Video display modes: Difference between revisions

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=={{header|Raku}}==
=={{header|Raku}}==
(formerly Perl 6)
(formerly Perl 6)
Perl 6 runs on several different operating systems over many different architectures so can not easily assume direct control over hardware. Instead, like most modern programming languages, it relies on the current OS and windowing system to provide APIs.
Raku runs on several different operating systems over many different architectures so can not easily assume direct control over hardware. Instead, like most modern programming languages, it relies on the current OS and windowing system to provide APIs.


Here is an example which will work for most Debian based Linuxs (and probably others) running some variant of X11 with a single active monitor.
Here is an example which will work for most Debian based Linuxs (and probably others) running some variant of X11 with a single active monitor.

Revision as of 16:16, 15 March 2020

Task
Video display modes
You are encouraged to solve this task according to the task description, using any language you may know.

The task is to demonstrate how to switch video display modes within the language. A brief description of the supported video modes would be useful.

Applesoft BASIC

There are ten possible modes: 

TEXT, page 1, 40 x 24
GR, page 1, 40 x 40, 16 colors, mixed with four lines of text
HGR, page 1, 280 x 160, 6 colors, mixed with four lines of text
HGR2, page 2, 280 x 192, 6 colors, full screen
text, page 2, 40 x 24
gr, page 1, 40 x 48, 16 colors, full screen
gr, page 2, 40 x 40, 16 colors, mixed with four lines of text 
gr, page 2, 40 x 48, 16 colors, full screen
hgr, page 1, 280 x 192, 6 colors, full screen
hgr, page 2, 280 x 160, 6 colors, mixed with four lines of text

<lang ApplesoftBasic>10 GR 20 FOR I = 0 TO 15 : COLOR = I : PLOT I,I : NEXT 30 HGR 40 FOR I = 1 TO 6 : HCOLOR = I : HPLOT I * 2, I TO I * 2 + 1, I : NEXT 50 TEXT 60 HOME : FOR I = 0 TO 7 : VTAB I + 1 : FOR J = 0 TO 31 : POKE PEEK(40) + PEEK(41) * 256 + 4 + J, I * 32 + J : NEXT J, I 70 HGR2 80 FOR I = 1 TO 6 : HCOLOR = I : HPLOT I * 2, I + 6 TO I * 2 + 1, I + 6 : NEXT 90 TEXT 100 GET A$ 110 IF A$ = "H" THEN POKE -16297,0 : REM HI-RESOLUTION 120 IF A$ = "L" THEN POKE -16298,0 : REM LO-RESOLUTION 130 IF A$ = "2" THEN POKE -16299,0 : REM PAGE 2 140 IF A$ = "1" THEN POKE -16300,0 : REM PAGE 1 150 IF A$ = "M" THEN POKE -16301,0 : REM MIXED TEXT 160 IF A$ = "F" THEN POKE -16302,0 : REM FULL SCREEN 170 IF A$ = "T" THEN POKE -16303,0 : REM TEXT 180 IF A$ = "G" THEN POKE -16304,0 : REM GRAPHICS 190 IF A$ <> "Q" THEN 100 200 TEXT</lang>

BBC BASIC

<lang bbcbasic>10 MODE 1: REM 320x256 4 colour graphics</lang>

ERRE

ERRE language (for PC) supports these modes (accessible with SCREEN procedure of PC.LIB library):

  • SCREEN(0) => text 80x25 or 40x25 -- standard
  • SCREEN(1) => 320x200 4 colors
  • SCREEN(2) => 640x200 2 colors
  • SCREEN(7) => 320x200 16 colors
  • SCREEN(8) => 640x200 16 colors
  • SCREEN(9) => 640x350 16 colors
  • SCREEN(10) => 640x350 for MDA monitors (if you have one .....)

It's possible to activate all VGA and SVGA modes using DOS interrupts. On the distribution disk there is an example to activate 320x200 - 256 colors.

ERRE language (for C-64) support high resolution graphic (320x200) using HGR.LIB library.

Go

Translation of: UNIX Shell
Works with: Ubuntu 16.04

<lang go>package main

import ( 

   "fmt"
   "log"
   "os/exec"
   "time"

)

func main() { 

   // query supported display modes
   out, err := exec.Command("xrandr", "-q").Output()
   if err != nil {
       log.Fatal(err)
   }
   fmt.Println(string(out))
   time.Sleep(3 * time.Second)

   // change display mode to 1024x768 say (no text output)
   err = exec.Command("xrandr", "-s", "1024x768").Run()
   if err != nil {
       log.Fatal(err)
   }
   time.Sleep(3 * time.Second)

   // change it back again to 1366x768 (or whatever is optimal for your system)
   err = exec.Command("xrandr", "-s", "1366x768").Run()
   if err != nil {
       log.Fatal(err)
   }

}</lang>

Output:
Screen 0: minimum 8 x 8, current 1366 x 768, maximum 32767 x 32767
eDP1 connected primary 1366x768+0+0 (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) 344mm x 193mm
   1366x768      60.00*+  48.01  
   1360x768      59.80    59.96  
   1280x720      60.00  
   1024x768      60.00  
   1024x576      60.00  
   960x540       60.00  
   800x600       60.32    56.25  
   864x486       60.00  
   640x480       59.94  
   720x405       60.00  
   680x384       60.00  
   640x360       60.00  
DP1 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)
DP2 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)
HDMI1 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)
HDMI2 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)
VIRTUAL1 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)

Groovy

Translation of: Kotlin
Works with: Ubuntu 14.04

<lang groovy>def invoke(String cmd) { println(cmd.execute().text) }

invoke("xrandr -q") Thread.sleep(3000)

invoke("xrandr -s 1024x768") Thread.sleep(3000)

invoke("xrandr -s 1366x768")</lang>

Output:
Screen 0: minimum 640 x 480, current 5080 x 1898, maximum 5080 x 1920
default connected 5080x1898+0+0 0mm x 0mm
   2880x1800     60.00  
   1440x900      60.00  
   2560x1600     60.00  
   2048x1280     60.00  
   1024x768      60.00  
   800x600       60.00  
   640x480       60.00  
   1680x1050     60.00  
   1280x800      60.00  
   5080x1898      1.00* 
   5080x1920      2.00

GW-BASIC

This example is wrong! GWBASIC can use ONLY EGA-Graphic until SCREEN 9 (640 x 350 - 16 colors) with color monitor or SCREEN 10 (640 x 350 - 2 "colors") for monochrome monitor. GWBASIC version used: 3.23

<lang gwbasic>10 REM GW Basic can switch VGA modes 20 SCREEN 18: REM Mode 12h 640x480 16 colour graphics</lang>

Icon and Unicon

The following works in both languages on X-windows based systems and assume xrandr is installed:

Translation of: UNIX Shell

<lang unicon>procedure main(A) 

   mode := A[1]
   if \mode then system("xrandr -s " || \mode || " >/dev/null")
   else system("xrandr -q")    # Display available modes

end</lang>

Output with no arguments: 

->vdm
Screen 0: minimum 8 x 8, current 3840 x 1200, maximum 8192 x 8192
DVI-I-0 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)
VGA-0 connected 1920x1200+0+0 (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) 518mm x 324mm
   1920x1200      60.0*+
   1600x1200      75.0     70.0     65.0     60.0  
   1280x1024      75.0     60.0  
   1280x960       60.0  
   1152x864       75.0  
   1024x768       75.0     70.1     60.0  
   800x600        75.0     72.2     60.3     56.2  
   640x480        75.0     72.8     59.9  
TV-0 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)
DVI-I-1 connected 1920x1200+1920+0 (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) 518mm x 324mm
   1920x1200      60.0*+
   1680x1050      60.0  
   1600x1200      60.0  
   1280x1024      75.0     60.0  
   1280x960       75.0  
   1024x768       75.0     60.0  
   800x600        75.0     60.3  
   640x480        75.0     59.9  
->

Julia

Translation of: Phix

<lang julia> if Base.Sys.islinux() 

   run(`xrandr -s 640x480`)
   sleep(3)
   run(`xrandr -s 1280x960`)

else # windows 

   run(`mode CON: COLS=40 LINES=100`)
   sleep(3)
   run(`mode CON: COLS=100 LINES=50`)

end </lang>

Kotlin

Translation of: UNIX Shell
Works with: Ubuntu 14.04

<lang scala>// version 1.1.51

import java.util.Scanner

fun runSystemCommand(command: String) { 

   val proc = Runtime.getRuntime().exec(command)
   Scanner(proc.inputStream).use {
       while (it.hasNextLine()) println(it.nextLine())
   }
   proc.waitFor()
   println()

}

fun main(args: Array<String>) { 

   // query supported display modes  
   runSystemCommand("xrandr -q")
   Thread.sleep(3000)

   // change display mode to 1024x768 say (no text output)
   runSystemCommand("xrandr -s 1024x768")
   Thread.sleep(3000)

   // change it back again to 1366x768 (or whatever is optimal for your system)
   runSystemCommand("xrandr -s 1366x768")

}</lang>

Output:
Screen 0: minimum 320 x 200, current 1366 x 768, maximum 32767 x 32767
eDP1 connected primary 1366x768+0+0 (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) 344mm x 193mm
   1366x768       60.0*+   48.0  
   1360x768       59.8     60.0  
   1024x768       60.0  
   800x600        60.3     56.2  
   640x480        59.9  
HDMI1 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)
DP1 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)
HDMI2 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)
HDMI3 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)
DP2 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)
VIRTUAL1 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)

Locomotive Basic

The Amstrad CPC464 supports three video modes:

  • Mode 0 - Graphics: 160x200 Text: 20x25 Colours: 16
  • Mode 1 - Graphics: 320x200 Text: 40x25 Colours: 4
  • Mode 2 - Graphics: 640x200 Text: 80x25 Colours: 2

Note that text can be displayed using conventional means in all display modes. <lang locobasic>10 MODE 0: REM switch to mode 0</lang>

Perl

Same caveats as with Raku.

Translation of: Raku

<lang perl>$| = 1;

my @info = `xrandr -q`; $info[0] =~ /current (\d+) x (\d+)/; my $current = "$1x$2";

my @resolutions; for (@info) { 

   push @resolutions, $1 if /^\s+(\d+x\d+)/

}

system("xrandr -s $resolutions[-1]"); print "Current resolution $resolutions[-1].\n"; for (reverse 1 .. 9) { 

   print "\rChanging back in $_ seconds...";
   sleep 1;

} system("xrandr -s $current"); print "\rResolution returned to $current.\n";</lang>

Phix

<lang Phix>if platform()=LINUX then 

   {} = system_exec("xrandr -s 640x480")
   sleep(3)
   {} = system_exec("xrandr -s 1280x960")

else -- WINDOWS 

   puts(1,"") -- (ensure console exists)
   system("mode CON: COLS=40 LINES=25")
   sleep(3)
   system("mode CON: COLS=80 LINES=25")

end if</lang> Obviously running xrandr -q or mode -? will tell you more.

Python

Library: win32api
Library: win32con
Library: win32pywintypes

This program changes the resolution the screen is running at to 640x480. <lang python>import win32api import win32con import pywintypes devmode=pywintypes.DEVMODEType() devmode.PelsWidth=640 devmode.PelsHeight=480 devmode.Fields=win32con.DM_PELSWIDTH | win32con.DM_PELSHEIGHT win32api.ChangeDisplaySettings(devmode,0)</lang>

QBasic

This example is wrong! QBASIC can use EGA/VGA Graphics until SCREEN 13 (320x200 - 256 colors) or SCREEN 12 (640x480 - 16 colors).QBASIC version used: 1.1 <lang qbasic>'QBasic can switch VGA modes SCREEN 18 'Mode 12h 640x480 16 colour graphics</lang>

Raku

(formerly Perl 6) Raku runs on several different operating systems over many different architectures so can not easily assume direct control over hardware. Instead, like most modern programming languages, it relies on the current OS and windowing system to provide APIs.

Here is an example which will work for most Debian based Linuxs (and probably others) running some variant of X11 with a single active monitor.

Works with: Rakudo version 2018.05

<lang perl6>my @info = QX('xrandr -q').lines;

@info[0] ~~ /<?after 'current '>(\d+) ' x ' (\d+)/; my $current = "$0x$1";

my @resolutions; @resolutions.push: $0 if $_ ~~ /^\s+(\d+'x'\d+)/ for @info;

QX("xrandr -s @resolutions[*-1]"); say "Current resolution {@resolutions[*-1]}."; for 9 ... 1 { 

   print "\rChanging back in $_ seconds...";
   sleep 1;

} QX("xrandr -s $current"); say "\rResolution returned to {$current}. ";</lang>

REXX

This method only works in DOS prompt either under (native) DOS or Microsoft WINDOWS.

DOS (under Microsoft Windows) will support:

  • columns   of   11 ──> 32,766   (inclusive)
  • lines         of   1 ──> 32,766   (inclusive)

version 1: no checking for which OS

<lang rexx>/*REXX program to switch video display modes based on columns and lines.*/

parse arg cols lines . 'MODE' "CON: COLS="cols 'LINES='lines 

                                      /*stick a fork in it, we're done.*/</lang>

version 2: checks for which OS

The prologue code (at the bottom of the program) is a collection of some general-purpose subroutines which determine:

  • which environment (operating system) the REXX interpreter is running under
  • if Windows/NT/XP/Vista/7/8 (the NT family) is running
  • which REXX is being executed
  • what literal to use to obtain the environmental variables (for the value bif)
  • what the fileName, fileType/fileExt, fileMode/path is of the REXX program
  • which command to use to clear the terminal screen
  • invokes $H to show general documentation (1st and only arg = ?)
  • invokes $H to show a flow diagram (1st and only arg = ?FLOW)
  • invokes $H to show sample uses (1st and only arg = ?SAMPLE)
  • invokes $H to show the author & contact info (1st and only arg = ?AUTHOR)

All the prologue was left intact to give a general feel of the scope of the boilerplate code. The prologue code is in many REXX programs and it's easier to keep them on one line for copying purposes and sorting. <lang rexx>/*REXX program to switch video display modes based on columns and lines.*/ parse arg !; if !all() then exit /*exit if documentation specified*/ if \!dos & \!os2 then exit /*if this isn't DOS, then exit. */

parse arg cols lines . 'MODE' "CON: COLS="cols 'LINES='lines

exit /*stick a fork in it, we're done.*/ /*══════════════════════════════════general 1-line subs═════════════════*/ !all:!!=!;!=space(!);upper !;call !fid;!nt=right(!var('OS'),2)=='NT';!cls=word('CLS VMFCLEAR CLRSCREEN',1+!cms+!tso*2);if arg(1)\==1 then return 0;if wordpos(!,'? ?SAMPLES ?AUTHOR ?FLOW')==0 then return 0;!call=']$H';call '$H' !fn !;!call=;return 1 !cal:if symbol('!CALL')\=="VAR" then !call=;return !call !env:!env='ENVIRONMENT';if !sys=='MSDOS'|!brexx|!r4|!roo then !env='SYSTEM';if !os2 then !env='OS2'!env;!ebcdic=1=='f0'x;return !fid:parse upper source !sys !fun !fid . 1 . . !fn !ft !fm .;call !sys;if !dos then do;_=lastpos('\',!fn);!fm=left(!fn,_);!fn=substr(!fn,_+1);parse var !fn !fn '.' !ft;end;return word(0 !fn !ft !fm,1+('0'arg(1))) !rex:parse upper version !ver !vernum !verdate .;!brexx='BY'==!vernum;!kexx='KEXX'==!ver;!pcrexx='REXX/PERSONAL'==!ver|'REXX/PC'==!ver;!r4='REXX-R4'==!ver;!regina='REXX-REGINA'==left(!ver,11);!roo='REXX-ROO'==!ver;call !env;return !sys:!cms=!sys=='CMS';!os2=!sys=='OS2';!tso=!sys=='TSO'|!sys=='MVS';!vse=!sys=='VSE';!dos=pos('DOS',!sys)\==0|pos('WIN',!sys)\==0|!sys=='CMD';call !rex;return !var:call !fid;if !kexx then return space(dosenv(arg(1)));return space(value(arg(1),,!env))</lang>

Ring

<lang ring> system("mode 40, 25") </lang>

Scala

Translation of: UNIX Shell
Works with: Ubuntu 14.04

<lang scala>object VideoDisplayModes extends App { 

 import java.util.Scanner

 def runSystemCommand(command: String) {
   val proc = Runtime.getRuntime.exec(command)

   val a: Unit = {
     val a = new Scanner(proc.getInputStream)
     while (a.hasNextLine) println(a.nextLine())
   }
   proc.waitFor()
   println()
 }

 // query supported display modes
 runSystemCommand("xrandr -q")
 Thread.sleep(3000)

 // change display mode to 1024x768 say (no text output)
 runSystemCommand("xrandr -s 1024x768")
 Thread.sleep(3000)

 // change it back again to 1366x768 (or whatever is optimal for your system)
 runSystemCommand("xrandr -s 1366x768")

}</lang>

smart BASIC

GRAPHICS switches to graphics view (as opposed to text view).

GRAPHICS MODE X sets graphics commands compositing mode to X, where X is one of the following modes:

CLEAR, COLOR, COLORBURN, COLORDODGE, COPY, DARKEN, DESTATOP, DESTIN, DESTOUT, DESTOVER, DIFFERENCE, EXCLUSION, HARDLIGHT, HUE, LIGHTEN, LUMINOSITY, MULTIPLY, NORMAL (default), OVERLAY, PLUSDARKER, PLUSLIGHTER, SATURATION, SCREEN, SOFTLIGHT, SOURCEATOP, SOURCEIN, SOURCEOUT, XOR.

EXAMPLE: <lang qbasic>GRAPHICS FILL RECT 50,50 SIZE 50 GRAPHICS MODE CLEAR FILL RECT 50,50 SIZE 25</lang>

UNIX Shell

If the system runs X11 and supports XRANDR, then <lang bash>$ xrandr -q</lang> lists the available modes, and <lang bash>$ xrandr -s 1024x768</lang> sets the screen to the given size.

With modern LCD monitors, this feature is not very useful. These monitors have a single best mode, and the X server discovers and uses that mode by default. Smaller screen modes might work, but make a blurry picture.

XPL0

<lang XPL0>code SetVid=45; SetVid(Mode)</lang> Any display mode supported by the IBM-PC-compatible hardware and by the VGA or VESA standards can be enabled by calling the SetVid intrinsic routine. This works without problem on computers booted into DOS and under versions of Windows up until XP. DOSBox[1] gets around most of the incompatibilities introduced by WinXP and later versions.

Example display modes: 

$03 - CGA 80x25 text in 16 colors (x4)
$12 - VGA 640x480x4 graphics
$13 - VGA 320x200x8
$101 - VESA 640x480x8
$118 - VESA 1024x768x24

On modern LCD displays (as opposed to older CRT monitors) images can look terrible if the selected mode does not match the native resolution of the LCD.

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