gdip_Shutdown(pToken) ExitApp</~~lang~~syntaxhighlight> =={{header\|Brlcad}}== <~~lang~~syntaxhighlight lang="brlcad"># We need a database to hold the objects opendb deathstar.g y Line 280 ⟶ 488: # We now trigger the raytracer to see our finished product rt</~~lang~~syntaxhighlight> =={{header\|C}}== Primitive ray tracing. <~~lang~~syntaxhighlight lang="c">#include <stdio.h> #include <math.h> #include <unistd.h> Line 395 ⟶ 603: } return 0; }</~~lang~~syntaxhighlight> =={{header\|D}}== {{trans\|C}} <~~lang~~syntaxhighlight lang="d">import std.stdio, std.math, std.numeric, std.algorithm; struct V3 { Line 507 ⟶ 715: immutable light = [-50, 30, 50].V3.normalize; drawSphere(2, 0.5, light); }</~~lang~~syntaxhighlight> The output is the same of the C version. Line 518 ⟶ 726: {{Trans\|C}} Translate of [[#C]] and [[#Go]], with copy of some parts of [[#DWScript]]. <syntaxhighlight lang="delphi"> ~~<lang Delphi>~~ program Death_Star; Line 672 ⟶ 880: Free; end; end.</~~lang~~syntaxhighlight> =={{header\|DWScript}}== {{trans\|C}} <~~lang~~syntaxhighlight lang="delphi">const cShades = '.:!oe&#%@'; type TVector = array [0..2] of Float; Line 768 ⟶ 976: Normalize(light); DrawSphere(2, 0.3);</~~lang~~syntaxhighlight> =={{header\|Frink}}== This program not only draws a Death Star and renders it onscreen projected on the x,y, and z axes but also outputs a .stl file for 3-D printing. Frink has [https://frinklang.org/3d/frink/graphics/package-summary.html built-in routines for 3-D modeling]. <syntaxhighlight lang="frink">res = 254 / in v = callJava["frink.graphics.VoxelArray", "makeSphere", [1/2 inch res]] dish = callJava["frink.graphics.VoxelArray", "makeSphere", [1/2 inch res]] dish.translate[round[.45 inch res], round[.45 inch res], round[.45 inch res]] v.remove[dish] v.projectX[undef].show["X"] v.projectY[undef].show["Y"] v.projectZ[undef].show["Z"] filename = "DeathStar.stl" print["Writing $filename..."] w = new Writer[filename] w.println[v.toSTLFormat["DeathStar", 1/(res mm)]] w.close[] println["done."] </syntaxhighlight> =={{header\|Go}}== [[file:GoDstar.png\|right\|thumb\|Output png]] {{trans\|C}} <~~lang~~syntaxhighlight lang="go">package main import ( Line 875 ⟶ 1,104: fmt.Println(err) } }</~~lang~~syntaxhighlight> =={{header\|Haskell}}== === ASCII art === <syntaxhighlight lang="haskell">import Data.List (genericLength) shades = ".:!oe%#&@" n = genericLength shades dot a b = sum $ zipWith () a b normalize x = (/ sqrt (x `dot` x)) <$> x deathStar r k amb = unlines $ [ [ if xx + yy <= rr then let vec = normalize $ normal x y b = (light `dot` vec) ** k + amb intensity = (1 - b)(n - 1) in shades !! round ((0 `max` intensity) `min` n) else ' ' \| y <- map (/2.12) [- 2r - 0.5 .. 2r + 0.5] ] \| x <- [ - r - 0.5 .. r + 0.5] ] where light = normalize [-30,-30,-50] normal x y \| (x+r)2 + (y+r)2 <= r2 = [x+r, y+r, sph2 x y] \| otherwise = [x, y, sph1 x y] sph1 x y = sqrt (rr - xx - yy) sph2 x y = r - sqrt (rr - (x+r)2 - (y+r)2)</syntaxhighlight> <pre>λ> putStrLn $ deathStar 10 4 0.1 eeeeoo&&&&&&& eeeeeoooo!&&&&&&&&&&&& eeooooooo!!&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& eooooo**!!!::&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& eooo!!!!:::.&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& eeeoo!!!::::.&&&&&&##############&&&& eeeoo!!:::...&&&########%%%%%%%%#####&& eeoo!!!::...&&######%%%%%%%eeeeee%%%%### eooo!!::..&&&#####%%%%%eeeeeooooooeeee%%#& oo!!:&&&&&&&####%%%%eeeoooo******oooee%# &&&&&&&&&&&&#####%%%eeeoo!!!!!!!!oe%# &&&&&&&&&&&####%%%eeeoo!!!::::::::!!oe# &&&&&&&&&&###%%%eeooo*!!:::.......::!!oe &&&&&&&&&####%%eeeoo*!!::..........::!o% &&&&&&&&####%%eeoo*!!::...........:!o% &&&&&&####%%eeoo*!!::..........:!o &&&&&&###%%%eeoo*!!::......::!oe &&&&&###%%%eeoo*!!!!:::!!!o% &&&&###%%%eeoooo***ooe% &&####%%%%%%%# </pre> =={{header\|J}}== {{Trans\|Python}} <syntaxhighlight lang="j"> ~~<lang J>~~ load'graphics/viewmat' mag =: +/&.::"1 Line 920 ⟶ 1,203: env=.(2; 0.5; (norm _50 30 50)) sph=. 20 20 0; 20; 1 1 _6; 20 'rgb' viewmat togray env draw_sphere sph</~~lang~~syntaxhighlight> =={{header\|Java}}== {{libheader\|JavaFX}} <~~lang~~syntaxhighlight ~~Java~~lang="java">import javafx.application.Application; import javafx.event.EventHandler; import javafx.geometry.Point3D; Line 1,138 ⟶ 1,421: } </syntaxhighlight> ~~</lang>~~ ===Using Java 11=== Alternatively, without using JavaFX, which has been removed from the JavaJDK since version 11. <syntaxhighlight lang="java"> import java.awt.Color; import java.awt.Graphics; import java.awt.image.BufferedImage; import java.io.File; import java.io.IOException; import java.util.List; import javax.imageio.ImageIO; public final class DeathStar { public static void main(String[] aArgs) throws IOException { Vector direction = new Vector(20.0, -40.0, -10.0); direction.normalise(); Sphere positive = new Sphere(0, 0, 0, 120); Sphere negative = new Sphere(-90, -90, -30, 100); BufferedImage image = deathStar(positive, negative, direction, 1.5, 0.5); ImageIO.write(image, "png", new File("DeathStarJava.png")); } private static BufferedImage deathStar( Sphere aPositive, Sphere aNegative, Vector aDirection, double aShadow, double aBrightness) { final int width = aPositive.radius * 4; final int height = aPositive.radius * 3; BufferedImage result = new BufferedImage(width, height, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB); Graphics graphics = result.getGraphics(); graphics.setColor(Color.CYAN); graphics.fillRect(0, 0, width, height); Vector ray = new Vector(0.0, 0.0, 0.0); final int deltaX = aPositive.x - width / 2; final int deltaY = aPositive.y - height / 2; double xMax = aPositive.x + aPositive.radius; double yMax = aPositive.y + aPositive.radius; for ( int y = aPositive.y - aPositive.radius; y < yMax; y++ ) { for ( int x = aPositive.x - aPositive.radius; x < xMax; x++ ) { List<Object> contacts = aPositive.contact(x, y); final double zb1 = (double) contacts.get(0); final int zb2 = (int) contacts.get(1); final boolean positiveHit = (boolean) contacts.get(2); if ( ! positiveHit ) { continue; } contacts = aNegative.contact(x, y); final double zs1 = (double) contacts.get(0); final int zs2 = (int) contacts.get(1); boolean negativeHit = (boolean) contacts.get(2); if ( negativeHit ) { if ( zs1 > zb1 ) { negativeHit = false; } else if ( zs2 > zb2 ) { continue; } } if ( negativeHit ) { ray.x = aNegative.x - x; ray.y = aNegative.y - y; ray.z = aNegative.z - zs2; } else { ray.x = x - aPositive.x; ray.y = y - aPositive.y; ray.z = zb1 - aPositive.z; } ray.normalise(); double rayComponent = ray.scalarProduct(aDirection); if ( rayComponent < 0 ) { rayComponent = 0; } int color = (int) ( 255 * ( Math.pow(rayComponent, aShadow) + aBrightness) / ( 1 + aBrightness ) ); if ( color < 0 ) { color = 0; } else if ( color > 255 ) { color = 255; } result.setRGB(x - deltaX, y - deltaY, color); } } return result; } private static class Vector { public Vector(double aX, double aY, double aZ) { x = aX; y = aY; z = aZ; } public double scalarProduct(Vector aOther) { return x * aOther.x + y * aOther.y + z * aOther.z; } public Vector normalise() { final double magnitude = Math.sqrt(this.scalarProduct(this)); return new Vector(x /= magnitude, y /= magnitude, z /= magnitude); } private double x, y, z; } private static class Sphere { public Sphere(int aX, int aY, int aZ, int aRadius) { x = aX; y = aY; z = aZ; radius = aRadius; } public List<Object> contact(int aX, int aY) { final int xx = aX - x; final int yy = aY - y; final int zSquared = radius * radius - ( xx * xx + yy * yy ); if ( zSquared >= 0 ) { final double zz = Math.sqrt(zSquared); return List.of(z - zz, z, true); } return List.of( 0.0, 0, false ); } private int x, y, z, radius; } } </syntaxhighlight> {{ out }} [[Media:DeathStarJava.png]] =={{header\|JavaScript}}== Layer circles and gradients to achieve result similar to that of the Wikipedia page for the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_Star Death Star]. <syntaxhighlight lang="javascript"> ~~<lang JavaScript>~~ <!DOCTYPE html> <html> Line 1,185 ⟶ 1,600: </html> </syntaxhighlight> ~~</lang>~~ =={{header\|Julia}}== <~~lang~~syntaxhighlight lang="julia"># run in REPL using ~~Makie~~GLMakie function deathstar() Line 1,202 ⟶ 1,617: scene = Scene(backgroundcolor=:black) surface!(scene, x, y, z, color = rand(RGBAf0, 124, 124), show_axis=false) return scene end scene = deathstar() </syntaxhighlight> ~~</lang>~~ =={{header\|LSL}}== Rez a box on the ground, raise it up a few meters, add the following as a New Script. <~~lang~~syntaxhighlight ~~LSL~~lang="lsl">default { state_entry() { llSetPrimitiveParams([PRIM_NAME, "RosettaCode DeathStar"]); Line 1,222 ⟶ 1,638: llSetPrimitiveParams([PRIM_OMEGA, <0.0, 0.0, 1.0>, 1.0, 1.0]); } }</~~lang~~syntaxhighlight> Output: [[File:Death_Star_LSL.jpg\|200px\|Death Star]] =={{header\|Lua}}== {{trans\|C}} <syntaxhighlight lang="lua">function V3(x,y,z) return {x=x,y=y,z=z} end function dot(v,w) return v.xw.x + v.yw.y + v.zw.z end function norm(v) local m=math.sqrt(dot(v,v)) return V3(v.x/m, v.y/m, v.z/m) end function clamp(n,lo,hi) return math.floor(math.min(math.max(lo,n),hi)) end function hittest(s, x, y) local z = s.r^2 - (x-s.x)^2 - (y-s.y)^2 if z >= 0 then z = math.sqrt(z) return true, s.z-z, s.z+z end return false, 0, 0 end function deathstar(pos, neg, sun, k, amb) shades = {[0]=" ",".",":","!","","o","e","&","#","%","@"} for y = pos.x-pos.r-0.5, pos.x+pos.r+0.5 do for x = pos.x-pos.r-0.5, pos.x+pos.r+0.5, 0.5 do local hitpos, pz1, pz2 = hittest(pos, x, y) local result, hitneg, nz1, nz2 = 0 if hitpos then hitneg, nz1, nz2 = hittest(neg, x, y) if not hitneg or nz1 > pz1 then result = 1 elseif nz2 > pz2 then result = 0 elseif nz2 > pz1 then result = 2 else result = 1 end end local shade = 0 if result > 0 then if result == 1 then shade = clamp((1-dot(sun, norm(V3(x-pos.x, y-pos.y, pz1-pos.z)))^k+amb) * #shades, 1, #shades) else shade = clamp((1-dot(sun, norm(V3(neg.x-x, neg.y-y, neg.z-nz2)))^k+amb) * #shades, 1, #shades) end end io.write(shades[shade]) end io.write("\n") end end deathstar({x=20, y=20, z=0, r=20}, {x=10, y=10, z=-15, r=10}, norm(V3(-2,1,3)), 2, 0.1)</syntaxhighlight> {{out}} <pre style="font-size:50%"> @@@%%%%%%%%%#########% @@@@@%%%%%%#######&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&## @@@@@@%%%%%%######&&&&&&&eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee&& @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@&&&&&&eeeeeeeoooooooooooooooooooooeee& @@@@@&####%%%%@@@@@@@@@@@@%eeeeoooooooo*****************oooee @@@@eeee&&&&####%%%@@@@@@@@@@@@%oooooo****!!!!!!!!!!!!!!*oooe @@@ooooeeee&&&####%%%@@@@@@@@@@@%oo*****!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!oo& @@@!!!ooooeee&&&###%%%%@@@@@@@@@@%*!!!!!!!!:::::::::::::::::!!!!!ooe @@@:::!!!!!**oooeee&&###%%%%@@@@@@@@@%!!!!!!!::::::::::::::::::::::::!!!oe @@@@::::::::!!!oooeee&&&##%%%%@@@@@@@@@!!!!!!!:::::::::............::::::!!!oo @@@.......::::!!!!*ooeee&&###%%%@@@@@@@@@!!!!!!::::::::..................:::::!!!oe %@@@@.........::::!!!oooee&&&##%%%@@@@@@@@!!!!!!::::::::......................::::!!!oe %@@@@...........:::!!!*ooeee&&###%%%@@@@@@!!!!!!:::::::........................::::!!!oo %@@@@@...........:::!!!ooeee&&###%%@@@@@@!!!!!!:::::::.........................::::!!!oe @@@@@@..........::::!!!oooee&&&##%%%@@@@@!!!!!!:::::::..........................::::!!oe %@@@@@@::::...:::::!!!!*ooeee&&###%%@@@@o*!!!!!!:::::::..........................::::!!!o @@@@@@@@!!!:::::!!!!!*oooee&&&##%%%@@oooo**!!!!!!:::::::.........................:::::!!oe %@@@@@@@@@o**!**ooooeee&&###%%%eeeooooo*!!!!!!!:::::::........................::::!!!oe %@@@@@@@@@@@eeoooooooeeeee&&&##%%%&eeeeeeooooo***!!!!!!!::::::::.....................:::::!!!oo& %@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@##&&&#####%###&&&&&eeeeeoooooo****!!!!!!:::::::::..................:::::!!!!oe& %@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@%%%%%%######&&&&&eeeeeoooooo****!!!!!!!:::::::::::...........:::::::!!!!oe& %%@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@%%%%%%######&&&&&eeeeeeooooo****!!!!!!!::::::::::::::::::::::::::!!!!ooe& #%@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@%%%%%%%######&&&&&eeeeeeoooooo****!!!!!!!!::::::::::::::::::::!!!!!!ooee %%@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@%%%%%%%######&&&&&&eeeeeeoooooo****!!!!!!!!!!!!::::::::::!!!!!!!!ooee& #%@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@%%%%%%%######&&&&&&eeeeeeooooooo*****!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!oooee& %%@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@%%%%%%%######&&&&&&eeeeeeeooooooo******!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!***ooooee&# &%%@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@%%%%%%%#######&&&&&&eeeeeeeooooooooo*********************oooooeee&# #%%@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@%%%%%%%#######&&&&&&&eeeeeeeooooooooooo*************ooooooeeee&&# &%%@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@%%%%%%%%#######&&&&&&&&eeeeeeeeeoooooooooooooooooooooooooeeeee&&## #%%@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@%%%%%%%%########&&&&&&&&eeeeeeeeeeeeoooooooooooooeeeeeeee&&&##% #%%@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@%%%%%%%%%########&&&&&&&&&&eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee&&&&&##% #%%@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@%%%%%%%%%#########&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&eeeee&&&&&&&&&&####%% #%%@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@%%%%%%%%%%###########&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&######%%% #%%@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@%%%%%%%%%%%#############################%%%%@ #%%@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%###############%%%%%%%@ #%%@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%@@@ #%%@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@%%%%%%%%@@@@@@@@@ %%@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ %@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@</pre> =={{header\|Maple}}== <~~lang~~syntaxhighlight ~~Maple~~lang="maple">with(plots): with(plottools): plots:-display( implicitplot3d(x^2 + y^2 + z^2 = 1, x = -1..0.85, y = -1..1, z = -1..1, style = surface, grid = [50,50,50]), translate(rotate(implicitplot3d(x^2 + y^2 + z^2 = 1, x = 0.85..1, y = -1..1, z = -1..1, style = surface, grid = [50,50,50]), 0, Pi, 0), 1.70, 0, 0), axes = none, scaling = constrained, color = gray)</~~lang~~syntaxhighlight> =={{header\|Mathematica}} / {{header\|Wolfram Language}}== <~~lang~~syntaxhighlight ~~Mathematica~~lang="mathematica">RegionPlot3D[x^2 + y^2 + z^2 < 1 && (x + 1.7)^2 + y^2 + z^2 > 1, {x, -1, 1}, {y, -1, 1}, {z, -1, 1}, Boxed -> False, Mesh -> False, Axes -> False, Background -> Black, PlotPoints -> 100]</~~lang~~syntaxhighlight> =={{header\|Nim}}== Line 1,245 ⟶ 1,747: The result is written in a PNG file. For this purpose, we used the modules “bitmap” and “grayscale_image” created for the tasks “Bitmap” and “Grayscale image”. To write the PNG file, we use the third party library “nimPNG”. <~~lang~~syntaxhighlight ~~Nim~~lang="nim">import math import bitmap, grayscale_image, nimPNG Line 1,334 ⟶ 1,836: for color in rgbImage.pixels: data.add([color.r, color.g, color.b]) echo savePNG24("death_star.png", data, rgbImage.w, rgbImage.h)</~~lang~~syntaxhighlight> =={{header\|Openscad}}== <~~lang~~syntaxhighlight lang="openscad">// We are performing geometric subtraction difference() { Line 1,355 ⟶ 1,857: sphere(40); } }</~~lang~~syntaxhighlight> =={{header\|Perl}}== [[file:death-star-perl.png\|thumb]] Writes a PGM to stdout. <~~lang~~syntaxhighlight lang="perl">use strict; sub sq { Line 1,434 ⟶ 1,936: } draw(2, 0.2);</~~lang~~syntaxhighlight> =={{header\|Phix}}== {{trans\|Go}} {{libheader\|Phix/pGUI}} {{libheader\|Phix/online}} ~~<lang Phix>-- demo\rosetta\DeathStar.exw~~ You can run this online [http://phix.x10.mx/p2js/deathstar.htm here]. Note it is rather slow to redraw fullscreen. ~~include pGUI.e~~ <!--<syntaxhighlight lang="phix">(phixonline)--> <span style="color: #000080;font-style:italic;">-- ~~Ihandle dlg, canvas~~ -- demo\rosetta\DeathStar.exw ~~cdCanvas cddbuffer, cdcanvas~~ -- ========================== -- ~~function dot(sequence x, sequence y)~~ -- Translated from Go. ~~return sum(sq_mul(x,y))~~ --</span> ~~end function~~ <span style="color: #008080;">with</span> <span style="color: #008080;">javascript_semantics</span> <span style="color: #008080;">include</span> <span style="color: #000000;">pGUI</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">.</span><span style="color: #000000;">e</span> ~~function normalize(sequence v)~~ ~~atom len = sqrt(dot(v, v))~~ ~~if len=0 then return {0,0,0} end if~~ ~~return sq_mul(v,1/len)~~ ~~end function~~ ~~enum X,Y,Z~~ ~~function hit(sequence s, atom x, y, atom r)~~ ~~x -= s[X]~~ ~~y -= s[Y]~~ ~~atom zsq := rr - (xx + yy)~~ ~~if zsq >= 0 then~~ ~~atom zsqrt := sqrt(zsq)~~ ~~return {s[Z] - zsqrt, s[Z] + zsqrt, true}~~ ~~end if~~ ~~return {0, 0, false}~~ ~~end function~~ <span style="color: #008080;">constant</span> <span style="color: #000000;">title</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #008000;">"Death Star"</span> ~~procedure deathStar(integer width, height, atom k, atom amb, sequence direction)~~ <span style="color: #004080;">Ihandle</span> <span style="color: #000000;">dlg</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #000000;">canvas</span> ~~integer lum~~ <span style="color: #004080;">cdCanvas</span> <span style="color: #000000;">cddbuffer</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #000000;">cdcanvas</span> ~~sequence vec~~ ~~integer r = floor((min(width,height)-40)/2)~~ ~~integer cx = floor(width/2)~~ ~~integer cy = floor(height/2)~~ ~~sequence pos = {0,0,0},~~ ~~neg = {r-3/4,r-3/4,r-1/4}~~ ~~for y = pos[Y]-r to pos[Y]+r do~~ ~~for x = pos[X]-r to pos[X]+r do~~ ~~atom {zb1, zb2, hit1} := hit(pos, x, y, r)~~ ~~if hit1 then~~ ~~atom {zs1, zs2, hit2} := hit(neg, x, y, r/2)~~ ~~if not hit2 or zs2<=zb2 then~~ ~~if hit2 and zs1<=zb1 then~~ ~~vec = {neg[X] - x, neg[Y] - y, neg[Z] - zs2}~~ ~~else~~ ~~vec = {x - pos[X], y - pos[Y], zb1 - pos[Z]}~~ ~~-- vec = {x, y, zb1}~~ ~~end if~~ ~~atom s = dot(direction, normalize(vec))~~ ~~lum = and_bits(#FF,255(iff(s<0?0:power(s,k))+amb)/(1+amb))~~ ~~lum += lum#100+lum#10000~~ ~~cdCanvasPixel(cddbuffer, cx+x, cy-y, lum)~~ ~~end if~~ ~~end if~~ ~~end for~~ ~~end for~~ ~~end procedure~~ <span style="color: #008080;">function</span> <span style="color: #000000;">dot</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #004080;">sequence</span> <span style="color: #000000;">x</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #004080;">sequence</span> <span style="color: #000000;">y</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span> ~~function redraw_cb(Ihandle /ih/, integer /posx/, integer /posy/)~~ <span style="color: #008080;">return</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">sum</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #7060A8;">sq_mul</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">x</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #000000;">y</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">))</span> ~~integer {width, height} = IupGetIntInt(canvas, "DRAWSIZE")~~ <span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">function</span> ~~cdCanvasActivate(cddbuffer)~~ ~~cdCanvasClear(cddbuffer)~~ <span style="color: #008080;">function</span> <span style="color: #000000;">normalize</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #004080;">sequence</span> <span style="color: #000000;">v</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span> ~~deathStar(width, height, 1.5, 0.2, normalize({20, -40, -10}))~~ <span style="color: #004080;">atom</span> <span style="color: #000000;">len</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">sqrt</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">dot</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">v</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #000000;">v</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">))</span> ~~cdCanvasFlush(cddbuffer)~~ <span style="color: #008080;">if</span> <span style="color: #000000;">len</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span><span style="color: #000000;">0</span> <span style="color: #008080;">then</span> <span style="color: #008080;">return</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">{</span><span style="color: #000000;">0</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #000000;">0</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #000000;">0</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">}</span> <span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">if</span> ~~return IUP_DEFAULT~~ <span style="color: #008080;">return</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">sq_mul</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">v</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #000000;">1</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">/</span><span style="color: #000000;">len</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span> ~~end function~~ <span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">function</span> ~~function map_cb(Ihandle ih)~~ <span style="color: #008080;">enum</span> <span style="color: #000000;">X</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #000000;">Y</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #000000;">Z</span> ~~cdcanvas = cdCreateCanvas(CD_IUP, ih)~~ ~~cddbuffer = cdCreateCanvas(CD_DBUFFER, cdcanvas)~~ <span style="color: #008080;">function</span> <span style="color: #000000;">hit</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #004080;">sequence</span> <span style="color: #000000;">s</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #004080;">atom</span> <span style="color: #000000;">x</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #000000;">y</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #000000;">r</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span> ~~cdCanvasSetBackground(cddbuffer, CD_BLACK)~~ <span style="color: #000000;">x</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">-=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">s</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">[</span><span style="color: #000000;">X</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">]</span> ~~return IUP_DEFAULT~~ <span style="color: #000000;">y</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">-=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">s</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">[</span><span style="color: #000000;">Y</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">]</span> ~~end function~~ <span style="color: #004080;">atom</span> <span style="color: #000000;">zsq</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">:=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">r</span><span style="color: #0000FF;"></span><span style="color: #000000;">r</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">-</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">x</span><span style="color: #0000FF;"></span><span style="color: #000000;">x</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">+</span> <span style="color: #000000;">y</span><span style="color: #0000FF;"></span><span style="color: #000000;">y</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span> <span style="color: #008080;">if</span> <span style="color: #000000;">zsq</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">>=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">0</span> <span style="color: #008080;">then</span> ~~procedure main()~~ <span style="color: #004080;">atom</span> <span style="color: #000000;">zsqrt</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">:=</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">sqrt</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">zsq</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span> ~~IupOpen()~~ <span style="color: #008080;">return</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">{</span><span style="color: #000000;">s</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">[</span><span style="color: #000000;">Z</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">]</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">-</span> <span style="color: #000000;">zsqrt</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #000000;">s</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">[</span><span style="color: #000000;">Z</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">]</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">+</span> <span style="color: #000000;">zsqrt</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #004600;">true</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">}</span> <span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">if</span> ~~canvas = IupCanvas(NULL)~~ <span style="color: #008080;">return</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">{</span><span style="color: #000000;">0</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #000000;">0</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #004600;">false</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">}</span> ~~IupSetAttribute(canvas, "RASTERSIZE", "340x340") -- initial size~~ <span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">function</span> ~~IupSetCallback(canvas, "MAP_CB", Icallback("map_cb"))~~ <span style="color: #008080;">procedure</span> <span style="color: #000000;">deathStar</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #004080;">integer</span> <span style="color: #000000;">width</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #000000;">height</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #004080;">atom</span> <span style="color: #000000;">k</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #004080;">atom</span> <span style="color: #000000;">amb</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #004080;">sequence</span> <span style="color: #000000;">direction</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span> ~~dlg = IupDialog(canvas)~~ ~~IupSetAttribute(dlg, "TITLE", "Draw a sphere")~~ <span style="color: #004080;">atom</span> <span style="color: #000000;">t0</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">time</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">()+</span><span style="color: #000000;">1</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #000000;">t1</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">t0</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> ~~IupSetCallback(canvas, "ACTION", Icallback("redraw_cb"))~~ <span style="color: #000000;">lmul</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">255</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">/(</span><span style="color: #000000;">1</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">+</span><span style="color: #000000;">amb</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span> <span style="color: #004080;">integer</span> <span style="color: #000000;">r</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">floor</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">((</span><span style="color: #7060A8;">min</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">width</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #000000;">height</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)-</span><span style="color: #000000;">40</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)/</span><span style="color: #000000;">2</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">),</span> ~~IupMap(dlg)~~ <span style="color: #000000;">cx</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">floor</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">width</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">/</span><span style="color: #000000;">2</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">),</span> ~~IupSetAttribute(canvas, "RASTERSIZE", NULL) -- release the minimum limitation~~ <span style="color: #000000;">cy</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">floor</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">height</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">/</span><span style="color: #000000;">2</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span> ~~IupShowXY(dlg,IUP_CENTER,IUP_CENTER)~~ <span style="color: #004080;">sequence</span> <span style="color: #000000;">pos</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">{</span><span style="color: #000000;">0</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #000000;">0</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #000000;">0</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">},</span> ~~IupMainLoop()~~ <span style="color: #000000;">neg</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">{</span><span style="color: #000000;">r</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">-</span><span style="color: #000000;">3</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">/</span><span style="color: #000000;">4</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #000000;">r</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">-</span><span style="color: #000000;">3</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">/</span><span style="color: #000000;">4</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #000000;">r</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">-</span><span style="color: #000000;">1</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">/</span><span style="color: #000000;">4</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">}</span> ~~IupClose()~~ ~~end procedure~~ <span style="color: #008080;">for</span> <span style="color: #000000;">y</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">-</span><span style="color: #000000;">r</span> <span style="color: #008080;">to</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">+</span><span style="color: #000000;">r</span> <span style="color: #008080;">do</span> <span style="color: #008080;">if</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">time</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">()></span><span style="color: #000000;">t1</span> <span style="color: #008080;">then</span> ~~main()</lang>~~ <span style="color: #000080;font-style:italic;">-- Let the user know we aren't completely dead just yet</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">IupSetStrAttribute</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">dlg</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #008000;">"TITLE"</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #008000;">"%s - drawing (%d%%)"</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,{</span><span style="color: #000000;">title</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #000000;">100</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">y</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">+</span><span style="color: #000000;">r</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)/(</span><span style="color: #000000;">2</span><span style="color: #0000FF;"></span><span style="color: #000000;">r</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)})</span> <span style="color: #000000;">t1</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">time</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">()+</span><span style="color: #000000;">1</span> <span style="color: #000080;font-style:italic;">-- -- Hmm, not entirely sure why this is needed, but without it -- after ~7 seconds the window gets a "(Not Responding)" and -- then something decides to force a full repaint, which at -- fullscreen will never finish in < 7s on this ancient box. -- I suppose this is the corrollary to the above, this time -- letting Windows 10 know the process is not quite dead... -- Currently and possibly forever neither of these routines -- exist in pGUI.js, the browser is more forgiving anyway. --</span> <span style="color: #008080;">if</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">platform</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">()!=</span><span style="color: #004600;">JS</span> <span style="color: #008080;">then</span> <span style="color: #008080;">if</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">IupLoopStep</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">()=</span><span style="color: #004600;">IUP_CLOSE</span> <span style="color: #008080;">then</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">IupExitLoop</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">()</span> <span style="color: #008080;">exit</span> <span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">if</span> <span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">if</span> <span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">if</span> <span style="color: #008080;">for</span> <span style="color: #000000;">x</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">-</span><span style="color: #000000;">r</span> <span style="color: #008080;">to</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">+</span><span style="color: #000000;">r</span> <span style="color: #008080;">do</span> <span style="color: #004080;">atom</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">{</span><span style="color: #000000;">zb1</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #000000;">zb2</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #000000;">hit1</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">}</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">:=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">hit</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">pos</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #000000;">x</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #000000;">y</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #000000;">r</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span> <span style="color: #008080;">if</span> <span style="color: #000000;">hit1</span> <span style="color: #008080;">then</span> <span style="color: #004080;">atom</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">{</span><span style="color: #000000;">zs1</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #000000;">zs2</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #000000;">hit2</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">}</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">:=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">hit</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">neg</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #000000;">x</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #000000;">y</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #000000;">r</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">/</span><span style="color: #000000;">2</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span> <span style="color: #008080;">if</span> <span style="color: #008080;">not</span> <span style="color: #000000;">hit2</span> <span style="color: #008080;">or</span> <span style="color: #000000;">zs2</span><span style="color: #0000FF;"><=</span><span style="color: #000000;">zb2</span> <span style="color: #008080;">then</span> <span style="color: #004080;">bool</span> <span style="color: #000000;">dish</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">hit2</span> <span style="color: #008080;">and</span> <span style="color: #000000;">zs1</span><span style="color: #0000FF;"><=</span><span style="color: #000000;">zb1</span> <span style="color: #004080;">sequence</span> <span style="color: #000000;">vec</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #008080;">iff</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">dish</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">?</span><span style="color: #7060A8;">sq_sub</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">neg</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,{</span><span style="color: #000000;">x</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #000000;">y</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #000000;">zs2</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">}):{</span><span style="color: #000000;">x</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #000000;">y</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #000000;">zb1</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">})</span> <span style="color: #004080;">atom</span> <span style="color: #000000;">s</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">dot</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">direction</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #000000;">normalize</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">vec</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)),</span> <span style="color: #000000;">l</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #008080;">iff</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">s</span><span style="color: #0000FF;"><=</span><span style="color: #000000;">0</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">?</span><span style="color: #000000;">0</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">:</span><span style="color: #7060A8;">power</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">s</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #000000;">k</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">))</span> <span style="color: #004080;">integer</span> <span style="color: #000000;">lum</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">and_bits</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">#FF</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #000000;">lmul</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">l</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">+</span><span style="color: #000000;">amb</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">))</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">cdCanvasPixel</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">cddbuffer</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #000000;">cx</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">+</span><span style="color: #000000;">x</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #000000;">cy</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">-</span><span style="color: #000000;">y</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #000000;">lum</span><span style="color: #0000FF;"></span><span style="color: #000000;">#10101</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span> <span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">if</span> <span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">if</span> <span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">for</span> <span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">for</span> <span style="color: #008080;">if</span> <span style="color: #000000;">t1</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">!=</span><span style="color: #000000;">t0</span> <span style="color: #008080;">then</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">IupSetStrAttribute</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">dlg</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #008000;">"TITLE"</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #000000;">title</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span> <span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">if</span> <span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">procedure</span> <span style="color: #008080;">function</span> <span style="color: #000000;">redraw_cb</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #004080;">Ihandle</span> <span style="color: #000080;font-style:italic;">/ih/</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #004080;">integer</span> <span style="color: #000080;font-style:italic;">/posx/</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #000080;font-style:italic;">/posy/</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span> <span style="color: #004080;">integer</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">{</span><span style="color: #000000;">width</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #000000;">height</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">}</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">IupGetIntInt</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">canvas</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #008000;">"DRAWSIZE"</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">cdCanvasActivate</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">cddbuffer</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">cdCanvasClear</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">cddbuffer</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span> <span style="color: #000000;">deathStar</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">width</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #000000;">height</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #000000;">1.5</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #000000;">0.2</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #000000;">normalize</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">({</span><span style="color: #000000;">20</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">-</span><span style="color: #000000;">40</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">-</span><span style="color: #000000;">10</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">}))</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">cdCanvasFlush</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">cddbuffer</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span> <span style="color: #008080;">return</span> <span style="color: #004600;">IUP_DEFAULT</span> <span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">function</span> <span style="color: #008080;">function</span> <span style="color: #000000;">map_cb</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #004080;">Ihandle</span> <span style="color: #000000;">ih</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span> <span style="color: #000000;">cdcanvas</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">cdCreateCanvas</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #004600;">CD_IUP</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #000000;">ih</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span> <span style="color: #000000;">cddbuffer</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">cdCreateCanvas</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #004600;">CD_DBUFFER</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #000000;">cdcanvas</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">cdCanvasSetBackground</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">cddbuffer</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #004600;">CD_BLACK</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span> <span style="color: #008080;">return</span> <span style="color: #004600;">IUP_DEFAULT</span> <span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">function</span> <span style="color: #008080;">procedure</span> <span style="color: #000000;">main</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">()</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">IupOpen</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">()</span> <span style="color: #000000;">canvas</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">IupCanvas</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #008000;">"RASTERSIZE=340x340"</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">IupSetCallbacks</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">canvas</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">{</span><span style="color: #008000;">"MAP_CB"</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">Icallback</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #008000;">"map_cb"</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">),</span> <span style="color: #008000;">"ACTION"</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">Icallback</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #008000;">"redraw_cb"</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)})</span> <span style="color: #000000;">dlg</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">IupDialog</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">canvas</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #008000;">`TITLE="%s"`</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,{</span><span style="color: #000000;">title</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">})</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">IupMap</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">dlg</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">IupSetAttribute</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">canvas</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #008000;">"RASTERSIZE"</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #004600;">NULL</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span> <span style="color: #000080;font-style:italic;">-- release the minimum limitation</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">IupShow</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">dlg</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span> <span style="color: #008080;">if</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">platform</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">()!=</span><span style="color: #004600;">JS</span> <span style="color: #008080;">then</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">IupMainLoop</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">()</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">IupClose</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">()</span> <span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">if</span> <span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">procedure</span> <span style="color: #000000;">main</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">()</span> <!--</syntaxhighlight>--> =={{header\|POV-Ray}}== <~~lang~~syntaxhighlight ~~POV-Ray~~lang="pov">camera { perspective location <0.0 , .8 ,-3.0> look_at 0 aperture .1 blur_samples 20 variance 1/100000 focal_point 0} Line 1,552 ⟶ 2,084: finish { phong 1 reflection {0.10 metallic 0.5} } } } </~~lang~~syntaxhighlight> [[image:PovRay-deathstar.jpg]] =={{header\|Python}}== {{trans\|C}} <~~lang~~syntaxhighlight lang="python">import sys, math, collections Sphere = collections.namedtuple("Sphere", "cx cy cz r") Line 1,623 ⟶ 2,155: light = normalize(V3(-50, 30, 50)) draw_sphere(2, 0.5, light)</~~lang~~syntaxhighlight> =={{header\|Q}}== write an image in BMP format: <syntaxhighlight lang="q"> ~~<lang Q>~~ / https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMP_file_format / BITMAPINFOHEADER / RGB24 Line 1,670 ⟶ 2,202: / fn:`:demo.bmp; / writebmp[w;h;fcn;fn]; </syntaxhighlight> ~~</lang>~~ Create the death star image: <syntaxhighlight lang="q"> ~~<lang Q>~~ w:400; h:300; r:150; l:-0.5 0.7 0.5 sqrt0:{$[x>0;sqrt x;0]}; Line 1,714 ⟶ 2,246: writebmp[w;h;fcn;fn]; </~~lang~~syntaxhighlight>(converted to JPG ...) [[image:qdstar.jpg]] =={{header\|Racket}}== <~~lang~~syntaxhighlight lang="racket"> #lang racket (require plot) Line 1,729 ⟶ 2,261: #:y-min -1/2 #:y-max 1/2 #:z-min 0 #:z-max 1) </syntaxhighlight> ~~</lang>~~ [[File:death-star.png]] Line 1,737 ⟶ 2,269: {{works with\|Rakudo\|2018.10}} [[File:Deathstar-perl6.png\|thumb]] <syntaxhighlight lang="raku" ~~perl6~~line>class sphere { has $.cx; # center x coordinate has $.cy; # center y coordinate Line 1,823 ⟶ 2,355: $z = $sphere.cz - $z2 .. $sphere.cz + $z2; True; }</~~lang~~syntaxhighlight> =={{header\|REXX}}== Line 1,829 ⟶ 2,361: (Apologies for the comments making the lines so wide, but it was easier to read and compare to the original   '''D'''   source.) <~~lang~~syntaxhighlight lang="rexx">/REXX program displays a sphere with another sphere subtracted where it's superimposed./ call deathStar 2, .5, v3('-50 30 50') exit /stick a fork in it, we're all done. / Line 1,882 ⟶ 2,414: if @\='' then say strip(@, 'T') /strip trailing blanks from line. / end /i/ /* [↑] show all lines for sphere. / return</~~lang~~syntaxhighlight> {{out\|output\|text=  when using the internal default input:}} (Shown at   <big>'''<sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>'''</big>   size.) Line 1,929 ⟶ 2,461: =={{header\|Set lang}}== <~~lang~~syntaxhighlight lang="set_lang">set ! 32 set ! 32 set ! 46 Line 1,988 ⟶ 2,520: set ! 46 set ! 45 set ! 126</~~lang~~syntaxhighlight> Outputs: <pre> .-~""~-. Line 2,000 ⟶ 2,532: {{trans\|Perl}} Writes a PGM to stdout. <~~lang~~syntaxhighlight lang="ruby">func hitf(sph, x, y) { x -= sph[0] y -= sph[1] Line 2,061 ⟶ 2,593: } draw(2, 0.2)</~~lang~~syntaxhighlight> Output image: [https://github.com/trizen/rc/blob/master/img/death_star_sidef.png here]. Line 2,067 ⟶ 2,599: {{trans\|C}} Note that this code has a significant amount of refactoring relative to the C version, including the addition of specular reflections and the separation of the scene code from the raytracing from the rendering. <~~lang~~syntaxhighlight lang="tcl">package require Tcl 8.5 proc normalize vec { Line 2,181 ⟶ 2,713: } } textDeathStar 3 10 0.7 0.3</~~lang~~syntaxhighlight> Output: <pre> Line 2,228 ⟶ 2,760: {{libheader\|Tk}} [[File:Deathstar-tcl.gif\|200px\|thumb\|Rendering of the Death Star by the Tcl solution.]] <~~lang~~syntaxhighlight lang="tcl"># Render as a picture (with many hard-coded settings) package require Tk proc guiDeathStar {photo diff spec lightBrightness ambient} { Line 2,245 ⟶ 2,777: } pack [label .l -image [image create photo ds]] guiDeathStar ds 3 10 0.7 0.3</~~lang~~syntaxhighlight> =={{header\|VBScript}}== ASCII graphics. Should be invoked with cscript. Modified from LUA <syntaxhighlight lang="vb"> 'deathstar ascii graphics option explicit const x_=0 const y_=1 const z_=2 const r_=3 function clamp(x,b,t) if x<b then clamp=b elseif x>t then clamp =t else clamp=x end if end function function dot(v,w) dot=v(x_)w(x_)+v(y_)w(y_)+v(z_)w(z_): end function function normal (byval v) dim ilen:ilen=1/sqr(dot(v,v)): v(x_)=v(x_)ilen: v(y_)=v(y_)ilen: v(z_)=v(z_)ilen: normal=v: end function function hittest(s,x,y) dim z z = s(r_)^2 - (x-s(x_))^2 - (y-s(y_))^2 if z>=0 then z=sqr(z) hittest=array(s(z_)-z,s(z_)+z) else hittest=0 end if end function sub deathstar(pos, neg, sun, k, amb) dim x,y,shades,result,shade,hp,hn,xx,b shades=array(" ",".",":","!","","o","e","&","#","%","@") for y = pos(y_)-pos(r_)-0.5 to pos(y_)+pos(r_)+0.5 for x = pos(x_)-pos(r_)-0.5 to pos(x_)+pos(r_)+.5 hp=hittest (pos, x, y) hn=hittest(neg,x,y) if not isarray(hp) then result=0 elseif not isarray(hn) then result=1 elseif hn(0)>hp(0) then result=1 elseif hn(1)>hp(1) then result=0 elseif hn(1)>hp(0) then result=2 else result=1 end if shade=-1 select case result case 0 shade=0 case 1 xx=normal(array(x-pos(x_),y-pos(y_),hp(0)-pos(z_))) 'shade=clamp(1-dot(sun,xx)^k+amb,1,ubound(shades)) case 2 xx=normal(array(neg(x_)-x,neg(y_)-y,neg(z_)-hn(1))) 'shade=clamp(1-dot(sun,xx)^k+amb,1,ubound(shades)) end select if shade <>0 then b=dot(sun,xx)^k+amb shade=clamp((1-b) ubound(shades),1,ubound(shades)) end if wscript.stdout.write string(2,shades(shade)) next wscript.stdout.write vbcrlf next end sub deathstar array(20, 20, 0, 20),array(10,10,-15,10), normal(array(-2,1,3)), 2, 0.1 </syntaxhighlight> {{out}} <pre> ####&&&&&&&&&&&& %%######&&&&eeeeeeeeooooooooee&& %%%%####&&&&eeeeeeoooooo*********ooee %%%%####%%%%%%eeoooooo**!!!!!!!!!!!!oo %%%%ee&&&&####%%%%%%##oo**!!!!!!!!::::::::!!!!oo %%%%ooooeeee&&####%%%%%%##!!!!!!::::::::::::::::!!!!oo %%%%!!ooee&&&&##%%%%%%##!!!!::::::::............::::!! %%%%::::!!**ooee&&####%%%%%%&&!!::::....................::!!oo %%....::::!!ooooee&&##%%%%%%##::::........................::!! %%........::::!!ooee&&####%%%%##::::..........................::!! ##%%..........::!!ooee&&&&##%%%%##::..............................::oo %%%%..........::!!!!ooee&&##%%%%::::..............................::!! ##%%..............::!!ooee&&##%%%%::::................................::oo ##%%..............::!!ooee&&##%%%%::::................................:: %%%%............::::!!oo&&&&##%%!!::::................................::!! %%%%............::!!ooee&&##%%!!!!::::..................................!! ##%%%%%%........::::!!ooee&&##!!!!::::..................................:: ##%%%%%%!!::::::!!!!ooee&&##**!!!!::::..................................:: ##%%%%%%%%********ooee&&##oo!!!!!!::::................................:: ##%%%%%%%%%%##eeeeee&&eeeeeeoooo**!!!!::::..............................::!! ##%%%%%%%%%%######&&&&&&eeeeoooo**!!!!::::::............................::!! ##%%%%%%%%%%%%######&&&&eeeeoooo****!!!!::::::..........................::!!oo &&##%%%%%%%%%%######&&&&eeeeeeoooo!!!!!!::::::......................::::!!oo &&##%%%%%%%%%%######&&&&&&eeeeoooooo!!!!!!::::::..................::::!!ee ##%%%%%%%%%%%%######&&&&eeeeeeoooo****!!!!!!::::::::..........::::::!!!! ##%%%%%%%%%%%%######&&&&&&eeeeeeoooo****!!!!!!::::::::::::::::::::!!!!oo &&##%%%%%%%%%%%%######&&&&&&eeeeoooooo****!!!!!!!!::::::::::::!!!!!!ooee ee##%%%%%%%%%%%%########&&&&eeeeeeoooooo******!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!oo&& &&##%%%%%%%%%%%%######&&&&&&eeeeeeoooooo******!!!!!!!!!!!!**ooee ee##%%%%%%%%%%%%%%######&&&&&&eeeeeeoooooooo****************ooooee&& &&##%%%%%%%%%%%%########&&&&&&&&eeeeeeoooooooooo*****ooooooooee&& ####%%%%%%%%%%%%########&&&&&&&&eeeeeeeeooooooooooooooooooeeee&& ee##%%%%%%%%%%%%%%##########&&&&&&&&eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee&&## &&##%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%########&&&&&&&&&&eeeeeeeeeeeeee&&&&&&## &&##%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%##########&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&#### &&##%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%##############&&&&&&&&######%% ####%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%###################### &&##%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%######%%%%%% &&##%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% ##%%%%%%%%%%%%%% </pre> =={{header\|Wren}}== {{trans\|Go}} {{libheader\|DOME}} <~~lang~~syntaxhighlight ~~ecmascript~~lang="wren">import "dome" for Window import "graphics" for Canvas, Color, ImageData import "math" for Vector Line 2,353 ⟶ 3,014: } var Game = DeathStar.new(400, 400)</~~lang~~syntaxhighlight> =={{header\|Yabasic}}== <~~lang~~syntaxhighlight ~~Yabasic~~lang="yabasic">open window 100,100 window origin "cc" backcolor 0,0,0 Line 2,511 ⟶ 3,172: draw_sphere(2, .3) wend </syntaxhighlight> ~~</lang>~~ =={{header\|Zig}}== {{trans\|C}} Primitive ray tracing. Writes a PGM to stdout. <syntaxhighlight lang="zig"> const std = @import("std"); const Allocator = std.mem.Allocator; </syntaxhighlight> <syntaxhighlight lang="zig">pub fn main() !void { // buffer stdout -------------------------------------- const stdout_file = std.io.getStdOut().writer(); var bw = std.io.bufferedWriter(stdout_file); const stdout = bw.writer(); // allocator ------------------------------------------ var gpa = std.heap.GeneralPurposeAllocator(.{}){}; defer { const ok = gpa.deinit(); std.debug.assert(ok == .ok); } const allocator = gpa.allocator(); // deathstar ------------------------------------------ var dstar = try DeathStar(f32).init(allocator); defer dstar.deinit(); // print deathstar PGM to stdout ---------------------- const comments = [_][]const u8{ "Rosetta Code", "DeathStar", "https://rosettacode.org/wiki/Death_Star", }; try dstar.print(stdout, comments[0..]); // ---------------------------------------------------- try bw.flush(); }</syntaxhighlight> <syntaxhighlight lang="zig">fn Vector(comptime T: type) type { return struct { const Self = @This(); x: T, y: T, z: T, pub fn init(x: T, y: T, z: T) Self { return Self{ .x = x, .y = y, .z = z }; } pub fn zero() Self { return Self{ .x = 0.0, .y = 0.0, .z = 0.0 }; } fn dot(a: const Self, b: const Self) T { return a.x b.x + a.y * b.y + a.z * b.z; } fn length(self: const Self) T { return std.math.sqrt(self.dot(self)); } pub fn normalize(self: Self) void { const inv_length = 1 / self.length(); self..x = inv_length; self..y = inv_length; self..z = inv_length; } }; }</syntaxhighlight> <syntaxhighlight lang="zig"> fn SphereHit(comptime T: type) type { return struct { z1: T, z2: T }; }</syntaxhighlight> <syntaxhighlight lang="zig"> fn Sphere(comptime T: type) type { return struct { const Self = @This(); cx: T, cy: T, cz: T, r: T, pub fn init(cx: T, cy: T, cz: T, r: T) Self { return Self{ .cx = cx, .cy = cy, .cz = cz, .r = r }; } /// Check if a ray (x,y, -inf)->(x, y, inf) hits a sphere. /// If so, return the intersecting z values. z1 is closer to the eye. pub fn hit(self: const Self, xx: T, yy: T) ?SphereHit(T) { const x = xx - self.cx; const y = yy - self.cy; const zsq = self.r self.r - x * x - y * y; if (zsq >= 0) { const zsqrt = std.math.sqrt(zsq); return .{ .z1 = self.cz - zsqrt, .z2 = self.cz + zsqrt }; } return null; } }; }</syntaxhighlight> <syntaxhighlight lang="zig"> fn DeathStar(comptime T: type) type { return struct { const Self = @This(); allocator: Allocator, w: usize, h: usize, img: ImageData(), const Hit = enum { background, neg, pos }; pub fn init(allocator: Allocator) !Self { var dir = Vector(T).init(20, -40, 10); dir.normalize(); // positive sphere and negative sphere const pos = Sphere(T).init(180, 240, 220, 120); const neg = Sphere(T).init(60, 150, 100, 100); const k: T = 1.5; const amb: T = 0.2; const w: usize = @intFromFloat(pos.r * 4); const h: usize = @intFromFloat(pos.r * 3); var img = try ImageData().init(allocator, "deathStar", w, h); var vec = Vector(T).zero(); const start_y: usize = @intFromFloat(pos.cy - pos.r); const end_y: usize = @intFromFloat(pos.cy + pos.r); const start_x: usize = @intFromFloat(pos.cx - pos.r); const end_x: usize = @intFromFloat(pos.cx + pos.r); for (start_y..end_y + 1) \|j\| { for (start_x..end_x + 1) \|i\| { const x: T = @floatFromInt(i); const y: T = @floatFromInt(j); const result_pos = pos.hit(x, y); // ray lands in blank space, show bg if (result_pos == null) continue; const zb1 = result_pos.?.z1; const zb2 = result_pos.?.z2; const result_neg = neg.hit(x, y); switch (calcHit(result_neg, zb1, zb2)) { .background => continue, .neg => { vec.x = neg.cx - x; vec.y = neg.cy - y; vec.z = neg.cz - result_neg.?.z2; // zs2 }, .pos => { vec.x = x - pos.cx; vec.y = y - pos.cy; vec.z = zb1 - pos.cz; }, } vec.normalize(); var s = dir.dot(&vec); if (s < 0) s = 0; const lum = 255 * (std.math.pow(T, s, k) + amb) / (1 + amb); const lumi: u8 = @intFromFloat(std.math.clamp(lum, 0, 255)); img.pset(i, j, Gray{ .w = lumi }); } } return Self{ .allocator = allocator, .w = w, .h = h, .img = img }; } pub fn deinit(self: Self) void { self.img.deinit(); } pub fn print(self: Self, writer: anytype, optional_comments: ?[]const []const u8) !void { try self.img.print(writer, optional_comments); } /// Ray has hit the positive sphere. /// How does it intersect the negative sphere ? fn calcHit(neg_hit: ?SphereHit(T), zb1: T, zb2: T) Hit { if (neg_hit) \|result\| { const zs1 = result.z1; const zs2 = result.z2; if (zs1 > zb1) { // ray hits both, but pos front surface is closer return Hit.pos; } else if (zs2 > zb2) { // pos sphere surface is inside neg sphere, show bg return Hit.background; } else if (zs2 > zb1) { // back surface on neg sphere is inside pos sphere, // the only place where neg sphere surface will be shown return Hit.neg; } else { return Hit.pos; } } else { // ray hits pos sphere but not neg, draw pos sphere surface return Hit.pos; } } }; }</syntaxhighlight> <syntaxhighlight lang="zig"> const Gray = struct { w: u8, const black = Gray{ .w = 0 }; };</syntaxhighlight> <syntaxhighlight lang="zig"> fn ImageData() type { return struct { const Self = @This(); allocator: Allocator, name: []const u8, w: usize, h: usize, image: []Gray, pub fn init(allocator: Allocator, name: []const u8, w: usize, h: usize) !Self { const image = try allocator.alloc(Gray, h * w); // black background fill for (image) \|pixel\| pixel. = Gray.black; return Self{ .allocator = allocator, .image = image, .name = name, .w = w, .h = h }; } pub fn deinit(self: Self) void { self.allocator.free(self.image); } pub fn pset(self: Self, x: usize, y: usize, gray: Gray) void { self.image[x * self.w + y] = gray; } /// Write PGM P2 ASCII to 'writer' pub fn print(self: *const Self, writer: anytype, optional_comments: ?[]const []const u8) !void { try writer.print("P2\n", .{}); if (optional_comments) \|lines\| { for (lines) \|line\| try writer.print("# {s}\n", .{line}); } try writer.print("{d} {d}\n{d}\n", .{ self.w, self.h, 255 }); for (self.image, 0..) \|pixel, i\| { const sep = if (i % self.w == self.w - 1) "\n" else " "; try writer.print("{d}{s}", .{ pixel.w, sep }); } } }; }</syntaxhighlight>