Permutations/Derangements: Difference between revisions
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=={{header|Phix}}==
{{libheader|Phix/mpfr}}
<!--<lang Phix>
<span style="color: #008080;">with</span> <span style="color: #008080;">javascript_semantics</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">function</span> <span style="color: #000000;">deranged</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #004080;">sequence</span> <span style="color: #000000;">s1</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #004080;">sequence</span> <span style="color: #000000;">s2</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">for</span> <span style="color: #000000;">i</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span><span style="color: #000000;">1</span> <span style="color: #008080;">to</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">length</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">s1</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span> <span style="color: #008080;">do</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">if</span> <span style="color: #000000;">s1</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">[</span><span style="color: #000000;">i</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">]==</span><span style="color: #000000;">s2</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">[</span><span style="color: #000000;">i</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">]</span> <span style="color: #008080;">then</span> <span style="color: #008080;">return</span> <span style="color: #000000;">0</span> <span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">if</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">for</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">return</span> <span style="color: #000000;">1</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">function</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">function</span> <span style="color: #000000;">derangements</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #004080;">integer</span> <span style="color: #000000;">n</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<span style="color: #004080;">sequence</span> <span style="color: #000000;">ts</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">tagset</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">n</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<span style="color: #004080;">sequence</span> <span style="color: #000000;">res</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">{}</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">for</span> <span style="color: #000000;">i</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span><span style="color: #000000;">1</span> <span style="color: #008080;">to</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">factorial</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">n</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span> <span style="color: #008080;">do</span>
<span style="color: #004080;">sequence</span> <span style="color: #000000;">s</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">permute</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">i</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #000000;">ts</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">if</span> <span style="color: #000000;">deranged</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">s</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #000000;">ts</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span> <span style="color: #008080;">then</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">res</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">append</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">res</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #000000;">s</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">if</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">for</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">return</span> <span style="color: #000000;">res</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">function</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">function</span> <span style="color: #000000;">subfactorial</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #004080;">integer</span> <span style="color: #000000;">n</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">if</span> <span style="color: #000000;">n</span><span style="color: #0000FF;"><</span><span style="color: #000000;">2</span> <span style="color: #008080;">then</span> <span style="color: #008080;">return</span> <span style="color: #000000;">1</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">-</span><span style="color: #000000;">n</span> <span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">if</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">return</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">n</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">-</span><span style="color: #000000;">1</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)*(</span><span style="color: #000000;">subfactorial</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">n</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">-</span><span style="color: #000000;">1</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)+</span><span style="color: #000000;">subfactorial</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">n</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">-</span><span style="color: #000000;">2</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">))</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">function</span>
<span style="color: #0000FF;">?</span><span style="color: #000000;">derangements</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">4</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">for</span> <span style="color: #000000;">n</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span><span style="color: #000000;">0</span> <span style="color: #008080;">to</span> <span style="color: #000000;">9</span> <span style="color: #008080;">do</span>
<span style="color: #7060A8;">printf</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">1</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #008000;">"%d: counted:%d, calculated:%d\n"</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,{</span><span style="color: #000000;">n</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #7060A8;">length</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">derangements</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">n</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)),</span><span style="color: #000000;">subfactorial</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">n</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)})</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">for</span>
<span style="color: #004080;">string</span> <span style="color: #000000;">msg</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #008080;">iff</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #7060A8;">machine_bits</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">()=</span><span style="color: #000000;">32</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">?</span><span style="color: #008000;">" (incorrect on 32-bit!)"</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">:</span><span style="color: #008000;">""</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span> <span style="color: #000080;font-style:italic;">-- (fine on 64-bit)</span>
<span style="color: #7060A8;">printf</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">1</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #008000;">"!20=%d%s\n"</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,{</span><span style="color: #000000;">subfactorial</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">20</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">),</span><span style="color: #000000;">msg</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">})</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">include</span> <span style="color: #004080;">mpfr</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">.</span><span style="color: #000000;">e</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">function</span> <span style="color: #000000;">mpz_sub_factorial</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #004080;">integer</span> <span style="color: #000000;">n</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<span style="color: #000080;font-style:italic;">-- probably not the most efficient way to do this!</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">if</span> <span style="color: #000000;">n</span><span style="color: #0000FF;"><</span><span style="color: #000000;">2</span> <span style="color: #008080;">then</span> <span style="color: #008080;">return</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">sprintf</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #008000;">"%d"</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,{</span><span style="color: #000000;">1</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">-</span><span style="color: #000000;">n</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">})</span> <span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">if</span>
<span style="color: #004080;">mpz</span> <span style="color: #000000;">f</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">mpz_init</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">mpz_sub_factorial</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">n</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">-</span><span style="color: #000000;">1</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)),</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">g</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">mpz_init</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">mpz_sub_factorial</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">n</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">-</span><span style="color: #000000;">2</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">))</span>
<span style="color: #7060A8;">mpz_add</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">f</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #000000;">f</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #000000;">g</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<span style="color: #7060A8;">mpz_mul_si</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">f</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #000000;">f</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #000000;">n</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">-</span><span style="color: #000000;">1</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<span style="color: #004080;">string</span> <span style="color: #000000;">res</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">mpz_get_str</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">f</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<span style="color: #0000FF;">{</span><span style="color: #000000;">f</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #000000;">g</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">}</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">mpz_free</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">({</span><span style="color: #000000;">f</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #000000;">g</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">})</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">return</span> <span style="color: #000000;">res</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">function</span>
<span style="color: #7060A8;">printf</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">1</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #008000;">"!20=%s (mpfr)\n"</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,{</span><span style="color: #000000;">mpz_sub_factorial</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">20</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)})</span>
<!--</lang>-->
{{out}}
<pre>
Line 2,541 ⟶ 2,544:
!20=895014631192902121 (mpfr)
</pre>
<small>(under pwa/p2js you get a trailing "000" instead of "186" for the incorrect result)</small>
{{trans|FreeBASIC}}
A more efficient method of calculating subfactorials (0 should be handled separately, or obviously prepend a 1 and extract with idx+1).<br>
Should you instead of string results want an array of mpz for further calculations, use the mpz_init_set() call as shown:
<!--<lang Phix>
<span style="color: #008080;">with</span> <span style="color: #008080;">javascript_semantics</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">include</span> <span style="color: #004080;">mpfr</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">.</span><span style="color: #000000;">e</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">function</span> <span style="color: #000000;">subfactorial</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #004080;">integer</span> <span style="color: #000000;">n</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<span style="color: #004080;">sequence</span> <span style="color: #000000;">res</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">repeat</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">0</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #000000;">n</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<span style="color: #004080;">mpz</span> <span style="color: #000000;">num</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">mpz_init</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">1</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">for</span> <span style="color: #000000;">i</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span><span style="color: #000000;">1</span> <span style="color: #008080;">to</span> <span style="color: #000000;">n</span> <span style="color: #008080;">do</span>
<span style="color: #7060A8;">mpz_mul_si</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">num</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #000000;">num</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #000000;">i</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">if</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">mpz_odd</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">num</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span> <span style="color: #008080;">then</span>
<span style="color: #7060A8;">mpz_sub_ui</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">num</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #000000;">num</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #000000;">1</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">else</span>
<span style="color: #7060A8;">mpz_add_ui</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">num</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #000000;">num</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #000000;">1</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">if</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">res</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">[</span><span style="color: #000000;">i</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">]</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">mpz_get_str</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">num</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<span style="color: #000080;font-style:italic;">-- res[i] = mpz_init_set(num)</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">for</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">return</span> <span style="color: #000000;">res</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">function</span>
<span style="color: #0000FF;">?</span><span style="color: #7060A8;">extract</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">subfactorial</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">20</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">),</span><span style="color: #7060A8;">tagset</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">9</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)&</span><span style="color: #000000;">20</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<!--</lang>-->
{{out}}
<pre>{"0","1","2","9","44","265","1854","14833","133496","895014631192902121"}</pre>
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