Flipping bits game: Difference between revisions
(→{{header|Kotlin}}: Removed 'incorrect example' warning as now fixed.) |
(→{{header|Kotlin}}: Updated example see https://github.com/dkandalov/rosettacode-kotlin for details) |
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/** starting from the target we make 9 random row or column flips */ |
/** starting from the target we make 9 random row or column flips */ |
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fun initBoard() { |
fun initBoard() { |
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for (i in 0..2) { |
for (i in 0..2) { |
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} |
} |
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return true |
return true |
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} |
} |
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fun main(args: Array<String>) { |
fun main(args: Array<String>) { |
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print("Enter row number or column letter to be flipped: ") |
print("Enter row number or column letter to be flipped: ") |
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val input = readLine()!! |
val input = readLine()!! |
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val ch = if (input. |
val ch = if (input.isNotEmpty()) input[0].toLowerCase() else '0' |
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if (ch !in "123abc") { |
if (ch !in "123abc") { |
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println("Must be 1, 2, 3, a, b or c") |
println("Must be 1, 2, 3, a, b or c") |
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if (ch in '1'..'3') { |
if (ch in '1'..'3') { |
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n = ch.toInt() - 49 |
n = ch.toInt() - 49 |
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} |
} |
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else { |
else { |
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isRow = false |
isRow = false |
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if (isRow) flipRow(n) else flipCol(n) |
if (isRow) flipRow(n) else flipCol(n) |
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val plural = if (flips == 1) "" else "S" |
val plural = if (flips == 1) "" else "S" |
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printBoard("\nBOARD AFTER $flips FLIP$plural") |
printBoard("\nBOARD AFTER $flips FLIP$plural") |
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} |
} |
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while (!gameOver()) |
while (!gameOver()) |
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val plural = if (flips == 1) "" else "s" |
val plural = if (flips == 1) "" else "s" |
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println("You've succeeded in $flips flip$plural") |
println("You've succeeded in $flips flip$plural") |
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}</lang> |
}</lang> |
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Revision as of 21:51, 27 August 2017
You are encouraged to solve this task according to the task description, using any language you may know.
- The game
Given an N by N square array of zeroes or ones in an initial configuration, and a target configuration of zeroes and ones The task is to transform one to the other in as few moves as possible by inverting whole numbered rows or whole lettered columns at once, as one move.
In an inversion any 1 becomes 0, and any 0 becomes 1 for that whole row or column.
- Task
Create a program to score for the Flipping bits game.
- The game should create an original random target configuration and a starting configuration.
- Ensure that the starting position is never the target position.
- The target position must be guaranteed as reachable from the starting position. (One possible way to do this is to generate the start position by legal flips from a random target position. The flips will always be reversible back to the target from the given start position).
- The number of moves taken so far should be shown.
Show an example of a short game here, on this page, for a 3 by 3 array of bits.
Ada
This solution determines the size of the playground from the command line.
<lang Ada>with Ada.Text_IO, Ada.Command_Line, Ada.Numerics.Discrete_Random;
procedure Flip_Bits is
subtype Letter is Character range 'a' .. 'z';
Last_Col: constant letter := Ada.Command_Line.Argument(1)(1);
Last_Row: constant Positive := Positive'Value(Ada.Command_Line.Argument(2));
package Boolean_Rand is new Ada.Numerics.Discrete_Random(Boolean);
Gen: Boolean_Rand.Generator;
type Matrix is array
(Letter range 'a' .. Last_Col, Positive range 1 .. Last_Row) of Boolean;
function Rand_Mat return Matrix is
M: Matrix;
begin
for I in M'Range(1) loop
for J in M'Range(2) loop M(I,J) := Boolean_Rand.Random(Gen); end loop;
end loop;
return M;
end Rand_Mat;
function Rand_Mat(Start: Matrix) return Matrix is
M: Matrix := Start;
begin
for I in M'Range(1) loop
if Boolean_Rand.Random(Gen) then for J in M'Range(2) loop M(I,J) := not M(I, J); end loop; end if;
end loop;
for I in M'Range(2) loop
if Boolean_Rand.Random(Gen) then for J in M'Range(1) loop M(J,I) := not M(J, I); end loop; end if;
end loop;
return M;
end Rand_Mat;
procedure Print(Message: String; Mat: Matrix) is
package NIO is new Ada.Text_IO.Integer_IO(Natural);
begin
Ada.Text_IO.New_Line;
Ada.Text_IO.Put_Line(Message);
Ada.Text_IO.Put(" ");
for Ch in Matrix'Range(1) loop
Ada.Text_IO.Put(" " & Ch);
end loop;
Ada.Text_IO.New_Line;
for I in Matrix'Range(2) loop
NIO.Put(I, Width => 3); for Ch in Matrix'Range(1) loop Ada.Text_IO.Put(if Mat(Ch, I) then " 1" else " 0"); end loop;
Ada.Text_IO.New_Line;
end loop;
end Print;
Current, Target: Matrix;
Moves: Natural := 0;
begin
-- choose random Target and start ("Current") matrices
Boolean_Rand.Reset(Gen);
Target := Rand_Mat;
loop
Current := Rand_Mat(Target);
exit when Current /= Target;
end loop;
Print("Target:", Target);
-- print and modify Current matrix, until it is identical to Target
while Current /= Target loop
Moves := Moves + 1;
Print("Current move #" & Natural'Image(Moves), Current);
Ada.Text_IO.Put_Line("Flip row 1 .." & Positive'Image(Last_Row) &
" or column 'a' .. '" & Last_Col & "'");
declare
S: String := Ada.Text_IO.Get_Line; function Let(S: String) return Character is (S(S'First)); function Val(Str: String) return Positive is (Positive'Value(Str));
begin
if Let(S) in 'a' .. Last_Col then for I in Current'Range(2) loop Current(Let(S), I) := not Current(Let(S), I); end loop; else for I in Current'Range(1) loop Current(I, Val(S)) := not Current(I, Val(S)); end loop; end if;
end;
end loop;
-- summarize the outcome
Ada.Text_IO.Put_Line("Done after" & Natural'Image(Moves) & " Moves.");
end Flip_Bits;</lang>
- Output:
For a 3*3-Matrix, the command line input is "c 3".
>./flip_bits c 3
Target:
a b c
1 1 0 1
2 1 0 0
3 1 0 0
Current move # 1
a b c
1 1 0 0
2 1 0 1
3 0 1 0
Flip row 1 .. 3 or column 'a' .. 'c'
3
Current move # 2
a b c
1 1 0 0
2 1 0 1
3 1 0 1
Flip row 1 .. 3 or column 'a' .. 'c'
c
Done after 2 Moves.
AutoHotkey
Uploads are currently disabled, so since a GUI is used, I can't show an example. <lang ahk>size := 3 ; max 26 Gui, Add, Button, , O Loop, %size% { x := chr(A_Index+64) If x = A Loop, %size% Gui, Add, Button, y+4 gFlip, % A_Index Gui, Add, Button, ym gFlip, % x Loop, %size% { y := A_Index Random, %x%%y%, 0, 1 Gui, Add, Edit, v%x%%y% ReadOnly, % %x%%y% } } Gui, Add, Text, ym, Moves:`nTarget: Loop, %size% { x := chr(A_Index+64) Loop, %size% { y := A_Index Gui, Add, Edit, % y=1 ? x="A" ? "xp+0 ym+30" : "x+14 ym+30" : "" . "ReadOnly vt" x y, % t%x%%y% := %x%%y% } }Gui, Add, Text, xp-18 ym w30 Right vMoves, % Moves:=1
- randomize
While (i < size) { Random, z, 1, %size% Random, x, 0, 1 z := x ? chr(z+64) : z Solution .= z ; to cheat If Flip(z, size) i := 0 ; ensure we are not at the solution Else i++ ; count } Gui, Show, NA Return
Flip(z, size) { Loop, %size% { If z is alpha GuiControl, , %z%%A_Index%, % %z%%A_Index% := !%z%%A_Index% Else { AIndex := chr(A_Index+64) GuiControl, , %AIndex%%z%, % %AIndex%%z% := !%AIndex%%z% } } Loop, %size% { x := chr(A_Index+64) Loop, %size% { y := A_Index If (%x%%y% != t%x%%y%) Return 0 } } Return 1 }
Flip: GuiControl, , Moves, % Moves++ If Flip(A_GuiControl, size) { Msgbox Success in %Moves% moves! Reload } Return
ButtonO: Reload Return
GuiEscape: GuiClose: ExitApp Return</lang>
C
<lang c>
- include <stdio.h>
- include <stdlib.h>
int i, j;
void fliprow(int **b, int sz, int n) { for(i = 0; i < sz; i++) b[n+1][i] = !b[n+1][i]; }
void flipcol(int **b, int sz, int n) { for(i = 1; i <= sz; i++) b[i][n] = !b[i][n]; }
void initt(int **t, int sz) { for(i = 1; i <= sz; i++) for(j = 0; j < sz; j++) t[i][j] = rand()%2; }
void initb(int **t, int **b, int sz) { for(i = 1; i <= sz; i++) for(j = 0; j < sz; j++) b[i][j] = t[i][j];
for(i = 1; i <= sz; i++) fliprow(b, sz, rand()%sz+1); for(i = 0; i < sz; i++) flipcol(b, sz, rand()%sz); }
void printb(int **b, int sz) { printf(" "); for(i = 0; i < sz; i++) printf(" %d", i); printf("\n");
for(i = 1; i <= sz; i++) { printf("%d", i-1); for(j = 0; j < sz; j++) printf(" %d", b[i][j]); printf("\n"); }
printf("\n"); }
int eq(int **t, int **b, int sz) { for(i = 1; i <= sz; i++) for(j = 0; j < sz; j++) if(b[i][j] != t[i][j]) return 0; return 1; }
void main() { int sz = 3; int eql = 0; int mov = 0; int **t = malloc(sz*(sizeof(int)+1)); for(i = 1; i <= sz; i++) t[i] = malloc(sz*sizeof(int));
int **b = malloc(sz*(sizeof(int)+1)); for(i = 1; i <= sz; i++) b[i] = malloc(sz*sizeof(int)); char roc; int n; initt(t, sz); initb(t, b, sz);
while(eq(t, b, sz)) initb(t, b, sz);
while(!eql) { printf("Target: \n"); printb(t, sz); printf("Board: \n"); printb(b, sz); printf("What to flip: "); scanf(" %c", &roc); scanf(" %d", &n);
switch(roc) { case 'r': fliprow(b, sz, n); break; case 'c': flipcol(b, sz, n); break; default: perror("Please specify r or c and an number"); break; }
printf("Moves Taken: %d\n", ++mov);
if(eq(t, b, sz)) { printf("You win!\n"); eql = 1; } } } </lang>
- Output:
Target: 0 1 2 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 2 0 0 1 Board: 0 1 2 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 2 1 1 1 What to flip: r2 Moves Taken: 1 Target: 0 1 2 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 2 0 0 1 Board: 0 1 2 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 2 0 0 0 What to flip: c2 Moves Taken: 2 You win!
C++
<lang cpp>
- include <time.h>
- include <iostream>
- include <string>
typedef unsigned char byte; using namespace std;
class flip { public:
flip() { field = 0; target = 0; }
void play( int w, int h ) { wid = w; hei = h; createField(); gameLoop(); }
private:
void gameLoop()
{
int moves = 0; while( !solved() ) { display(); string r; cout << "Enter rows letters and/or column numbers: "; cin >> r; for( string::iterator i = r.begin(); i != r.end(); i++ ) { byte ii = ( *i ); if( ii - 1 >= '0' && ii - 1 <= '9' ) { flipCol( ii - '1' ); moves++; } else if( ii >= 'a' && ii <= 'z' ) { flipRow( ii - 'a' ); moves++; } } } cout << endl << endl << "** Well done! **" << endl << "Used " << moves << " moves." << endl << endl;
}
void display()
{ system( "cls" ); output( "TARGET:", target ); output( "YOU:", field ); }
void output( string t, byte* f )
{
cout << t << endl; cout << " "; for( int x = 0; x < wid; x++ ) cout << " " << static_cast<char>( x + '1' ); cout << endl; for( int y = 0; y < hei; y++ ) { cout << static_cast<char>( y + 'a' ) << " "; for( int x = 0; x < wid; x++ ) cout << static_cast<char>( f[x + y * wid] + 48 ) << " "; cout << endl; } cout << endl << endl;
}
bool solved()
{
for( int y = 0; y < hei; y++ ) for( int x = 0; x < wid; x++ ) if( target[x + y * wid] != field[x + y * wid] ) return false; return true;
}
void createTarget()
{
for( int y = 0; y < hei; y++ ) for( int x = 0; x < wid; x++ ) if( frnd() < .5f ) target[x + y * wid] = 1; else target[x + y * wid] = 0; memcpy( field, target, wid * hei );
}
void flipCol( int c )
{ for( int x = 0; x < hei; x++ ) field[c + x * wid] = !field[c + x * wid]; }
void flipRow( int r )
{ for( int x = 0; x < wid; x++ ) field[x + r * wid] = !field[x + r * wid]; }
void calcStartPos()
{
int flips = ( rand() % wid + wid + rand() % hei + hei ) >> 1; for( int x = 0; x < flips; x++ ) { if( frnd() < .5f ) flipCol( rand() % wid ); else flipRow( rand() % hei ); }
}
void createField()
{
if( field ){ delete [] field; delete [] target; }
int t = wid * hei; field = new byte[t]; target = new byte[t];
memset( field, 0, t ); memset( target, 0, t ); createTarget(); while( true ) { calcStartPos(); if( !solved() ) break; }
}
float frnd() { return static_cast<float>( rand() ) / static_cast<float>( RAND_MAX ); }
byte* field, *target; int wid, hei;
};
int main( int argc, char* argv[] ) { srand( time( NULL ) ); flip g; g.play( 3, 3 ); return system( "pause" ); } </lang>
- Output:
TARGET: 1 2 3 a 0 1 0 b 0 1 0 c 0 1 0 YOU: 1 2 3 a 0 0 0 b 0 0 0 c 1 1 1 Enter rows letters and/or column numbers: 2c ** Well done! ** Used 2 moves.
Clojure
<lang clojure>(defn cols [board]
(mapv vec (apply map list board)))
(defn flipv [v]
(mapv #(if (> % 0) 0 1) v))
(defn flip-row [board n]
(assoc board n (flipv (get board n))))
(defn flip-col [board n]
(cols (flip-row (cols board) n)))
(defn play-rand [board n]
(if (= n 0)
board
(let [f (if (= (rand-int 2) 0) flip-row flip-col)]
(recur (f board (rand-int (count board))) (dec n)))))
(defn rand-binary-vec [size]
(vec (take size (repeatedly #(rand-int 2)))))
(defn rand-binary-board [size]
(vec (take size (repeatedly #(rand-binary-vec size)))))
(defn numbers->letters [coll]
(map #(char (+ 97 %)) coll))
(defn column-labels [size]
(apply str (interpose " " (numbers->letters (range size)))))
(defn print-board [board]
(let [size (count board)] (println "\t " (column-labels size)) (dotimes [n size] (println (inc n) "\t" (board n)))))
(defn key->move [key]
(let [start (int (first key))
row-value (try (Long/valueOf key) (catch NumberFormatException e))]
(cond
(<= 97 start 122) [:col (- start 97)]
(<= 65 start 90) [:col (- start 65)]
(> row-value 0) [:row (dec row-value)]
:else nil)))
(defn play-game [target-board current-board n]
(println "\nTurn " n)
(print-board current-board)
(if (= target-board current-board)
(println "You win!")
(let [move (key->move (read-line))
axis (first move)
idx (second move)]
(cond
(= axis :row) (play-game target-board (flip-row current-board idx) (inc n))
(= axis :col) (play-game target-board (flip-col current-board idx) (inc n))
:else (println "Quitting!")))))
(defn -main
"Flip the Bits Game!"
[& args]
(if-not (empty? args)
(let [target-board (rand-binary-board (Long/valueOf (first args)))]
(println "Target")
(print-board target-board)
(play-game target-board (play-rand target-board 3) 0))))</lang>
- Output:
Target
a b c
1 [1 0 1]
2 [0 1 1]
3 [0 1 1]
Turn 0
a b c
1 [1 0 1]
2 [0 1 1]
3 [1 0 0]
3
Turn 1
a b c
1 [1 0 1]
2 [0 1 1]
3 [0 1 1]
You win!
D
<lang d>import std.stdio, std.random, std.ascii, std.string, std.range,
std.algorithm, std.conv;
enum N = 3; // Board side. static assert(N <= lowercase.length); enum columnIDs = lowercase[0 .. N]; alias Board = ubyte[N][N];
void flipBits(ref Board board, in size_t count=1) {
foreach (immutable _; 0 .. count)
board[uniform(0, $)][uniform(0, $)] ^= 1;
}
void notRow(ref Board board, in size_t i) pure nothrow {
board[i][] ^= 1;
}
void notColumn(ref Board board, in size_t i) pure nothrow {
foreach (ref row; board)
row[i] ^= 1;
}
Board generateGameBoard(in ref Board target) {
// board is generated with many flips, to keep parity unchanged.
Board board = target;
while (board == target)
foreach (immutable _; 0 .. 2 * N)
[¬Row, ¬Column][uniform(0, 2)](board, uniform(0, N));
return board;
}
void show(in ref Board board, in string comment) {
comment.writeln;
writefln(" %-(%c %)", columnIDs);
foreach (immutable j, const row; board)
writefln(" %2d %-(%d %)", j + 1, row);
}
void main() {
"T prints the target, and Q exits.\n".writeln; // Create target and flip some of its bits randomly. Board target; flipBits(target, uniform(0, N) + 1); show(target, "Target configuration is:");
auto board = generateGameBoard(target);
immutable prompt = format(" 1-%d / %s-%s to flip, or T, Q: ",
N, columnIDs[0], columnIDs.back);
uint move = 1;
while (board != target) {
show(board, format("\nMove %d:", move));
prompt.write;
immutable ans = readln.strip;
if (ans.length == 1 && columnIDs.canFind(ans)) {
board.notColumn(columnIDs.countUntil(ans));
move++;
} else if (iota(1, N + 1).map!text.canFind(ans)) {
board.notRow(ans.to!uint - 1);
move++;
} else if (ans == "T") {
show(target, "Target configuration is:");
} else if (ans == "Q") {
return "Game stopped.".writeln;
} else
writefln(" Wrong input '%s'. Try again.\n", ans.take(9));
}
"\nWell done!".writeln;
}</lang>
- Output:
T prints the target, and Q exits.
Target configuration is:
a b c
1 1 1 1
2 0 0 0
3 0 0 0
Move 1:
a b c
1 1 0 0
2 1 0 0
3 1 0 0
1-3 / a-c to flip, or T, Q: a
Move 2:
a b c
1 0 0 0
2 0 0 0
3 0 0 0
1-3 / a-c to flip, or T, Q: 1
Well done!
Elixir
<lang elixir>defmodule Flip_game do
@az Enum.map(?a..?z, &List.to_string([&1]))
@in2i Enum.concat(Enum.map(1..26, fn i -> {to_string(i), i} end),
Enum.with_index(@az) |> Enum.map(fn {c,i} -> {c,-i-1} end))
|> Enum.into(Map.new)
def play(n) when n>2 do
target = generate_target(n)
display(n, "Target: ", target)
board = starting_config(n, target)
play(n, target, board, 1)
end
def play(n, target, board, moves) do
display(n, "Board: ", board)
ans = IO.gets("row/column to flip: ") |> String.strip |> String.downcase
new_board = case @in2i[ans] do
i when i in 1..n -> flip_row(n, board, i)
i when i in -1..-n -> flip_column(n, board, -i)
_ -> IO.puts "invalid input: #{ans}"
board
end
if target == new_board do
display(n, "Board: ", new_board)
IO.puts "You solved the game in #{moves} moves"
else
IO.puts ""
play(n, target, new_board, moves+1)
end
end
defp generate_target(n) do
for i <- 1..n, j <- 1..n, into: Map.new, do: {{i, j}, :rand.uniform(2)-1}
end
defp starting_config(n, target) do
Enum.concat(1..n, -1..-n)
|> Enum.take_random(n)
|> Enum.reduce(target, fn x,acc ->
if x>0, do: flip_row(n, acc, x),
else: flip_column(n, acc, -x)
end)
end
defp flip_row(n, board, row) do
Enum.reduce(1..n, board, fn col,acc ->
Map.update!(acc, {row,col}, fn bit -> 1 - bit end)
end)
end
defp flip_column(n, board, col) do
Enum.reduce(1..n, board, fn row,acc ->
Map.update!(acc, {row,col}, fn bit -> 1 - bit end)
end)
end
defp display(n, title, board) do
IO.puts title
IO.puts " #{Enum.join(Enum.take(@az,n), " ")}"
Enum.each(1..n, fn row ->
:io.fwrite "~2w ", [row]
IO.puts Enum.map_join(1..n, " ", fn col -> board[{row, col}] end)
end)
end
end
Flip_game.play(3)</lang>
- Output:
Target: a b c 1 1 0 1 2 0 1 1 3 0 1 1 Board: a b c 1 0 1 1 2 0 1 0 3 1 0 1 row/column to flip: 2 Board: a b c 1 0 1 1 2 1 0 1 3 1 0 1 row/column to flip: a Board: a b c 1 1 1 1 2 0 0 1 3 0 0 1 row/column to flip: b Board: a b c 1 1 0 1 2 0 1 1 3 0 1 1 You solved the game in 3 moves
Fortran
This version uses some routines (like rand(), srand() and date_and_time()) from the GNU Fortran compiler. Formats are used to print data on the screen in an appropriate manner. The number of rows (or columns) is a variable and the current implementation allows for any number between 1 and 10. Incorrect inputs are also verified.
<lang Fortran> !Implemented by Anant Dixit (October 2014) program flipping_bits implicit none character(len=*), parameter :: cfmt = "(A3)", ifmt = "(I3)" integer :: N, i, j, io, seed(8), moves, input logical, allocatable :: Brd(:,:), Trgt(:,:) logical :: solved double precision :: r
do
write(*,*) 'Enter the number of squares (between 1 and 10) you would like: ' read(*,*,iostat=io) N if(N.gt.0 .and. N.le.10 .and. io.eq.0) exit write(*,*) 'Please, an integer between 1 and 10'
end do
allocate(Brd(N,N),Trgt(N,N)) call date_and_time(values=seed) call srand(1000*seed(7)+seed(8)+60000*seed(6)) do i = 1,N
do j = 1,N
r = rand()
if(r.gt.0.5D0) then
Brd(i,j) = .TRUE.
Trgt(i,j) = .TRUE.
else
Brd(i,j) = .FALSE.
Trgt(i,j) = .FALSE.
end if
end do
end do ! Random moves taken by the program to `create' a target moves = N do i = 1,moves
r = 1+2.0D0*dble(N)*rand() - 1.0D-17 !Only to make sure that the number is between 1 and 2N (less than 2N-1)
if(floor(r).le.N) then
do j = 1,N
Trgt(floor(r),j) = .NOT.Trgt(floor(r),j)
end do
else
r = r-N
do j = 1,N
Trgt(j,floor(r)) = .NOT.Trgt(j,floor(r))
end do
end if
end do
!This part checks if the target and the starting configurations are same or not. do
input = N
call next_move(Brd,Trgt,N,input,solved)
call next_move(Brd,Trgt,N,input,solved)
if(solved) then
r = 1+2.0D0*dble(N)*rand() - 1.0D-17
if(floor(r).le.N) then
do j = 1,N
Trgt(floor(r),j) = .NOT.Trgt(floor(r),j)
end do
else
r = r-N
do j = 1,N
Trgt(j,floor(r)) = .NOT.Trgt(j,floor(r))
end do
end if
else
exit
end if
end do
write(*,*) 'Welcome to the Flipping Bits game!' write(*,*) 'You have the current position'
moves = 0 call display(Brd,Trgt,N) input = N do
write(*,*) 'Number of moves so far:', moves write(*,*) 'Select the column or row you wish to flip: ' read(*,*,iostat=io) input if(io.eq.0 .and. input.gt.0 .and. input.le.(2*N)) then moves = moves+1 write(*,*) 'Flipping ', input call next_move(Brd,Trgt,N,input,solved) call display(Brd,Trgt,N) if(solved) exit else write(*,*) 'Please enter a valid column or row number. To quit, press Ctrl+C!' end if
end do
write(*,*) 'Congratulations! You finished the game!' write(*,ifmt,advance='no') moves write(*,*) ' moves were taken by you!!' deallocate(Brd,Trgt) end program
subroutine display(Brd,Trgt,N) implicit none !arguments integer :: N logical :: Brd(N,N), Trgt(N,N) !local character(len=*), parameter :: cfmt = "(A3)", ifmt = "(I3)" integer :: i, j write(*,*) 'Current Configuration: ' do i = 0,N
if(i.eq.0) then write(*,cfmt,advance='no') 'R/C' write(*,cfmt,advance='no') ' | ' else write(*,ifmt,advance='no') i end if
end do write(*,*) do i = 0,N
if(i.eq.0) then
do j = 0,N+2
write(*,cfmt,advance='no') '---'
end do
else
write(*,ifmt,advance='no') i+N
write(*,cfmt,advance='no') ' | '
do j = 1,N
if(Brd(i,j)) then
write(*,ifmt,advance='no') 1
else
write(*,ifmt,advance='no') 0
end if
end do
end if
write(*,*)
end do
write(*,*) write(*,*)
write(*,*) 'Target Configuration' do i = 0,N
if(i.eq.0) then write(*,cfmt,advance='no') 'R/C' write(*,cfmt,advance='no') ' | ' else write(*,ifmt,advance='no') i end if
end do write(*,*) do i = 0,N
if(i.eq.0) then
do j = 0,N+2
write(*,cfmt,advance='no') '---'
end do
else
write(*,ifmt,advance='no') i+N
write(*,cfmt,advance='no') ' | '
do j = 1,N
if(Trgt(i,j)) then
write(*,ifmt,advance='no') 1
else
write(*,ifmt,advance='no') 0
end if
end do
end if
write(*,*)
end do write(*,*) write(*,*) end subroutine
subroutine next_move(Brd,Trgt,N,input,solved) implicit none !arguments integer :: N, input logical :: Brd(N,N), Trgt(N,N), solved !others integer :: i,j
if(input.gt.N) then
input = input-N do i = 1,N Brd(input,i) = .not.Brd(input,i) end do
else
do i = 1,N Brd(i,input) = .not.Brd(i,input) end do
end if solved = .TRUE. do i = 1,N
do j = 1,N
if( (.not.Brd(i,j).and.Trgt(i,j)) .or. (Brd(i,j).and..not.Trgt(i,j)) ) then
solved = .FALSE.
exit
end if
end do
if(.not.solved) exit
end do end subroutine </lang>
Example:
./flipping_bits Enter the number of squares (between 1 and 10) you would like: 3 Welcome to the Flipping Bits game! You have the current position Current Configuration: R/C | 1 2 3 ------------ 4 | 1 0 0 5 | 1 1 0 6 | 0 0 0 Target Configuration R/C | 1 2 3 ------------ 4 | 1 1 1 5 | 1 0 1 6 | 1 0 0 Select the column or row you wish to flip: 2 Current Configuration: R/C | 1 2 3 ------------ 4 | 1 1 0 5 | 1 0 0 6 | 0 1 0 Target Configuration R/C | 1 2 3 ------------ 4 | 1 1 1 5 | 1 0 1 6 | 1 0 0 Select the column or row you wish to flip: 3 Current Configuration: R/C | 1 2 3 ------------ 4 | 1 1 1 5 | 1 0 1 6 | 0 1 1 Target Configuration R/C | 1 2 3 ------------ 4 | 1 1 1 5 | 1 0 1 6 | 1 0 0 Select the column or row you wish to flip: 6 Current Configuration: R/C | 1 2 3 ------------ 4 | 1 1 1 5 | 1 0 1 6 | 1 0 0 Target Configuration R/C | 1 2 3 ------------ 4 | 1 1 1 5 | 1 0 1 6 | 1 0 0 Congratulations! You finished the game! 3 moves were taken by you!!
Go
<lang go>package main
import ( "fmt" "math/rand" "time" )
func main() {
rand.Seed(time.Now().UnixNano())
var n int = 3 // Change to define board size var moves int = 0
a := make([][]int, n) for i := range a { a[i] = make([]int, n) for j := range a { a[i][j] = rand.Intn(2) } }
b := make([][]int, len(a))
for i := range a { b[i] = make([]int, len(a[i])) copy(b[i], a[i]) }
for i := rand.Intn(100); i > 0 || compareSlices(a, b) == true; i-- { b = flipCol(b, rand.Intn(n) + 1) b = flipRow(b, rand.Intn(n) + 1) }
fmt.Println("Target:") drawBoard(a) fmt.Println("\nBoard:") drawBoard(b)
var rc rune var num int
for { for{ fmt.Printf("\nFlip row (r) or column (c) 1 .. %d (c1, ...): ", n) _, err := fmt.Scanf("%c%d", &rc, &num) if err != nil { fmt.Println(err) continue } if num < 1 || num > n { fmt.Println("Wrong command!") continue } break }
switch rc { case 'c': fmt.Printf("Column %v will be flipped\n", num) flipCol(b, num) case 'r': fmt.Printf("Row %v will be flipped\n", num) flipRow(b, num) default: fmt.Println("Wrong command!") continue }
moves++ fmt.Println("\nMoves taken: ", moves)
fmt.Println("Target:") drawBoard(a) fmt.Println("\nBoard:") drawBoard(b)
if compareSlices(a, b) { fmt.Printf("Finished. You win with %d moves!\n", moves) break } } }
func drawBoard (m [][]int) { fmt.Print(" ") for i := range m { fmt.Printf("%d ", i+1) } for i := range m { fmt.Println() fmt.Printf("%d ", i+1) for _, val := range m[i] { fmt.Printf(" %d", val) } } fmt.Print("\n") }
func flipRow(m [][]int, row int) ([][]int) { for j := range m { m[row-1][j] ^= 1 } return m }
func flipCol(m [][]int, col int) ([][]int) { for j := range m { m[j][col-1] ^= 1 } return m }
func compareSlices(m [][]int, n[][]int) bool { o := true for i := range m { for j := range m { if m[i][j] != n[i][j] { o = false } } } return o }</lang>
- Output:
Target: 1 2 3 1 0 1 1 2 0 1 1 3 1 1 1 Board: 1 2 3 1 1 0 0 2 1 0 0 3 1 1 1 Flip row (r) or column (c) 1 .. 3 (c1, ...): r1 Row 1 will be flipped Moves taken: 1 Target: 1 2 3 1 0 1 1 2 0 1 1 3 1 1 1 Board: 1 2 3 1 0 1 1 2 1 0 0 3 1 1 1 Flip row (r) or column (c) 1 .. 3 (c1, ...): r2 Row 2 will be flipped Moves taken: 2 Target: 1 2 3 1 0 1 1 2 0 1 1 3 1 1 1 Board: 1 2 3 1 0 1 1 2 0 1 1 3 1 1 1 Finished. You win with 2 moves!
Haskell
Maximum game size is 9x9 because the array indices are the characters 1 until 9. <lang Haskell>import Data.List (intersperse)
import System.Random (randomRIO)
import Data.Array (Array, (!), (//), array, bounds)
import Control.Monad (zipWithM_, replicateM, foldM, when)
type Board = Array (Char, Char) Int
flp :: Int -> Int flp 0 = 1 flp 1 = 0
numRows, numCols :: Board -> String numRows t =
let ((a, _), (b, _)) = bounds t in [a .. b]
numCols t =
let ((_, a), (_, b)) = bounds t in [a .. b]
flipRow, flipCol :: Board -> Char -> Board flipRow t r =
let e =
[ (ix, flp (t ! ix))
| ix <- zip (repeat r) (numCols t) ]
in t // e
flipCol t c =
let e =
[ (ix, flp (t ! ix))
| ix <- zip (numRows t) (repeat c) ]
in t // e
printBoard :: Board -> IO () printBoard t = do
let rows = numRows t
cols = numCols t
f 0 = '0'
f 1 = '1'
p r xs = putStrLn $ [r, ' '] ++ intersperse ' ' (map f xs)
putStrLn $ " " ++ intersperse ' ' cols
zipWithM_
p
rows
[ [ t ! (y, x)
| x <- cols ]
| y <- rows ]
-- create a random goal board, and flip rows and columns randomly -- to get a starting board setupGame :: Char -> Char -> IO (Board, Board) setupGame sizey sizex
-- random cell value at (row, col)
= do
let mk rc = (\v -> (rc, v)) <$> randomRIO (0, 1)
rows = ['a' .. sizey]
cols = ['1' .. sizex]
goal <-
array (('a', '1'), (sizey, sizex)) <$>
mapM
mk
[ (r, c)
| r <- rows
, c <- cols ]
start <-
do let change :: Board -> Int -> IO Board
-- flip random row
change t 0 = flipRow t <$> randomRIO ('a', sizey)
-- flip random col
change t 1 = flipCol t <$> randomRIO ('1', sizex)
numMoves <- randomRIO (3, 15) -- how many flips (3 - 15)
-- determine if rows or cols are flipped
moves <- replicateM numMoves $ randomRIO (0, 1)
-- make changes and get a starting board
foldM change goal moves
if goal /= start -- check if boards are different
then return (goal, start) -- all ok, return both boards
else setupGame sizey sizex -- try again
main :: IO () main = do
putStrLn "Select a board size (1 - 9).\nPress any other key to exit."
sizec <- getChar
when (sizec `elem` ['1' .. '9']) $
do let size = read [sizec] - 1
(g, s) <- setupGame (['a' ..] !! size) (['1' ..] !! size)
turns g s 0
where
turns goal current moves = do
putStrLn "\nGoal:"
printBoard goal
putStrLn "\nBoard:"
printBoard current
when (moves > 0) $
putStrLn $ "\nYou've made " ++ show moves ++ " moves so far."
putStrLn $
"\nFlip a row (" ++
numRows current ++ ") or a column (" ++ numCols current ++ ")"
v <- getChar
if v `elem` numRows current
then check $ flipRow current v
else if v `elem` numCols current
then check $ flipCol current v
else tryAgain
where
check t =
if t == goal
then putStrLn $ "\nYou've won in " ++ show (moves + 1) ++ " moves!"
else turns goal t (moves + 1)
tryAgain = do
putStrLn ": Invalid row or column."
turns goal current moves</lang>
- Output:
Select a board size (1 - 9). Press any other key to exit. 3 Goal: 1 2 3 a 1 1 0 b 1 0 0 c 0 0 0 Board: 1 2 3 a 1 0 0 b 1 1 0 c 1 0 1 Flip a row (abc) or a column (123) 2 Goal: 1 2 3 a 1 1 0 b 1 0 0 c 0 0 0 Board: 1 2 3 a 1 1 0 b 1 0 0 c 1 1 1 You've made 1 moves so far. Flip a row (abc) or a column (123) c You've won in 2 moves!
J
Using J's command line as the game ui:
<lang J>start=:3 :0
Moves=:0 N=:i.y Board=: ?2$~,~y 'fr fc'=. (2,y)$}.#:(+?&.<:@<:)2x^2*y End=: fr~:fc~:"1 Board Board;End
)
abc=:'abcdefghij' move=:3 :0
fc=. N e.abc i. y ([-.-.)abc
fr=. N e._-.~_ "."0 abc-.~":y
Board=: fr~:fc~:"1 Board
smoutput (":Moves=:Moves++/fr,fc),' moves'
if. Board-:End do.
'yes'
else.
Board;End
end.
)</lang>
Example:
<lang J> start 3 ┌─────┬─────┐ │1 1 1│1 0 1│ │1 1 0│0 1 1│ │1 0 0│0 0 1│ └─────┴─────┘
move 'b2'
2 moves ┌─────┬─────┐ │1 0 1│1 0 1│ │1 0 0│0 1 1│ │0 0 1│0 0 1│ └─────┴─────┘
move '1'
3 moves yes</lang>
Note that any size game may be generated but this version only recognizes column flips for the first ten columns.
Java
<lang java>import java.awt.*; import java.awt.event.*; import java.util.*; import javax.swing.*;
public class FlippingBitsGame extends JPanel {
final int maxLevel = 7; final int minLevel = 3;
private Random rand = new Random(); private int[][] grid, target; private Rectangle box; private int n = maxLevel; private boolean solved = true;
FlippingBitsGame() {
setPreferredSize(new Dimension(640, 640));
setBackground(Color.white);
setFont(new Font("SansSerif", Font.PLAIN, 18));
box = new Rectangle(120, 90, 400, 400);
startNewGame();
addMouseListener(new MouseAdapter() {
@Override
public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e) {
if (solved) {
startNewGame();
} else {
int x = e.getX();
int y = e.getY();
if (box.contains(x, y))
return;
if (x > box.x && x < box.x + box.width) {
flipCol((x - box.x) / (box.width / n));
} else if (y > box.y && y < box.y + box.height)
flipRow((y - box.y) / (box.height / n));
if (solved(grid, target))
solved = true;
printGrid(solved ? "Solved!" : "The board", grid);
}
repaint();
}
});
}
void startNewGame() {
if (solved) {
n = (n == maxLevel) ? minLevel : n + 1;
grid = new int[n][n];
target = new int[n][n];
do {
shuffle();
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
target[i] = Arrays.copyOf(grid[i], n);
shuffle();
} while (solved(grid, target));
solved = false;
printGrid("The target", target);
printGrid("The board", grid);
}
}
void printGrid(String msg, int[][] g) {
System.out.println(msg);
for (int[] row : g)
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(row));
System.out.println();
}
boolean solved(int[][] a, int[][] b) {
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
if (!Arrays.equals(a[i], b[i]))
return false;
return true;
}
void shuffle() {
for (int i = 0; i < n * n; i++) {
if (rand.nextBoolean())
flipRow(rand.nextInt(n));
else
flipCol(rand.nextInt(n));
}
}
void flipRow(int r) {
for (int c = 0; c < n; c++) {
grid[r][c] ^= 1;
}
}
void flipCol(int c) {
for (int[] row : grid) {
row[c] ^= 1;
}
}
void drawGrid(Graphics2D g) {
g.setColor(getForeground());
if (solved)
g.drawString("Solved! Click here to play again.", 180, 600);
else
g.drawString("Click next to a row or a column to flip.", 170, 600);
int size = box.width / n;
for (int r = 0; r < n; r++)
for (int c = 0; c < n; c++) {
g.setColor(grid[r][c] == 1 ? Color.blue : Color.orange);
g.fillRect(box.x + c * size, box.y + r * size, size, size);
g.setColor(getBackground());
g.drawRect(box.x + c * size, box.y + r * size, size, size);
g.setColor(target[r][c] == 1 ? Color.blue : Color.orange);
g.fillRect(7 + box.x + c * size, 7 + box.y + r * size, 10, 10);
}
}
@Override
public void paintComponent(Graphics gg) {
super.paintComponent(gg);
Graphics2D g = (Graphics2D) gg;
g.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_ANTIALIASING,
RenderingHints.VALUE_ANTIALIAS_ON);
drawGrid(g); }
public static void main(String[] args) {
SwingUtilities.invokeLater(() -> {
JFrame f = new JFrame();
f.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
f.setTitle("Flipping Bits Game");
f.setResizable(false);
f.add(new FlippingBitsGame(), BorderLayout.CENTER);
f.pack();
f.setLocationRelativeTo(null);
f.setVisible(true);
});
}
}</lang>
The target [0, 1, 0] [0, 1, 0] [0, 1, 0] The board [0, 1, 1] [0, 1, 1] [0, 1, 1] Solved! [0, 1, 0] [0, 1, 0] [0, 1, 0]
JavaScript
<lang JavaScript>function numOfRows(board) { return board.length; } function numOfCols(board) { return board[0].length; } function boardToString(board) {
// First the top-header
var header = ' ';
for (var c = 0; c < numOfCols(board); c++)
header += c + ' ';
// Then the side-header + board
var sideboard = [];
for (var r = 0; r < numOfRows(board); r++) {
sideboard.push(r + ' [' + board[r].join(' ') + ']');
}
return header + '\n' + sideboard.join('\n');
} function flipRow(board, row) {
for (var c = 0; c < numOfCols(board); c++) {
board[row][c] = 1 - board[row][c];
}
} function flipCol(board, col) {
for (var r = 0; r < numOfRows(board); r++) {
board[r][col] = 1 - board[r][col];
}
}
function playFlippingBitsGame(rows, cols) {
rows = rows | 3;
cols = cols | 3;
var targetBoard = [];
var manipulatedBoard = [];
// Randomly generate two identical boards.
for (var r = 0; r < rows; r++) {
targetBoard.push([]);
manipulatedBoard.push([]);
for (var c = 0; c < cols; c++) {
targetBoard[r].push(Math.floor(Math.random() * 2));
manipulatedBoard[r].push(targetBoard[r][c]);
}
}
// Naive-scramble one of the boards.
while (boardToString(targetBoard) == boardToString(manipulatedBoard)) {
var scrambles = rows * cols;
while (scrambles-- > 0) {
if (0 == Math.floor(Math.random() * 2)) {
flipRow(manipulatedBoard, Math.floor(Math.random() * rows));
}
else {
flipCol(manipulatedBoard, Math.floor(Math.random() * cols));
}
}
}
// Get the user to solve.
alert(
'Try to match both boards.\n' +
'Enter `r<num>` or `c<num>` to manipulate a row or col or enter `q` to quit.'
);
var input = , letter, num, moves = 0;
while (boardToString(targetBoard) != boardToString(manipulatedBoard) && input != 'q') {
input = prompt(
'Target:\n' + boardToString(targetBoard) +
'\n\n\n' +
'Board:\n' + boardToString(manipulatedBoard)
);
try {
letter = input.charAt(0);
num = parseInt(input.slice(1));
if (letter == 'q')
break;
if (isNaN(num)
|| (letter != 'r' && letter != 'c')
|| (letter == 'r' && num >= rows)
|| (letter == 'c' && num >= cols)
) {
throw new Error();
}
if (letter == 'r') {
flipRow(manipulatedBoard, num);
}
else {
flipCol(manipulatedBoard, num);
}
moves++;
}
catch(e) {
alert('Uh-oh, there seems to have been an input error');
}
}
if (input == 'q') {
alert('~~ Thanks for playing ~~');
}
else {
alert('Completed in ' + moves + ' moves.');
}
}</lang>
Try to match both boards. Enter `r<num>` or `c<num>` to manipulate a row or col or enter `q` to quit. Target: 0 1 2 0 [0 1 1] 1 [1 0 0] 2 [1 0 1] Board: 0 1 2 0 [0 0 0] 1 [1 1 1] 2 [0 0 1] r2 Target: 0 1 2 0 [0 1 1] 1 [1 0 0] 2 [1 0 1] Board: 0 1 2 0 [0 0 0] 1 [0 0 0] 2 [0 0 1] c0 Target: 0 1 2 0 [0 1 1] 1 [1 0 0] 2 [1 0 1] Board: 0 1 2 0 [1 0 0] 1 [1 0 0] 2 [1 0 1] r0 Completed in 3 moves.
Kotlin
<lang scala>// version 1.1.3
import java.util.Random
val rand = Random() val target = Array(3) { IntArray(3) { rand.nextInt(2) } } val board = Array(3) { IntArray(3) }
fun flipRow(r: Int) {
for (c in 0..2) board[r][c] = if (board[r][c] == 0) 1 else 0
}
fun flipCol(c: Int) {
for (r in 0..2) board[r][c] = if (board[r][c] == 0) 1 else 0
}
/** starting from the target we make 9 random row or column flips */ fun initBoard() {
for (i in 0..2) {
for (j in 0..2) board[i][j] = target[i][j]
}
repeat(9) {
val rc = rand.nextInt(2)
if (rc == 0)
flipRow(rand.nextInt(3))
else
flipCol(rand.nextInt(3))
}
}
fun printBoard(label: String, isTarget: Boolean = false) {
val a = if (isTarget) target else board
println("$label:")
println(" | a b c")
println("---------")
for (r in 0..2) {
print("${r + 1} |")
for (c in 0..2) print(" ${a[r][c]}")
println()
}
println()
}
fun gameOver(): Boolean {
for (r in 0..2) {
for (c in 0..2) if (board[r][c] != target[r][c]) return false
}
return true
}
fun main(args: Array<String>) {
// initialize board and ensure it differs from the target i.e. game not already over!
do {
initBoard()
}
while(gameOver())
printBoard("TARGET", true)
printBoard("OPENING BOARD")
var flips = 0
do {
var isRow = true
var n = -1
do {
print("Enter row number or column letter to be flipped: ")
val input = readLine()!!
val ch = if (input.isNotEmpty()) input[0].toLowerCase() else '0'
if (ch !in "123abc") {
println("Must be 1, 2, 3, a, b or c")
continue
}
if (ch in '1'..'3') {
n = ch.toInt() - 49
}
else {
isRow = false
n = ch.toInt() - 97
}
}
while (n == -1)
flips++
if (isRow) flipRow(n) else flipCol(n)
val plural = if (flips == 1) "" else "S"
printBoard("\nBOARD AFTER $flips FLIP$plural")
}
while (!gameOver())
val plural = if (flips == 1) "" else "s"
println("You've succeeded in $flips flip$plural")
}</lang>
- Output:
A sample game:
TARGET: | a b c --------- 1 | 0 1 0 2 | 0 1 0 3 | 1 1 1 OPENING BOARD: | a b c --------- 1 | 1 0 0 2 | 0 1 1 3 | 0 0 1 Enter row number or column letter to be flipped: 1 BOARD AFTER 1 FLIP: | a b c --------- 1 | 0 1 1 2 | 0 1 1 3 | 0 0 1 Enter row number or column letter to be flipped: 3 BOARD AFTER 2 FLIPS: | a b c --------- 1 | 0 1 1 2 | 0 1 1 3 | 1 1 0 Enter row number or column letter to be flipped: c BOARD AFTER 3 FLIPS: | a b c --------- 1 | 0 1 0 2 | 0 1 0 3 | 1 1 1 You've succeeded in 3 flips!
Lua
<lang lua> target, board, moves, W, H = {}, {}, 0, 3, 3
function getIndex( i, j ) return i + j * W - W end
function flip( d, r )
function invert( a ) if a == 1 then return 0 end return 1 end
local idx
if d == 1 then
for i = 1, W do
idx = getIndex( i, r )
board[idx] = invert( board[idx] )
end
else
for i = 1, H do
idx = getIndex( r, i )
board[idx] = invert( board[idx] )
end
end
moves = moves + 1
end function createTarget()
target, board = {}, {}
local idx
for j = 1, H do
for i = 1, W do
idx = getIndex( i, j )
if math.random() < .5 then target[idx] = 0
else target[idx] = 1
end
board[idx] = target[idx]
end
end
for i = 1, 103 do
if math.random() < .5 then flip( 1, math.random( H ) )
else flip( 2, math.random( W ) )
end
end
moves = 0
end function getUserInput()
io.write( "Input row and/or column: " ); local r = io.read()
local a
for i = 1, #r do
a = string.byte( r:sub( i, i ):lower() )
if a >= 48 and a <= 57 then flip( 2, a - 48 ) end
if a >= 97 and a <= string.byte( 'z' ) then flip( 1, a - 96 ) end
end
end function solved()
local idx
for j = 1, H do
for i = 1, W do
idx = getIndex( i, j )
if target[idx] ~= board[idx] then return false end
end
end
return true
end function display()
local idx
io.write( "\nTARGET\n " )
for i = 1, W do io.write( string.format( "%d ", i ) ) end; print()
for j = 1, H do
io.write( string.format( "%s ", string.char( 96 + j ) ) )
for i = 1, W do
idx = getIndex( i, j )
io.write( string.format( "%d ", target[idx] ) )
end; io.write( "\n" )
end
io.write( "\nBOARD\n " )
for i = 1, W do io.write( string.format( "%d ", i ) ) end; print()
for j = 1, H do
io.write( string.format( "%s ", string.char( 96 + j ) ) )
for i = 1, W do
idx = getIndex( i, j )
io.write( string.format( "%d ", board[idx] ) )
end; io.write( "\n" )
end
io.write( string.format( "Moves: %d\n", moves ) )
end function play()
while true do
createTarget()
repeat
display()
getUserInput()
until solved()
display()
io.write( "Very well!\nPlay again(Y/N)? " );
if io.read():lower() ~= "y" then return end
end
end --entry point-- math.randomseed( os.time() ) play() </lang>
- Output:
TARGET 1 2 3 a 0 0 0 b 0 0 0 c 1 0 0 BOARD 1 2 3 a 1 1 0 b 0 0 1 c 0 1 0 Moves: 0 Input row and/or column: 3ac TARGET 1 2 3 a 0 0 0 b 0 0 0 c 1 0 0 BOARD 1 2 3 a 0 0 0 b 0 0 0 c 1 0 0 Moves: 3 Very well! Play again(Y/N)?
Maple
Click here to play this game online. <lang maple>FlippingBits := module() export ModuleApply; local gameSetup, flip, printGrid, checkInput; local board;
gameSetup := proc(n) local r, c, i, toFlip, target; randomize(): target := Array( 1..n, 1..n, rand(0..1) ); board := copy(target); for i to rand(3..9)() do toFlip := [0, 0]; toFlip[1] := StringTools[Random](1, "rc"); toFlip[2] := convert(rand(1..n)(), string); flip(toFlip); end do; return target; end proc;
flip := proc(line) local i, lineNum; lineNum := parse(op(line[2..-1])); for i to upperbound(board)[1] do if line[1] = "R" then board[lineNum, i] := `if`(board[lineNum, i] = 0, 1, 0); else board[i, lineNum] := `if`(board[i, lineNum] = 0, 1, 0); end if; end do; return NULL; end proc;
printGrid := proc(grid) local r, c; for r to upperbound(board)[1] do for c to upperbound(board)[1] do printf("%a ", grid[r, c]); end do; printf("\n"); end do; printf("\n"); return NULL; end proc;
checkInput := proc(input) try if input[1] = "" then return false, ""; elif not input[1] = "R" and not input[1] = "C" then return false, "Please start with 'r' or 'c'."; elif not type(parse(op(input[2..-1])), posint) then error; elif parse(op(input[2..-1])) < 1 or parse(op(input[2..-1])) > upperbound(board)[1] then return false, "Row or column number too large or too small."; end if; catch: return false, "Please indicate a row or column number." end try; return true, ""; end proc;
ModuleApply := proc(n) local gameOver, toFlip, target, answer, restart; restart := true; while restart do target := gameSetup(n); while ArrayTools[IsEqual](target, board) do target := gameSetup(n); end do; gameOver := false; while not gameOver do printf("The Target:\n"); printGrid(target); printf("The Board:\n"); printGrid(board); if ArrayTools[IsEqual](target, board) then printf("You win!! Press enter to play again or type END to quit.\n\n"); answer := StringTools[UpperCase](readline()); gameOver := true; if answer = "END" then restart := false end if; else toFlip := ["", ""]; while not checkInput(toFlip)[1] and not gameOver do ifelse (not op(checkInput(toFlip)[2..-1]) = "", printf("%s\n\n", op(checkInput(toFlip)[2..-1])), NULL); printf("Please enter a row or column to flip. (ex: r1 or c2) Press enter for a new game or type END to quit.\n\n"); answer := StringTools[UpperCase](readline()); if answer = "END" or answer = "" then gameOver := true; if answer = "END" then restart := false; end if; end if; toFlip := [substring(answer, 1), substring(answer, 2..-1)]; end do; if not gameOver then flip(toFlip); end if; end if; end do; end do; printf("Game Over!\n"); end proc; end module:
FlippingBits(3);</lang>
- Output:
The Target: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 The Board: 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 Please enter a row or column to flip. (ex: r1 or c2) Press enter for a new game or type END to quit. The Target: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 The Board: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 You win!! Press enter to play again or type END to quit.
MATLAB
Size can be passed in as an argument or entered after a prompt. <lang MATLAB>function FlippingBitsGame(n) % Play the flipping bits game on an n x n array
% Generate random target array
fprintf('Welcome to the Flipping Bits Game!\n')
if nargin < 1
n = input('What dimension array should we use? ');
end
Tar = logical(randi([0 1], n));
% Generate starting array by randomly flipping rows or columns
Cur = Tar;
while all(Cur(:) == Tar(:))
nFlips = randi([3*n max(10*n, 100)]);
randDim = randi([0 1], nFlips, 1);
randIdx = randi([1 n], nFlips, 1);
for k = 1:nFlips
if randDim(k)
Cur(randIdx(k), :) = ~Cur(randIdx(k), :);
else
Cur(:, randIdx(k)) = ~Cur(:, randIdx(k));
end
end
end
% Print rules
fprintf('Given a %d x %d logical array,\n', n, n)
fprintf('and a target array configuration,\n')
fprintf('attempt to transform the array to the target\n')
fprintf('by inverting the bits in a whole row or column\n')
fprintf('at once in as few moves as possible.\n')
fprintf('Enter the corresponding letter to invert a column,\n')
fprintf('or the corresponding number to invert a row.\n')
fprintf('0 will reprint the target array, and no entry quits.\n\n')
fprintf('Target:\n')
PrintArray(Tar)
% Play until player wins or quits
move = true;
nMoves = 0;
while ~isempty(move) && any(Cur(:) ~= Tar(:))
fprintf('Move %d:\n', nMoves)
PrintArray(Cur)
move = lower(input('Enter move: ', 's'));
if length(move) > 1
fprintf('Invalid move, try again\n')
elseif move
r = str2double(move);
if isnan(r)
c = move-96;
if c > n || c < 1
fprintf('Invalid move, try again\n')
else
Cur(:, c) = ~Cur(:, c);
nMoves = nMoves+1;
end
else
if r > n || r < 0
fprintf('Invalid move, try again\n')
elseif r == 0
fprintf('Target:\n')
PrintArray(Tar)
else
Cur(r, :) = ~Cur(r, :);
nMoves = nMoves+1;
end
end
end
end
if all(Cur(:) == Tar(:))
fprintf('You win in %d moves! Try not to flip out!\n', nMoves)
else
fprintf('Quitting? The challenge a bit much for you?\n')
end
end
function PrintArray(A)
[nRows, nCols] = size(A);
fprintf(' ')
fprintf(' %c', (1:nCols)+96)
fprintf('\n')
for r = 1:nRows
fprintf('%8d%s\n', r, sprintf(' %d', A(r, :)))
end
fprintf('\n')
end</lang>
- Output:
Normal play and winning:
Welcome to the Flipping Bits Game!
What dimension array should we use? 3
Given a 3 x 3 logical array,
and a target array configuration,
attempt to transform the array to the target
by inverting the bits in a whole row or column
at once in as few moves as possible.
Enter the corresponding letter to invert a column,
or the corresponding number to invert a row.
0 will reprint the target array, and no entry quits.
Target:
a b c
1 0 0 0
2 0 1 0
3 0 0 0
Move 0:
a b c
1 1 1 1
2 1 0 1
3 1 1 1
Enter move: a
Move 1:
a b c
1 0 1 1
2 0 0 1
3 0 1 1
Enter move: b
Move 2:
a b c
1 0 0 1
2 0 1 1
3 0 0 1
Enter move: c
You win in 3 moves! Try not to flip out!
Bad input, reprinting target, and quitting:
Welcome to the Flipping Bits Game!
What dimension array should we use? 3
Given a 3 x 3 logical array,
and a target array configuration,
attempt to transform the array to the target
by inverting the bits in a whole row or column
at once in as few moves as possible.
Enter the corresponding letter to invert a column,
or the corresponding number to invert a row.
0 will reprint the target array, and no entry quits.
Target:
a b c
1 0 0 1
2 1 0 0
3 1 0 0
Move 0:
a b c
1 0 0 0
2 0 1 0
3 0 1 0
Enter move: a
Move 1:
a b c
1 1 0 0
2 1 1 0
3 1 1 0
Enter move: b
Move 2:
a b c
1 1 1 0
2 1 0 0
3 1 0 0
Enter move: 0
Target:
a b c
1 0 0 1
2 1 0 0
3 1 0 0
Move 2:
a b c
1 1 1 0
2 1 0 0
3 1 0 0
Enter move: hello
Invalid move, try again
Move 2:
a b c
1 1 1 0
2 1 0 0
3 1 0 0
Enter move: d
Invalid move, try again
Move 2:
a b c
1 1 1 0
2 1 0 0
3 1 0 0
Enter move: 4
Invalid move, try again
Move 2:
a b c
1 1 1 0
2 1 0 0
3 1 0 0
Enter move:
Quitting? The challenge a bit much for you?
Perl
Pass the size of the puzzle on the command line. It defaults to 4. You can play any size game between 2 and 26. While playing, the game accepts anything which looks like valid rows or columns, and disregards any irrelevant text in between.
<lang perl>#!perl use strict; use warnings qw(FATAL all);
my $n = shift(@ARGV) || 4; if( $n < 2 or $n > 26 ) { die "You can't play a size $n game\n"; }
my $n2 = $n*$n;
my (@rows, @cols); for my $i ( 0 .. $n-1 ) { my $row = my $col = "\x00" x $n2; vec($row, $i * $n + $_, 8) ^= 1 for 0 .. $n-1; vec($col, $i + $_ * $n, 8) ^= 1 for 0 .. $n-1; push @rows, $row; push @cols, $col; }
my $goal = "0" x $n2; int(rand(2)) or (vec($goal, $_, 8) ^= 1) for 0 .. $n2-1; my $start = $goal; { for(@rows, @cols) { $start ^= $_ if int rand 2; } redo if $start eq $goal; }
my @letters = ('a'..'z')[0..$n-1]; sub to_strings { my $board = shift; my @result = join(" ", " ", @letters); for( 0 .. $n-1 ) { my $res = sprintf("%2d ",$_+1); $res .= join " ", split //, substr $board, $_*$n, $n; push @result, $res; } \@result; }
my $fmt; my ($stext, $etext) = ("Starting board", "Ending board"); my $re = join "|", reverse 1 .. $n, @letters; my $moves_so_far = 0; while( 1 ) { my ($from, $to) = (to_strings($start), to_strings($goal)); unless( $fmt ) { my $len = length $from->[0]; $len = length($stext) if $len < length $stext; $fmt = join($len, "%", "s%", "s\n"); } printf $fmt, $stext, $etext; printf $fmt, $from->[$_], $to->[$_] for 0 .. $n; last if $start eq $goal; INPUT_LOOP: { printf "Move #%s: Type one or more row numbers and/or column letters: ", $moves_so_far+1; my $input = <>; die unless defined $input; my $did_one; for( $input =~ /($re)/gi ) { $did_one = 1; if( /\d/ ) { $start ^= $rows[$_-1]; } else { $_ = ord(lc) - ord('a'); $start ^= $cols[$_]; } ++$moves_so_far; } redo INPUT_LOOP unless $did_one; } } print "You won after $moves_so_far moves.\n";</lang>
- Output:
$ perl FlippingBitsGame.pl 3
Starting board Ending board
a b c a b c
1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1
2 0 1 1 2 1 0 1
3 0 0 0 3 0 0 1
Move #1: Type one or more row numbers and/or column letters: 12
Starting board Ending board
a b c a b c
1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1
2 1 0 0 2 1 0 1
3 0 0 0 3 0 0 1
Move #3: Type one or more row numbers and/or column letters: c
Starting board Ending board
a b c a b c
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
2 1 0 1 2 1 0 1
3 0 0 1 3 0 0 1
You won after 3 moves.
The same game could have been won after typing 1 2 c in any order, with multiple lines or even "12c" on a single line.
Perl 6
Pass in a parameter to set the square size for the puzzle. (Defaults to 4.) Arbitrarily limited to between 1 and 26. Yes, you can choose to solve a 1 element square puzzle, but it won't be very challenging. Accepts upper or lower case letters for columns. Disregards any out-of-range indices. Enter a blank or 0 (zero) to exit.
<lang perl6>sub MAIN ($square = 4) {
say "{$square}? Seriously?" and exit if $square < 1 or $square > 26;
my %bits = map { $_ => %( map { $_ => 0 }, ('A' .. *)[^ $square] ) },
(1 .. *)[^ $square];
scramble %bits;
my $target = build %bits;
scramble %bits until build(%bits) ne $target;
display($target, %bits);
my $turns = 0;
while my $flip = prompt "Turn {++$turns}: Flip which row / column? " {
flip $flip.match(/\w/).uc, %bits;
if display($target, %bits) {
say "Hurray! You solved it in $turns turns.";
last;
}
}
}
sub display($goal, %hash) {
shell('clear');
say "Goal\n$goal\nYou";
my $this = build %hash;
say $this;
return ($goal eq $this);
}
sub flip ($a, %hash) {
given $a {
when any(keys %hash) {
%hash{$a}{$_} = %hash{$a}{$_} +^ 1 for %hash{$a}.keys
};
when any(keys %hash{'1'}) {
%hash{$_}{$a} = %hash{$_}{$a} +^ 1 for %hash.keys
};
}
}
sub build (%hash) {
my $string = ' ';
$string ~= sprintf "%2s ", $_ for sort keys %hash{'1'};
$string ~= "\n";
for %hash.keys.sort: +* -> $key {
$string ~= sprintf "%2s ", $key;
$string ~= sprintf "%2s ", %hash{$key}{$_} for sort keys %hash{$key};
$string ~= "\n";
};
$string
}
sub scramble(%hash) {
my @keys = keys %hash;
@keys.push: | keys %hash{'1'};
flip $_, %hash for @keys.pick( @keys/2 );
}</lang> A sample 3 x 3 game might look like this:
Goal
A B C
1 1 1 0
2 0 0 1
3 1 1 0
You
A B C
1 0 0 0
2 1 1 1
3 1 1 1
Turn 1: Flip which row / column? 2
Goal
A B C
1 1 1 0
2 0 0 1
3 1 1 0
You
A B C
1 0 0 0
2 0 0 0
3 1 1 1
Turn 2: Flip which row / column? 1
Goal
A B C
1 1 1 0
2 0 0 1
3 1 1 0
You
A B C
1 1 1 1
2 0 0 0
3 1 1 1
Turn 3: Flip which row / column? c
Goal
A B C
1 1 1 0
2 0 0 1
3 1 1 0
You
A B C
1 1 1 0
2 0 0 1
3 1 1 0
Hurray! You solved it in 3 turns.
PL/I
<lang PL/I>(subscriptrange, stringrange, stringsize): flip: procedure options (main);
declare n fixed binary;
put skip list ('This is the bit-flipping game. What size of board do you want?');
get list (n);
put skip list
('Your task is to change your board so as match the board on the right (the objective)');
begin;
declare initial(n,n) bit (1), objective(n,n) bit (1);
declare (i, j, k, move) fixed binary;
declare ch character(1);
declare alphabet character (26) initial ('abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz');
on subrg
begin; put skip list ('Your row or column ' || trim(ch) || ' is out of range'); stop; end;
initial, objective = iand(random()*99, 1) = 1;
/* Set up the objective array: */
do i = 1 to n-1;
j = random()*n+1; objective(j,*) = ^objective(j,*);
j = random()*n+1; objective(*,j) = ^objective(*,j);
end;
do move = 0 by 1;
put skip edit ( center('You', n*3), center('The objective', 3*n+4) ) (x(3), a);
put skip edit ( (substr(alphabet, i, 1) do i = 1 to n) ) (x(5), (n) a(3));
put edit ( (substr(alphabet, i, 1) do i = 1 to n) ) (x(3), (n) a(3));
do i = 1 to n;
put skip edit (i, initial(i,*), objective(i,*)) ((n+1) f(3), x(3), (n) F(3));
end;
if all(initial = objective) then leave;
put skip(2) list
('Please type a row number or column letter whose bits you want to flip: ');
get edit (ch) (L); put edit (ch) (a);
k = index(alphabet, ch);
if k > 0 then
initial(*, k) = ^initial(*,k); /* Flip column k */
else
initial(ch,*) = ^initial(ch,*); /* Flip row ch */
end;
put skip(2) list ('Congratulations. You solved it in ' || trim(move) || ' moves.');
end;
end flip;</lang>
- Output:
This is the bit-flipping game. What size of board do you want?
Your task is to change your board so as match the board on the right (the objective)
You The objective
a b c a b c
1 1 1 1 0 1 1
2 0 0 0 1 0 0
3 1 1 1 1 0 0
Please type a row number or column letter whose bits you want to flip:
3
You The objective
a b c a b c
1 1 1 1 0 1 1
2 0 0 0 1 0 0
3 0 0 0 1 0 0
Please type a row number or column letter whose bits you want to flip:
a
You The objective
a b c a b c
1 0 1 1 0 1 1
2 1 0 0 1 0 0
3 1 0 0 1 0 0
Congratulations. You solved it in 2 moves.
Python
<lang python>""" Given a %i by %i sqare array of zeroes or ones in an initial configuration, and a target configuration of zeroes and ones The task is to transform one to the other in as few moves as possible by inverting whole numbered rows or whole lettered columns at once. In an inversion any 1 becomes 0 and any 0 becomes 1 for that whole row or column.
"""
from random import randrange from copy import deepcopy from string import ascii_lowercase
try: # 2to3 fix
input = raw_input
except:
pass
N = 3 # N x N Square arrray
board = [[0]* N for i in range(N)]
def setbits(board, count=1):
for i in range(count):
board[randrange(N)][randrange(N)] ^= 1
def shuffle(board, count=1):
for i in range(count):
if randrange(0, 2):
fliprow(randrange(N))
else:
flipcol(randrange(N))
def pr(board, comment=):
print(str(comment))
print(' ' + ' '.join(ascii_lowercase[i] for i in range(N)))
print(' ' + '\n '.join(' '.join(['%2s' % j] + [str(i) for i in line])
for j, line in enumerate(board, 1)))
def init(board):
setbits(board, count=randrange(N)+1)
target = deepcopy(board)
while board == target:
shuffle(board, count=2 * N)
prompt = ' X, T, or 1-%i / %s-%s to flip: ' % (N, ascii_lowercase[0],
ascii_lowercase[N-1])
return target, prompt
def fliprow(i):
board[i-1][:] = [x ^ 1 for x in board[i-1] ]
def flipcol(i):
for row in board:
row[i] ^= 1
if __name__ == '__main__':
print(__doc__ % (N, N))
target, prompt = init(board)
pr(target, 'Target configuration is:')
print()
turns = 0
while board != target:
turns += 1
pr(board, '%i:' % turns)
ans = input(prompt).strip()
if (len(ans) == 1
and ans in ascii_lowercase and ascii_lowercase.index(ans) < N):
flipcol(ascii_lowercase.index(ans))
elif ans and all(ch in '0123456789' for ch in ans) and 1 <= int(ans) <= N:
fliprow(int(ans))
elif ans == 'T':
pr(target, 'Target configuration is:')
turns -= 1
elif ans == 'X':
break
else:
print(" I don't understand %r... Try again. "
"(X to exit or T to show target)\n" % ans[:9])
turns -= 1
else:
print('\nWell done!\nBye.')</lang>
- Output:
Given a 3 by 3 sqare array of zeroes or ones in an initial
configuration, and a target configuration of zeroes and ones
The task is to transform one to the other in as few moves as
possible by inverting whole numbered rows or whole lettered
columns at once.
In an inversion any 1 becomes 0 and any 0 becomes 1 for that
whole row or column.
Target configuration is:
a b c
1 0 1 0
2 0 0 0
3 0 0 0
1:
a b c
1 1 0 0
2 0 0 1
3 0 0 1
X, T, or 1-3 / a-c to flip: 1
2:
a b c
1 0 1 1
2 0 0 1
3 0 0 1
X, T, or 1-3 / a-c to flip: c
Well done!
Bye.
- Showing bad/other inputs
Target configuration is:
a b c
1 0 0 0
2 0 0 0
3 0 0 1
1:
a b c
1 1 0 1
2 0 1 0
3 0 1 1
X, T, or 1-3 / a-c to flip: 3
2:
a b c
1 1 0 1
2 0 1 0
3 1 0 0
X, T, or 1-3 / a-c to flip: 4
I don't understand '4'... Try again. (X to exit or T to show target)
2:
a b c
1 1 0 1
2 0 1 0
3 1 0 0
X, T, or 1-3 / a-c to flip: c
3:
a b c
1 1 0 0
2 0 1 1
3 1 0 1
X, T, or 1-3 / a-c to flip: d
I don't understand 'd'... Try again. (X to exit or T to show target)
3:
a b c
1 1 0 0
2 0 1 1
3 1 0 1
X, T, or 1-3 / a-c to flip: T
Target configuration is:
a b c
1 0 0 0
2 0 0 0
3 0 0 1
3:
a b c
1 1 0 0
2 0 1 1
3 1 0 1
X, T, or 1-3 / a-c to flip: X
Racket
<lang>#lang racket (define (flip-row! pzzl r)
(define N (integer-sqrt (bytes-length pzzl))) (for* ((c (in-range N))) (define idx (+ c (* N r))) (bytes-set! pzzl idx (- 1 (bytes-ref pzzl idx)))))
(define (flip-col! pzzl c)
(define N (integer-sqrt (bytes-length pzzl))) (for* ((r (in-range N))) (define idx (+ c (* N r))) (bytes-set! pzzl idx (- 1 (bytes-ref pzzl idx)))))
(define (new-game N (flips 10))
(define N2 (sqr N))
(define targ (list->bytes (for/list ((_ N2)) (random 2))))
(define strt (bytes-copy targ))
(for ((_ flips))
(case (random 2)
((0) (flip-col! strt (random N)))
((1) (flip-row! strt (random N)))))
(if (equal? strt targ) (new-game N) (values targ strt)))
(define (show-games #:sep (pzl-sep " | ") . pzzls)
(define N (integer-sqrt (bytes-length (first pzzls))))
(define caption (string-join (for/list ((c (in-range N))) (~a (add1 c))) ""))
(define ruler (string-join (for/list ((c (in-range N))) "-") ""))
(define ((pzzle-row r) p)
(string-join (for/list ((c (in-range N))) (~a (bytes-ref p (+ c (* N r))))) ""))
(displayln
(string-join
(list*
(format " ~a" (string-join (for/list ((_ pzzls)) caption) pzl-sep))
(format " ~a" (string-join (for/list ((_ pzzls)) ruler) pzl-sep))
(for/list ((r (in-range N)) (R (in-naturals (char->integer #\a))))
(format "~a ~a" (integer->char R) (string-join (map (pzzle-row r) pzzls) pzl-sep))))
"\n")))
(define (play N)
(define-values (end start) (new-game N))
(define (turn n (show? #t))
(cond
[(equal? end start) (printf "you won on turn #~a~%" n)]
[else
(when show? ;; don't show after whitespace
(printf "turn #~a~%" n)
(show-games start end))
(match (read-char)
[(? eof-object?) (printf "sad to see you go :-(~%")]
[(? char-whitespace?) (turn n #f)]
[(? char-numeric? c)
(define cnum (- (char->integer c) (char->integer #\1)))
(cond [(< -1 cnum N)
(printf "flipping col ~a~%" (add1 cnum))
(flip-col! start cnum)
(turn (add1 n))]
[else (printf "column number out of range ~a > ~a~%" (add1 cnum) N)
(turn n)])]
[(? char-lower-case? c)
(define rnum (- (char->integer c) (char->integer #\a)))
(cond [(< -1 rnum N)
(printf "flipping row ~a~%" (add1 rnum))
(flip-row! start rnum)
(turn (add1 n))]
[else (printf "row number out of range ~a > ~a~%" (add1 rnum) (sub1 N))
(turn n)])]
[else (printf "unrecognised character in input: ~s~%" else)
(turn n)])]))
(turn 0))</lang>
- Output:
(play 3) turn #0 123 | 123 --- | --- a 001 | 101 b 110 | 101 c 100 | 000 1 flipping col 1 turn #1 123 | 123 --- | --- a 101 | 101 b 010 | 101 c 000 | 000 b flipping row 2 you won on turn #2
REXX
This REXX version allows the specification (on the invocation line) for:
- the size of the array (grid) [default is 3, maximum is 26]
- the number of bits (for the target) to be set to on [default is size of the grid]
Programming note: none of the command line parameters are checked for errors (so as to make the program simpler).
<lang rexx>/*REXX program presents a "flipping bit" puzzle. The user can solve via it via C.L. */
parse arg N u . /*get optional arguments from the C.L. */
if N== | N=="," then N =3 /*Size given? Then use default of 3.*/
if u== | u=="," then u =N /*the number of bits initialized to ON.*/
col@= 'a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z' /*for the column id.*/
cols=space(col@, 0); upper cols /*letters to be used for the columns. */
@.=0; !.=0 /*set both arrays to "off" characters.*/
tries=0 /*number of player's attempts (so far).*/
do while show(0) < u /* [↓] turn "on" U number of bits.*/
r=random(1, N); c=random(1, N) /*get a random row and column. */
@.r.c=1 ; !.r.c=1 /*set (both) row and column to ON. */
end /*while*/ /* [↑] keep going 'til U bits set.*/
oz=z /*keep the original array string. */ call show 1, ' ◄───target' /*show target for user to attain. */
do random(1,2); call flip 'R',random(1,N) /*flip a row of bits. */
call flip 'C',random(1,N) /* " " column " " */
end /*random···*/ /* [↑] just perform 1 or 2 times. */
if z==oz then call flip 'R', random(1, N) /*ensure it's not target we're flipping*/
do until z==oz /*prompt until they get it right. */
call prompt /*get a row or column number from C.L. */
call flip left(?, 1), substr(?, 2) /*flip a user selected row or column. */
call show 0 /*get image (Z) of the updated array. */
end /*until···*/
call show 1, ' ◄───your array' /*display the array to the terminal. */ say '─────────Congrats! You did it in' tries "tries." exit tries /*stick a fork in it, we're all done. */ /*──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/ halt: say 'program was halted!'; exit /*the REXX program was halted by user. */ isInt: return datatype(arg(1), 'W') /*returns 1 if arg is an integer.*/ isLet: return datatype(arg(1), 'M') /*returns 1 if arg is a letter. */ terr: if ok then say '***error!***: illegal' arg(1); ok=0; return /*──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/ flip: parse arg x,# /*X is R or C; #: is which one.*/
do c=1 for N while x=='R'; @.#.c=\@.#.c; end /*c*/
do r=1 for N while x=='C'; @.r.#=\@.r.#; end /*r*/
return /* [↑] the bits can be ON or OFF. */
/*──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/ prompt: if tries\==0 then say '─────────bit array after play: ' tries
signal on halt /*another method for the player to quit*/
!='─────────Please enter a row number or column letter, or Quit:'
call show 1, ' ◄───your array' /*display the array to the terminal. */
do forever; ok=1; say; say !; pull ? _ . 1 all /*prompt & get ans*/
if abbrev('QUIT', ?, 1) then do; say 'quitting···'; exit 0; end
if ?== then do; call show 1," ◄───target",.; ok=0
call show 1," ◄───your array"
end /* [↑] reshow targ*/
if _\== then call terr 'too many args entered:' all
if \isInt(?) & \isLet(?) then call terr 'row/column: ' ?
if isLet(?) then a=pos(?,cols)
if isLet(?) & (a<1 | a>N) then call terr 'column: ' ?
if isLet(?) & length(?)>1 then call terr 'column: ' ?
if isLet(?) then ?='C'pos(?, cols)
if isInt(?) & (?<1 | ?>N) then call terr 'row: ' ?
if isInt(?) then ?=?/1 /*normalize number*/
if isInt(?) then ?='R'?
if ok then leave /*No errors? Leave*/
end /*forever*/ /*end of da checks*/
tries=tries+1 /*bump da counter.*/
return ? /*return response.*/
/*──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/ show: $=0; _=; parse arg tell,tx,o /*$≡num of ON bits*/
if tell then do; say /*are we telling? */
say ' ' subword(col@,1,N) " column letter"
say 'row ╔'copies('═',N+N+1) /*prepend col hdrs*/
end /* [↑] grid hdrs.*/
z= /* [↓] build grid.*/
do r=1 for N /*show grid rows.*/
do c=1 for N; if o==. then do; z=z || !.r.c; _=_ !.r.c; $=$+!.r.c; end
else do; z=z || @.r.c; _=_ @.r.c; $=$+@.r.c; end
end /*c*/ /*··· and sum ONs.*/
if tx\== then tar.r=_ tx /*build da target?*/
if tell then say right(r, 2) ' ║'_ tx; _= /*show the grid? */
end /*r*/ /*show a grid row.*/
if tell then say /*show blank line.*/
return $ /*num of on bits. */</lang>
output when using the default input of: 3
Note that the user's input is also shown.
Also note that the 2nd answer was a blank (or nothing), which caused the program to re-show the target array.
a b c column letter
row ╔═══════
1 ║ 0 1 1 ◄───target
2 ║ 0 0 0 ◄───target
3 ║ 1 0 0 ◄───target
a b c column letter
row ╔═══════
1 ║ 1 0 1 ◄───your array
2 ║ 0 0 1 ◄───your array
3 ║ 0 1 0 ◄───your array
─────────Please enter a row number or column letter, or Quit:
2 ◄■■■■■■■■■■■■■ user input
─────────bit array after play: 1
a b c column letter
row ╔═══════
1 ║ 1 0 1 ◄───your array
2 ║ 1 1 0 ◄───your array
3 ║ 0 1 0 ◄───your array
─────────Please enter a row number or column letter, or Quit:
◄■■■■■■■■■■■■■ user input (a null)
a b c column letter
row ╔═══════
1 ║ 0 1 1 ◄───target
2 ║ 0 0 0 ◄───target
3 ║ 1 0 0 ◄───target
a b c column letter
row ╔═══════
1 ║ 1 0 1 ◄───your array
2 ║ 1 1 0 ◄───your array
3 ║ 0 1 0 ◄───your array
─────────Please enter a row number or column letter, or Quit:
b ◄■■■■■■■■■■■■■ user input
─────────bit array after play: 2
a b c column letter
row ╔═══════
1 ║ 1 1 1 ◄───your array
2 ║ 1 0 0 ◄───your array
3 ║ 0 0 0 ◄───your array
─────────Please enter a row number or column letter, or Quit:
a ◄■■■■■■■■■■■■■ user input
a b c column letter
row ╔═══════
1 ║ 0 1 1 ◄───your array
2 ║ 0 0 0 ◄───your array
3 ║ 1 0 0 ◄───your array
─────────Congrats! You did it in 3 tries.
output when the following was used for input: 4
a b c d column letter
row ╔═════════
1 ║ 1 1 0 0 ◄───target
2 ║ 0 1 0 1 ◄───target
3 ║ 0 0 0 0 ◄───target
4 ║ 0 0 0 0 ◄───target
a b c d column letter
row ╔═════════
1 ║ 0 1 0 1 ◄───your array
2 ║ 0 0 1 1 ◄───your array
3 ║ 1 0 0 1 ◄───your array
4 ║ 1 0 0 1 ◄───your array
─────────Please enter a row number or column letter, or Quit:
q ◄■■■■■■■■■■■■■ user input
Ruby
<lang ruby>class FlipBoard
def initialize(size)
raise ArgumentError.new("Invalid board size: #{size}") if size < 2
@size = size
@board = Array.new(size**2, 0)
randomize_board
loop do
@target = generate_target
break unless solved?
end
# these are used for validating user input
@columns = [*'a'...('a'.ord+@size).chr]
@rows = (1..@size).map(&:to_s)
end
############################################################
def play
moves = 0
puts "your target:", target
until solved?
puts "", "move #{moves}:", self
print "Row/column to flip: "
ans = $stdin.gets.strip
if @columns.include? ans
flip_column @columns.index(ans)
moves += 1
elsif @rows.include? ans
flip_row @rows.index(ans)
moves += 1
else
puts "invalid input: " + ans
end
end
puts "", "you solved the game in #{moves} moves", self
end
# the target formation as a string
def target
format_array @target
end
# the current formation as a string
def to_s
format_array @board
end
############################################################
private
def solved?
@board == @target
end
# flip a random number of bits on the board
def randomize_board
(@size + rand(@size)).times do
flip_bit rand(@size), rand(@size)
end
end
# generate a random number of flip_row/flip_column calls
def generate_target
orig_board = @board.clone
(@size + rand(@size)).times do
rand(2).zero? ? flip_row( rand(@size) ) : flip_column( rand(@size) )
end
target, @board = @board, orig_board
target
end
def flip_row(row)
@size.times {|col| flip_bit(row, col)}
end
def flip_column(col)
@size.times {|row| flip_bit(row, col)}
end
def flip_bit(row, col)
@board[@size * row + col] ^= 1
end
def format_array(ary)
str = " " + @columns.join(" ") + "\n"
@size.times do |row|
str << "%2s " % @rows[row] + ary[@size*row, @size].join(" ") + "\n"
end
str
end
end
begin
FlipBoard.new(ARGV.shift.to_i).play
rescue => e
puts e.message
end</lang>
Sample game:
$ ruby flipping_bits.rb 3 your target: a b c 1 1 0 1 2 0 1 1 3 0 1 0 move 0: a b c 1 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 3 0 0 1 Row/column to flip: 1 move 1: a b c 1 1 1 0 2 0 0 0 3 0 0 1 Row/column to flip: b move 2: a b c 1 1 0 0 2 0 1 0 3 0 1 1 Row/column to flip: c you solved the game in 3 moves a b c 1 1 0 1 2 0 1 1 3 0 1 0
Swift
<lang swift>import Foundation
struct Board: Equatable, CustomStringConvertible {
let size: Int private var tiles: [Bool]
init(size: Int) {
self.size = size
tiles = Array(count: size * size, repeatedValue: false)
}
subscript(x: Int, y: Int) -> Bool {
get {
return tiles[y * size + x]
}
set {
tiles[y * size + x] = newValue
}
}
mutating func randomize() {
for i in 0..<tiles.count {
tiles[i] = Bool(random() % 2)
}
}
mutating func flipRow(row: Int) {
for i in 0..<size {
self[row, i] = !self[row, i]
}
}
mutating func flipColumn(column: Int) {
for i in 0..<size {
self[i, column] = !self[i, column]
}
}
var description: String {
var desc = "\n\ta\tb\tc\n"
for i in 0..<size {
desc += "\(i+1):\t"
for j in 0..<size {
desc += "\(Int(self[i, j]))\t"
}
desc += "\n"
}
return desc }
}
func ==(lhs: Board, rhs: Board) -> Bool {
return lhs.tiles == rhs.tiles
}
class FlippingGame: CustomStringConvertible {
var board: Board
var target: Board
var solved: Bool { return board == target }
init(boardSize: Int) {
target = Board(size: 3)
board = Board(size: 3)
generateTarget()
}
func generateTarget() {
target.randomize()
board = target
let size = board.size
while solved {
for _ in 0..<size + (random() % size + 1) {
if random() % 2 == 0 {
board.flipColumn(random() % size)
}
else {
board.flipRow(random() % size)
}
}
}
}
func getMove() -> Bool {
print(self)
print("Flip what? ", terminator: "")
guard
let move = readLine(stripNewline: true)
where move.characters.count == 1
else { return false }
var moveValid = true
if let row = Int(move) {
board.flipRow(row - 1)
}
else if let column = move.lowercaseString.utf8.first where column < 100 && column > 96 {
board.flipColumn(numericCast(column) - 97)
}
else {
moveValid = false
}
return moveValid }
var description: String {
var str = ""
print("Target: \n \(target)", toStream: &str)
print("Board: \n \(board)", toStream: &str)
return str }
}
func playGame(game: FlippingGame) -> String {
game.generateTarget()
var numMoves = 0
while !game.solved {
numMoves++
print("Move #\(numMoves)")
while !game.getMove() {}
}
print("You win!")
print("Number of moves: \(numMoves)")
print("\n\nPlay Again? ", terminator: "")
return readLine(stripNewline: true)!.lowercaseString
}
let game = FlippingGame(boardSize: 3) repeat { } while playGame(game) == "y" </lang>
- Output:
Move #1 Target: a b c 1: 1 1 0 2: 0 0 1 3: 1 0 1 Board: a b c 1: 0 1 0 2: 1 0 1 3: 0 0 1 Flip what? a You win! Number of moves: 1 Play Again? n
Tcl
<lang tcl>package require Tcl 8.6
oo::class create Flip {
variable board target s
constructor {size} {
set s $size set target [my RandomConfiguration] set board $target while {$board eq $target} { for {set i 0} {$i < $s} {incr i} { if {rand()<.5} { my SwapRow $i } if {rand()<.5} { my SwapColumn $i } } }
}
method RandomConfiguration Template:P 0.5 {
for {set row 0} {$row < $s} {incr row} { set r {} for {set col 0} {$col < $s} {incr col} { lappend r [expr {rand() < $p}] } lappend result $r } return $result
}
method SwapRow {rowId} {
for {set i 0} {$i < $s} {incr i} { lset board $rowId $i [expr {![lindex $board $rowId $i]}] }
}
method SwapColumn {columnId} {
for {set i 0} {$i < $s} {incr i} { lset board $i $columnId [expr {![lindex $board $i $columnId]}] }
}
method Render {configuration {prefixes {}}} {
join [lmap r $configuration p $prefixes { format %s%s $p [join [lmap c $r {string index ".X" $c}] ""] }] "\n"
}
method GetInput {prompt} {
puts -nonewline "${prompt}: " flush stdout gets stdin
}
method play {} {
set p0 {} set p {} set top [format "%*s " [string length $s] ""] for {set i 1;set j 97} {$i<=$s} {incr i;incr j} { append top [format %c $j] lappend p [format "%*d " [string length $s] $i] lappend p0 [format "%*s " [string length $s] ""] }
set moves 0 puts "You are trying to get to:\n[my Render $target $p0]\n" while true { puts "Current configuration (#$moves):\n$top\n[my Render $board $p]"
# Test for if we've won if {$board eq $target} break
# Ask the user for a move set i [my GetInput "Pick a column (letter) or row (number) to flip"]
# Parse the move and apply it if {[string is lower -strict $i] && [set c [expr {[scan $i "%c"] - 97}]]<$s} { my SwapColumn $c incr moves } elseif {[string is integer -strict $i] && $i>0 && $i<=$s} { my SwapRow [expr {$i - 1}] incr moves } else { puts "Error: bad selection" } puts "" } puts "\nYou win! (You took $moves moves.)"
}
}
Flip create flip 3 flip play </lang>
- Example game:
You are trying to get to: .XX XXX X.X Current configuration (#0): abc 1 .X. 2 ..X 3 X.. Pick a column (letter) or row (number) to flip: 2 Current configuration (#1): abc 1 .X. 2 XX. 3 X.. Pick a column (letter) or row (number) to flip: c Current configuration (#2): abc 1 .XX 2 XXX 3 X.X You win! (You took 2 moves.)