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Write a function to send an email. The function should have parameters for setting From, To and Cc addresses; the Subject, and the message text, and optionally fields for the server name and login details.

If appropriate, explain what notifications of problems/success are given.
Solutions using libraries or functions from the language are preferred, but failing that, external programs can be used with an explanation.
Note how portable the solution given is between operating systems when multi-OS languages are used.

(Remember to obfuscate any sensitive data used in examples)

AutoHotkey

ahk discussion

Library: COM.ahk

<lang autohotkey>sSubject:= "greeting" sText := "hello" sFrom := "ahk@rosettacode" sTo := "whomitmayconcern"

sServer := "smtp.gmail.com" ; specify your SMTP server nPort := 465 ; 25 bTLS := True ; False inputbox, sUsername, Username inputbox, sPassword, password

COM_Init() pmsg := COM_CreateObject("CDO.Message") pcfg := COM_Invoke(pmsg, "Configuration") pfld := COM_Invoke(pcfg, "Fields")

COM_Invoke(pmsg, "Subject", sSubject) COM_Invoke(pmsg, "From", sFrom) COM_Invoke(pmsg, "To", sTo) COM_Invoke(pmsg, "TextBody", sText) COM_Invoke(pmsg, "Send")

COM_Release(pfld) COM_Release(pcfg) COM_Release(pmsg) COM_Term()

Include COM.ahk</lang>

Lotusscript

<lang Lotusscript>Dim session As New NotesSession Dim db As NotesDatabase Dim doc As NotesDocument Set db = session.CurrentDatabase Set doc = New NotesDocument( db ) doc.Form = "Memo" doc.SendTo = "John Doe" doc.Subject = "Subject of this mail" Call doc.Send( False )

</lang>

Java

<lang Java> import java.util.Properties;

import javax.mail.MessagingException; import javax.mail.Session; import javax.mail.Transport; import javax.mail.Message.RecipientType; import javax.mail.internet.InternetAddress; import javax.mail.internet.MimeMessage;

/**

* Mail
*/

public class Mail {

   /** session */
   protected Session session;

   /**
    * Mail constructor.
    * 
    * @param host Host
    */
   public Mail(String host)
   {
       Properties properties = new Properties();
       properties.put("mail.smtp.host", host);

       session = Session.getDefaultInstance(properties);
   }

   /**
    * Send email message.
    * 
    * @param from From
    * @param tos Recipients
    * @param ccs CC Recipients
    * @param subject Subject
    * @param text Text
    * @throws MessagingException
    */
   public void send(String from, String tos[], String ccs[], String subject,
       String text)
       throws MessagingException
   {
       MimeMessage message = new MimeMessage(session);

       message.setFrom(new InternetAddress(from));

       for (String to : tos) {
           message.addRecipient(RecipientType.TO, new InternetAddress(to));
       }

       for (String cc : ccs) {
           message.addRecipient(RecipientType.TO, new InternetAddress(cc));
       }

       message.setSubject(subject);
       message.setText(text);

       Transport.send(message);
   }

} </lang>

Mathematica

Mathematica has the built-in function SendMail, example: <lang Mathematica>SendMail["From" -> "from@email.com", "To" -> "to@email.com",

"Subject" -> "Sending Email from Mathematica", "Body" -> "Hello world!", 
"Server" -> "smtp.email.com"]</lang>

The following options can be specified: <lang Mathematica>"To" "Cc" "Bcc" "Subject" "Body" "Attachments" "From" "Server" "EncryptionProtocol" "Fullname" "Password" "PortNumber" "ReplyTo" "ServerAuthentication" "UserName"</lang> Possible options for EncryptionProtocol are: "SSL","StartTLS" and "TLS". This function should work fine on all the OS's Mathematica runs, which includes the largest 3: Windows, Linux, Mac OSX.

OCaml

using the library smtp-mail-0.1.3

<lang ocaml>let h = Smtp.connect "smtp.gmail.fr";; Smtp.helo h "hostname";; Smtp.mail h "<john.smith@example.com>";; Smtp.rcpt h "<john-doe@example.com>";; let email_header = "\ From: John Smith <john.smith@example.com> To: John Doe <john-doe@example.com> Subject: surprise";; let email_msg = "Happy Birthday";; Smtp.data h (email_header ^ "\r\n\r\n" ^ email_msg);; Smtp.quit h;;</lang>

Perl

This subroutine throws an appropriate error if it fails to connect to the server or authenticate. It should work on any platform Perl does.

<lang perl>use Net::SMTP; use Authen::SASL;

 # Net::SMTP's 'auth' method needs Authen::SASL to work, but
 # this is undocumented, and if you don't have the latter, the
 # method will just silently fail. Hence we explicitly use
 # Authen::SASL here.

sub send_email

{my %o =
    (from => , to => [], cc => [],
     subject => , body => ,
     host => , user => , password => ,
     @_);
 ref $o{$_} or $o{$_} = [$o{$_}] foreach 'to', 'cc';

 my $smtp = new Net::SMTP($o{host} ? $o{host} : ())
     or die q(Couldn't connect to SMTP server);

 $o{password} and
    $smtp->auth($o{user}, $o{password}) ||
    die 'SMTP authentication failed';

 $smtp->mail($o{user});
 $smtp->recipient($_) foreach @{$o{to}}, @{$o{cc}};
 $smtp->data;
 $o{from} and $smtp->datasend("From: $o{from}\n");
 $smtp->datasend('To: ' . join(', ', @{$o{to}}) . "\n");
 @{$o{cc}} and $smtp->datasend('Cc: ' . join(', ', @{$o{cc}}) . "\n");
 $o{subject} and $smtp->datasend("Subject: $o{subject}\n");
 $smtp->datasend("\n$o{body}");
 $smtp->dataend;

 return 1;}</lang>

An example call:

<lang perl>send_email

  from => 'A. T. Tappman',
  to => ['suchandsuch@example.com', 'soandso@example.org'],
  cc => somebodyelse@example.net',
  subject => 'Important message',
  body => 'I yearn for you tragically.',
  host => 'smtp.example.com:587',
  user => 'tappman@example.com',
  password => 'yossarian';</lang>

If the host parameter is omitted, send_email falls back on the SMTP_Hosts defined in Net::Config. Hence, only two arguments are strictly necessary:

<lang perl>send_email

  to => 'suchandsuch@example.com',
  user => 'tappman@example.com';</lang>

PHP

<lang php>mail('hello@world.net', 'My Subject', "A Message!", "From: my@address.com");</lang>

Pike

Untested:

<lang pike>int main(){

  string to         = "some@email.add";
  string subject    = "Hello There.";
  string from       = "me@myaddr.ess";
  string msg        = "Hello there! :)";
  
  Protocols.SMTP.Client()->simple_mail(to,subject,from,msg);

}</lang>

Python

The function returns a dict of any addresses it could not forward to; other connection problems raise errors.
Tested on Windows, it should work on all POSIX platforms.

<lang python>import smtplib

def sendemail(from_addr, to_addr_list, cc_addr_list,

             subject, message,
             login, password,
             smtpserver='smtp.gmail.com:587'):
   header  = 'From: %s\n' % from_addr
   header += 'To: %s\n' % ','.join(to_addr_list)
   header += 'Cc: %s\n' % ','.join(cc_addr_list)
   header += 'Subject: %s\n\n' % subject
   message = header + message
   
   server = smtplib.SMTP(smtpserver)
   server.starttls()
   server.login(login,password)
   problems = server.sendmail(from_addr, to_addr_list, message)
   server.quit()
   return problems</lang>

Example use: <lang python>sendemail(from_addr = 'python@RC.net',

         to_addr_list = ['RC@gmail.com'],
         cc_addr_list = ['RC@xx.co.uk'], 
         subject      = 'Howdy', 
         message      = 'Howdy from a python function', 
         login        = 'pythonuser', 
         password     = 'XXXXX')</lang>

Sample Email received:

Message-ID: <4a4a1e78.0717d00a.1ba8.ffcfdbdd@xx.google.com>
Date: Tue, 30 Jun 2009 22:04:56 -0700 (PDT)
From: python@RC.net
To: RC@gmail.com
Cc: RC@xx.co.uk
Subject: Howdy

Howdy from a python function

R

Library: tcltk

Library: gdata

Library: caTools

R does not have a built-in facility for sending emails though some code for this, written by Ben Bolker, is available here.

Ruby

Uses the

Library: RubyGems

gems TMail which allows us to manipulate email objects conveniently, and mime-types which guesses a file's mime type based on its filename.

<lang ruby>require 'base64' require 'net/smtp' require 'tmail' require 'mime/types'

class Email

 def initialize(from, to, subject, body, options={})
   @opts = {:attachments => [], :server => 'localhost'}.update(options)
   @msg = TMail::Mail.new
   @msg.from    = from
   @msg.to      = to
   @msg.subject = subject
   @msg.cc      = @opts[:cc]  if @opts[:cc]
   @msg.bcc     = @opts[:bcc] if @opts[:bcc]

   if @opts[:attachments].empty?
     # just specify the body
     @msg.body = body
   else
     # attach attachments, including the body
     @msg.body = "This is a multi-part message in MIME format.\n"

     msg_body = TMail::Mail.new
     msg_body.body = body
     msg_body.set_content_type("text","plain", {:charset => "ISO-8859-1"})
     @msg.parts << msg_body

     octet_stream = MIME::Types['application/octet-stream']

     @opts[:attachments].select {|file| File.readable?(file)}.each do |file|
       mime_type = MIME::Types.type_for(file).first || octet_stream
       @msg.parts << create_attachment(file, mime_type)
     end
   end
 end
 attr_reader :msg

 def create_attachment(file, mime_type)
   attach = TMail::Mail.new
   if mime_type.binary?
     attach.body = Base64.encode64(File.read(file))
     attach.transfer_encoding = 'base64'
   else
     attach.body = File.read(file)
   end
   attach.set_disposition("attachment", {:filename => file})
   attach.set_content_type(mime_type.media_type, mime_type.sub_type, {:name=>file})
   attach
 end

 # instance method to send an Email object
 def send
   args = @opts.values_at(:server, :port, :helo, :username, :password, :authtype)
   Net::SMTP.start(*args) do |smtp|
     smtp.send_message(@msg.to_s, @msg.from[0], @msg.to)
   end
 end

 # class method to construct an Email object and send it
 def self.send(*args)
   self.new(*args).send
 end

end

Email.send(

 'sender@sender.invalid',
 %w{ recip1@recipient.invalid recip2@example.com },
 'the subject',
 "the body\nhas lines",
 {
   :attachments => %w{ file1 file2 file3 },
   :server => 'mail.example.com',
   :helo => 'sender.invalid',
   :username => 'user',
   :password => 'secret'
 }

)</lang>

Tcl

Library: tcllib

Also may use the tls package (needed for sending via gmail). <lang tcl>package require smtp package require mime package require tls

set gmailUser ******* set gmailPass hunter2; # Hello, bash.org!

proc send_simple_message {recipient subject body} {

   global gmailUser gmailPass

   # Build the message
   set token [mime::initialize -canonical text/plain -string $body]
   mime::setheader $token Subject $subject

   # Send it!
   smtp::sendmessage $token -userame $gamilUser -password $gmailPass \
           -recipients $recipient -servers smtp.gmail.com -ports 587

   # Clean up
   mime::finalize $token

}

send_simple_message recipient@example.com "Testing" "This is a test message."</lang>