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{{draft task|[[Category:Games}}]]
{{draft task|Games}}{{clarified-review}}
 
There are many techniques that people use to shuffle [[Playing cards|cards]] for card games. Some are more effective than others.
 
The task here is to implement the (seemingly) more common techniques of the riffle shuffle and overhand shuffle for ''n'' iterations. Implementing playing cards is not necessary if it would be easier to implement these shuffling methods for generic collections. Where possible, compare this to a standard/built-in shuffling procedure.
 
;Task
'''Bonus:''' Implement other methods described [[wp:Shuffling#Shuffling_techniques|here]]. Allow for "human errors" of imperfect cutting and interleaving.
Implement the (seemingly) more common techniques of the riffle shuffle and overhand shuffle for   ''n''   iterations.
 
 
Implementing playing cards is not necessary if it would be easier to implement these shuffling methods for generic collections.
 
Where possible, compare this to a standard/built-in shuffling procedure.
 
One iteration of the riffle shuffle is defined as:
# Split the deck into two piles
# Merge the two piles by taking one card from the top of either pile in proportion to the number of cards remaining in the pile. To start with the probability for both piles will be 26/52 (50-50), then 25/51-26/51 etc etc as the riffle progresses.
# The merged deck is now the new "shuffled" deck
 
 
One iteration of the overhand shuffle is defined as:
# Take a group of consecutive cards from the top of the deck. For our purposes up to 20% of the deck seems like a good amount.
# Place that group on top of a second pile
# Repeat these steps until there are no cards remaining in the original deck
# The second pile is now the new "shuffled" deck
 
 
;Bonus
Implement other methods described in the Wikipedia
article:   [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shuffling#Shuffling_techniques card shuffling].
 
Allow for "human errors" of imperfect cutting and interleaving.
 
Related tasks:
* [[Playing cards]]
* [[Deal cards_for_FreeCell]]
* [[War Card_Game]]
* [[Poker hand_analyser]]
* [[Go Fish]]
=={{header|APL}}==
 
If we generate a deck by
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="apl">
deck ← ⊂[1](52⍴'A23456789TJQK'),[0.5](13⍴'S'),(13⍴'H'),(13⍴'D'),(13⍴'C')
</syntaxhighlight>
 
Then a generated deck looks like
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="apl">
AS 2S 3S 4S 5S 6S 7S 8S 9S TS JS QS KS AH 2H 3H 4H 5H 6H 7H 8H 9H TH JH QH KH AD 2D 3D 4D 5D 6D 7D 8D 9D TD JD QD KD AC 2C 3C 4C 5C 6C 7C 8C 9C TC JC QC KC
</syntaxhighlight>
 
Sorting a deck merely requires generating 52 unique random nunmbers from 1 to 52.
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="text">
deck[52?52]
JD 8C TH 8D KH QH 6S AH 4D JS 5S AD 6H 3H 3D 5C 9C 7C 7S 4C JC 3S KD 9H 3C 4H 2D TD KS TS 7D JH 9D 8H 6D 7H 2H 4S QC AC KC 9S AS QS TC 2C 8S 5D 2S 6C 5H QD
</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|C}}==
{{trans|Modula-2}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="c">#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <time.h>
 
void init() {
srand((unsigned int)time(NULL));
}
 
int random(int low, int high) {
int diff, val;
 
diff = high - low;
if (diff == 0) {
return low;
}
 
val = rand() % diff;
return val + low;
}
 
void initDeck(int *deck, const int size) {
int i;
for (i = 0; i < size; ++i) {
*deck++ = i + 1;
}
}
 
void writeDeck(const int *deck, const int size) {
int i;
 
printf("[");
if (size > 0) {
printf("%d", *deck++);
}
for (i = 1; i < size; ++i) {
printf(", %d", *deck++);
}
printf("]");
}
 
void riffleShuffle(int * const deck, const int size, int flips) {
int n, cutPoint, nlp, lp, rp, bound;
int *nl;
 
nl = (int *)malloc(size * sizeof(int));
 
for (n = 0; n < flips; ++n) {
cutPoint = size / 2;
if (random(0, 2) > 0) {
cutPoint = cutPoint + random(0, size / 10);
} else {
cutPoint = cutPoint - random(0, size / 10);
}
 
nlp = 0;
lp = 0;
rp = cutPoint;
 
while (lp < cutPoint && rp < size) {
/* Allow for an imperfect riffling so that more than one card
can come from the same side in a row biased towards the side
with more cards. Remove the IF statement for perfect riffling.
*/
bound = (cutPoint - lp) * 50 / (size - rp);
if (random(0, 50) >= bound) {
nl[nlp++] = deck[rp++];
} else {
nl[nlp++] = deck[lp++];
}
}
while (lp < cutPoint) {
nl[nlp++] = deck[lp++];
}
while (rp < size) {
nl[nlp++] = deck[rp++];
}
 
memcpy(deck, nl, size * sizeof(int));
}
 
free(nl);
}
 
void overhandShuffle(int * const mainHand, const int size, int passes) {
int n, cutSize, mp, op, tp, i;
int *otherHand, *temp;
 
otherHand = (int *)malloc(size * sizeof(int));
temp = (int *)malloc(size * sizeof(int));
 
for (n = 0; n < passes; ++n) {
mp = 0;
op = 0;
tp = 0;
 
while (mp < size) {
cutSize = random(0, size / 5) + 1;
 
/* grab the next cut up to the end of the cards left in the main hand */
for (i = 0; i < cutSize && mp < size; ++i) {
temp[tp++] = mainHand[mp++];
}
 
/* add them to the cards in the other hand,
sometimes to the front sometimes to the back */
if (random(0, 10) >= 1) {
/* front most of the time */
 
/* move the elements of other hand forward to make room for temp */
for (i = op - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
otherHand[i + tp] = otherHand[i];
}
 
/* copy temp to the front of other hand */
memcpy(otherHand, temp, tp * sizeof(int));
op += tp;
tp = 0;
} else {
/* end sometimes */
for (i = 0; i < tp; ++i, ++op) {
otherHand[op] = temp[i];
}
tp = 0;
}
}
 
/* move the cards back to the main hand */
memcpy(mainHand, otherHand, size * sizeof(int));
}
 
free(otherHand);
free(temp);
}
 
#define SIZE 20
int main() {
int deck[SIZE];
 
init();
 
printf("Riffle shuffle\n");
initDeck(deck, SIZE);
writeDeck(deck, SIZE);
printf("\n");
riffleShuffle(deck, SIZE, 10);
writeDeck(deck, SIZE);
printf("\n\n");
 
printf("Riffle shuffle\n");
initDeck(deck, SIZE);
writeDeck(deck, SIZE);
printf("\n");
riffleShuffle(deck, SIZE, 1);
writeDeck(deck, SIZE);
printf("\n\n");
 
printf("Overhand shuffle\n");
initDeck(deck, SIZE);
writeDeck(deck, SIZE);
printf("\n");
overhandShuffle(deck, SIZE, 10);
writeDeck(deck, SIZE);
printf("\n\n");
 
printf("Overhand shuffle\n");
initDeck(deck, SIZE);
writeDeck(deck, SIZE);
printf("\n");
overhandShuffle(deck, SIZE, 1);
writeDeck(deck, SIZE);
printf("\n\n");
 
return 0;
}</syntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
<pre>Riffle shuffle
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20]
[1, 15, 6, 2, 11, 18, 9, 5, 3, 4, 7, 16, 13, 8, 10, 14, 19, 12, 17, 20]
 
Riffle shuffle
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20]
[1, 2, 11, 3, 4, 5, 12, 13, 6, 7, 14, 8, 15, 16, 9, 17, 10, 18, 19, 20]
 
Overhand shuffle
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20]
[2, 19, 4, 10, 11, 8, 12, 7, 6, 3, 16, 14, 18, 1, 5, 13, 9, 15, 17, 20]
 
Overhand shuffle
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20]
[20, 17, 18, 19, 14, 15, 16, 10, 11, 12, 13, 9, 8, 7, 5, 6, 1, 2, 3, 4]</pre>
 
=={{header|C sharp|C#}}==
{{trans|Java}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="csharp">using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
 
namespace CardShuffles {
public static class Helper {
public static string AsString<T>(this ICollection<T> c) {
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder("[");
sb.Append(string.Join(", ", c));
return sb.Append("]").ToString();
}
}
 
class Program {
private static Random rand = new Random();
 
public static List<T> riffleShuffle<T>(ICollection<T> list, int flips) {
List<T> newList = new List<T>(list);
 
for (int n = 0; n < flips; n++) {
//cut the deck at the middle +/- 10%, remove the second line of the formula for perfect cutting
int cutPoint = newList.Count / 2
+ (rand.Next(0, 2) == 0 ? -1 : 1) * rand.Next((int)(newList.Count * 0.1));
 
//split the deck
List<T> left = new List<T>(newList.Take(cutPoint));
List<T> right = new List<T>(newList.Skip(cutPoint));
 
newList.Clear();
 
while (left.Count > 0 && right.Count > 0) {
//allow for imperfect riffling so that more than one card can come form the same side in a row
//biased towards the side with more cards
//remove the if and else and brackets for perfect riffling
if (rand.NextDouble() >= ((double)left.Count / right.Count) / 2) {
newList.Add(right.First());
right.RemoveAt(0);
}
else {
newList.Add(left.First());
left.RemoveAt(0);
}
}
 
//if either hand is out of cards then flip all of the other hand to the shuffled deck
if (left.Count > 0) newList.AddRange(left);
if (right.Count > 0) newList.AddRange(right);
}
 
return newList;
}
 
public static List<T> overhandShuffle<T>(List<T> list, int passes) {
List<T> mainHand = new List<T>(list);
 
for (int n = 0; n < passes; n++) {
List<T> otherHand = new List<T>();
 
while (mainHand.Count>0) {
//cut at up to 20% of the way through the deck
int cutSize = rand.Next((int)(list.Count * 0.2)) + 1;
 
List<T> temp = new List<T>();
 
//grab the next cut up to the end of the cards left in the main hand
for (int i = 0; i < cutSize && mainHand.Count > 0; i++) {
temp.Add(mainHand.First());
mainHand.RemoveAt(0);
}
 
//add them to the cards in the other hand, sometimes to the front sometimes to the back
if (rand.NextDouble()>=0.1) {
//front most of the time
temp.AddRange(otherHand);
otherHand = temp;
}
else {
//end sometimes
otherHand.AddRange(temp);
}
}
 
//move the cards back to the main hand
mainHand = otherHand;
}
 
return mainHand;
}
 
static void Main(string[] args) {
List<int> list = new List<int>() { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20 };
Console.WriteLine(list.AsString());
list = riffleShuffle(list, 10);
Console.WriteLine(list.AsString());
Console.WriteLine();
 
list = new List<int>() { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20 };
Console.WriteLine(list.AsString());
list = riffleShuffle(list, 1);
Console.WriteLine(list.AsString());
Console.WriteLine();
 
list = new List<int>() { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20 };
Console.WriteLine(list.AsString());
list = overhandShuffle(list, 10);
Console.WriteLine(list.AsString());
Console.WriteLine();
 
list = new List<int>() { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20 };
Console.WriteLine(list.AsString());
list = overhandShuffle(list, 1);
Console.WriteLine(list.AsString());
Console.WriteLine();
}
}
}</syntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
<pre>[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20]
[9, 2, 8, 3, 20, 15, 1, 13, 7, 18, 5, 16, 4, 19, 10, 6, 12, 14, 11, 17]
 
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20]
[12, 1, 2, 3, 4, 13, 14, 5, 15, 16, 6, 7, 17, 8, 18, 19, 9, 10, 20, 11]
 
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20]
[13, 18, 12, 17, 10, 9, 19, 11, 16, 15, 6, 8, 14, 1, 3, 2, 5, 4, 7, 20]
 
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20]
[20, 17, 18, 19, 15, 16, 11, 12, 13, 14, 10, 7, 8, 9, 5, 6, 2, 3, 4, 1]</pre>
=={{header|C++}}==
<langsyntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
#include <time.h>
#include <algorithm>
Line 139 ⟶ 516:
return 0;
}
</syntaxhighlight>
</lang>
{{out}}
<pre>
Line 151 ⟶ 528:
14 4 17 3 12 5 19 6 20 2 16 11 8 15 7 13 10 18 9 1
</pre>
=={{header|D}}==
{{trans|Java}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="d">import std.container.array;
import std.random;
import std.range;
import std.stdio;
 
auto riffleShuffle(T)(T[] list, int flips) {
auto newList = Array!T(list);
 
for (int n=0; n<flips; n++) {
//cut the deck at the middle +/- 10%, remove the second line of the formula for perfect cutting
int cutPoint = newList.length / 2
+ choice([-1, 1]) * uniform!"[]"(0, newList.length / 10);
 
//split the deck
auto left = newList[0..cutPoint];
auto right = newList[cutPoint..$];
 
newList.clear();
 
while (left.length > 0 && right.length > 0) {
//allow for imperfect riffling so that more than one card can come form the same side in a row
//biased towards the side with more cards
//remove the if and else and brackets for perfect riffling
if (uniform01() >= (cast(real) left.length / right.length) / 2) {
newList.insertAfter(newList[], right.front);
right.popFront();
} else {
newList.insertAfter(newList[], left.front);
left.popFront();
}
}
 
//if either hand is out of cards then flip all of the other hand to the shuffled deck
if (!left.empty) newList ~= left;
if (!right.empty) newList ~= right;
}
return newList.array;
}
 
auto overhandShuffle(T)(T[] list, int passes) {
auto mainHand = Array!T(list);
 
for (int n=0; n<passes; n++) {
Array!T otherHand;
 
while (mainHand.length > 0) {
//cut at up to 20% of the way through the deck
int cutSize = uniform!"[]"(0, list.length / 5) + 1;
 
Array!T temp;
 
//grab the next cut up to the end of the cards left in the main hand
for (int i=0; i<cutSize && mainHand.length>0; i++) {
temp ~= mainHand[0];
mainHand.linearRemove(mainHand[0..1]);
}
 
//add them to the cards in the other hand, sometimes to the front sometimes to the back
if (uniform01() >= 0.1) {
//front most of the time
otherHand = temp ~ otherHand;
} else {
//end sometimes
otherHand ~= temp;
}
}
 
//move the cards back to the main hand
mainHand = otherHand;
}
return mainHand.array;
}
 
void main() {
auto list = iota(1,21).array;
writeln(list);
list = riffleShuffle(list, 10);
writeln(list);
writeln();
 
list = iota(1,21).array;
writeln(list);
list = riffleShuffle(list, 1);
writeln(list);
writeln();
 
list = iota(1,21).array;
writeln(list);
list = overhandShuffle(list, 10);
writeln(list);
writeln();
 
list = iota(1,21).array;
writeln(list);
list = overhandShuffle(list, 1);
writeln(list);
writeln();
 
list = iota(1,21).array;
writeln(list);
list.randomShuffle();
writeln(list);
}</syntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
<pre>[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20]
[7, 2, 4, 13, 19, 12, 9, 20, 6, 5, 17, 18, 1, 16, 3, 10, 14, 11, 8, 15]
 
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20]
[11, 12, 1, 2, 3, 4, 13, 5, 14, 15, 16, 6, 7, 17, 18, 8, 9, 19, 10, 20]
 
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20]
[20, 4, 1, 19, 13, 8, 17, 10, 15, 12, 6, 7, 2, 11, 9, 16, 18, 3, 5, 14]
 
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20]
[18, 19, 20, 16, 17, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 7, 8, 9, 10, 4, 5, 6, 1, 2, 3]
 
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20]
[10, 17, 19, 13, 5, 12, 1, 2, 14, 4, 9, 16, 7, 3, 15, 20, 8, 11, 6, 18]</pre>
=={{header|Go}}==
{{trans|Kotlin}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="go">package main
 
import (
"fmt"
"math/rand"
"time"
)
 
func reverse(s []int) {
for i, j := 0, len(s)-1; i < j; i, j = i+1, j-1 {
s[i], s[j] = s[j], s[i]
}
}
 
func riffle(deck []int, iterations int) []int {
le := len(deck)
pile := make([]int, le)
copy(pile, deck)
for i := 0; i < iterations; i++ {
mid := le / 2
tenpc := mid / 10
// choose a random number within 10% of midpoint
cut := mid - tenpc + rand.Intn(2*tenpc+1)
// split deck into two at cut point
deck1 := make([]int, cut)
deck2 := make([]int, le-cut)
copy(deck1, pile[:cut])
copy(deck2, pile[cut:])
pile = pile[:0]
fromTop := rand.Intn(2) // choose to draw from top (1) or bottom (0)
for len(deck1) > 0 && len(deck2) > 0 {
if fromTop == 1 {
el1 := deck1[0]
deck1 = deck1[1:]
el2 := deck2[0]
deck2 = deck2[1:]
pile = append(pile, el1, el2)
} else {
el1 := deck1[len(deck1)-1]
deck1 = deck1[:len(deck1)-1]
el2 := deck2[len(deck2)-1]
deck2 = deck2[:len(deck2)-1]
pile = append(pile, el1, el2)
}
}
// add any remaining cards to the pile and reverse it
if len(deck1) > 0 {
pile = append(pile, deck1...)
} else if len(deck2) > 0 {
pile = append(pile, deck2...)
}
reverse(pile) // as pile is upside down
}
return pile
}
 
func overhand(deck []int, iterations int) []int {
le := len(deck)
pile := make([]int, le)
copy(pile, deck)
pile2 := make([]int, 0)
twentypc := le / 5
for i := 0; i < iterations; i++ {
for len(pile) > 0 {
cards := 1 + rand.Intn(twentypc)
if cards > len(pile) {
cards = len(pile)
}
temp := make([]int, cards)
copy(temp, pile[:cards])
pile2 = append(temp, pile2...)
pile = pile[cards:]
}
pile = append(pile, pile2...)
pile2 = pile2[:0]
}
return pile
}
 
func main() {
rand.Seed(time.Now().UnixNano())
fmt.Println("Starting deck:")
deck := make([]int, 20)
for i := 0; i < 20; i++ {
deck[i] = i + 1
}
fmt.Println(deck)
const iterations = 10
fmt.Println("\nRiffle shuffle with", iterations, "iterations:")
fmt.Println(riffle(deck, iterations))
fmt.Println("\nOverhand shuffle with", iterations, "iterations:")
fmt.Println(overhand(deck, iterations))
fmt.Println("\nStandard library shuffle with 1 iteration:")
rand.Shuffle(len(deck), func(i, j int) {
deck[i], deck[j] = deck[j], deck[i] // shuffles deck in place
})
fmt.Println(deck)
}</syntaxhighlight>
 
{{out}}
Sample output:
<pre>
Starting deck:
[1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20]
 
Riffle shuffle with 10 iterations:
[19 12 4 7 15 3 13 11 2 8 18 9 10 16 17 14 20 6 1 5]
 
Overhand shuffle with 10 iterations:
[5 7 9 4 13 3 15 11 2 8 18 12 1 17 16 6 14 19 10 20]
 
Standard library shuffle with 1 iteration:
[15 16 10 4 7 2 6 18 14 13 17 1 12 3 11 8 19 20 5 9]
</pre>
=={{header|Groovy}}==
{{trans|Java}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="groovy">class CardShuffles {
private static final Random rand = new Random()
 
static <T> LinkedList<T> riffleShuffle(List<T> list, int flips) {
LinkedList<T> newList = new LinkedList<T>()
 
newList.addAll(list)
 
for (int n = 0; n < flips; n++) {
//cut the deck at the middle +/- 10%, remove the second line of the formula for perfect cutting
int cutPoint = newList.size().intdiv(2) + (rand.nextBoolean() ? -1 : 1) * rand.nextInt((int) (newList.size() * 0.1))
 
//split the deck
List<T> left = new LinkedList<T>()
left.addAll(newList.subList(0, cutPoint))
List<T> right = new LinkedList<T>()
right.addAll(newList.subList(cutPoint, newList.size()))
 
newList.clear()
 
while (left.size() > 0 && right.size() > 0) {
//allow for imperfect riffling so that more than one card can come form the same side in a row
//biased towards the side with more cards
//remove the if and else and brackets for perfect riffling
if (rand.nextDouble() >= ((double) left.size() / right.size()) / 2) {
newList.add(right.remove(0))
} else {
newList.add(left.remove(0))
}
}
 
//if either hand is out of cards then flip all of the other hand to the shuffled deck
if (left.size() > 0) newList.addAll(left)
if (right.size() > 0) newList.addAll(right)
}
return newList
}
 
static <T> LinkedList<T> overhandShuffle(List<T> list, int passes) {
LinkedList<T> mainHand = new LinkedList<T>()
 
mainHand.addAll(list)
for (int n = 0; n < passes; n++) {
LinkedList<T> otherHand = new LinkedList<T>()
 
while (mainHand.size() > 0) {
//cut at up to 20% of the way through the deck
int cutSize = rand.nextInt((int) (list.size() * 0.2)) + 1
 
LinkedList<T> temp = new LinkedList<T>()
 
//grab the next cut up to the end of the cards left in the main hand
for (int i = 0; i < cutSize && mainHand.size() > 0; i++) {
temp.add(mainHand.remove())
}
 
//add them to the cards in the other hand, sometimes to the front sometimes to the back
if (rand.nextDouble() >= 0.1) {
//front most of the time
otherHand.addAll(0, temp)
} else {
//end sometimes
otherHand.addAll(temp)
}
}
 
//move the cards back to the main hand
mainHand = otherHand
}
return mainHand
}
 
static void main(String[] args) {
List<Integer> list = Arrays.asList(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20)
println(list)
list = riffleShuffle(list, 10)
println(list)
println()
 
list = Arrays.asList(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20)
println(list)
list = riffleShuffle(list, 1)
println(list)
println()
 
list = Arrays.asList(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20)
println(list)
list = overhandShuffle(list, 10)
println(list)
println()
 
list = Arrays.asList(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20)
println(list)
list = overhandShuffle(list, 1)
println(list)
println()
 
list = Arrays.asList(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20)
println(list)
Collections.shuffle(list)
println(list)
}
}</syntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
<pre>[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20]
[3, 2, 9, 4, 7, 13, 18, 10, 12, 16, 20, 11, 19, 8, 14, 5, 17, 15, 6, 1]
 
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20]
[12, 13, 1, 14, 2, 15, 16, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 17, 8, 18, 9, 10, 19, 11, 20]
 
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20]
[3, 8, 14, 10, 9, 6, 12, 15, 2, 16, 19, 17, 20, 18, 13, 11, 1, 5, 7, 4]
 
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20]
[18, 19, 20, 15, 16, 17, 13, 14, 11, 12, 9, 10, 3, 4, 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 8]
 
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20]
[18, 17, 20, 5, 8, 11, 2, 4, 3, 7, 19, 10, 15, 14, 12, 13, 16, 9, 1, 6]</pre>
=={{header|J}}==
{{eff note|J|({~ ?~@#)}}
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="j">NB. overhand cut
<lang J>NB. cut rotates the deck to an arbitrary position
overhand=: ;@|.@(<;.1~\: 1[: , 1 }.+/\ %@%:@# > # ?@# 0:)@]^:[
 
NB. Gilbert–Shannon–Reeds model
riffle=: (({.~+/)`(I.@])`(-.@]#inv (}.~+/))} ?@(#&2)@#)@]^:[</langsyntaxhighlight>
 
Overhand shuffle is implemented not as was described in wikipedia but as described on the talk page "the cuts are taken from the top of the deck and placed on top of the new deck". The probability of a cut occurring between each pair of cards in this overhand shuffle is proportional to the reciprocal of the square root of the number of cards in the deck.
 
In other words, overhand cut breaks the deck into some number of pieces and reverses the order of those pieces.
 
Here are some examples of the underlying selection mechanism in action for a deck of 10 cards:
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="j"> ([: +/\ %@%:@# > # ?@# 0:) i.10
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1
([: +/\ %@%:@# > # ?@# 0:) i.10
1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3
([: +/\ %@%:@# > # ?@# 0:) i.10
0 1 1 2 3 3 3 3 4 5
([: +/\ %@%:@# > # ?@# 0:) i.10
0 1 1 1 1 2 2 3 3 3</syntaxhighlight>
 
The final step of a cut is to sort the deck in descending order based on the numbers we compute this way.
 
The left argument says how many of these cuts to perform.
 
Task examples:
 
<langsyntaxhighlight Jlang="j"> 1 riffle i.20
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 13 14 9 15 16 17 10 18 11 12 19
10 riffle i.20
6 10 13 8 2 14 15 9 19 3 18 16 11 1 12 17 5 4 0 7
1 overhand i.20
17 18 19 13 14 15 16 11 12 13 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 0 1 2 3
10 overhand i.20
6 0 18 7 9 15 1911 172 104 5 12 16 110 1117 1219 9 8 6 13 143 418 27 31 0 14</langsyntaxhighlight>
 
=={{header|Java}}==
{{works with|Java|1.5+}}
<langsyntaxhighlight lang="java5">import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.LinkedList;
Line 282 ⟶ 1,030:
System.out.println(list + "\n");
}
}</langsyntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
<pre>[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20]
Line 298 ⟶ 1,046:
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20]
[18, 12, 13, 14, 2, 3, 15, 5, 9, 19, 7, 11, 1, 6, 4, 20, 16, 17, 10, 8]</pre>
=={{header|jq}}==
'''Adapted from [[#Wren|Wren]]'''
{{works with|jq}}
'''Works with gojq, the Go implementation of jq'''
 
jq currently does not have a built-in PRNG, so this entry will use an external
source of entropy, and specifically /dev/urandom. So a suitable invocation
of jq or gojq would look like this:
<pre>
< /dev/urandom tr -cd '0-9' | fold -w 1 | jq -MRnrc -f card-shuffles.jq
</pre>
<syntaxhighlight lang="jq">
### Preliminaries
# Output: a prn in range(0;$n) where $n is `.`
def prn:
if . == 1 then 0
else . as $n
| ([1, (($n-1)|tostring|length)]|max) as $w
| [limit($w; inputs)] | join("") | tonumber
| if . < $n then . else ($n | prn) end
end;
 
def knuthShuffle:
length as $n
| if $n <= 1 then .
else {i: $n, a: .}
| until(.i == 0;
.i += -1
| (.i + 1 | prn) as $j
| .a[.i] as $t
| .a[.i] = .a[$j]
| .a[$j] = $t)
| .a
end;
 
### Riffle
# input: deck
def riffle(iterations):
((length / 2)|floor) as $mid
| {pile: .}
| reduce range(0; iterations) as $i (.;
(($mid / 10)|floor) as $tenpc
# choose a random number within 10% of midpoint
| ($mid - $tenpc + ((2 * $tenpc + 1)|prn)) as $cut
# split deck into two at cut point
| .deck1 = .pile[0:$cut]
| .deck2 = .pile[$cut:]
| .pile = []
# choose to draw from top or bottom
| ((2|prn) == 1) as $fromTop
| until( (.deck1|length) == 0 or (.deck2|length) == 0;
if $fromTop
then .deck1[0] as $card
| .deck1 |= .[1:]
| .pile += [$card]
| .deck2[0] as $card
| .deck2 |= .[1:]
| .pile += [$card]
else .deck1[-1] as $card
| .deck1 |= .[:-1]
| .pile += [$card]
| .deck2[-1] as $card
| .deck2 |= .[:-1]
| .pile += [$card]
end )
# add any remaining cards to the pile and reverse it
| if (.deck1|length > 0)
then .pile += .deck1
elif (.deck2|length > 0)
then .pile += .deck2
else .
end
| .pile |= reverse # as pile is upside down
)
| .pile;
 
### Overhand
# input: deck
def overhand(iterations):
((length / 5)|floor) as $twentypc
| { pile: .,
pile2: [] }
| reduce range(0; iterations) as $i (.;
until (.pile|length == 0;
([(.pile|length), (1 + ($twentypc|prn))] | min) as $cards
| .pile2 = .pile[0:$cards] + .pile2
| .pile |= .[$cards:]
| .pile += .pile2
| .pile2 = [] )
| .pile ;
 
### Example
def deck: [range(1;21)];
 
def iterations: 10;
 
deck
| "Starting deck:",
"Riffle shuffle with \(iterations) iterations:",
riffle(iterations),
"\nOverhand shuffle with \(iterations) iterations:",
overhand(iterations),
"\nStandard library shuffle with 1 iteration:",
knuthShuffle
</syntaxhighlight>
{{output}}
<pre>
Starting deck:
Riffle shuffle with 10 iterations:
[1,18,17,13,12,16,15,11,19,14,10,8,4,6,7,3,2,20,5,9]
 
Overhand shuffle with 10 iterations:
[2,6,1,10,14,3,4,5,8,7,9,19,11,12,17,16,18,20,13,15]
 
Standard library shuffle with 1 iteration:
[6,9,15,17,19,11,10,7,2,14,18,13,16,8,12,3,5,20,1,4]
</pre>
 
=={{header|Julia}}==
{{works with|Julia|0.6}}
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="julia">function riffleshuffle!(list::Vector, flips::Integer)
len = length(list)
# pre-allocate the left and right part for efficiency
llist = similar(list, len÷2 + fld(len, 10))
rlist = similar(list, len÷2 + fld(len, 10))
for _ in Base.OneTo(flips)
# cut the deck at the middle +/- 10%,
# remove the second line of the formula for perfect cutting
cut = len ÷ 2 + rand(-1:2:1) * rand(0:fld(len, 10))
 
# split the deck and copy it to left and right
copy!(llist, 1, list, 1, cut)
copy!(rlist, 1, list, cut + 1, len - cut)
 
ind, indl, indr = len, cut, len - cut
while indl ≥ 1 && indr ≥ 1
if rand() < indl / 2indr
list[ind] = llist[indl]
indl -= 1
else
list[ind] = rlist[indr]
indr -= 1
end
ind -= 1
end
 
copy!(list, 1, rlist, 1, indr)
copy!(list, 1, llist, 1, indl)
end
return list
end
 
function overhandshuffle!(list::Vector, passes::Integer)
len = length(list)
otherhand = similar(list)
for _ in Base.OneTo(passes)
ind = 1
while ind ≤ endof(list)
chklen = min(rand(1:cld(len, 5)), len - ind + 1)
copy!(otherhand, ind, list, len - ind - chklen + 2, chklen)
ind += chklen
end
list .= otherhand
end
return list
end
 
v = collect(1:20)
println("# Riffle shuffle (1):\n", v)
println(" -> ", riffleshuffle!(v, 1), "\n")
 
v = collect(1:20)
println("# Riffle shuffle (10):\n", v)
println(" -> ", riffleshuffle!(v, 10), "\n")
 
v = collect(1:20)
println("# Overhand shuffle (1):\n", v)
println(" -> ", overhandshuffle!(v, 1), "\n")
 
v = collect(1:20)
println("# Overhand shuffle (10):\n", v)
println(" -> ", overhandshuffle!(v, 10), "\n")
 
v = collect(1:20)
println("# Default shuffle:\n", v)
println(" -> ", shuffle!(v), "\n")</syntaxhighlight>
 
{{out}}
<pre># Riffle shuffle (1):
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20]
-> [11, 1, 12, 2, 3, 13, 14, 4, 5, 15, 6, 16, 17, 7, 8, 18, 9, 10, 19, 20]
 
# Riffle shuffle (10):
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20]
-> [13, 11, 7, 2, 12, 1, 3, 16, 19, 5, 4, 14, 9, 10, 18, 15, 6, 17, 8, 20]
 
# Overhand shuffle (1):
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20]
-> [19, 20, 17, 18, 15, 16, 14, 13, 10, 11, 12, 6, 7, 8, 9, 2, 3, 4, 5, 1]
 
# Overhand shuffle (10):
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20]
-> [2, 8, 12, 4, 1, 5, 7, 11, 17, 6, 14, 19, 3, 9, 10, 15, 18, 13, 16, 20]
 
# Default shuffle:
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20]
-> [3, 11, 18, 14, 2, 12, 13, 4, 10, 19, 8, 16, 20, 5, 1, 6, 9, 15, 17, 7]</pre>
 
=={{header|Kotlin}}==
<syntaxhighlight lang="scala">// version 1.1.51
 
import java.util.Random
import java.util.Collections.shuffle
 
val r = Random()
 
fun riffle(deck: List<Int>, iterations: Int): List<Int> {
val pile = deck.toMutableList()
 
repeat(iterations) {
val mid = deck.size / 2
val tenpc = mid / 10
// choose a random number within 10% of midpoint
val cut = mid - tenpc + r.nextInt(2 * tenpc + 1)
// split deck into two at cut point
val deck1 = pile.take(cut).toMutableList()
val deck2 = pile.drop(cut).toMutableList()
pile.clear()
val fromTop = r.nextBoolean() // choose to draw from top or bottom
while (deck1.size > 0 && deck2.size > 0) {
if (fromTop) {
pile.add(deck1.removeAt(0))
pile.add(deck2.removeAt(0))
}
else {
pile.add(deck1.removeAt(deck1.lastIndex))
pile.add(deck2.removeAt(deck2.lastIndex))
}
}
// add any remaining cards to the pile and reverse it
if (deck1.size > 0) pile.addAll(deck1)
else if (deck2.size > 0) pile.addAll(deck2)
pile.reverse() // as pile is upside down
}
return pile
}
 
fun overhand(deck: List<Int>, iterations: Int): List<Int> {
val pile = deck.toMutableList()
val pile2 = mutableListOf<Int>()
val twentypc = deck.size / 5
repeat(iterations) {
while (pile.size > 0) {
val cards = minOf(pile.size, 1 + r.nextInt(twentypc))
pile2.addAll(0, pile.take(cards))
repeat(cards) { pile.removeAt(0) }
}
pile.addAll(pile2)
pile2.clear()
}
return pile
}
 
fun main(args: Array<String>) {
println("Starting deck:")
var deck = List<Int>(20) { it + 1 }
println(deck)
val iterations = 10
println("\nRiffle shuffle with $iterations iterations:")
println(riffle(deck, iterations))
println("\nOverhand shuffle with $iterations iterations:")
println(overhand(deck, iterations))
println("\nStandard library shuffle with 1 iteration:")
shuffle(deck) // shuffles deck in place
println(deck)
}</syntaxhighlight>
 
Sample output:
<pre>
Starting deck:
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20]
 
Riffle shuffle with 10 iterations:
[5, 18, 3, 12, 15, 6, 8, 16, 2, 20, 17, 11, 13, 1, 9, 14, 19, 7, 10, 4]
 
Overhand shuffle with 10 iterations:
[2, 8, 1, 4, 11, 7, 3, 5, 17, 12, 10, 9, 6, 18, 20, 14, 19, 13, 15, 16]
 
Standard library shuffle with 1 iteration:
[17, 9, 12, 15, 7, 13, 18, 8, 2, 20, 5, 10, 16, 6, 14, 4, 19, 3, 11, 1]
</pre>
=={{header|Lua}}==
<syntaxhighlight lang="lua">-- Return a table respresenting a standard deck of cards in order
function newDeck ()
local cards, suits = {}, {"C", "D", "H", "S"}
for _, suit in pairs(suits) do
for value = 2, 14 do
if value == 10 then value = "T" end
if value == 11 then value = "J" end
if value == 12 then value = "Q" end
if value == 13 then value = "K" end
if value == 14 then value = "A" end
table.insert(cards, value .. suit)
end
end
return cards
end
 
-- Display all cards (strings) in a given deck (table)
function show (deck)
for _, card in pairs(deck) do io.write(card .. " ") end
print("\n")
end
 
-- Perform a riffle shuffle on deck and return it as a new table
function riffle (deck)
local pile1, pile2, pos = {}, {}, 1
for i, card in ipairs(deck) do
if i < math.ceil(#deck / 2) + 1 then
table.insert(pile1, card)
else
table.insert(pile2, card)
end
end
deck = {}
while pile2[pos] do
table.insert(deck, pile1[pos])
table.insert(deck, pile2[pos])
pos = pos + 1
end
return deck
end
 
-- Perform an overhand shuffle on a deck and return it as a new table
function overhand (deck)
local newDeck, twentyPercent, groupSize, pos = {}, math.floor(#deck / 5)
repeat
repeat
groupSize = math.random(twentyPercent)
until groupSize <= #deck
for pos = #deck - groupSize, #deck do
table.insert(newDeck, deck[pos])
deck[pos] = nil
end
until #deck == 0
return newDeck
end
 
-- Main procedure
math.randomseed(os.time())
local deck1, deck2 = newDeck(), newDeck()
deck1 = riffle(deck1)
print("Sorted deck after one riffle shuffle:")
show(deck1)
deck2 = overhand(deck2)
print("Sorted deck after one overhand shuffle:")
show(deck2)</syntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
<pre>Sorted deck after one riffle shuffle:
2C 2H 3C 3H 4C 4H 5C 5H 6C 6H 7C 7H 8C 8H 9C 9H TC TH JC JH QC QH KC KH AC AH 2D
2S 3D 3S 4D 4S 5D 5S 6D 6S 7D 7S 8D 8S 9D 9S TD TS JD JS QD QS KD KS AD AS
 
Sorted deck after one overhand shuffle:
QS KS AS 3S 4S 5S 6S 7S 8S 9S TS JS JH QH KH AH 2S 4H 5H 6H 7H 8H 9H TH 2H 3H 4D
5D 6D 7D 8D 9D TD JD QD KD AD QC KC AC 2D 3D 4C 5C 6C 7C 8C 9C TC JC 2C 3C
</pre>
=={{header|Modula-2}}==
<syntaxhighlight lang="modula2">MODULE CardShuffles;
FROM FormatString IMPORT FormatString;
FROM RandomNumbers IMPORT Random;
FROM Terminal IMPORT WriteString,WriteLn,ReadChar;
 
PROCEDURE WriteCard(c : CARDINAL);
VAR buf : ARRAY[0..15] OF CHAR;
BEGIN
FormatString("%c", buf, c);
WriteString(buf)
END WriteCard;
 
PROCEDURE WriteInteger(i : INTEGER);
VAR buf : ARRAY[0..15] OF CHAR;
BEGIN
FormatString("%02i", buf, i);
WriteString(buf)
END WriteInteger;
 
PROCEDURE WriteIntArray(array : ARRAY OF INTEGER);
VAR i : CARDINAL;
BEGIN
WriteString("[");
FOR i:=0 TO HIGH(array) DO
IF i>0 THEN
WriteString(", ");
END;
WriteInteger(array[i]);
END;
WriteString("]")
END WriteIntArray;
 
(*---------------------------------------*)
 
TYPE Deck_t = ARRAY[0..20] OF INTEGER;
 
PROCEDURE InitDeck(VAR deck : ARRAY OF INTEGER);
VAR i : CARDINAL;
BEGIN
FOR i:=0 TO HIGH(deck) DO
deck[i] := i + 1
END
END InitDeck;
 
PROCEDURE RiffleShuffle(VAR deck : Deck_t; flips : CARDINAL);
VAR
n,cutPoint,nlp,lp,rp,bound : CARDINAL;
nl : Deck_t;
BEGIN
FOR n:=1 TO flips DO
cutPoint := HIGH(deck) / 2;
IF Random(0, 2) > 0 THEN
cutPoint := cutPoint + Random(0, HIGH(deck) / 10);
ELSE
cutPoint := cutPoint - Random(0, HIGH(deck) / 10);
END;
 
nlp := 0;
lp := 0;
rp := cutPoint;
 
WHILE (lp <= cutPoint) AND (rp < HIGH(deck)) DO
(* Allow for an imperfect riffling so that more than one card can come from the same side in a row
biased towards the side with more cards. Remove the IF statement for perfect riffling. *)
bound := (cutPoint - lp) * 50 / (HIGH(deck) - rp);
IF Random(0, 50)>= bound THEN
nl[nlp] := deck[rp];
INC(nlp);
INC(rp);
ELSE
nl[nlp] := deck[lp];
INC(nlp);
INC(lp);
END
END;
WHILE lp <= cutPoint DO
nl[nlp] := deck[lp];
INC(nlp);
INC(lp);
END;
WHILE rp < HIGH(deck) DO
nl[nlp] := deck[rp];
INC(nlp);
INC(rp);
END;
 
deck := nl
END
END RiffleShuffle;
 
PROCEDURE OverhandShuffle(VAR mainHand : Deck_t; passes : CARDINAL);
VAR
n,cutSize,mp,op,tp,i : CARDINAL;
otherHand,temp : Deck_t;
BEGIN
FOR n:=1 TO passes DO
mp := 0;
op := 0;
FOR i:=0 TO HIGH(otherHand) DO
otherHand[i] := 9999
END;
 
WHILE mp < HIGH(mainHand) DO
(* Cut at up to 20% of the way through the deck *)
cutSize := Random(0, HIGH(mainHand) / 5) + 1;
tp := 0;
 
(* Grab the next cut up to the end of the cards left in the main hand *)
i:=0;
WHILE (i < cutSize) AND (mp < HIGH(mainHand)) DO
temp[tp] := mainHand[mp];
INC(tp);
INC(mp);
INC(i);
 
IF mp = HIGH(mainHand) THEN
temp[tp] := mainHand[mp];
INC(tp);
INC(mp);
END
END;
 
(* Add them to the cards in the other hand, sometimes to the front and sometimes to the back *)
IF Random(0, 10) >= 1 THEN
(* otherHand = temp + otherHand *)
 
(* copy other hand elements up by temp spaces *)
i := op;
WHILE (i > 0) AND (op > 0) DO
otherHand[tp + i] := otherHand[i];
DEC(i)
END;
IF op > 0 THEN
otherHand[tp] := otherHand[0]
END;
 
(* copy the elements of temp into the front of other hand *)
FOR i:=0 TO tp-1 DO
otherHand[i] := temp[i]
END
ELSE
(* otherHand = otherHand + temp *)
FOR i:=0 TO tp DO
otherHand[op+i] := temp[i]
END
END;
op := op + tp
END;
 
(* Move the cards back to the main hand *)
mainHand := otherHand
END
END OverhandShuffle;
 
(* Main *)
VAR deck : Deck_t;
BEGIN
WriteString("Riffle shuffle");
WriteLn;
InitDeck(deck);
WriteIntArray(deck);
WriteLn;
RiffleShuffle(deck, 10);
WriteIntArray(deck);
WriteLn;
WriteLn;
 
WriteString("Riffle shuffle");
WriteLn;
InitDeck(deck);
WriteIntArray(deck);
WriteLn;
RiffleShuffle(deck, 1);
WriteIntArray(deck);
WriteLn;
WriteLn;
 
WriteString("Overhand shuffle");
WriteLn;
InitDeck(deck);
WriteIntArray(deck);
WriteLn;
OverhandShuffle(deck, 10);
WriteIntArray(deck);
WriteLn;
WriteLn;
 
WriteString("Overhand shuffle");
WriteLn;
InitDeck(deck);
WriteIntArray(deck);
WriteLn;
OverhandShuffle(deck, 1);
WriteIntArray(deck);
WriteLn;
 
ReadChar;
END CardShuffles.</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Nim}}==
{{trans|Kotlin}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="nim">import algorithm, deques, random, sequtils, strutils
 
proc riffle(deck: seq[int]; iterations: Positive): seq[int] =
result = deck
 
for _ in 1..iterations:
let mid = deck.len div 2
let tenPc = mid div 10
# Choose a random number within 10% of midpoint.
let cut = mid - tenPc + rand(2 * tenPc)
# Split deck into two at cut point.
var deck1 = result[0..<cut].toDeque
var deck2 = result[cut..^1].toDeque
result.setLen(0)
let fromTop = bool(rand(1)) # Choose to draw from top or bottom.
while deck1.len > 0 and deck2.len > 0:
if fromTop:
result.add deck1.popFirst
result.add deck2.popFirst
else:
result.add deck1.popLast
result.add deck2.popLast
# Add any remaining cards to the pile and reverse it.
if deck1.len > 0: result.add deck1.toSeq
elif deck2.len > 0: result.add deck2.toSeq
result.reverse()
 
proc overhand(deck: seq[int]; iterations: Positive): seq[int] =
result = deck
var pile: seq[int]
let twentyPc = deck.len div 5
for _ in 1..iterations:
while result.len > 0:
let cards = min(result.len, rand(1..twentyPc))
pile.insert result[0..<cards]
result.delete(0, cards - 1)
result = move(pile)
 
when isMainModule:
 
randomize()
echo "Starting deck:"
var deck = toSeq(1..20)
echo deck.join(" ")
let iterations = 10
echo "\nRiffle shuffle with $# iterations:".format(iterations)
echo riffle(deck, iterations).join(" ")
echo "\nOverhand shuffle with $# iterations:".format(iterations)
echo overhand(deck, iterations).join(" ")
echo "\nStandard library shuffle with one iteration:"
deck.shuffle() # Shuffles deck in place.
echo deck.join(" ")</syntaxhighlight>
 
{{out}}
<pre>Starting deck:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
 
Riffle shuffle with 10 iterations:
7 13 18 10 17 5 16 6 20 2 9 12 14 8 19 4 11 1 15 3
 
Overhand shuffle with 10 iterations:
2 9 10 4 6 5 14 12 11 17 19 1 13 16 8 3 7 18 20 15
 
Standard library shuffle with one iteration:
7 9 15 10 1 19 5 14 6 8 4 3 18 17 16 12 13 20 2 11</pre>
=={{header|PARI/GP}}==
Riffle shuffle:
<syntaxhighlight lang="parigp">riffle(v)=
{
my(n=#v,k,t,deck=vector(n),left,right);
t=random(2^n);
for(i=0,n,
t -= binomial(n,i);
if(t<0, k=i; break)
);
if(k==0||k==n, return(v));
left=k;
right=n-k;
deck=vector(n,i,
t=random(n+1-i);
v[if(t<left, k-left--, n-right--)]
);
vecextract(v, deck);
}
addhelp(riffle, "riffle(v): Riffle shuffles the vector v, following the Gilbert-Shannon-Reeds model.");</syntaxhighlight>
 
Overhand shuffle:
<syntaxhighlight lang="parigp">overhand(v)=
{
my(u=[],t,n=2*#v\5);
while(#v,
t=min(random(n)+1,#v);
u=concat(v[1..t],u);
v=if(t<#v,v[t+1..#v],[]);
);
u;
}
addhelp(overhand, "overhand(v): Overhand shuffles the vector v.");</syntaxhighlight>
 
Usage:
<syntaxhighlight lang="parigp">riffle([1..52])
overhand([1..52])</syntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
<pre>%1 = [1, 2, 3, 21, 4, 22, 23, 5, 24, 25, 26, 6, 27, 28, 29, 30, 7, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 8, 37, 38, 39, 40, 9, 10, 11, 12, 41, 42, 43, 13, 44, 45, 14, 46, 47, 48, 15, 16, 17, 49, 50, 18, 51, 19, 20, 52]
%2 = [44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 43, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 1, 2, 3, 4]</pre>
=={{header|Perl}}==
Follows the Raku implementation for the overhand shuffle, but uses classic one-liner for riffle.
<syntaxhighlight lang="perl">sub overhand {
our @cards; local *cards = shift;
my(@splits,@shuffle);
my $x = int +@cards / 5;
push @splits, (1..$x)[int rand $x] for 1..+@cards;
while (@cards) {
push @shuffle, [splice @cards, 0, shift @splits];
}
@cards = flatten(reverse @shuffle);
}
 
sub flatten { map { ref $_ eq 'ARRAY' ? @$_ : $_ } @_ }
 
sub riffle {
our @cards; local *cards = shift;
splice @cards, @cards/2 - $_, 0, pop @cards for 0 .. (@cards/2)-1;
}
 
@cards = 1..20;
overhand(\@cards) for 1..10;
print join ' ', @cards, "\n";
 
@cards = 1..20;
riffle(\@cards) for 1..10;
print join ' ', @cards, "\n";</syntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
<pre>9 11 5 2 4 14 1 3 8 6 15 13 16 12 19 20 7 18 10 17
1 10 19 9 18 8 17 7 16 6 15 5 14 4 13 3 12 2 11 20</pre>
=={{header|Phix}}==
<!--<syntaxhighlight lang="phix">(phixonline)-->
<span style="color: #008080;">function</span> <span style="color: #000000;">riffle</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #004080;">sequence</span> <span style="color: #000000;">s</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<span style="color: #004080;">sequence</span> <span style="color: #000000;">res</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">{}</span>
<span style="color: #004080;">integer</span> <span style="color: #000000;">l</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">length</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">s</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">),</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">r</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">rand</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">l</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">for</span> <span style="color: #000000;">i</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span><span style="color: #000000;">1</span> <span style="color: #008080;">to</span> <span style="color: #000000;">l</span> <span style="color: #008080;">do</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">if</span> <span style="color: #000000;">r</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">+</span><span style="color: #000000;">i</span><span style="color: #0000FF;"><=</span><span style="color: #000000;">l</span> <span style="color: #008080;">then</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">res</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">&=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">s</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">[</span><span style="color: #000000;">r</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">+</span><span style="color: #000000;">i</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">]</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">if</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">if</span> <span style="color: #000000;">i</span><span style="color: #0000FF;"><=</span><span style="color: #000000;">r</span> <span style="color: #008080;">then</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">res</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">&=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">s</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">[</span><span style="color: #000000;">i</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">]</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">if</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">for</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">return</span> <span style="color: #000000;">res</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">function</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">function</span> <span style="color: #000000;">overhand</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #004080;">sequence</span> <span style="color: #000000;">s</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<span style="color: #004080;">sequence</span> <span style="color: #000000;">res</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">{}</span>
<span style="color: #004080;">integer</span> <span style="color: #000000;">l</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">length</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">s</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">while</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">length</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">s</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span> <span style="color: #008080;">do</span>
<span style="color: #004080;">integer</span> <span style="color: #000000;">r</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">rand</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">l</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">*</span><span style="color: #000000;">0.2</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">if</span> <span style="color: #000000;">r</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">></span><span style="color: #7060A8;">length</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">s</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span> <span style="color: #008080;">then</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">r</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">length</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">s</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">if</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">res</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">s</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">[</span><span style="color: #000000;">1</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">..</span><span style="color: #000000;">r</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">]&</span><span style="color: #000000;">res</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">s</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">s</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">[</span><span style="color: #000000;">r</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">+</span><span style="color: #000000;">1</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">..$]</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">while</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">return</span> <span style="color: #000000;">res</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">function</span>
<span style="color: #000080;font-style:italic;">-- to shorten the output, all 2..7 have been removed from the deck</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">constant</span> <span style="color: #000000;">DECKSIZE</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span><span style="color: #000000;">52</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">-</span><span style="color: #000000;">24</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">procedure</span> <span style="color: #000000;">show_deck</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #004080;">sequence</span> <span style="color: #000000;">s</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">for</span> <span style="color: #000000;">i</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span><span style="color: #000000;">1</span> <span style="color: #008080;">to</span> <span style="color: #000000;">DECKSIZE</span> <span style="color: #008080;">do</span>
<span style="color: #004080;">integer</span> <span style="color: #000000;">c</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">s</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">[</span><span style="color: #000000;">i</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">]-</span><span style="color: #000000;">1</span>
<span style="color: #000080;font-style:italic;">-- puts(1,"23456789TJQKA"[remainder(c,13)+1]&"HCDS"[floor(c/13)+1]&" ")</span>
<span style="color: #7060A8;">puts</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">1</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #008000;">"89TJQKA"</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">[</span><span style="color: #7060A8;">remainder</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">c</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #000000;">7</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)+</span><span style="color: #000000;">1</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">]&</span><span style="color: #008000;">"HCDS"</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">[</span><span style="color: #7060A8;">floor</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">c</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">/</span><span style="color: #000000;">7</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)+</span><span style="color: #000000;">1</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">]&</span><span style="color: #008000;">" "</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">for</span>
<span style="color: #7060A8;">puts</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">1</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #008000;">"\n"</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">procedure</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">show_deck</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">riffle</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #7060A8;">tagset</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">DECKSIZE</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)))</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">show_deck</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">overhand</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #7060A8;">tagset</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">DECKSIZE</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)))</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">show_deck</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #7060A8;">shuffle</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #7060A8;">tagset</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">DECKSIZE</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)))</span>
<!--</syntaxhighlight>-->
{{out}}
<pre>
TC 8H JC 9H QC TH KC JH AC QH 8D KH 9D AH TD 8C JD 9C QD KD AD 8S 9S TS JS QS KS AS
KS AS JS QS TS AD 8S 9S 9D TD JD QD KD QC KC AC 8D AH 8C 9C TC JC JH QH KH TH 8H 9H
KH TH AH QH 8D JC QC 8C JH 8H 9D KS TD AS KD 8S TC AD TS AC 9C KC 9H QD JD JS 9S QS
</pre>
=={{header|PicoLisp}}==
<syntaxhighlight lang="picolisp">(load "@lib/simul.l")
 
(de riffle (Lst)
(let N (/ (setq @@ (length Lst)) 2)
(conc
(mapcan list (head N Lst) (tail (- N) Lst))
(and (bit? 1 @@) (tail 1 Lst)) ) ) )
(de overhand (Lst)
(let N (/ (* (length Lst) 20) 100)
(make
(while (flip (cut N 'Lst))
(for I @
(yoke I) ) ) ) ) )
 
(println 'riffle (riffle (range 1 19)) )
(println 'overhand (overhand (range 1 19)) )
(println 'shuffle (shuffle (range 1 19)) )</syntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
<pre>
riffle (1 10 2 11 3 12 4 13 5 14 6 15 7 16 8 17 9 18 19)
overhand (19 16 17 18 13 14 15 10 11 12 7 8 9 4 5 6 1 2 3)
shuffle (5 3 13 15 17 12 14 11 2 1 19 7 6 9 18 8 10 4 16)
</pre>
=={{header|Python}}==
{{trans|D}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="python">import random
 
def riffleShuffle(va, flips):
nl = va
for n in range(flips):
#cut the deck at the middle +/- 10%, remove the second line of the formula for perfect cutting
cutPoint = len(nl)/2 + random.choice([-1, 1]) * random.randint(0, len(va)/10)
 
# split the deck
left = nl[0:cutPoint]
right = nl[cutPoint:]
 
del nl[:]
while (len(left) > 0 and len(right) > 0):
#allow for imperfect riffling so that more than one card can come form the same side in a row
#biased towards the side with more cards
#remove the if and else and brackets for perfect riffling
if (random.uniform(0, 1) >= len(left) / len(right) / 2):
nl.append(right.pop(0))
else:
nl.append(left.pop(0))
if (len(left) > 0):
nl = nl + left
if (len(right) > 0):
nl = nl + right
return nl
 
def overhandShuffle(va, passes):
mainHand = va
for n in range(passes):
otherHand = []
while (len(mainHand) > 0):
#cut at up to 20% of the way through the deck
cutSize = random.randint(0, len(va) / 5) + 1
temp = []
 
#grab the next cut up to the end of the cards left in the main hand
i=0
while (i<cutSize and len(mainHand) > 0):
temp.append(mainHand.pop(0))
i = i + 1
 
#add them to the cards in the other hand, sometimes to the front sometimes to the back
if (random.uniform(0, 1) >= 0.1):
#front most of the time
otherHand = temp + otherHand
else:
otherHand = otherHand + temp
#move the cards back to the main hand
mainHand = otherHand
return mainHand
 
print "Riffle shuffle"
nums = [x+1 for x in range(21)]
print nums
print riffleShuffle(nums, 10)
print
 
print "Riffle shuffle"
nums = [x+1 for x in range(21)]
print nums
print riffleShuffle(nums, 1)
print
 
print "Overhand shuffle"
nums = [x+1 for x in range(21)]
print nums
print overhandShuffle(nums, 10)
print
 
print "Overhand shuffle"
nums = [x+1 for x in range(21)]
print nums
print overhandShuffle(nums, 1)
print
 
print "Library shuffle"
nums = [x+1 for x in range(21)]
print nums
random.shuffle(nums)
print nums
print</syntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
<pre>Riffle shuffle
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21]
[4, 16, 5, 19, 3, 14, 2, 9, 20, 13, 17, 10, 6, 7, 1, 18, 12, 11, 8, 21, 15]
 
Riffle shuffle
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21]
[13, 14, 15, 1, 16, 2, 3, 17, 4, 5, 18, 6, 7, 19, 8, 9, 20, 10, 11, 21, 12]
 
Overhand shuffle
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21]
[21, 12, 5, 16, 7, 2, 15, 14, 20, 6, 8, 11, 13, 1, 4, 17, 19, 9, 3, 18, 10]
 
Overhand shuffle
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21]
[21, 20, 19, 18, 16, 17, 14, 15, 11, 12, 13, 4, 5, 6, 7, 1, 2, 3, 8, 9, 10]
 
Library shuffle
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21]
[14, 12, 2, 17, 18, 21, 8, 4, 15, 9, 11, 10, 3, 1, 7, 19, 20, 6, 5, 16, 13]</pre>
=={{header|Racket}}==
 
Line 307 ⟶ 1,938:
Racket has a built in <code>shuffle</code> function. Frankly, I'd go with that in your own code!
 
<langsyntaxhighlight lang="racket">#lang typed/racket
;; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
;; Types and shuffle builder
Line 448 ⟶ 2,079:
(printf "wash piles: ~.a~%" (wash-pile-shuffle unshuffled-pack 1))
;; Or there is always the built-in shuffle:
(printf "shuffle: ~.a~%" (shuffle unshuffled-pack)))</langsyntaxhighlight>
 
{{out}}
Line 466 ⟶ 2,097:
wash piles: (4♣ K♠ 4♠ Q♥ J♣ A♣ 6♦ 6♥ 7♥ A♠ T♠ T♥ Q♣ 8♠ 3♣ J...
shuffle: (J♣ 2♠ 4♦ A♦ K♥ 6♦ 5♦ 8♣ 2♦ T♥ 4♠ 3♣ 7♦ 9♠ T♦ J...
</pre>
=={{header|Raku}}==
(formerly Perl 6)
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="raku" line>sub overhand ( @cards ) {
my @splits = roll 10, ^( @cards.elems div 5 )+1;
@cards.rotor( @splits ,:partial ).reverse.flat
}
 
sub riffle ( @pile is copy ) {
my @pile2 = @pile.splice: @pile.elems div 2 ;
roundrobin(
@pile.rotor( (1 .. 3).roll(7), :partial ),
@pile2.rotor( (1 .. 3).roll(9), :partial ),
).flat
}
 
my @cards = ^20;
@cards.=&overhand for ^10;
say @cards;
my @cards2 = ^20;
@cards2.=&riffle for ^10;
say @cards2;
 
say (^20).pick(*);</syntaxhighlight>
 
=={{header|REXX}}==
A little extra effort was put into the '''create''' subroutine to build any sort of deck, even a multiple deck as in canasta and samba (with/without jokers). &nbsp; Adding options for short decks, pinochle, schmear, six-handed &nbsp; '''500''', &nbsp; and the like would be prohibitive and muddy up the code and be distracting.
 
Six-handed 500 has additional cards of: &nbsp; <big> ♣11 &nbsp; ♣12 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; ♠11 &nbsp; ♠12 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; ♦11 &nbsp; ♦12 &nbsp; ♦13 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; ♦11 &nbsp; ♦12 &nbsp; ♦13 </big>
<syntaxhighlight lang="rexx">/*REXX program simulates various types of shuffling a deck of cards (any kind of deck).*/
call create; call show 'new deck' /*build and display a new card deck. */
 
call create; call riffle 1 /*invoke a riffle shuffle (N times). */
call show 'riffle shuffle' /*display the results from last shuffle*/
 
call create; call overhand 1/5 /*invoke overhand shuffle with 20% cuts*/
call show 'overhand shuffle' /*display the results from last shuffle*/
 
call create; call barnYard 13 /*also called a washing machine shuffle*/
call show 'barn yard shuffle' /*display the results from last shuffle*/
exit /*stick a fork in it, we're all done. */
/*──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
create: if 9=='f9'x then suit= "cdhs" /*EBCDIC? Then use letters for suits.*/
else suit= "♣♦♥♠" /* ASCII? " " symbols " " */
jokers= 0 /*number of jokers in the card deck. */
wild= copies("jH jL", jokers) /*a large # of high jokers, low jokers.*/
rank= 'A23456789tJQK' /*t in the rank represents a ten (10).*/
decks= 1 /*the number of decks, building a shoe?*/
$= /*the initial (null) card deck (string)*/
do s=1 for length(suit) /*process each of the card deck suits. */
_= substr(suit, s, 1) /*extract a single suit to build + pips*/
do r=1 for length(rank) /*process each of the card deck pips. */
$= $ _ || substr(rank, r, 1) /*build a card, then append it to deck.*/
end /*r*/ /*Note: some decks have more pips, >13.*/
end /*s*/ /* " " " " " suits, >4.*/
$= space($ subword(wild, 1, jokers) ) /*keep a new card deck for each shuffle*/
$= copies($, decks) /*maybe build multiple decks for a shoe*/
#= words($) /*set the number of cards in the deck. */
/*another entry point for this function*/
build: @.=; do j=1 for words($) /*build an array for the card deck. */
@.j= word($, j) /*construct an card from the deck list.*/
end /*j*/
return $ /*elide the leading blank in the deck. */
/*──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
?: return random(1, word( arg(1) #, 1) ) /*gen a random number from 1 ──► arg. */
/*──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
barnYard: do j=1 for arg(1); x=?();
do until y\==x | #<2; y=?()
end /*until*/
parse value @.x @.y with @.y @.x
end /*j*/; return
/*──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
riffle: $A= subword($, 1, #%2); $B= subword($, #%2 + 1); $= /*split deck in half*/
do j=1 for max( words($A), words($B) ); $= $ word($A, j) word($B, j)
end /*j*/
$= space($); call build; return
/*──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
overhand: parse arg pc .; if pc=='' then pc= 1/5; chunk= # * pc % 1; $B=
do while words($)\==0; $B= $B subword($, 1, chunk); $= subword($, chunk +1)
end /*while*/
$= space($B); call build; return
/*──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
show: _=@.1; do j=2 for #-1; _=_ @.j; end /*j*/; L = length(_)
say center( arg(1), L, '═'); say _; say; return /*show deck*/</syntaxhighlight>
{{out|output}}
<pre style="font-size:125%">
═════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════new deck══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
♣A ♣2 ♣3 ♣4 ♣5 ♣6 ♣7 ♣8 ♣9 ♣t ♣J ♣Q ♣K ♦A ♦2 ♦3 ♦4 ♦5 ♦6 ♦7 ♦8 ♦9 ♦t ♦J ♦Q ♦K ♥A ♥2 ♥3 ♥4 ♥5 ♥6 ♥7 ♥8 ♥9 ♥t ♥J ♥Q ♥K ♠A ♠2 ♠3 ♠4 ♠5 ♠6 ♠7 ♠8 ♠9 ♠t ♠J ♠Q ♠K
 
══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════riffle shuffle═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
♣A ♥A ♣2 ♥2 ♣3 ♥3 ♣4 ♥4 ♣5 ♥5 ♣6 ♥6 ♣7 ♥7 ♣8 ♥8 ♣9 ♥9 ♣t ♥t ♣J ♥J ♣Q ♥Q ♣K ♥K ♦A ♠A ♦2 ♠2 ♦3 ♠3 ♦4 ♠4 ♦5 ♠5 ♦6 ♠6 ♦7 ♠7 ♦8 ♠8 ♦9 ♠9 ♦t ♠t ♦J ♠J ♦Q ♠Q ♦K ♠K
 
═════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════overhand shuffle══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
♣A ♣2 ♣3 ♣4 ♣5 ♣6 ♣7 ♣8 ♣9 ♣t ♣J ♣Q ♣K ♦A ♦2 ♦3 ♦4 ♦5 ♦6 ♦7 ♦8 ♦9 ♦t ♦J ♦Q ♦K ♥A ♥2 ♥3 ♥4 ♥5 ♥6 ♥7 ♥8 ♥9 ♥t ♥J ♥Q ♥K ♠A ♠2 ♠3 ♠4 ♠5 ♠6 ♠7 ♠8 ♠9 ♠t ♠J ♠Q ♠K
 
═════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════barn yard shuffle═════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
♣A ♣2 ♣3 ♠2 ♥6 ♣6 ♣7 ♣8 ♦8 ♥8 ♣J ♣Q ♣K ♦A ♦2 ♦3 ♦4 ♥t ♦6 ♦7 ♠A ♦9 ♦t ♦J ♦Q ♠t ♥A ♥2 ♣t ♥4 ♠5 ♣5 ♦K ♥Q ♥9 ♦5 ♥J ♥3 ♥K ♣9 ♣4 ♠3 ♠4 ♠K ♠6 ♥7 ♠8 ♠9 ♠7 ♠J ♠Q ♥5
</pre>
=={{header|Ruby}}==
 
Two methods to solve the requirements, and a third one as bonus.
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="ruby">
def riffle deck
left, right = deck.partition{rand(10).odd?}
new_deck = []
 
# the condition below is true when both left and right stacks are empty
until ((left_card=left.pop).to_i + (right_card=right.shift).to_i).zero? do
new_deck << left_card if left_card
new_deck << right_card if right_card
end
 
new_deck
end
 
def overhand deck
deck, new_deck = deck.dup, []
s = deck.size
new_deck += deck.pop(rand(s * 0.2)) until deck.empty?
new_deck
end
 
def bonus deck
deck.sort { |a, b| Time.now.to_i % a <=> Time.now.to_i % b }
end
 
deck = [*1..20]
 
p riffle(deck)
p overhand(deck)
p bonus(deck)
</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Scala}}==
{{trans|Java}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="scala">import scala.collection.mutable.ListBuffer
import scala.util.Random
 
object CardShuffles {
val rand = new Random()
 
def riffleShuffle[T](source: List[T], flips: Int): List[T] = {
val list = source.to[ListBuffer]
for (_ <- 1 to flips) {
//cut the deck at the middle +/- 10%, remove the second line of the formula for perfect cutting
val cutPoint = list.size / 2 + (if (rand.nextBoolean()) -1 else 1) * rand.nextInt((list.size * 0.1).toInt)
 
//split the deck
val left = list.slice(0, cutPoint)
val right = list.slice(cutPoint, list.size)
 
list.clear()
while (left.nonEmpty && right.nonEmpty) {
//allow for imperfect riffling so that more than one card can come form the same side in a row
//biased towards the side with more cards
//remove the if and else and brackets for perfect riffling
if (rand.nextDouble() >= (1.0 * left.size / right.size) / 2.0) {
list.append(right.remove(0))
} else {
list.append(left.remove(0))
}
}
 
//if either hand is out of cards then flip all of the other hand to the shuffled deck
if (left.nonEmpty) list.appendAll(left)
if (right.nonEmpty) list.appendAll(right)
}
list.toList
}
 
def overhandShuffle[T](source: List[T], passes: Int): List[T] = {
var mainHand = source.to[ListBuffer]
for (_ <- 1 to passes) {
val otherHand = new ListBuffer[T]
 
while (mainHand.nonEmpty) {
//cut at up to 20% of the way through the deck
val cutSize = rand.nextInt((source.size * 0.2).toInt) + 1
 
val temp = new ListBuffer[T]
 
//grab the next cut up to the end of the cards left in the main hand
var i = 0
while (i < cutSize && mainHand.nonEmpty) {
temp.append(mainHand.remove(0))
i = i + 1
}
 
//add them to the cards in the other hand, sometimes to the front sometimes to the back
if (rand.nextDouble() >= 0.1) {
//front most of the time
otherHand.insertAll(0, temp)
} else {
//end sometimes
otherHand.appendAll(temp)
}
}
 
//move the cards back to the main hand
mainHand = otherHand
}
mainHand.toList
}
 
def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = {
// riffle shuffle
var lst = (1 to 20).toList
println(lst)
var sorted = riffleShuffle(lst, 10)
println(sorted)
println()
 
lst = (1 to 20).toList
println(lst)
sorted = riffleShuffle(lst, 1)
println(sorted)
println()
 
// overhand shuffle
lst = (1 to 20).toList
println(lst)
sorted = overhandShuffle(lst, 10)
println(sorted)
println()
 
lst = (1 to 20).toList
println(lst)
sorted = overhandShuffle(lst, 1)
println(sorted)
println()
 
// builtin
lst = (1 to 20).toList
println(lst)
sorted = Random.shuffle(lst)
println(sorted)
println()
}
}</syntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
<pre>List(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20)
List(13, 10, 7, 14, 6, 17, 9, 18, 5, 2, 11, 12, 8, 3, 20, 19, 15, 16, 1, 4)
 
List(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20)
List(10, 11, 12, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 13, 6, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 7, 19, 8, 20, 9)
 
List(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20)
List(5, 20, 16, 8, 1, 13, 2, 10, 17, 12, 15, 4, 19, 7, 18, 14, 11, 3, 6, 9)
 
List(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20)
List(20, 18, 19, 14, 15, 16, 17, 10, 11, 12, 13, 8, 9, 5, 6, 7, 1, 2, 3, 4)
 
List(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20)
List(1, 14, 12, 8, 15, 19, 4, 18, 11, 16, 13, 3, 2, 17, 10, 5, 9, 7, 6, 20)</pre>
=={{header|Tcl}}==
<syntaxhighlight lang="tcl">
proc riffle deck {
set length [llength $deck]
for {set i 0} {$i < $length/2} { incr i} {
lappend temp [lindex $deck $i] [lindex $deck [expr {$length/2+$i}]]}
set temp}
proc overhand deck {
set cut [expr {[llength $deck] /5}]
for {set i $cut} {$i >-1} {incr i -1} {
lappend temp [lrange $deck [expr {$i *$cut}] [expr {($i+1) *$cut -1}] ]}
concat {*}$temp}
puts [riffle [list 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52]]
puts [overhand [list 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52]]
</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Visual Basic .NET}}==
{{trans|C#}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="vbnet">Imports System.Runtime.CompilerServices
Imports System.Text
 
Module Module1
 
<Extension()>
Function AsString(Of T)(c As ICollection(Of T)) As String
Dim sb = New StringBuilder("[")
sb.Append(String.Join(", ", c))
Return sb.Append("]").ToString()
End Function
 
Private rand As New Random()
 
Function RiffleShuffle(Of T)(list As ICollection(Of T), flips As Integer) As List(Of T)
Dim newList As New List(Of T)(list)
 
For n = 1 To flips
'cut the deck at the middle +/- 10%, remove the second line of the formula for perfect cutting
Dim cutPoint As Integer = newList.Count / 2 + If(rand.Next(0, 2) = 0, -1, 1) * rand.Next(newList.Count * 0.1)
 
'split the deck
Dim left As New List(Of T)(newList.Take(cutPoint))
Dim right As New List(Of T)(newList.Skip(cutPoint))
 
newList.Clear()
 
While left.Count > 0 AndAlso right.Count > 0
'allow for imperfect riffling so that more than one card can come form the same side in a row
'biased towards the side with more cards
'remove the if And else And brackets for perfect riffling
If rand.NextDouble() >= left.Count / right.Count / 2 Then
newList.Add(right.First())
right.RemoveAt(0)
Else
newList.Add(left.First())
left.RemoveAt(0)
End If
End While
 
'if either hand is out of cards then flip all of the other hand to the shuffled deck
If left.Count > 0 Then
newList.AddRange(left)
End If
If right.Count > 0 Then
newList.AddRange(right)
End If
Next
 
Return newList
End Function
 
Function OverhandShuffle(Of T)(list As ICollection(Of T), passes As Integer) As List(Of T)
Dim mainHand As New List(Of T)(list)
 
For n = 1 To passes
Dim otherhand = New List(Of T)
 
While mainHand.Count > 0
'cut at up to 20% of the way through the deck
Dim cutSize = rand.Next(list.Count * 0.2) + 1
 
Dim temp = New List(Of T)
 
'grab the next cut up to the end of the cards left in the main hand
Dim i = 0
While i < cutSize AndAlso mainHand.Count > 0
temp.Add(mainHand.First())
mainHand.RemoveAt(0)
i = i + 1
End While
 
'add them to the cards in the other hand, sometimes to the front sometimes to the back
If rand.NextDouble() >= 0.1 Then
'front most of the time
temp.AddRange(otherhand)
otherhand = temp
Else
'end sometimes
otherhand.AddRange(temp)
End If
End While
 
'move the cards back to the main hand
mainHand = otherhand
Next
 
Return mainHand
End Function
 
Sub Main()
Dim list = New List(Of Integer)(Enumerable.Range(1, 20))
Console.WriteLine(list.AsString())
list = RiffleShuffle(list, 10)
Console.WriteLine(list.AsString())
Console.WriteLine()
 
list = New List(Of Integer)(Enumerable.Range(1, 20))
Console.WriteLine(list.AsString())
list = RiffleShuffle(list, 1)
Console.WriteLine(list.AsString())
Console.WriteLine()
 
list = New List(Of Integer)(Enumerable.Range(1, 20))
Console.WriteLine(list.AsString())
list = OverhandShuffle(list, 10)
Console.WriteLine(list.AsString())
Console.WriteLine()
 
list = New List(Of Integer)(Enumerable.Range(1, 20))
Console.WriteLine(list.AsString())
list = OverhandShuffle(list, 1)
Console.WriteLine(list.AsString())
Console.WriteLine()
End Sub
 
End Module</syntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
<pre>[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20]
[1, 5, 15, 8, 3, 7, 17, 12, 14, 6, 19, 18, 13, 16, 2, 20, 11, 10, 4, 9]
 
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20]
[1, 2, 12, 13, 14, 3, 15, 4, 5, 16, 17, 6, 7, 8, 9, 18, 10, 19, 20, 11]
 
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20]
[15, 16, 20, 14, 17, 9, 10, 5, 6, 3, 12, 18, 11, 4, 1, 2, 8, 13, 19, 7]
 
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20]
[19, 20, 15, 16, 17, 18, 13, 14, 10, 11, 12, 7, 8, 9, 4, 5, 6, 1, 2, 3]</pre>
=={{header|Wren}}==
{{trans|Kotlin}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="wren">import "random" for Random
 
var r = Random.new()
 
var riffle = Fn.new { |deck, iterations|
var pile = deck.toList
for (i in 0...iterations) {
var mid = (deck.count / 2).floor
var tenpc = (mid / 10).floor
// choose a random number within 10% of midpoint
var cut = mid - tenpc + r.int(2 * tenpc + 1)
// split deck into two at cut point
var deck1 = pile.take(cut).toList
var deck2 = pile.skip(cut).toList
pile.clear()
var fromTop = r.int(2) == 1 // choose to draw from top or bottom
while (deck1.count > 0 && deck2.count > 0) {
if (fromTop) {
pile.add(deck1.removeAt(0))
pile.add(deck2.removeAt(0))
} else {
pile.add(deck1.removeAt(-1))
pile.add(deck2.removeAt(-1))
}
}
// add any remaining cards to the pile and reverse it
if (deck1.count > 0) {
pile.addAll(deck1)
} else if (deck2.count > 0) {
pile.addAll(deck2)
}
pile = pile[-1..0] // as pile is upside down
}
return pile
}
 
var overhand = Fn.new { |deck, iterations|
var pile = deck.toList
var pile2 = []
var twentypc = (deck.count / 5).floor
for (i in 0...iterations) {
while (pile.count > 0) {
var cards = pile.count.min(1 + r.int(twentypc))
pile2 = pile[0...cards] + pile2
pile = pile[cards..-1]
}
pile.addAll(pile2)
pile2.clear()
}
return pile
}
 
System.print("Starting deck:")
var deck = (1..20).toList
System.print(deck)
var iterations = 10
System.print("\nRiffle shuffle with %(iterations) iterations:")
System.print(riffle.call(deck, iterations))
System.print("\nOverhand shuffle with %(iterations) iterations:")
System.print(overhand.call(deck, iterations))
System.print("\nStandard library shuffle with 1 iteration:")
r.shuffle(deck) // shuffles deck in place
System.print(deck)</syntaxhighlight>
 
{{out}}
Sample run:
<pre>
Starting deck:
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20]
 
Riffle shuffle with 10 iterations:
[7, 17, 13, 8, 16, 3, 9, 6, 18, 2, 4, 14, 19, 11, 12, 20, 10, 1, 15, 5]
 
Overhand shuffle with 10 iterations:
[11, 1, 5, 7, 9, 20, 19, 10, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 13, 18, 16, 15, 14, 17]
 
Standard library shuffle with 1 iteration:
[9, 16, 2, 12, 8, 20, 13, 5, 4, 18, 17, 6, 11, 19, 1, 3, 14, 7, 10, 15]
</pre>
 
=={{header|zkl}}==
A much better shuffle is List's shuffle method.
<syntaxhighlight lang="zkl">fcn riffle(deck){
len,N:=deck.len(),len/2;
newDeck:=N.pump(List,'wrap(n){ return(Void.Write,deck[n],deck[N+n]) });
if(len.isOdd) return(newDeck.append(deck[-1]));
newDeck
}
fcn overHand(deck){
len,N,piles:=deck.len(),(0.2*len).toInt(),(len.toFloat()/N).ceil().toInt();
piles.pump(List,'wrap(n){ deck[n*N,N] }).reverse().flatten()
}</syntaxhighlight>
<syntaxhighlight lang="zkl">riffle( [1..19].walk()).println();
overHand([1..19].walk()).println();
[1..19].walk().shuffle().println();</syntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
<pre>
L(1,10,2,11,3,12,4,13,5,14,6,15,7,16,8,17,9,18,19)
L(19,16,17,18,13,14,15,10,11,12,7,8,9,4,5,6,1,2,3)
L(9,11,12,6,17,18,5,10,8,19,2,15,4,3,13,1,7,14,16)
</pre>
PureFox
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