Window management
Treat windows or at least window identities as first class objects.
- Store window identities in variables, compare them for equality.
- Provide examples of performing some of the following:
- hide, show, close, minimize, maximize, move, and resize a window.
You are encouraged to solve this task according to the task description, using any language you may know.
The window of interest may or may not have been created by your program.
AutoHotkey
<lang AutoHotkey>F1:: ;; when user hits the F1 key, do the following WinGetTitle, window, A ; get identity of active window into a variable WinMove, %window%, , 100, 100, 800, 800 ; move window to coordinates, 100, 100
; and change size to 800 x 800 pixels
sleep, 2000 WinHide, % window ; hide window TrayTip, hidden, window is hidden, 2 sleep, 2000 WinShow, % window ; show window again loop, {
inputbox, name, what was the name of your window?
if (name = window) ; compare window variables for equality
{
msgbox you got it
break
}
- else try again
} WinClose, % window return</lang>
BBC BASIC
<lang bbcbasic> SWP_NOMOVE = 2
SWP_NOZORDER = 4
SW_MAXIMIZE = 3
SW_MINIMIZE = 6
SW_RESTORE = 9
SW_HIDE = 0
SW_SHOW = 5
REM Store window handle in a variable:
myWindowHandle% = @hwnd%
PRINT "Hiding the window in two seconds..."
WAIT 200
SYS "ShowWindow", myWindowHandle%, SW_HIDE
WAIT 200
SYS "ShowWindow", myWindowHandle%, SW_SHOW
PRINT "Windows shown again."
PRINT "Minimizing the window in two seconds..."
WAIT 200
SYS "ShowWindow", myWindowHandle%, SW_MINIMIZE
WAIT 200
SYS "ShowWindow", myWindowHandle%, SW_RESTORE
PRINT "Maximizing the window in two seconds..."
WAIT 200
SYS "ShowWindow", myWindowHandle%, SW_MAXIMIZE
WAIT 200
SYS "ShowWindow", myWindowHandle%, SW_RESTORE
PRINT "Now restored to its normal size."
PRINT "Resizing the window in two seconds..."
WAIT 200
SYS "SetWindowPos", myWindowHandle%, 0, 0, 0, 400, 200, \
\ SWP_NOMOVE OR SWP_NOZORDER
PRINT "Closing the window in two seconds..."
WAIT 200
QUIT</lang>
in
{Window show}
Window
end
%% Adds two methods to a toplevel instance.
%% For maximize and restore we have to interact directly with Tk
%% because that functionality is not part of the QTk library.
fun {Extend Toplevel}
proc {$ A}
case A of maximize then
{Tk.send wm(state Toplevel zoomed)}
[] restore then
{Tk.send wm(state Toplevel normal)}
else
{Toplevel A}
end
end
end
%% Returns the current entry of a listbox
%% as an Oz value.
fun {GetSelected LB}
Entries = {LB get($)}
Index = {LB get(firstselection:$)}
in
{Compiler.virtualStringToValue {Nth Entries Index}}
end
fun {ValueToString V}
{Value.toVirtualString V 100 100}
end
in
{Record.forAll Windows CreateWindow}</lang>
Perl
This is a translation of the Tcl solution for this task.
The preferred way of using Tk with perl is through the (relatively modern) Tkx module, not the (quite old) Tk module (also known as perl/tk), which my code uses.
I wrote the code using the Tk module, as that's what I had on my computer, and I was too lazy to install Tkx. Translating from perl/tk to Tkx should be fairly trivial.
<lang Perl>#!perl use strict; use warnings; use Tk;
my $mw; my $win; my $lab;
- How to open a window.
sub openWin { if( $win ) { $win->deiconify; $win->wm('state', 'normal'); } else { eval { $win->destroy } if $win; $win = $mw->Toplevel; $win->Label(-text => "This is the window being manipulated") ->pack(-fill => 'both', -expand => 1); $lab->configure(-text => "The window object is:\n$win"); } }
- How to close a window
sub closeWin { return unless $win; $win->destroy; $lab->configure(-text => ); undef $win; }
- How to minimize a window
sub minimizeWin { return unless $win; $win->iconify; }
- How to maximize a window
sub maximizeWin { return unless $win; $win->wm('state', 'zoomed'); eval { $win->wmAttribute(-zoomed => 1) }; # Hack for X11 }
- How to move a window
sub moveWin { return unless $win; my ($x, $y) = $win->geometry() =~ /\+(\d+)\+(\d+)\z/ or die; $_ += 10 for $x, $y; $win->geometry("+$x+$y"); }
- How to resize a window
sub resizeWin { return unless $win; my ($w, $h) = $win->geometry() =~ /^(\d+)x(\d+)/ or die; $_ += 10 for $w, $h; $win->geometry($w . "x" . $h); }
$mw = MainWindow->new; for my $label0 ($mw->Label(-text => 'Window handle:')) { $lab = $mw->Label(-text => ); $label0->grid($lab); }
my @binit = ('Open/Restore' => \&openWin, Close => \&closeWin, Minimize => \&minimizeWin, Maximize => \&maximizeWin, Move => \&moveWin, Resize => \&resizeWin);
while( my ($text, $callback) = splice @binit, 0, 2 ) { $mw->Button(-text => $text, -command => $callback)->grid('-'); }
MainLoop();
__END__ </lang>
In the Tcl code I translated from, the second label of the main window had a textvariable attribute. For some reason, this didn't work correctly for me, either due to a bug in Tk.pm, or some other reason. Because of that, I kept around a handle to that second label ($lab), and called configure on it when I needed it's text to change.
Doubtless some more modern Tk binding (such as Tkx, or perhaps Tcl::Tk) would handle that better.
Phix
<lang Phix>-- -- demo\rosetta\Window_management.exw -- include pGUI.e
Ihandle dlg
function doFull(Ihandle /*ih*/)
IupSetAttribute(dlg,"FULLSCREEN","YES") return IUP_DEFAULT
end function
function doMax(Ihandle /*ih*/)
IupSetAttribute(dlg,"PLACEMENT","MAXIMIZED") -- this is a work-around to get the dialog minimised (on win platform) IupSetAttribute(dlg,"VISIBLE","YES") return IUP_DEFAULT
end function
function doMin(Ihandle /*ih*/)
IupSetAttribute(dlg,"PLACEMENT","MINIMIZED") -- this is a work-around to get the dialog minimised (on win platform) IupSetAttribute(dlg,"VISIBLE","YES") return IUP_DEFAULT
end function
function doRestore(Ihandle /*ih*/)
IupSetAttribute(dlg,"OPACITY","255") IupSetAttribute(dlg,"FULLSCREEN","NO") IupSetAttribute(dlg,"PLACEMENT","NORMAL") IupSetAttribute(dlg,"VISIBLE","YES") return IUP_DEFAULT
end function
function doDim(Ihandle /*ih*/)
IupSetAttribute(dlg,"OPACITY","60") return IUP_DEFAULT
end function
function doShow(Ihandle /*ih*/)
IupSetAttribute(dlg,"OPACITY","255") return IUP_DEFAULT
end function
function doMove(Ihandle /*ih*/)
integer {x,y} = IupGetIntInt(dlg,"SCREENPOSITION")
integer shift = iff(IupGetInt(NULL,"SHIFTKEY")?-10,+10)
IupShowXY(dlg,x+shift,y+shift)
return IUP_DEFAULT
end function
procedure main()
IupOpen()
Ihandle hbox = IupHbox({IupButton("restore", Icallback("doRestore")),
IupButton("full screen",Icallback("doFull")),
IupButton("maximize", Icallback("doMax")),
IupButton("minimize", Icallback("doMin")),
IupButton("dim", Icallback("doDim")),
IupButton("show", Icallback("doShow")),
IupButton("move", Icallback("doMove"))})
IupSetAttribute(hbox,"MARGIN", "10x10")
IupSetAttribute(hbox,"PADDING", "5x5")
dlg = IupDialog(hbox)
IupSetAttribute(dlg,"OPACITY","255")
IupShowXY(dlg,IUP_CENTER,IUP_CENTER)
IupMainLoop()
IupClose()
end procedure main()</lang>
PicoLisp
The following works on ErsatzLisp, the Java version of PicoLisp. <lang PicoLisp>$ ersatz/pil +
- (setq
JFrame "javax.swing.JFrame" MAXIMIZED_BOTH (java (public JFrame 'MAXIMIZED_BOTH)) ICONIFIED (java (public JFrame 'ICONIFIED)) Win (java JFrame T "Window") )
-> $JFrame
- Compare for equality
- (== Win Win)
-> T
- Set window visible
(java Win 'setLocation 100 100) (java Win 'setSize 400 300) (java Win 'setVisible T)
- Hide window
(java Win 'hide)
- Show again
(java Win 'setVisible T)
- Move window
(java Win 'setLocation 200 200)
- Iconify window
(java Win 'setExtendedState
(| (java (java Win 'getExtendedState)) ICONIFIED) )
- De-conify window
(java Win 'setExtendedState
(& (java (java Win 'getExtendedState)) (x| (hex "FFFFFFFF") ICONIFIED)) )
- Maximize window
(java Win 'setExtendedState
(| (java (java Win 'getExtendedState)) MAXIMIZED_BOTH) )
- Close window
(java Win 'dispose)</lang>
PureBasic
<lang PureBasic>;- Create a linked list to store created windows. NewList Windows() Define i, j, dh, dw, flags, err$, x, y
- - Used sub-procedure to simplify the error handling
Procedure HandleError(Result, Text.s,ErrorLine=0,ExitCode=0)
If Not Result
MessageRequester("Error",Text)
End ExitCode
EndIf
ProcedureReturn Result
EndProcedure
- - Window handling procedures
Procedure Minimize(window)
SetWindowState(window,#PB_Window_Minimize)
EndProcedure
Procedure Normalize(window)
SetWindowState(window,#PB_Window_Normal)
EndProcedure
- - Get enviroment data
HandleError(ExamineDesktops(), "Failed to examine you Desktop.") dh=HandleError(DesktopHeight(0),"Could not retrieve DesktopHight")/3 dw=HandleError(DesktopWidth(0), "Could not retrieve DesktopWidth")/3
- - Now, creating 9 windows
flags=#PB_Window_SystemMenu err$="Failed to open Window" For i=0 To 8
j=HandleError(OpenWindow(#PB_Any,i*10,i*10+30,10,10,Str(i),flags),err$) SmartWindowRefresh(j, 1) AddElement(Windows()) Windows()=j
Next i Delay(1000)
- - Call a sub-routine for each Window stored in the list.
ForEach Windows()
Minimize(Windows())
Next Delay(1000)
- - and again
ForEach Windows()
Normalize(Windows())
Next Delay(1000)
- - Spread them evenly
ForEach Windows()
ResizeWindow(Windows(),x*dw,y*dh,dw-15,dh-35) x+1 If x>2 x=0: y+1 EndIf
Next Delay(2000)
End</lang>
Python
Using the tkinter GUI: <lang Python> from tkinter import * import tkinter.messagebox
def maximise(): """get screenwidth and screenheight, and resize window to that size. Also move to 0,0""" root.geometry("{}x{}+{}+{}".format(root.winfo_screenwidth(), root.winfo_screenheight(), 0, 0))
def minimise(): """Iconify window to the taskbar. When reopened, the window is unfortunately restored to its original state, NOT its most recent state.""" root.iconify()
def delete(): """create a modal dialog. If answer is "OK", quit the program""" if tkinter.messagebox.askokcancel("OK/Cancel","Are you sure?"): root.quit()
root = Tk()
mx=Button(root,text="maximise",command=maximise) mx.grid() mx.bind(maximise)
mn=Button(root,text="minimise",command=minimise) mn.grid() mn.bind(minimise)
- catch exit events, including "X" on title bar.
root.protocol("WM_DELETE_WINDOW",delete)
mainloop() </lang>
Racket
<lang racket>
- lang racket/gui
(define (say . xs) (printf ">>> ~a\n" (apply ~a xs)) (flush-output))
(define frame (new frame% [label "Demo"] [width 400] [height 400])) (say "frame = " frame) ; plain value
(say 'Show) (send frame show #t) (sleep 1) (say 'Hide) (send frame show #f) (sleep 1) (say 'Show) (send frame show #t) (sleep 1) (say 'Minimize) (send frame iconize #t) (sleep 1) (say 'Restore) (send frame iconize #f) (sleep 1) (say 'Maximize) (send frame maximize #t) (sleep 1) (say 'Restore) (send frame maximize #f) (sleep 1) (say 'Move) (send frame move 100 100) (sleep 1) (say 'Resize) (send frame resize 100 100) (sleep 1) (say 'Close) (send frame show #f) (sleep 1) ; that's how we close a window </lang>
Ring
<lang ring>
Load "guilib.ring"
/*
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------- + Program Name : ScreenDrawOnReSize.ring + Date : 2016.06.16 + Author : Bert Mariani + Purpose : Re-Draw Chart after ReSize or move +--------------------------------------------------------------------------
- /
- -------------------------------
- DRAW CHART size 1000 x 1000
- ------------------------------
- Window Size
WinLeft = 80 ### 80 Window position on screen
WinTop = 80 ### 80 Window position on screen
WinWidth = 1000 ### 1000 Window Size - Horizontal-X WinWidth
WinHeight = 750 ### 750 Window Size - Vertical-Y WinHeight
WinRight = WinLeft + WinWidth ### 1080
WinBottom = WinTop + WinHeight ### 830
- Label Box Size
BoxLeft = 40 ### Start corner Label1 Box Start Position inside WIN1 BoxTop = 40 ### Start corner BoxWidth = WinWidth -80 ### End corner Label1 Box Size BoxHeight = WinHeight -80 ### End corner
- ----------------------------
New qapp {
win1 = new qwidget() {
### Position and Size of WINDOW on the Screen
setwindowtitle("DrawChart using QPainter")
setgeometry( WinLeft, WinTop, WinWidth, WinHeight)
win1{ setwindowtitle("Initial Window Position: " +" L " + WinLeft +" T " + WinTop +" Width" + width() +" Height " + height() ) }
### ReSizeEvent ... Call WhereAreWe function
myfilter = new qallevents(win1)
myfilter.setResizeEvent("WhereAreWe()")
installeventfilter(myfilter)
### Draw within this BOX
label1 = new qlabel(win1) {
setgeometry(BoxLeft, BoxTop, BoxWidth, BoxHeight)
settext("We are Here")
}
### Button Position and Size ... Call DRAW function
new qpushbutton(win1) {
setgeometry( 30, 30, 80, 20)
settext("Draw")
setclickevent("Draw()")
}
###---------------
show()
}
exec()
}
- -----------------
- FUNCTION Draw
- -----------------
Func WhereAreWe
Rec = win1.framegeometry()
WinWidth = win1.width() ### 1000 Current Values
WinHeight = win1.height() ### 750
WinLeft = Rec.left() +8 ### <<< QT FIX because of Win Title
WinTop = Rec.top() +30 ### <<< QT FIX because of Win Title
WinRight = Rec.right()
WinBottom = Rec.bottom()
BoxWidth = WinWidth -80 ### 950
BoxHeight = WinHeight -80 ### 700
win1{ setwindowtitle("Window ReSize: Win " + WinWidth + "x" + WinHeight + " --- Box " + BoxWidth + "x" + BoxHeight +
" --- LT " + WinLeft + "-" + WinTop + " --- RB " + WinRight + "-" + WinBottom ) }
See "We Are Here - setResizeEvent - "
See " Win " + WinWidth + "x" + WinHeight + " --- Box " + BoxWidth + "x" + BoxHeight
See " --- LT " + Winleft + "-" + WinTop + " --- RB " + WinRight + "-" + WinBottom +nl
win1.setgeometry( WinLeft, WinTop, WinWidth, WinHeight )
label1.setgeometry( BoxLeft, BoxTop, BoxWidth, BoxHeight )
return
Func Draw
win1{ setwindowtitle("Draw Position: Win " + WinWidth + "x" + WinHeight + " --- Box " + BoxWidth + "x" + BoxHeight +
" --- LT " + WinLeft + "-" + WinTop + " --- RB " + WinRight + "-" + WinBottom ) }
See "Draw Position: " + WinWidth + "x" + WinHeight + " --- Box " + BoxWidth + "x" + BoxHeight +
" --- LT " + WinLeft + "-" + WinTop + " --- RB " + WinRight + "-" + WinBottom + nl
# ##-----------------------------
### PEN Colors
p1 = new qpicture()
colorBlue = new qcolor() { setrgb(0, 0,255,255) }
penBlue = new qpen() { setcolor(colorBlue) setwidth(1) }
###-----------------------
### PAINT the Chart
new qpainter() {
begin(p1)
setpen(penBlue)
###---------------------
### Draw Line Chart
drawline( 1 , 1 , BoxWidth , 1 ) ### WinTop line horizonal
drawline( 1 , 1 , 1 , BoxHeight ) ### WinLeft Line vetical
drawline( 1 , BoxHeight , BoxWidth , BoxHeight ) ### Bottom Line horizontal
drawline( BoxWidth , 1 , BoxWidth , BoxHeight ) ### WinRight Line vertical
drawline( BoxWidth / 2 , 1 , BoxWidth / 2 , BoxHeight ) ### Central vertical
drawline( 1 , BoxHeight / 2 , BoxWidth , BoxHeight / 2 ) ### Central horizontal
###--------------------------------------------------
endpaint()
}
label1 { setpicture(p1) show() }
return
- --------------------------------------------
</lang>
Tcl
<lang tcl>package require Tk
- How to open a window
proc openWin {} {
global win
if {[info exists win] && [winfo exists $win]} {
# Already existing; just reset
wm deiconify $win
wm state $win normal
return
}
catch {destroy $win} ;# Squelch the old one
set win [toplevel .t]
pack [label $win.label -text "This is the window being manipulated"] \
-fill both -expand 1
}
- How to close a window
proc closeWin {} {
global win
if {[info exists win] && [winfo exists $win]} {
destroy $win
}
}
- How to minimize a window
proc minimizeWin {} {
global win
if {[info exists win] && [winfo exists $win]} {
wm state $win iconic
}
}
- How to maximize a window
proc maximizeWin {} {
global win
if {[info exists win] && [winfo exists $win]} {
wm state $win zoomed
catch {wm attribute $win -zoomed 1} ;# Hack for X11
}
}
- How to move a window
proc moveWin {} {
global win
if {[info exists win] && [winfo exists $win]} {
scan [wm geometry $win] "%dx%d+%d+%d" width height x y
wm geometry $win +[incr x 10]+[incr y 10]
}
}
- How to resize a window
proc resizeWin {} {
global win
if {[info exists win] && [winfo exists $win]} {
scan [wm geometry $win] "%dx%d+%d+%d" width height x y
wm geometry $win [incr width 10]x[incr height 10]
}
}
grid [label .l -text "Window handle:"] [label .l2 -textvariable win] grid [button .b1 -text "Open/Reset" -command openWin] - grid [button .b2 -text "Close" -command closeWin] - grid [button .b3 -text "Minimize" -command minimizeWin] - grid [button .b4 -text "Maximize" -command maximizeWin] - grid [button .b5 -text "Move" -command moveWin] - grid [button .b6 -text "Resize" -command resizeWin] -</lang>