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{{collection|Sudoku}}
 
==[[REXX: Version 1]]==
=== REXX version 1 ===
This is the   '''$SUDOKU.REX'''   (REXX) program and is used to solve the Rosetta Code task of "sudoku".
This is the <code>$SUDOKU.REX</code> (REXX) program and is used to solve the Rosetta Code task of "sudoku".
<br><br>This REXX program was originally written to assist in sudoku puzzle solving (by giving strong hints), and not to solve the puzzle outright.
 
<br>The REXX program was written to give increasing better hints and also show the possibilities (of what is possible solution for any cell),
This REXX program was originally written to assist in sudoku puzzle solving (by giving strong hints), and not to solve the puzzle outright.
 
The REXX program was written to give increasing better hints and also show the possibilities (of what is possible solution for any cell),
<br>and to partially solve the puzzle using distinct strategies (separately or in combination). &nbsp; One option is to solve the puzzle.
 
<br><br>The help for the &nbsp; '''$SUDOKU''' &nbsp; REXX program is included here ──► [[Sudoku/REXX#REXX_Version_1_Help]].
The help for the <code>$SUDOKU</code> REXX program is included here ───► [[$SUDOKU.HEL]].
<br>The &nbsp; '''$SUDOKU.REX''' &nbsp; REXX program makes use of &nbsp; '''$ERR.REX''' &nbsp; REXX program which is used to display error messages (via &nbsp; '''$T.REX''').
 
<br>The &nbsp; '''$ERR.REX''' &nbsp; REXX program is included here ──► [[Sudoku/REXX#REXX_Version_1_Errors]].
<br>The &nbsp; '''<code>$SUDOKU.REX''' &nbsp;</code> REXX program makes use of &nbsp; '''<code>$TERR.REX''' &nbsp;</code> REXX program which is used to display texterror messages (via '''$T.REX''').
 
<br>The &nbsp; '''$T.REX''' &nbsp; REXX program is included here ──► [[Sudoku/REXX#REXX_Version_1_Messages]].
The <code>$ERR.REX</code> REXX program is included here ───► [[$ERR.REX]].
<br>Some older REXXes don't have a &nbsp; '''changestr''' &nbsp; BIF, so one is included here ──► [[Sudoku/REXX#REXX_CHANGESTR_function]].
 
<br>REXX programs not included are &nbsp; '''$H''' &nbsp; which shows '''help''' and other documentation.
The <code>$SUDOKU.REX</code> REXX program makes use of <code>$T.REX</code> REXX program which is used to display text messages.
<lang rexx>/*REXX program displays, can give hints, and/or solve a sudoku puzzle. */
 
The <code>$T.REX</code> REXX program is included here ───► [[$T.REX]].
 
Some older REXXes don't have a &nbsp; '''changestr''' &nbsp; BIF, so one is included here ───► [[CHANGESTR.REX]].
 
REXX programs ''not'' included are <code>$H</code> which shows/displays '''help''' and other documentation.
<syntaxhighlight lang="rexx">
/*REXX program displays, can give hints, and/or solve a sudoku puzzle. */
trace off
parse arg !
Line 770 ⟶ 781:
return foundmatch
 
/*────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
/*═════════════════════════════general 1-line subs════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════*/
commas: procedure; parse arg _; n=_'.9'; #=123456789; b=verify(n,#,"M")
!all:!!=!;!=space(!);upper !;call !fid;!nt=right(!var('OS'),2)=='NT';!cls=word('CLS VMFCLEAR CLRSCREEN',1+!cms+!tso*2);if arg(1)\==1 then return 0;if wordpos(!,'? ?SAMPLES ?AUTHOR ?FLOW')==0 then return 0;!call=']$H';call '$H' !fn !;!call=;return 1
e=verify(n,#'0',,verify(n,#"0.",'M'))-4
!cal: if symbol('!CALL')\=="VAR" then !call=; return !call
do j=e to b by -3; _=insert(',',_,j); end /*j*/; return _
/*═════════════════════════════general 1-line subs══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════*/
!all: !!=!;!=space(!);upper !;call !fid;!nt=right(!var('OS'),2)=='NT';!cls=word('CLS VMFCLEAR CLRSCREEN',1+!cms+!tso*2);if arg(1)\==1 then return 0;if wordpos(!,'? ?SAMPLES ?AUTHOR ?FLOW')==0 then return 0;!call=']$H';call '$H' !fn !;!call=;return 1
!cal: if symbol('!CALL')\=="VAR" then !call=; return !call
!env: !env='ENVIRONMENT'; if !sys=='MSDOS' | !brexx | !r4 | !roo then !env='SYSTEM'; if !os2 then !env='OS2'!env; !ebcdic=1=='f0'x; if !crx then !env='DOS'; return
!fid: parse upper source !sys !fun !fid . 1 . . !fn !ft !fm .; call !sys; if !dos then do; _=lastpos('\',!fn); !fm=left(!fn,_); !fn=substr(!fn,_+1); parse var !fn !fn '.' !ft; end; return word(0 !fn !ft !fm,1+('0'arg(1)))
!rex: parse upper version !ver !vernum !verdate .; !brexx='BY'==!vernum; !kexx='KEXX'==!ver; !pcrexx='REXX/PERSONAL'==!ver | 'REXX/PC'==!ver; !r4='REXX-R4'==!ver; !regina='REXX-REGINA'==left(!ver,11); !roo='REXX-ROO'==!ver; call !env; return
!sys: !cms=!sys=='CMS'; !os2=!sys=='OS2'; !tso=!sys=='TSO' | !sys=='MVS'; !vse=!sys=='VSE'; !dos=pos('DOS',!sys)\==0 | pos('WIN',!sys)\==0 | !sys=='CMD'; !crx=left(!sys,6)=='DOSCRX'; call !rex; return
Line 784 ⟶ 799:
$sfxm: parse arg z; arg w; b=1000; if right(w,1)=='I' then do; z=shorten(z); w=z; upper w; b=1024; end; p=pos(right(w,1),'KMGTPEZYXWVU'); if p==0 then return arg(1); n=shorten(z); r=num(n,f,1); if isNum(r) then return r*b**p; return arg(1)
$sfxz: return $sfxa($sfxa($sfxa($sfxa($sfxa($sfxa(y,'PAIRs',2),'DOZens',12),'SCore',20),'GREATGRoss',1728),'GRoss',144),'GOOGOLs',1e100)
$t: if tops=='' then say arg(1); else do; !call=']$T'; call "$T" tops arg(1); !call=; end; return
ab: arg ab,abl; return abbrev(ab,_,abl)
abb: arg abbu; parse arg abb; return abbrev(abbu,_,abbl(abb))
Line 790 ⟶ 805:
abbn: parse arg abbn; return abb(abbn) | abb('NO'abbn)
abn: arg ab,abl; return abbrev(ab,_,abl) | abbrev('NO'ab,_,abl+2)
comma: procedure; parse arg _,c,p,t; c=pickBlank(c,","); o=p(p 3); p=abs(o); t=p(t 999999999); if \isInt(p) | \isInt(t) | p==0 | arg()>4 then return _; n=_'.9'; #=123456789; k=0; return comma_()
comma_: if o<0 then do; b=verify(_,' '); if b==0 then return _; e=length(_)-verify(reverse(_),' ')+1; end; else do; b=verify(n,#,"M"); e=verify(n,#'0',,verify(n,#"0.",'M'))-p-1; end; do j=e to b by -p while k<t; _=insert(c,_,j); k=k+1; end; return _
copies2: return copies(arg(1),2)
copies3: return copies(arg(1),3)
drc: procedure; parse arg r,c,p; _=r","c; if p\=='' then _=_ "("p')'; return _
er: parse arg _1,_2; call '$ERR' "14"p(_1) p(word(_1,2) !fid(1)) _2; if _1<0 then return _1; exit result
err: call er '-'arg(1),arg(2); return ''
erx: call er '-'arg(1),arg(2); exit ''
halt: call er .1
int: int=num(arg(1),arg(2)); if \isInt(int) then call er 92,arg(1) arg(2); return int/1
isInt: return datatype(arg(1),'W')
isNum: return datatype(arg(1),'N')
kount1: parse arg qd,string; k1=pos(qd,string); if k1==0 then return 0; return pos(qd,string,k1+1)==0
lower: return translate(arg(1),@abc,translate(@abc))
na: if arg(1)\=='' then call er 01,arg(2); parse var ops na ops; if na=='' then call er 35,_o; return na
nai: return int(na(),_o)
nail: return squish(int(translate(na(),0,','),_o))
nan: return num(na(),_o)
no: if arg(1)\=='' then call er 01,arg(2); return left(_,2)\=='NO'
noValue:!sigl=sigl; call er 17,!fid(2) !fid(3) !sigl condition('D') sourceline(!sigl)
num: procedure; parse arg x .,f,q; if x=='' then return x; if isNum(x) then return x/1; x=space(translate(x,,','),0); if \isNum(x) then x=$sfxf(x); if isNum(x) then return x/1; if q==1 then return x; if q=='' then call er 53,x f; call erx 53,x f
p: return word(arg(1),1)
pickBlank: procedure; parse arg x,y; arg xu; if xu=='BLANK' then return ' '; return p(x y)
shorten:procedure; parse arg a,n; return left(a,max(0,length(a)-p(n 1)))
simple: return translate(arg(1),'.||--%<>AV'copies('+',25),"·│║─═☼◄►↑↓┤┐└┴┬├┼┘┌╔╗╚╝╟╢╞╡╫╪╤╧╥╨╠╣")
squish: return space(translate(arg(1),,word(arg(2) ',',1)),0)
syntax: !sigl=sigl; call er 13,!fid(2) !fid(3) !sigl !cal() condition('D') sourceline(!sigl)
tem: parse arg r,c,w; if tellinvalidtellInvalid then say '***error!*** row' r", col" c '('@.r.c") is a duplicate of another in the same" w'.'; return 0
tg: arg tg; if simple then tg=simple(tg); call $t gridindent || tg; return</langsyntaxhighlight>
 
 
This REXX program makes use of &nbsp; '''$ERR.REX''' &nbsp; REXX program
which is used to write (display) error messages to the terminal screen, with
supplemental text that identifies what program issued the error, and in some
cases, also identifies the failing REXX statement and some particulars about
the failure.
 
The &nbsp; '''$ERR.T.REX''' &nbsp; REXX program can be found here &nbsp; ───► &nbsp; [[$ERR.REX]].
 
changestr $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@##############%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
 
{{out|output| &nbsp; when using the input of: <br>
===REXX Version 1 Output===
<tt> row 1 .5..7.89 row 2 9...3 row 3 1...89.4 row 4 ..9.....1 row 5 ..13.52 row 6 6.....5 row 7 .6.89...3 row 8 ....5...7 row 9 .98.2..5 pruneALL </tt>}}
'''output''' when using the input of:
<br> <tt> row 1 .5..7.89 row 2 9...3 row 3 1...89.4 row 4 ..9.....1 row 5 ..13.52 row 6 6.....5 row 7 .6.89...3 row 8 ....5...7 row 9 .98.2..5 pruneALL </tt>
<pre style="height:130ex">
$SUDOKU is showing the puzzle
Line 936 ⟶ 957:
</pre>
 
=== REXX Versionversion 12 Help===
{{trans|PL/I}}
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="rexx"> Parse Arg g.0fid
The following text file is the documentation (HELp) for the &nbsp; '''$SUDOKU.REX''' &nbsp; program.
 
Note that the &nbsp; $SUDOKU# &nbsp; ($SUDOKU#.REX) &nbsp; isn't included here because of the size of the program.
<pre>
The $SUDOKU command will display a sudoku puzzle, cells/rows/columns of which
may be specified. A sudoku puzzle is a grid of nine 3x3 cells (for a total
of 9x9 cells) that can contain the digits 1──►9. The object is to fill in
the puzzle so that every row, column, and 3x3 box has every (unique) digit.
 
To show several supplied sudoku puzzles, the $SUDOKU# program can be used to
display over 12,600 different puzzles. To see that help, issue: $H $SUDOKU#
 
╔══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╗
║ {CLearscneen | NOCLearscreen} ║
║ {HIGHLightsingles | NOHIGHLightsingles} ║
║ {PUZZle .d..dd..d.......d..dddd.ddd...ddd.dddd....} ║
║ {COLumn n .d..dd..d.} ║
║ {ROW n ...d..d.dd} ║
║ $SUDOKU {CELL rc d} ║
║ {PRUNEEXCLusives} {PRUNELINEs} ║
║ ? {PRUNEMATches} {PRUNEONLYs} {PRUNESINGLes} ║
║ ?AUTHOR {PRUNEALL} ║
║ ?FLOW {SHORTgrid} ║
║ ?SAMPLES {SHOWCELL rc,xy,ab,...} ║
║ {SHOWBOXes bbb} {SHOWCOLs ccc} {SHOWROWs rrr} ║
║ {SHOWCOMBinations} ║
║ {SHOWGrid | NOSHOWGrid} ║
║ {SHOWINFOmation | NOSHOWINFOmation} ║
║ {SHOWPOSSibles} ║
║ {SHOWONELINE} ║
║ {SIMPLE} ║
║ {tops} ║
╚══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╝
 
───where:
 
? shows this help file (press ESC to quit when viewing).
 
?AUTHOR shows the author of this program.
 
?FLOW shows the external execution flow of this program.
 
?SAMPLES shows some sample uses (press ESC to quit when viewing).
 
CLearscreen clears the screen before any grid is shown.
The default is: CLEARSCREEN
 
NOCLearscreen doen't clear the screen before any grid is show.
The default is: CLEARSCREEN
 
HIGHLightsingles highlights all specified digits (if the grid is shown).
A highlighted digits is prefixed and suffixed with a
minus sign (-), or shown in yellow if running on CMS or
with PC/REXX. The default is: NOHIGHLIGHTSINGLES
 
NOHIGHLightsingles doesn't highlight specified digits (if the grid is
shown). The default is: NOHIGHLIGHTSINGLES
 
PUZZle .d..dd..d.......d..dddd.ddd...ddd.dddd.... (for example)
The character string that follows are the digits to be placed
into the puzzle (going from left to right). row by row. Any
position that has a period (.) is skipped over. The 10th
character would be the start of row 2, the 19th character would
be the start of row 3, etc. The character string is considered
to "wrap around", row to row. Up to 81 chars may be specified.
 
COL n .d..dd..d. (for example)
D is the column to be specified and must be 1 ───► 9. The
character string that follows are the digits to be placed in
that column (going from top to bottom), and any position that
has a period (.) is skipped over. I.E., to set column 9 (the
rightmost column) to blank 3 blank blank 4 7 blank 8, the
following could be specified: col 9 .3..47.8 (the rest of
the column is left blank). Up to 9 digits (or chars) may be
specified. Any number of COL keywords may be specified and
they may be given in any order.
 
ROW n ...d..d.dd (for example)
D is the row to be specified and must be 1 ───► 9. The
character string that follows are the digits to be placed in
that row (going from left to right), and any position that has
a period (.) is skipped over. I.E., to set row 5 (the
middle row) to blank blank 6 9 blank 5 blank 2, the
following could be specified: row 5 ..69.5.2 (the rest
of the row is left blank). Up to nine digits (or chars) may
be specified. Any number of ROW keywords may be specified
and they may be given in any order.
 
CELL rc d R is the row to be specified and must be 1 ───► 9,
C is the col to be specified and must be 1 ───► 9,
D is the digit to be placed and must be 1 ───► 9 or "."
 
I.E., to set the 4th cell in the grid (row 1, col 4) to the
digit 7, the following could be specified: CELL 14 7
Any number of CELL keywords my be specified and they may be
in any order.
 
PRUNEEXCLusives will prune any possible values that are the only value (digit)
for a box. If PRUNESINGLE is in effect, than this digit is
made into a specified digit (solves that cell).
The default is: NOPRUNEEXCLUSIVES
 
PRUNEMATches will prune any possible values that are matched up (two pairs,
three triplets, ...) and then removes them from any other
possible on the same row and/or column. If PRUNESINGLE is
in effect, any possible values that have now become one digit
are made into a specified digit.
The default is: NOPRUNEMATCHES
 
PRUNEONLYs will prune any possible values that are the only digit in a
row or column, and then then removes all other digits in that
cell, and if just a single digit remains, makes it a specified
digit (solves that cell). The default is: NOPRUNEONLYS
 
PRUNESINGles will prune any possible values that have a single value (one
digit) to be as if it were a specified digit. This is the
simplest form of pruning. The default is: NOPRUNESINGles
 
PRUNELINEs will prune any possible values that exist in any row or column
that can only can exist in a particular row or column in a
box. The default is: NOPRUNELINEs
 
PRUNEALL will prune all of the above PRUNExxx.
The default is: NOPRUNEALL
 
SHORTgrid shows a shortened versin of the grid.
The default is: NOSHORTGRID
 
NOSHORTgrid shows a full versin of the grid.
The default is: NOSHORTGRID
 
SHOWBOXes bbb when showing POSSibles, only those boxes (BBB...) specified
have their possible digits shown, where B is the box
number(s) and must be 1 ───► 9.
The boxes are numbered left to right, top to bottom, with the
top left-most box is 1, the middle box is 5, and the 1st box in
the middle row is box 4, the 1st box on the last row is box 7.
The default is: all boxes.
 
SHOWCOLs ccc when showing POSSibles, only those columns (CCC...) specified
have their possible digits shown, where C is the column
number(s) and must be 1 ───► 9.
The columns are numbered left to right.
The default is: all columns
 
SHOWROWs ccc when showing POSSibles, only those rows (CCC...) specified
have their possible digits shown, where R is the row
number(s) and must be 1 ───► 9.
The rows are numbered top to bottom.
The default is: all rows
 
SHOWCOMBinations shows the number of combinations of all the possible
values. The default is: NOSHOWCOMBinations
 
NOSHOWCOMBinations doesn't show the number of combinations of all the
possible values. The default is: NOSHOWCOMBinations
 
SHOWGrid shows the sudoku puzzle in a grid after the digits are
specified, after computing the possible values (if wanted),
after each pruning (if any). The default is: SHOWGrid
 
NOSHOWGrid doesn't show the grid. The default is: SHOWGrid
 
SHOWINFOmation shows various information messages such as screen titles,
action being taken, etc. The default is: SHOWINFOrmation
 
NOSHOWINFOmation doesn't show the informational messages.
The default is: SHOWINFOrmation
 
SHOWPOSSibles shows what digits are possible for each empty cell.
The SHOWGrid option must be ON, and the cells shown are
restricted (if given) by SHOWCELL, SHOWCOLs, and SHOWROWs.
The default is: NOSHOWPOSSibles
 
SHORTgrid shows a shortened versin of the grid.
The default is: NOSHORTGRID
 
NOSHORTgrid shows a full versin of the grid.
The default is: NOSHORTGRID
 
SHOWONELINE shows a the puzzle as speiified as line line of:
....dd....d.d.d..d.....d....d.dd...d.....d....d (for example).
Up to 81 characters may be shown, and any trailing periods
aren't shown. The default is: NOSHOWONELINE
 
+---+
SIMPle uses | | for the boxing characters. The default is: NOSIMPle
+---+
 
┌───┐
NOSIMPle uses │ │ for the boxing characters. The default is: NOSIMPle
└───┘
 
tops are any or all of the following $T .X=xxx options.
 
 
────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 
Some (but not all) of the $T options are: (issue $T ? for more help)
 
──────── ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 
.I=nnn indents the messages nnn spaces, the default is 0.
 
.C=color sets the color of the messages, there is no default.
 
.H=color sets the highlight color of any parenthesized text, there is
no default.
 
.F=fff writes the information (in addition to typing it) to the file, fff
there is no default.
 
Ω
</pre>
 
=== REXX Version 1 Errors ===
The &nbsp; '''$ERR.REX''' &nbsp; (REXX) program is used to issue various formatted error messages from other REXX programs.
<br><br>The &nbsp; '''$ERR.REX''' &nbsp; program makes use of the &nbsp; '''$T.REX''' &nbsp; program to issue the error messages in red (if available).
<br><br>The help for the &nbsp; '''$ERR''' &nbsp; REXX program is included here ──► [[$ERR.HEL]].
<lang rexx>/*REXX*/ trace off /*turn off all REXX cmd err msgs.*/
parse arg ! /*obtain the original arguments. */
if !all(arg()) then exit /*if a request for doc, then exit*/
if !cms then address '' /*handle ADDRESS for CMS. */
signal on halt /*setup label for HALT condition.*/
signal on noValue /* " " " NOVALUE " */
signal on syntax /* " " " SYNTAX " */
numeric digits 100 /*what the hell, support big 'uns*/
/*══════list of external commands*/
@ctty = 'CTTY' /*point to the CTTY command.*/
@globalv = 'GLOBALV' /* " " " GLOBALV " */
@finis = 'FINIS' /* " " " FINIS " */
@subcom = 'SUBCOM' /* " " " SUBCOM " */
@cpset = 'CP SET' /* " " " CP SET " */
@conwait = 'CONWAIT' /* " " " CONWAIT " */
@cpspool = 'CP SPOOL' /* " " " CP SPOOL " */
@cmstype = 'SET CMSTYPE' /* " " " SET CMSTYPE " */
 
if !cms | !dos then @ = '────────' /*use hyphens for dashes in msgs*/
else @ = '--------' /* " minuses " " " " */
 
parse var !! !! ' ..F=' ftops /*is $ERR to write errors to file*/
if ftops\=='' then ftops='.F='ftops /*Yes, then add to FTOPS var. */
etops=strip(ftops '.C=red .END=1') /*also, add to ETOPS variable. */
g.1=space(!!) /*a version with no extra blanks.*/
pblank='05'x /*use pseudoBlank as "true" blank*/
 
do j=2 to 9 /*process some possible shortcuts*/
k=j-1 /*point to the previous variable.*/
parse var g.k a.k g.j /*get the "G" version (= "all"). */
if a.k==',' then a.k= /*if omitted, then use a null. */
g.k=translate(g.k,,pblank) /*translate to a true blank. */
a.k=translate(a.k,,pblank) /* " " " " " */
aU.k=a.k; upper aU.k /*get an uppercase version of a.k*/
L.k=length(a.k) /*get the length of the a.k var.*/
c.k=comma(a.k) /*add a comma (,) to the number. */
w.k=length(c.k) /*get the length of commatized #.*/
end /*j*/
/* [↓] shortcut versions of a. */
a2=a.2; a3=a.3; a4=a.4; a5=a.5; a6=a.6; a7=a.7; a8=a.8
g3=g.3; g4=g.4; g5=g.5; g6=g.6; g7=g.7; g8=g.8
aa5=a.5
if isNum(aa5) then aa5=abs(aa5) /*if it's a number, use ABS value*/
i=a.1 /*this is the error number. */
errmsgto=
errmsgnt=
xedit=0 /*indicate no XEDIT (so far). */
 
if !cms then do /*if CMS, then do some housework.*/
@globalv 'SELECT' !fn 'GET ERRMSGTO ERRMSGNT'
@finis '* * *'
@cmstype 'RT'
@conwait
@cpspool 'CON TERM'
@cpset' IMSG ON'
@cpset' EMSG ON'
@subcom 'XEDIT'
xedit=\rc & \cmsflag('SUBSET')
ufid=a3 a4 a5
end
 
if !dos then do /*if COS, then do some housework.*/
if \!nt then @ctty 'con' /*Not Windows NT? Use CTTY cmd*/
_=a4
if _\=='' & right(_,1)\=="\" then _=_'\'
ufid=_ || a2"."a3
end
 
i=space(translate(i,,'-'),0) /*remove all minus signs from str*/
if i=='' then call erb 57 /*Is it null? Oops-say message.*/
 
if i=0 then do /*if "error" is zero, show author*/
_= /*start with a clean slate. */
iL=length(i) /*use # of zeroes for more info. */
if iL>1 then _=@'author'@"÷÷÷÷Gerard J. Schildberger"
if iL>2 then _=_ '÷÷phone (701)-242-8238'
if iL>3 then _=_ '÷÷E-mail gerardS@rrt.net'
if iL>5 then _=_ '÷÷9411 West Ridge Road,'
if iL>5 then _=_ '÷÷Hankinson, ND 58041'
atops=strip(ftops '.A=-2 .X=-2 .E=2 .C=yell .J=c .BOX= .KD=÷')
if _\=='' then call $t atops _ /*tell if more than 1 zero*/
exit 0 /*exit with a return code of zero*/
end
 
if i==14000 |, /*is this a message for a HALT ? */
i=='14.1' then do /* ··· or in some cases, 14.1 */
htops=strip(ftops '.X=-1 .C=red .J=c .BOX=')
call $t htops 'The REXX program' @ a2 @ "has been halted !"
exit 14000 /* ··· and indicate a HALT cond· */
end
 
 
if \isInt(i) then call erb 53,i "error_code" /*Hmmm, an "internal" err*/
oi=i /*keep the original value around.*/
xedit= xedit & i>0 /*inside the XEDIT program? */
i=abs(i) /*use the absolute value of I. */
if i<1400 | i>1499 then call erb 99,oi /*check for a legal range of I. */
k=i-1400 /*from now on, use a shorter I. */
if xedit then address 'XEDIT' "SET MSGM ON LONG" /*allow XEDIT msgs.*/
call sy /*write blank line.*/
call sy "($$$"i") *error*:" /*write a hdr line.*/
 
if k==0 then call sy "some commands can't or shouldn't be executed while in" g3
if k==1 then call sy "the" g3 'was previously specified or specified more than once'
if k==2 then call sy "the" a4 "argument can't be" choose("negative",g5)":" a3
if k==3 then call sy 'the (disk) filemode' a3 "can't have any read-only extensions" g4
if k==4 then call sy 'the' a4 "filemode/address can't be" choose('RELEASEd',g5)":" a3
if k==5 then do
call sy "illegal compator operator" @ a3 'specified,'
call sy "it must be one of: = \= < <= > >= \< \>"
end
if k==6 then call sy "no special characters are allowed in the" g4':' a3
if k==7 then call sy "fixed-point underflow or overflow (result is too small or too large)"
if k==8 then call sy "illegal filemode" @ a3 @ g4
if k==9 then call sy "a terminal screen (CRT) is required with the" @ a3 @ 'feature'
if k==10 then if a3=='' then call sy "missing fileid for" g4
else call sy "illegal fileid" @ space(a3 a4 a5) @ g6
if k==11 then call sy "comparand operand must be an = or \= when using *xxx* type comparisons"
if k==12 then call sy "not enough" choose('virtual storage',g4)", at least" a3 'are needed'
if k==13 then do
call sy "REXX syntax error"
if isInt(a.6) then call sy errortext(a.6)
call syline
end
if k==14 then call sy 'the' a5 "argument" a3 "can't be" choose('greater',a.7) "than" a6 a4
if k==15 then do
if a3=='' then call sy "division by zero"
else do
call sy 'raising a negative number' @ a3 @
call sy "to a negative or an odd fractional power" @ a4 @
call fto g5
end
end
if k==16 then do
call sy "illegal MDISK" g4 'address:' a3","
call sy 'it must be exactly three hexadecimal characters (but not 000), or it may be'
call sy "preceeded by an asterisk (*) followed by three decimal characters"
end
if k==17 then do
call sy "undefined REXX variable referenced" a.6
call syline
end
if k==18 then do
call sy "illegal MDISK address or filemode,"
call sy "the 191 A MDISK address is reserved for the CMS user's private MDISK"
end
if k==19 then call sy 'numeric digits ('comma(a6)") isn't sufficient to" a4 a5 'to' a3
if k==20 then call sy "the" a3 @ a4 'and' g5 @ "aren't alike"
if k==21 then call sy choose("increment",a3) 'must be preceeded by a plus (+) or a minus (-)'
if k==22 then do
_='combination of characters:'
if L.4==1 then _="character:"
call sy a3 'contains an invalid' _ g4
end
if k==23 then call sy "the" a3 choose("option",a5) "requires the" a4 choose('option or feature',g6)
if k==24 then call sy "illegal" choose('volume',a4) "serial:" a3 ' (it must be six or less characters)'
if k==25 then do
call sy "you must be in the" a3 'mode/program to use the'
call sy "specified command (or it's" g4 "option)"
end
if k==26 then do
call sy "illegal MDISK" g4 'address:' a3","
call sy 'it must be exactly three hexadecimal characters (but not 000)'
end
if k==27 then call sy choose('number',g4) "can't be negative or zero (must be positive):" a3
if k==28 then call sy "duplicate" a3 'defined or specified:' g4
if k==29 then call sy "illegal filemode:" a3', it must be one character'
if k==30 then do
call say30
if a5==a6 | a6=='' | a6=="," then call sy "it must be" space(aa5 g8 _b)
else do
_to='to'
if a6==aa5+1 then _to="or"
call sy 'it must be from' aa5 _to a6 _b
end
end
if k==31 then call sy "no lines (or incorrect lines) were put in the program stack" g3
if k==32 then call sy 'the command' a3 "exited, but it isn't supposed to exit or stop"
if k==33 then call sy 'the' a3 "MDISK isn't a CMS MDISK, it's in the wrong format"
if k==34 then call sy @ a3 a4 @ "can't be executed from the" a5 'MDISK'
if k==35 then do
call sy "no" choose('argument',a4) 'was specified after or'
call fto a3 g5
end
if k==36 then call sy 'file' @ g3 @ "can't exist on the" a5 'MDISK'
if k==37 then do
y=a3
_=pos(a3,'''"`{[(«')
if _\==0 then y=translate(word('single_quote double_quote grave_accent left_brace left_bracket left_parenthesis left_double_carrot',_),,"_") a3
call sy 'unmatched' y g4
end
if k==38 then call sy 'file' @ space(a3 a4 a5) @ choose("can't be located or is empty",g6)
if k==39 then call sy "the" a3 choose('argument',a8) 'must be' a4 a5 "the" a6 choose('argument',a7)
if k==40 then do
call sy 'argument' @ a3 @ "isn't a valid hexadecimal string/number"
call sy "(it contains a character other than 0123456789ABCDEFabcdef or a blank)"
call fto g4
end
if k==41 then do
call sy "VM userid" @ g3 @ "doesn't exist or"
call sy 'is illegal (it may have an illegal character in it)'
end
if k==42 then call sy "the MDISK" a4 'for the user' a3 "doesn't exist"
if k==43 then call sy "illegal password for the" a3 a5 'MDISK was specified'
if k==44 then do
call sy "a CMS command is being used out of context, or"
call sy 'a command was renamed, or the FSTs have been altered'
_='DOS'
if !cms then _="CMS";call sy '(you may have to IPL' _")"
end
if k==45 then call sy 'VM userid' @ g3 @ "isn't logged on"
if k==46 then call sy "the file's" @ g4 "LRECL can't exceed" a3
if k==47 then call sy a3 @ a4 @ "not found" g5
if k==48 then do
_=
L=1
if L.4==1 | right(aU.4,1)=='X' then _=" an"
if _=='' then L=0
call sy @ a3 g5 @ 'contains'_ "invalid character"s(L)':' a4
end
if k==49 then call sy "CP LINK error for MDISK" a4 'userid' a3
if k==50 then do
call sy 'illegal/invalid' a3 "specified" @ a4 @
call fto g5
end
if k==51 then call sy choose("documentation",a5) 'for' a3 a4 "couldn't be located"
if k==52 then do
call sy "arguments aren't permitted"
call fto a4
end
if k==53 then do
call sy 'argument' @ a3 @ "isn't numeric" g5
call fto a4
end
if k==54 then do
call sy "not enough" choose('arguments',a3) "were specified" g5
call fto a4
end
if k==55 then do
call sy "illegal argument" @ a3 @ g5
call fto a4
end
if k==56 then call sy "illegal number of" choose('arguments',a4) "were specified" g5 a3
if k==57 then do
y=choose("arguments",a3)
z='was'
if translate(right(y,1))=="S" then z='were'
call sy "no" y z "specified"
end
if k==58 then call sy "only" g3 'argument's(a3) 'are accepted'
if k==59 then do
call sy "too many" choose('arguments',a3) "were specified" g5
call fto a4
end
if k==60 then call sy "argument#" a4 @ a3 @ 'must be an * or numeric'
if k==61 then call sy "conflicting arguments:" g3
if k==62 then call sy choose('fileid1',a3) "and" choose('fileid2',a4) "can't be identical" g5
if k==63 then do
call sy "no" 'argument was specified after or'
call fto g3
end
if k==64 then call sy "up to" g3 'argument's(a3) 'are accepted'
if k==65 then call sy "bad argument" @ a3 @ "illegal use of" g4
if k==66 then call sy "only" a3 'to' a4 "arguments are accepted"
if k==67 then call sy "unable to parse" a3 'from the results of:' g4
if k==68 then do
call sy "return code" a3 'doing:'
call sy g4
i=a3
end
if k==69 then call sy 'user' @ a3 @ "can't be logged on while the command" @ a2 @ 'is running'
if k==70 then do
if a3==2 then call sy "the" @ a2 @ 'command must be executed under the' a4 "userid"
if a3==1 then call sy "the" @ a2 @ "command must be executed from the A MDISK"
call sy "illegal use of the" @ a2 @ "command, subrc="a3
end
if k==71 then call sy "can't attach a" g3
if k==72 then do
call sy 'argument' @ a3 @ "isn't alphabetic" g5
call fto a4
end
if k==73 then do
call sy "an attempt was made to execute an unauthorized or restricted command"
if g3\=='' then call sy g3
end
if k==74 then call sy "the user" @ a3 @ 'must be in' a4 "mode"
if k==75 then call sy "no" choose('write',a4) "access to the" @ choose('A',space(left(a3),1)) @ "MDISK"
if k==76 then call sy a3 g5 "isn't known or supported:" a4
if k==77 then call sy space('error' a3 "in writing to disk file" @ g4 @)
if k==78 then call sy choose("file",g6) @ a3 a4 a5 @ 'not found'
if k==79 then call sy "the time window for execution is" a3 'through' a4
if k==80 then call sy @ a3 @ "isn't a known userid"
if k==81 then do
call sy 'argument' @ a5 space(@ g7) "is out of range"
_=max(w.3,w.4)
if L.3\==0 then call sy 'the lower limit is:' right(c.3,_)
if L.4\==0 then call sy 'the upper limit is:' right(c.4,_)
call fto a6
end
if k==82 then call sy g4 @ a3 @ "can't be located"
if k==83 then call sy "the" @ g3 @ 'option is required'
if k==84 then call sy "file" @ g4 @ 'had a syntax error for' a3
if k==85 then call sy "illegal combination of arguments:" g4
if k==86 then do
call sy "the" choose(a3,a2) 'command is being invoked out of context'
if g4\=='' then call sy g4
end
if k==87 then do
call sy 'argument' @ a3 @ "isn't a valid" choose('bit digit',a4)
call sy '(it contains more than one binary digit)'
call fto g5
end
if k==88 then call sy g4 @ a3 @ "doesn't exist"
if k==89 then call sy 'the' a3 "command can't be found"
if k==90 then do
call sy 'evaluation of' a3 "contains a zero divisor and"
call sy 'the result is infinite' g4
end
if k==91 then do
call sy 'argument' @ a3 @ "isn't a valid" choose('bit string',a4)
call sy '(it contains a non-binary character other than 0 or 1)'
call fto g5
end
if k==92 then do
call sy choose('argument',a4) @ a3 @ "isn't a whole number (integer)" g7
call fto a5
end
if k==93 then call sy "file" @ g3 @ 'already exists'
if k==94 then call sy "the T-DISK requested can't be obtained"
if k==95 then call sy "not enough free storage can be obtained"
if k==96 then call sy "illegal file" @ g3 @ 'or it was incorrectly modified'
if k==97 then do
call sy "a command failed,"
if a3\=='' then call sy "sub-command" @ g3 @','
call sy "it's all or partially restricted to authorized users"
end
if k==98 then do
call sy "an attempt was made to execute the" @ a2 @ 'command while'
call sy "the user" @ userid() @ "was in disconnected mode"
end
if k==99 then call sy "illegal error number for the" !fn 'REXX EXEC' ":" g3
if a2\=='' then call sy "for the" @ a2 @ 'command or function.'
call sy
if errmsgnt\=='' & errmsgto\=='' then call sy "A notification (via $M) of this error has been sent to" errmsgto
if !cms then @globalv 'SELECT' !fn "PURGE"
if \isInt(i) then call er 53,i
exit sign(oi)*i
 
 
/*═════════════════════════════general 1-line subs════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════*/
!all: !!=!;!=space(!);upper !;call !fid;!nt=right(!var('OS'),2)=='NT';!cls=word('CLS VMFCLEAR CLRSCREEN',1+!cms+!tso*2);if arg(1)\==1 then return 0;if wordpos(!,'? ?SAMPLES ?AUTHOR ?FLOW')==0 then return 0;!call=']$H';call '$H' !fn !;!call=;return 1
!cal: if symbol('!CALL')\=="VAR" then !call=; return !call
!env: !env='ENVIRONMENT'; if !sys=='MSDOS' | !brexx | !r4 | !roo then !env='SYSTEM'; if !os2 then !env='OS2'!env; !ebcdic=1=='f0'x; if !crx then !env='DOS'; return
!fid: parse upper source !sys !fun !fid . 1 . . !fn !ft !fm .; call !sys; if !dos then do; _=lastpos('\',!fn); !fm=left(!fn,_); !fn=substr(!fn,_+1); parse var !fn !fn '.' !ft; end; return word(0 !fn !ft !fm,1+('0'arg(1)))
!rex: parse upper version !ver !vernum !verdate .; !brexx='BY'==!vernum; !kexx='KEXX'==!ver; !pcrexx='REXX/PERSONAL'==!ver|'REXX/PC'==!ver; !r4='REXX-R4'==!ver; !regina='REXX-REGINA'==left(!ver,11); !roo='REXX-ROO'==!ver; call !env; return
!sys: !cms=!sys=='CMS'; !os2=!sys=='OS2'; !tso=!sys=='TSO' | !sys=='MVS'; !vse=!sys=='VSE'; !dos=pos('DOS',!sys)\==0 | pos('WIN',!sys)\==0 | !sys=='CMD'; !crx=left(!sys,6)=='DOSCRX'; call !rex; return
!var: call !fid; if !kexx then return space(dosenv(arg(1))); return space(value(arg(1),,!env))
$t: !call=']$T'; call "$T" arg(1); call=; return
choose: parse arg c1,c2; if c2=='' | c2=="," then return c1; return c2
comma: procedure; parse arg _,c,p,t; c=pickBlank(c,","); o=p(p 3); p=abs(o); t=p(t 999999999); if \isInt(p) | \isInt(t) | p==0 | arg()>4 then return _; n=_'.9'; #=123456789; k=0; return comma_()
comma_: if o<0 then do; b=verify(_,' '); if b==0 then return _; e=length(_)-verify(reverse(_),' ')+1; end; else do; b=verify(n,#,"M"); e=verify(n,#'0',,verify(n,#"0.",'M'))-p-1; end; do j=e to b by -p while k<t; _=insert(c,_,j); k=k+1;end;return _
er: parse arg _1,_2; call '$ERR' "14"p(_1) p(word(_1,2) !fid(1)) _2; if _1<0 then return _1; exit result
erb: call sy; if a2\=="" then call sy '('!fn "was invoked by the" @ a2 @ 'EXEC)'; call er arg(1),arg(2)
fto: parse arg fto ftox; ftoo='option'; if right(fto,2)=='()' then ftoo='function'; if fto\=='' then call sy "for the" ftoo @ space(fto ftox) @; return
halt: call er .1
isInt: return datatype(arg(1),'W')
isNum: return datatype(arg(1),'N')
noValue: !sigl=sigl; call er 17,!fid(2) !fid(3) !sigl condition('D') sourceline(!sigl)
opf: if right(arg(1),2)=='()' then return "function"; return 'option'
p: return word(arg(1),1)
pickBlank: procedure; parse arg x,y; arg xu; if xu=='BLANK' then return ' '; return p(x y)
s: if arg(1)==1 then return arg(3); return p(arg(2) 's')
say30: if a5==-1 then call sy 'illegal' a4":" a3; else call sy "illegal length of" a4":" a3; _t=p(a7 'character'); _b=_t || s(p(a6 aa5))" in length"; return
sy: sy=arg(1); if length(sy)<81 then do; call syit sy; return; end; sysy=; do forever while sy\==''; parse var sy _t sy; if length(sysy _t)<80 then do;sysy=sysy _t;iterate;end; call syitb;sysy=_t;end; if strip(sysy)\=='' then call syitb;return
syfunc: if left(a6,1)==']' then do; _sl=g8; call sy "invocation of an undefined REXX function/subroutine" substr(a6,2); end; return
syit: syit=arg(1); if xedit then address 'XEDIT' "EMSG" syit; else if a2=='$T' then say syit; else call $t etops syit; if errmsgto\=='' & syit\=='' then call '$M' errmsgto syit; return
syitb: if left(sysy,1)==' ' then sysy=substr(sysy,2); call syit sysy; return
syline: if a5\==0 then call sy 'on line' a5 "of" ufid; _sl=g7; call syfunc; if _sl\=='' then do; call sy; call sy "REXX sourceline is:"; call sy; call sy _sl; call sy; end; if !cms then do;'EXECSTAT' a2 a3;if rc==0 then "EXECDROP" a2 a3;end;return
syntax: !sigl=sigl; call er 13,!fid(2) !fid(3) !sigl !cal() condition('D') sourceline(!sigl)</lang>
 
=== REXX Version 1 Messages ===
This is the &nbsp; '''$T.REX''' &nbsp; (REXX) program which is used by other REXX programs to display error or informational message(s),
<br>some of the options follow):
* in color(s) &nbsp; &nbsp; (if supported)
* highlights (in color) parts (up to 8 unique parts) of the text &nbsp; &nbsp; (if supported)
* write text to a file
* breaks the text into multiple lines
* adds indentation
* justifies the text: left/right/center/justify &nbsp; (autofill)
* add blank lines before and/or after the displaying of text
* boxing (around) the text
* add spacing around the text inside the box
* only showing specific lines of the text messages
* suppressing specific lines of the text messages
* translation of certain characters in the text
* allowing other characters to be used for blanks
* repeating a text
* allows remarks in the text
* writes the message, waits for a confirmation to proceed
* delaying (waiting) after the text is displayed
* showing a scale and/or a ruler above/below the text message(s)
* supports hex/dec/bit strings
* changing the case of the text
* reverses the text
* inverts the bits for certain characters
* sounds alarm (beeps) after the text is displayed &nbsp; &nbsp; (if supported)
* displays the text in reverse video (if supported)
* displays the text in (big) block letters
* clear the screen after or before the displaying of text
* allows user-define option character, the default is &nbsp; '''.''' &nbsp; &nbsp; (period)
* and many other options
<br>The help for the &nbsp; '''$T''' &nbsp; REXX program is included here ──► [[$T.HEL]].
<br><br>The &nbsp; '''$T''' &nbsp; REXX program makes use of &nbsp; '''$ERR''' &nbsp; REXX program which is used to display error messages (via &nbsp; '''$T''').
<br>The &nbsp; '''$ERR''' &nbsp; REXX program is included here ──► [[$ERR.REX]].
<br><br>The &nbsp; '''$T''' &nbsp; REXX program makes use of &nbsp; '''LINESIZE''' &nbsp; BIF &nbsp; which returns the terminals width (linesize).
<br>Some REXXes doen't have a &nbsp; '''LINESIZE''' &nbsp; BIF, so one is included here ──► [[LINESIZE.HEL]].
<br><br>The &nbsp; '''$T''' &nbsp; REXX program makes use of &nbsp; '''SCRSIZE''' &nbsp; BIF which returns the terminals width (linesize) and depth.
<br>Some REXXes doen't have a &nbsp; '''SCRSIZE''' &nbsp; BIF, so one is included here ──► [[SCRSIZE.HEL]].
<br><br>The &nbsp; '''$T''' &nbsp; REXX program makes use of &nbsp; '''DELAY''' &nbsp; BIF which delays (sleeps) for a specified amount of seconds.
<br>Some REXXes doen't have a &nbsp; '''DELAY''' &nbsp; BIF, so one is included here ──► [[DELAY.REX]].
<br><br>The &nbsp; '''$T''' &nbsp; REXX program makes use of &nbsp; '''SOUND''' &nbsp; BIF which produces sounds via the PC speaker.
<br>Some REXXes doen't have a &nbsp; '''SOUND''' &nbsp; BIF, so one is included here ──► [[SOUND.REX]].
<br><br>REXX programs not included are &nbsp; '''$H''' &nbsp; which shows '''help''' and other documentation.
<lang rexx>/*REXX*/ trace off /* There be many dragons below. */
parse arg !
if !all(0) then exit 0 /*help options and boilerplate.*/
 
zz = !! /*save a copy of original args. */
if !cms then address ''
signal on halt /*be able to handle a HALT. */
signal on noValue /*catch REXX vars with noValue. */
signal on syntax /*catch REXX syntax errors. */
numeric digits 300 /*be able to handle some big 'uns*/
 
hues=space( 'BLACK 0;30', /*define some colors for DOS. */
'BROWN 0;33',
'DEFAULT 1;37',
'GRAY 1;37',
'BLUE 1;34',
'GREEN 1;32',
'TURQUOISE 1;36',
'RED 1;31',
'PINK 1;35',
'YELLOW 1;33',
'WHITE 1;37',
'BRITE 1;37') /*colors for DOS via ANSI.SYS */
 
_= /*(below) set some vars ──> NULL */
parse var _ ?. @ color. colorC. ahics ehics hold lz more onlyo onlys,
scr0 shics VMout VScolor VSdisp x1 x2
 
@abc = 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'
@abcU = @abc; upper @abcU
 
#ms = 0
?.a = 0
?.b = 0
?.block = 0
?.e = 0
?.end = 0
?.i = 0
?.ks = 0
?.L = 0
?.p = 0
?.q = 0
?.r = 0
?.ruler = 0
?.s = 0
?.scale = 0
?.ts = 0
?.x = 0
?.z = 0
boxing = 0
highL = 0
LLd = 0
LLk = 0
LLx = 0
maxhic = 0
 
## = 1
hue# = 1
minhic = 1
?.t = 1
 
?.bd = .2
?.bf = 800
?.bs = 2
?.o = 9999
?.rulerb = ' '
?.scaleb = ' '
?.scaled = '.'
?.scalep = '+'
?.use = '.'
esc = '1b'x"["
 
his='H() H{} H[] H<> H≤≥ H«» H/\'
#his=words(his)
do jh=1 for #his
hh.jh=substr(word(his,jh),2)
end /*jh*/
 
colorSupport=!pcrexx | !r4 | !roo /*colors are supported by these. */
 
boxCH = '+-+|+-+|' /*define some boxing characters. */
if !ebcdic then boxCH = 'acbfbcfabbbfabfa'x /*¼┐╝·╗┐½· <──single box.*/
if !dos then boxCH = 'c9cdbbbabccdc8ba'x /*╔═╗║╝═╚║ <──double box.*/
 
if colorSupport then do /*use pre-saved color values. */
_=translate(!var('SCREEN'), ,";,") /*envVar.*/
if \datatype(space(_,0), "W") then _='36 40'
scr0=esc || translate(0 _, ';', " ")'m'
colorC.0=scr0
colorC.1=esc"1;33m"
end
 
do jz=1 while zz\==''
if ?.end==1 | pos('=',zz)==0 | pos(" "?.use,' 'zz)==0 then do
@=@ zz
leave
end
if left(zz,1)==' ' then lz=lz" "
parse var zz yy1 2 yy2 3 1 yy ' ' zz
 
if yy1==?.use & pos('=',yy)\==0 & datatype(yy2,"U") then
do 1
parse var yy 2 _ "=" dotv 2 _1 3
if datatype(_,'U') then
do
L1=length(_)==1
if L1 then do
if _=='H' then ?.hi.1=dotv
else ?._=dotv
iterate jz
end
else select
when _=='BIN' then yy=valn("'"dotv"'B",'BIN',"B")
when _=='BOX' then do
if dotv=="" then ?.BOX=boxCH
else ?.BOX=dotv
iterate jz
end
when _=='DEC' then yy=valn("'"dotv"'D",'DEC',"D")
when _=='INV' then yy=.inv(dotv)
when _=='HEX' then yy=valn("'"dotv"'X",'HEX',"X")
when _=='USE' then do
dotv=tb(dotv,"USE",'.')
iterate jz
end
otherwise ?._=dotv; iterate jz
end /*select*/
end
 
if _1=='H' then do
_=wordpos(_,his)
if _\==0 then do
?.hi._=dotv
iterate jz
end
end
end /*do 1*/
 
if @=='' then @=lz || yy
else @=@ yy
lz=
end /*jz*/
 
if left(@,1)==' ' then @=substr(@,2) /*handle this special case. */
 
if ?.a\==0 then call .a
if ?.a\==0 then call .b
if ?.block\==0 then call .block
if ?.c\=='' then call .c
hue.1=colorC.0
if ?.d\=='' then call .d
if ?.e\==0 then call wn 'E',0,99,sd()
?.eb=tb(?.eb,'EB')
if ?.ef\=='' then call .ef
if ?.f\=='' then call .f
 
do _j=1 for #his
_=?.hi._j
if _\=='' & \!regina then do
call colors _,"H"hh._j,_j
highL=1
end
end /*_j*/
 
if ?.i\==0 then do
call wn 'I',0,sw()
?.ib=tb(?.ib,'IB')
end
if ?.j\=='' then call .j
if ?.k\=='' then ?.k =valn(?.k,"K")
if ?.kd\=='' then ?.kd=valn(?.kd,"KD")
if ?.k\=='' then if ?.kd\=="" then call er 61, '.K= .KD='
if ?.ks\==0 then call .ks
if ?.L\==0 then call .L
if ?.o\==9999 then call .o
if ?.p\==0 then do; call wn 'P',-99,99; ?.pb=tb(?.pb,'PB'); end
if ?.q\==0 then call wn 'Q',0,1
if ?.r\==0 then call wn "R",0,99; ?.r=?.r+1
if ?.ruler\==0 then call .ruler
if ?.s\==0 then call .s; ?.s=?.s+1
if ?.scale\==0 then call .scale
if ?.t\==1 then call .t
if ?.u\=='' then call .u
?.ub=tb(?.ub,'UB')
if ?.ut\=='' then call .ut
if ?.v\=='' then call .v
?.xb=tb(?.xb,'XB')
if ?.z\==0 then call wn 'Z',0,99,,"N"
if ?.box\=='' then call .box
if highL then call highLight
indent=copies(?.ib,?.i)
if ?.x\==0 then call .x
@=copies(@,?.r)
ll=length(@)
if ?.ub\==' ' then @=translate(@,?.ub," ")
_=length(?.ut)%2
if _\==0 then @=translate(@,right(?.ut,_),left(?.ut,_))
tx.1=@
xk=?.k || ?.kd
if xk\=='' then call .xk
if LLk\==0 then LL=LLk
 
if ?.block\==0 then tLL=12+max(LL-1,0)*(12+?.bs)
else tLL=LL
 
bline=strip(indent || x1 || copies(?.ab, tLL+4*boxing)x2, 'T')
 
if boxing then call ms bx.1 || copies(bx.2, LLx+tLL+2)bx.3
caLL VEReb ?.e,?.eb
 
do jt=1 for ?.t
if jt\==1 then if jt\==?.t then call VEReb ?.ts,?.tsb
 
do jj=1 for ##
if jj\==1 then call VEReb ?.ks,?.ksb
 
if boxing then _=left(tx.jj,tLL)
else _=tx.jj
 
if ?.v=='R' then _=reverse(_)
 
if ?.u\=='' then select
when ?.u=='A' then nop
when ?.u=='U' then upper _
when ?.u=='L' then _=lower(_)
when ?.u=='F' then _=proper(_)
when ?.u=='W' then do
__=
do jw=1 for words(_)
__=__ proper(word(_,jw))
end /*jw*/
 
_=strip(__)
end
end /*select*/
 
if ?.block==0 then call tellIt _
else call blocker
end /*jj*/
end /*jt*/
 
call VEReb ?.e,?.eb
if boxing then call ms bx.7 || copies(bx.6,LLx+tLL+2)bx.5
call beeps ?.b
call .p
if ?.ruler<0 then call inches ?.ruler,0
if ?.scale<0 then call inches ?.scale,1
 
select /* <══════════════════════════where the rubber meets the road.*/
when highL then call sayHighlight
when \highL & (?.c=='BRITE' | ?.c=="BRIGHT") then call sayBright
when ?.L\==0 then call sayAline
otherwise call sayNline
end /*select*/
 
if ?.c\=='' then call VMcolor VMout,space(VScolor VSdisp)
if ?.b<0 then call call beeps ?.b
if ?.z\==0 then call .z
if ?.ruler>0 then call inches ?.ruler,0
if ?.scale>0 then call inches ?.scale,1
_=abs(?.a)
 
if _==99 & \?.q then !cls
else do min(99,_)
call wit bline
end /*min(···*/
 
if ?.w\=='' then call .w
 
if !pcrexx then if ?.q & LLd>79 then if LLd>sw() then say
 
/*(above) PC-REXX bug: wrapped lines are*/
/* overwritten during cleanup. */
return 0
 
/*──────────────────────────────────.B subroutine───────────────────────*/
.b: call wn 'B',-99,99,sd() /*B is for beeps (sounds). */
 
if ?.bd\==.2 then do
_=translate(?.bd,,',')
__=_
do while __\==''
parse var __ ?.bd __
call wn 'BD', .1, 9, ,"N"
end /*while*/
?.bd=_
end
 
if ?.bf\==800 then do
_=translate(?.bf,,',')
__=_
do while __\==''
parse var __ ?.bf __
call wn 'BF', 1, 20000
end /*while*/
?.bf=_
end
return
 
/*──────────────────────────────────.BLOCK subroutine───────────────────*/
.block: call wn 'BLOCK',-12,12
if ?.bs\==2 then call wn 'BS', -12, sw()
if ?.bc\=='' then ?.bc = tb(?.bc, "BC")
?.bb=tb(?.bb,'BB')
return
 
/*──────────────────────────────────.BOX subroutine─────────────────────*/
.box: _=?.box; upper _
if _=='*NONE*' then ?.box=
boxing= ?.box\==''
if \boxing then return
 
if _=='SINGLELINE' then _=boxCH
if length(_)>8 then call er 30, '.BOX='_ "boxcharacters 1 8"
?.box=left(_,8,right(_,1))
do _=1 for 8
bx._=substr(?.box,_,1)
end /*_*/
_=verify(@,' ')-1
if _>0 then @=@ || copies(" ",_)
return
 
/*──────────────────────────────────.C subroutine───────────────────────*/
.c: call colors ?.c,'C',0
 
if !cms then do
call cp 'QUERY SCREEN',1
parse var cp.1 "VMOUT" VMout
'QUERY VSCREEN CMS ALL (LIFO'
if rc==0 then pull "(" . . VScolor VSdisp .
if ?.c=='BRITE' then call VMcolor "DEFAULT NONE"
else call VMcolor color.0 ?.d, color.0 ?.d
end
 
if \colorSupport then ?.c= /*Most REXXes don't support color*/
return
 
/*──────────────────────────────────.D subroutine───────────────────────*/
.d: upper ?.d
_ = ?.d
 
if \(abbrev('BRITE',_,3) |,
abbrev("BRIGHT",_,3) |,
abbrev('HIGHLIGHT',_) |,
abbrev("NONE",_,3) |,
abbrev('REVVIDEO',_,3) |,
abbrev("UNDERLINE",_,3)) then call er 55, _ ".D="
 
if !regina then ?.d= /*Regina can't handle DISP's. */
else if left(_,1)=='H' then highL=1
return
 
/*──────────────────────────────────.EF subroutine──────────────────────*/
ef: if ?.f\=='' then call er 61, '.F= .EF=' /*conflicting options.*/
?.f = ?.ef
return
 
/*──────────────────────────────────.F subroutine───────────────────────*/
.f: _=?.f /*File where the text is written.*/
if !cms then do
_=translate(_, , '/,') /*try to translate to CMS format.*/
if words(_)>3 then call er 10, ?.f
?.f = _ word(subword(_,2) !fn,1) word(subword(_,3) 'A1',1)
end
 
__=lastpos("\",_)
if !dos & ?.ef=='' & __\==0 then call $mkdir left(_,__)
return
 
/*──────────────────────────────────.INV subroutine─────────────────────*/
.inv: return x2c( b2x( translate( x2b( c2x( arg(1) ) ), 01, 10) ) )
 
/*──────────────────────────────────.J subroutine───────────────────────*/
.j: upper ?.j /*Justify (or not) the text. */
if ?.j=='' then ?.j= 'N' /*Justify (or not) the text. */
else ?.j= left(?.j,1) /*just use the first letter of .J*/
 
if pos(?.j,"ACJLNR")==0 then call er 55, ?.j '.J='
if ?.j=='A' then ?.j= substr(copies('LRC',30),random(1,90),1)
 
?.jb=tb(?.jb,'JB') /*while we're here, handle JB. */
return
 
/*──────────────────────────────────.KS subroutine──────────────────────*/
.ks: call wn 'KS', 0, 99, sw()
?.ksb = tb(?.ksb, 'KSB') /*blank lines between karate chop*/
return
 
/*──────────────────────────────────.L subroutine───────────────────────*/
.L: upper ?.L /*Line(s) for the text is shown. */
if !cms then do
'$QWHAT DSC'
if rc==4 then ?.L=0
end
 
if ?.L=='CMSG' then ?.L="*"
call wn 'L',-sd(),sd()
if ?.L<0 then ?.L=sd()-?.L
return
 
/*──────────────────────────────────.O subroutine───────────────────────*/
.o: call wn 'O',-999,999,9999
 
if ?.o<0 then do
onlyo=-?.o
?.o=9999
end
return
 
/*──────────────────────────────────.P subroutine───────────────────────*/
.p: if ?.q then return /*Post (writting) blank lines. */
_=?.p
 
if _>98 |,
_<0 then do 1
if !cms & _>9998 then call CPmore
!cls
if \!cms then leave /*1*/
 
if _>9998 & more\=='' then call CP 'TERMINAL MORE' more
if _>99999998 & hold\=='' then call CP 'TERMINAL HOLD' hold
if _>99999998 & hold\=='' then call CP 'TERMINAL HOLD' hold
end /*1*/
 
do abs(_) while _<99
call wit bline
end /*abs*/
do _=1 to -?.a
call wit bline
end /*_*/
return
 
/*──────────────────────────────────.RULER subroutine───────────────────*/
.ruler: call wn 'RULER', -sw(), sw() /*RULER draws a "ruler" line. */
?.rulerb = tb(?.rulerb, 'RULERB')
return
 
/*──────────────────────────────────.S subroutine───────────────────────*/
.s: call wn "S", -999, 999, 999 /*Skip (or suppress) line(s). */
 
if ?.s<0 then do
if left(?.o,1)=='-' then /*check for conflicting options*/
call er 61,"O="?.o 'S='?.s "(both can't be negative)"
onlys = -?.s
?.s = 0
end
 
if left(?.o,1)=="-" & left(?.s,1)=='-' then
call er 61,"O="?.o 'S='?.s "(both can't be negative)"
return
 
/*──────────────────────────────────.SCALE subroutine───────────────────*/
.scale: call wn 'SCALE', -sw(), sw() /*SCALE draws a "scale" line. */
?.scaleb = tb(?.scaleb, 'SCALEB')
?.scaled = tb(?.scaled, 'SCALED', ".")
?.scalep = tb(?.scalep, 'SCALEP', "+")
return
 
/*──────────────────────────────────.T subroutine───────────────────────*/
.t: call wn 'T', 0, 99 /*Times the text is written. */
if ?.ts\==0 then call wn 'TS', 0, 99
?.tsb = tb(?.tsb, 'TSB')
return
 
/*──────────────────────────────────.U subroutine───────────────────────*/
.u: upper ?.u /*handle uppercasing text parts. */
?.u = left(?.u, 1)
if pos(?.u, " AFLUW")==0 then call er 55, ?.u '.U='
if ?.u==' ' | ?.u=='A' then ?.u=
return
 
/*──────────────────────────────────.UT subroutine──────────────────────*/
.ut: call wn 'T', 0, 99 /*Times the text is written. */
?.ut=valn(?.ut, "UT")
 
if length(?.ut)//2==1 then
call er 30,?.ut 'translate-characters an-even-number-of'
return
 
/*──────────────────────────────────.V subroutine───────────────────────*/
.v: upper ?.v /*video mode, Normal -or- Reverse*/
?.v=left(?.v, 1)
if pos(?.v, " NR")==0 then call er 55, ?.v '.V='
if ?.v==' ' | ?.v=='N' then ?.v=
return
 
/*──────────────────────────────────.W subroutine───────────────────────*/
.w: if ?.q then return
if ?.wb\=='' then ?.wb=tb(?.wb, 'WB')
 
ww=translate(?.w,,"_")
if ww='dd'x then ww = "press any key to continue ..."
if ww='de'x then ww = "press the ENTER key to continue ..."
call '$T' ".C=yel" translate(ww,?.wb,' ')
if ww='dd'x then call inkey
if ww='de'x then pull external
return
 
/*──────────────────────────────────.X subroutine───────────────────────*/
.x: call wn 'X', -sw(), sw()
x2 = copies(?.xb, abs(?.x))
if ?.x<0 then x1=x2
LLx = length(x1 || x2)
return
 
/*──────────────────────────────────.XK subroutine──────────────────────*/
.xk: do ##=1
parse var @ _ (xk) @
if _=='' & @=="" then leave
tx.## = _
if @\=='' then tx.## = tx.## || ?.k
tx.## = strip(tx.##)
LLk = max(LLk, length(tx.##))
end /*##*/
##=##-1
return
 
/*──────────────────────────────────.Z subroutine───────────────────────*/
.z: _z=word(arg(1) ?.z, 1) /*snore subroutine: zzzzzz... */
if _z=0 then return
if !cms then call cp 'SLEEP' _z "SEC"
if !dos then call delay _z
return
 
/*──────────────────────────────────BEEPS subroutine────────────────────*/
beeps: if \!dos & !pcrexx then return /*can this OS handle sounds? */
 
do jb=1 for abs(arg(1))
if jb\==1 then call delay .1
 
do jb_=1 for words(?.bf)
call sound word(?.bf, jb_), word(word(?.bd,jb_) .2,1)
end /*jb_*/
end /*jb */
return
 
/*──────────────────────────────────BLOCKER subroutine──────────────────*/
blocker: do jc=1 for LL /*process some blocked characters*/
chbit.jc = $block(substr(_, jc, 1))
end /*jc*/
bcl = ?.block
bcs = 1
 
if bcl<0 then do
bcl=-bcl
bcs=3*bcl-2
end
 
if _=='' then _=' '
tbc = ?.bc
if tbc=='' then tbc=_
tbc = left(copies(tbc,1+sw()%length(tbc)),sw())
 
do jl=bcs to 3*bcl by 3
_ = copies(?.bb, max(1, 12*LL+?.bs*LL-?.bs))
bix = 1
do jo=1 for LL
_ = overlay(translate(x2b(substr(chbit.jo, jl, 3)),,
substr(tbc, jo, 1)?.bb, 10), _, bix)
bix = max(1, bix+?.bs+12)
end /*jo*/
call tellIt _
end /*jl*/
 
return
 
/*──────────────────────────────────COLORS subroutine───────────────────*/
colors: arg hue,__,cc#,cc /*verify/handle synonymous colors*/
dark = left(hue,4)=='DARK'
if dark then hue = substr(hue,5)
if hue=='BRITE' | hue=="BRIGHT" then hue = 'WHITE'
if left(hue,5)=='BRITE' then hue = substr(hue,6)
if left(hue,6)=="BRIGHT" then hue = substr(hue,7)
if abbrev('MAGENTA',hue,3) then hue = "PINK"
if abbrev('CYAN' ,hue,3) then hue = "TURQUOIS"
if hue=='GREY' then hue = "GRAY"
 
do jj=1 to words(hues) by 2
ahue=word(hues,jj)
if abbrev(ahue,hue,3) then do
cc=word(hues,jj+1)
hue=ahue
leave
end
end /*jj*/
 
if cc=='' then call er 50, "color" '.'__"="hue
if dark & left(cc,2)=='1;' then cc="0"substr(cc,2)
 
if !cms then do
if hue='GRAY' | hue=="BLACK" then hue='WHITE'
if hue="BROWN" then hue='YELLOW'
end
 
color.cc# = hue
colorC.cc# = esc || cc'm'
return
 
/*──────────────────────────────────CPMORE subroutine───────────────────*/
cpMore: call cp 'QUERY TERM', 9 /*parse CP TERMINAL for MORE,HOLD*/
__=
do jj=1 for cp.0
__=__ cp.jj
end /*jj*/
 
parse upper var __ 'MORE' more ',' 1 'HOLD' hold ','
if _>9998 & more\=='' then call cp 'TERMINAL MORE 0 0'
if _>99999998 & hold\=='' then call cp 'TERMINAL HOLD OFF'
return
 
/*──────────────────────────────────DSAY subroutine─────────────────────*/
dsay: if ?.q then return /*do SAY subroutine, write to scr*/
dsay_ = strip(translate(arg(1), , '0'x), 'T')
say dsay_
LLd = length(dsay_) /*length of last line displayed. */
return
 
/*──────────────────────────────────HIGHLIGHT subroutine────────────────*/
highLight: do _=1 for 7
hhl._ = color._\==''
hics._ = left(hh._,1)
hice._ = right(hh._,1)
 
if hhl._ then do
minhic= min(_,minhic); shics= shics || hics._
maxhic= max(_,maxhic); ehics= ehics || hice._
end
end /*_*/
 
ahics=shics || ehics
return
 
/*──────────────────────────────────HUE subroutine──────────────────────*/
hue: hue#=max(1, hue#+arg(1))
__=arg(2)
if __\=='' then hue.hue#=__
_=
return
 
/*──────────────────────────────────INCHES Subroutine───────────────────*/
inches: /*handle RULER and SCALE stuff.*/
_ = kw('RULERB') kw('SCALEB') kw('SCALEP') kw('SCALED')
 
if arg(2) then _=$scale(?.scale _ 'Q')
else _=$scale(?.ruler 'RULE' _ 'Q')
 
parse var _ _.1 '9'x _.2 '9'x _.3
 
do jk=1 for 3
_=_.jk
if _\=='' then call wit _
end /*jk*/
return
 
/*──────────────────────────────────MS subroutine───────────────────────*/
ms: #ms=#ms+1 /*justification and indentation. */
parse arg _i
 
select
when ?.j=='' then nop
when ?.N=='N' then nop
when length(_i)>=sw()-1 then nop
when ?.j=='C' then _i = centre(_i, sw()-1, ?.jb)
when ?.j=='L' then _i = strip(_i)
when ?.j=='R' then _i = right(strip(_i, "T"), sw()-1)
when ?.j=='J' then _i = justify(_i, sw()-1, ?.jb)
end /*select*/
 
mm.#ms=strip(indent || _i,'T')
return
 
/*──────────────────────────────────SAYALINE subroutine──────────────────*/
sayAline:
 
do jj=?.s to #ms for ?.o
if skp() then iterate
 
if \?.q then do
if !cms then '$CLEAR .WL='?.L _mm
if !dos then call dsay,
esc || (?.L-1) || ";0f"colorC.0 || _mm || scr0
end
call wr _mm
?.L=?.L+1
if ?.L>sd() then ?.L=1
end /*jj*/
 
return
 
/*──────────────────────────────────SAYBRITE subroutine─────────────────*/
sayBrite: do jj=?.s to #ms for ?.o
if skp() then iterate
call wr _mm
if ?.q then iterate
 
if !cms then '$CLEAR .C=BRITE' _mm
else if !dos then call dsay colorC.0 || _mm || scr0
end /*jj*/
return
 
/*──────────────────────────────────SAYNLINE subroutine─────────────────*/
sayNline: do jj=?.s to #ms for ?.o
if skp() then iterate
 
if !dos then do
if ?.c=='' then call dsay _mm
else call dsay colorC.0 || _mm || scr0
call wr _mm
end
else call wit _mm
end /*jj*/
return
 
/*──────────────────────────────────SAYHIGHLIGHT subroutine─────────────*/
sayHighlight:
 
do jj=?.s to #ms for ?.o
if skp() then iterate
 
if !cms then do
if \?.q then '$CLEAR .C=HIGHL' _mm
iterate
end
 
lenmm=length(_mm)
__=verify(_mm,ahics,'M')
 
if __==0 then hc=lenmm+1
else hc=__
_xx=hue.1
if hc>1 then _xx=_xx || left(_mm, hc-1)
 
do jl=hc to lenmm
_=substr(_mm,jl,1)
 
do jc=minhic to maxhic
if hhl.jc then if _==hics.jc then call hue 1, colorC.jc
else if _==hice.jc then call hue -1
end /*jc*/
 
if _=='' then _xx=_xx" "
__=verify(substr(_mm, jl+1), ahics, 'M')
 
if __==0 then pl=lenmm-jl+1
else pl=__
 
if pl==1 then iterate
_xx=_xx || hue.hue# || substr(_mm, jl+1, pl-1)
jl=jl+pl-1
end /*jl*/
 
if length(_xx)>sw() then if lenmm<=sw() then _xx = esc's'_xx || esc"u"
call dsay _xx || scr0
call wr _mm
end /*jj*/
 
return
 
/*──────────────────────────────────SKP subroutine──────────────────────*/
skp: if (onlyo\=='' & onlyo\==jj) |,
(onlys\=="" & onlys ==jj) then return 1
_mm = mm.jj
return 0
 
/*──────────────────────────────────TB subroutine───────────────────────*/
tb: tb=arg(1) /*test|verify Blank specification*/
if tb=='' then return left(arg(3), 1)
if length(tb)==2 then return valn("'"tb"'X", arg(2), 'X')
if length(tb)>1 then call er 30, tb "."arg(2)'=' 1
return tb
 
/*──────────────────────────────────TELLIT subroutine───────────────────*/
tellIt: ___=arg(1) /*tell it to the display terminal*/
___ = x1 || ___ || x2
if boxing then ___=bx.8 || ?.eb || ___ || ?.eb || bx.4
call ms ___
return
 
/*──────────────────────────────────VALN subroutine─────────────────────*/
valn: procedure; parse arg x,n,k /*validate number (dec,bin,hex). */
_ = left(x, 1)
v = "."n'='
if (_\=='"' & _\=="'") | ((right(x,2)\==_||k) & k\=='') then return x
arg ' ' -1 t
x = substr(x,2,length(x)-3)
_ = length(x)
 
if t=='X' then do
if \datatype(x, t) then call er 40, x v
return x2c(x)
end
 
if t=='B' then do
if \datatype(x, t) then call er 91, x v
return x2c(b2x(x))
end
 
if \datatype(x, 'W') then call er 53, x v
return d2c(x)
 
/*──────────────────────────────────VEREB subroutine────────────────────*/
VEReb: if arg(1)==0 then return /*character for Extra Blank(s). */
eb_ = x1 || copies(?.eb,tLL)x2
if boxing then eb_ = bx.8 || ?.eb || eb_ || ?.eb || bx.4
 
do jeb=1 for arg(1)
call ms eb_
end /*jeb*/
return
 
/*──────────────────────────────────VMCOLOR subroutine──────────────────*/
VMcolor: if \!cms then return
parse arg c1,c2
if c1\=='' then call cp "SCREEN VMOUT" c1
if c2\=='' then "SET VSCREEN CMS" c2
return
 
/*──────────────────────────────────WN subroutine───────────────────────*/
wn: procedure expose ?. /*normalize, validate N in range.*/
arg z, L, H, d, t
_ = ?.z
parse upper var _ f 2
m = pos(f,'MH')\==0
 
if m | f=='*' then do
_ = (word(d H L sw(),1)) / word(1 2,m+1)substr(_,2)
if \datatype(_,"N") then interpret '_='translate(_,"%",'/')
?.z = _
end
 
if datatype(_,"N") then ?.z = _/1
if \datatype(_,left(t"W",1)) then call er 53, _ '.'z"="
if L\=='' then if _<L | _>H then call er 81,L H _ "value for option ."z'='
return _
 
/*──────────────────────────────────WR subroutine───────────────────────*/
wr: parse arg wr /*write [argument 1] ───> disk. */
if ?.f=='' then return /*Nothing to write? Then skip it.*/
if highL & ahics\=='' then wr=translate(wr,, ahics) /*has highlighting?*/
 
if !cms | !tso then 'EXECIO 1 DISKW' ?.f "(FINIS STRING" wr
else call lineout ?.f, translate(wr, '10'x, "1a"x)
/*(above) Handle E-O-F character.*/
 
call lineout ?.f /*close the file. */
return 0
 
/*═════════════════════════════general 1-line subs═════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════*/
!all: !!=!;!=space(!);upper !;call !fid;!nt=right(!var('OS'),2)=='NT';!cls=word('CLS VMFCLEAR CLRSCREEN',1+!cms+!tso*2);if arg(1)\==1 then return 0;if wordpos(!,'? ?SAMPLES ?AUTHOR ?FLOW')==0 then return 0;!call=']$H';call '$H' !fn !;!call=;return 1
!cal: if symbol('!CALL')\=="VAR" then !call=; return !call
!env: !env='ENVIRONMENT'; if !sys=='MSDOS' | !brexx | !r4 | !roo then !env='SYSTEM'; if !os2 then !env='OS2'!env; !ebcdic=1=='f0'x; if !crx then !env='DOS'; return
!fid: parse upper source !sys !fun !fid . 1 . . !fn !ft !fm .; call !sys; if !dos then do; _=lastpos('\',!fn); !fm=left(!fn,_); !fn=substr(!fn,_+1); parse var !fn !fn '.' !ft; end; return word(0 !fn !ft !fm,1+('0'arg(1)))
!rex: parse upper version !ver !vernum !verdate .; !brexx='BY'==!vernum; !kexx='KEXX'==!ver; !pcrexx='REXX/PERSONAL'==!ver | 'REXX/PC'==!ver; !r4='REXX-R4'==!ver; !regina='REXX-REGINA'==left(!ver,11); !roo='REXX-ROO'==!ver; call !env; return
!sys: !cms=!sys=='CMS'; !os2=!sys=='OS2'; !tso=!sys=='TSO' | !sys=='MVS'; !vse=!sys=='VSE'; !dos=pos('DOS',!sys)\==0 | pos('WIN',!sys)\==0 | !sys=='CMD'; !crx=left(!sys,6)=='DOSCRX'; call !rex; return
!var: call !fid; if !kexx then return space(dosenv(arg(1))); return space(value(arg(1),,!env))
.a: call wn 'A',-99,99,sd(); ?.ab=tb(?.ab,'AB'); return
$block: !call='$BLOCK'; call '$BLOCK' arg(1); !call=; return result
$mkdir: !call='$MKDIR'; call '$MKDIR' arg(1); !call=; return result
$scale: !call='$SCALE'; call '$SCALE' arg(1); !call=; return result
cp: "EXECIO" '0'arg(2) "CP(STEM CP. STRING" arg(1); return rc
er: parse arg _1,_2; call '$ERR' "14"p(_1) p(word(_1,2) !fid(1)) _2; if _1<0 then return _1; exit result
p: return word(arg(1),1)
halt: call er .1
kw: parse arg kw; return kw c2x(?.kw)
lower: return translate(arg(1),@abc,@abcu)
noValue: !sigl=sigl; call er 17,!fid(2) !fid(3) !sigl condition('D') sourceline(!sigl)
proper: procedure; arg f 2; parse arg 2 r; return f || r
sd: if ?.scrdepth=='' then parse value scrsize() with ?.scrdepth ?.linesize .; return ?.scrdepth
sw: if ?.linesize=='' then ?.linesize=linesize(); return ?.linesize
syntax: !sigl=sigl; call er 13,!fid(2) !fid(3) !sigl !cal() condition('D') sourceline(!sigl)
wit: call dsay arg(1); call wr arg(1); return
 
 
 
</lang>
 
=== REXX CHANGESTR function ===
This version of the &nbsp; '''changestr''' &nbsp; BIF has more functionality than the standard BIF.
 
<lang rexx>/*REXX program emulates the CHANGESTR built-in function for older REXXes*/
/*──── This version has more functionality: limit the number of changes.*/
/*──── start of change occurrence#.*/
/*──── start of change position. */
 
/*╔══════════════════════════ CHANGESTR function ══════════════════════╗
╔═╩════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╩═╗
║ The CHANGESTR function is used to replace some or all occurrences of an║
║ (old) string in a haystack with a new string. The changed string is ║
║ returned. If the haystack doesn't contain the old string, the ║
║ original haystack is returned. If the old string is a null string, ║
║ then the original string is prefixed with the new string. ║
║ ║
║ new string to be used►──────────┐ ┌─────◄limit of # changes (times).║
║ original string (haystack)►──────┐ │ │ [default: ≈ one billion]║
║ old string to be replaced►──┐ │ │ │ ┌────◄begin at this occurrence #║
║ {O, H, and N can be null.} │ │ │ │ │ ┌──◄start position (default=1)║
╚═╦════════════════════════════╗ │ │ │ │ │ │ ╔═════════════════════════╦═╝
╚════════════════════════════╝ │ │ │ │ │ │ ╚═════════════════════════╝
↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ */
changestr: parse arg o,h,n,t,b,p,$ f /*T,B,P are optional.*/
t=word(t 999999999 , 1) /*maybe use the default? */
b=word(b 1 , 1) /* " " " " */
p=word(p 1 , 1) /* " " " " */
if arg() < 3 then signal syntax /*not enough arguments. */
if arg() > 6 then signal syntax /*too many arguments. */
if \datatype(t,'W') then signal syntax /*4th arg not an integer. */
if \datatype(b,'W') then signal syntax /*5th " " " " */
if \datatype(p,'W') then signal syntax /*5th arg " " " */
if t<0 then signal syntax /*4th arg not non-negative*/
if b<1 then signal syntax /*5th arg not positive. */
if p<1 then signal syntax /*6th " " " */
L=length(o) /*length of OLD string. */
if L==0 & t\=0 then return n || h /*changing a null char? */
if p\=1 then do /*if P ¬= 1, adjust F & H.*/
f=left(h, min(p-1, length(h))) /*keep first part intact. */
h=substr(h,p) /*only use this part of H.*/
end /*now, proceed as usual. */
#=0 /*# of changed occurrences*/
do j=1 while # < t /*keep changing, T times. */
parse var h y (o) _ +(L) h /*parse the haystack ··· */
if _=='' then return f || $ || y /*no more left, return. */
$=$ || y /*append the residual txt.*/
if j<b then $=$ || o /*append OLD if too soon. */
else do /*met the occurrence test.*/
$=$ || n /*append the NEW string.*/
#=#+1 /*bump occurrence number.*/
end
end /*j*/ /*Note: most REXX ··· */
/* CHANGESTR BIFs only ···*/
return f || $ || h /* support three options. */</lang>
 
==REXX: Version 2==
'''Translation of''' [[Sudoku#PL/I]]
 
<lang rexx> Parse Arg g.0fid
Select
When g.0fid='?' Then Do
Line 2,724 ⟶ 1,169:
Return
 
exit: Say '*ERROR*' arg(1)</lang>
</syntaxhighlight>
 
{{out}}
<pre>input from d:\_sudoku\in\sdk001.in
Line 2,750 ⟶ 1,197:
8 4 1 2 6 9 7 5 3
2 5 3 7 1 4 9 8 6
9 7 6 3 5 8 1 2 4</pre>
</pre>
 
=== REXX: Versionversion 3 ===
This is version 1 (thanks) cut to the essentials, restructured, and modified
<syntaxhighlight lang="rexx">
<lang rexx>/* REXX ---------------------------------------------------------------
/* REXX ---------------------------------------------------------------
* program to solve nearly every SUDOKU puzzle
* using a number of strategies learned from REXX version 1
Line 2,760 ⟶ 1,209:
* see solve: for details
* Tested with Regina and ooRexx
* See version 2 for a program that solves every valid SUDOKU
*--------------------------------------------------------------------*/
Signal on Halt
Line 3,755 ⟶ 2,205:
Nop
End
Exit 12</lang>
</syntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
<pre>
<pre>process file sdk087.in
process file sdk087.in
Input from sdk087.in
Debug output to 0
Line 3,768 ⟶ 2,220:
. . . . 7 1 5 . .
. . 2 4 . 6 . 1 8
 
&nbsp;
. . . . . 9 . 4 6
. 9 . 6 1 8 . 3 .
6 1 . 7 . . . . 9
 
&nbsp;
4 3 . 8 . 7 6 . .
. . 8 1 4 . . . .
. . 9 . . . . . .
 
&nbsp;
solved
7 4 1 9 8 5 3 6 2
3 8 6 2 7 1 5 9 4
9 5 2 4 3 6 7 1 8
 
&nbsp;
8 2 7 3 5 9 1 4 6
5 9 4 6 1 8 2 3 7
6 1 3 7 2 4 8 5 9
 
&nbsp;
4 3 5 8 9 7 6 2 1
2 6 8 1 4 3 9 7 5
1 7 9 5 6 2 4 8 3</pre>
</pre>
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