Fibonacci heap
Fibonacci heap
- Task
- Implement queue operations for fibonacci heaps. Where H is heap, x node with data value, k integer.
- Operations:
- MakeHeap() - create new empty Fibonacci heap
- Insert(H,x) - insert new element x into heap H
- Union(H1, H2) - union heap H1 and heap H2
- Minimum(H) - return minimum value from heap H
- ExtractMin(H) - (or DeleteMin(H)) - return minimum value from heap H and remove it from heap
- DecreaseKey(H,x,k) - ecrease value of element x in heap H to value k
- Delete(H,x) - remove element x from heap H
Contents
Python
<lang forth> class FibonacciHeap:
# internal node class
class Node:
def __init__(self, data):
self.data = data
self.parent = self.child = self.left = self.right = None
self.degree = 0
self.mark = False
# function to iterate through a doubly linked list
def iterate(self, head):
node = stop = head
flag = False
while True:
if node == stop and flag is True:
break
elif node == stop:
flag = True
yield node
node = node.right
# pointer to the head and minimum node in the root list
root_list, min_node = None, None
# maintain total node count in full fibonacci heap
total_nodes = 0
# return min node in O(1) time
def find_min(self):
return self.min_node
# extract (delete) the min node from the heap in O(log n) time
# amortized cost analysis can be found here (http://bit.ly/1ow1Clm)
def extract_min(self):
z = self.min_node
if z is not None:
if z.child is not None:
# attach child nodes to root list
children = [x for x in self.iterate(z.child)]
for i in xrange(0, len(children)):
self.merge_with_root_list(children[i])
children[i].parent = None
self.remove_from_root_list(z)
# set new min node in heap
if z == z.right:
self.min_node = self.root_list = None
else:
self.min_node = z.right
self.consolidate()
self.total_nodes -= 1
return z
# insert new node into the unordered root list in O(1) time
def insert(self, data):
n = self.Node(data)
n.left = n.right = n
self.merge_with_root_list(n)
if self.min_node is None or n.data < self.min_node.data:
self.min_node = n
self.total_nodes += 1
# modify the data of some node in the heap in O(1) time
def decrease_key(self, x, k):
if k > x.data:
return None
x.data = k
y = x.parent
if y is not None and x.data < y.data:
self.cut(x, y)
self.cascading_cut(y)
if x.data < self.min_node.data:
self.min_node = x
# merge two fibonacci heaps in O(1) time by concatenating the root lists
# the root of the new root list becomes equal to the first list and the second
# list is simply appended to the end (then the proper min node is determined)
def merge(self, h2):
H = FibonacciHeap()
H.root_list, H.min_node = self.root_list, self.min_node
# fix pointers when merging the two heaps
last = h2.root_list.left
h2.root_list.left = H.root_list.left
H.root_list.left.right = h2.root_list
H.root_list.left = last
H.root_list.left.right = H.root_list
# update min node if needed
if h2.min_node.data < H.min_node.data:
H.min_node = h2.min_node
# update total nodes
H.total_nodes = self.total_nodes + h2.total_nodes
return H
# if a child node becomes smaller than its parent node we
# cut this child node off and bring it up to the root list
def cut(self, x, y):
self.remove_from_child_list(y, x)
y.degree -= 1
self.merge_with_root_list(x)
x.parent = None
x.mark = False
# cascading cut of parent node to obtain good time bounds
def cascading_cut(self, y):
z = y.parent
if z is not None:
if y.mark is False:
y.mark = True
else:
self.cut(y, z)
self.cascading_cut(z)
# combine root nodes of equal degree to consolidate the heap
# by creating a list of unordered binomial trees
def consolidate(self):
A = [None] * self.total_nodes
nodes = [w for w in self.iterate(self.root_list)]
for w in xrange(0, len(nodes)):
x = nodes[w]
d = x.degree
while A[d] != None:
y = A[d]
if x.data > y.data:
temp = x
x, y = y, temp
self.heap_link(y, x)
A[d] = None
d += 1
A[d] = x
# find new min node - no need to reconstruct new root list below
# because root list was iteratively changing as we were moving
# nodes around in the above loop
for i in xrange(0, len(A)):
if A[i] is not None:
if A[i].data < self.min_node.data:
self.min_node = A[i]
# actual linking of one node to another in the root list
# while also updating the child linked list
def heap_link(self, y, x):
self.remove_from_root_list(y)
y.left = y.right = y
self.merge_with_child_list(x, y)
x.degree += 1
y.parent = x
y.mark = False
# merge a node with the doubly linked root list
def merge_with_root_list(self, node):
if self.root_list is None:
self.root_list = node
else:
node.right = self.root_list.right
node.left = self.root_list
self.root_list.right.left = node
self.root_list.right = node
# merge a node with the doubly linked child list of a root node
def merge_with_child_list(self, parent, node):
if parent.child is None:
parent.child = node
else:
node.right = parent.child.right
node.left = parent.child
parent.child.right.left = node
parent.child.right = node
# remove a node from the doubly linked root list
def remove_from_root_list(self, node):
if node == self.root_list:
self.root_list = node.right
node.left.right = node.right
node.right.left = node.left
# remove a node from the doubly linked child list
def remove_from_child_list(self, parent, node):
if parent.child == parent.child.right:
parent.child = None
elif parent.child == node:
parent.child = node.right
node.right.parent = parent
node.left.right = node.right
node.right.left = node.left
</lang>
C++
<lang forth> template <class V> class FibonacciHeap;
template <class V> struct node { private: node<V>* prev; node<V>* next; node<V>* child; node<V>* parent; V value; int degree; bool marked; public: friend class FibonacciHeap<V>; node<V>* getPrev() {return prev;} node<V>* getNext() {return next;} node<V>* getChild() {return child;} node<V>* getParent() {return parent;} V getValue() {return value;} bool isMarked() {return marked;}
bool hasChildren() {return child;} bool hasParent() {return parent;} };
template <class V> class FibonacciHeap { protected: node<V>* heap; public:
FibonacciHeap() { heap=_empty(); } virtual ~FibonacciHeap() { if(heap) { _deleteAll(heap); } } node<V>* insert(V value) { node<V>* ret=_singleton(value); heap=_merge(heap,ret); return ret; } void merge(FibonacciHeap& other) { heap=_merge(heap,other.heap); other.heap=_empty(); }
bool isEmpty() { return heap==NULL; }
V getMinimum() { return heap->value; }
V removeMinimum() { node<V>* old=heap; heap=_removeMinimum(heap); V ret=old->value; delete old; return ret; }
void decreaseKey(node<V>* n,V value) { heap=_decreaseKey(heap,n,value); }
node<V>* find(V value) { return _find(heap,value); } private: node<V>* _empty() { return NULL; }
node<V>* _singleton(V value) { node<V>* n=new node<V>; n->value=value; n->prev=n->next=n; n->degree=0; n->marked=false; n->child=NULL; n->parent=NULL; return n; }
node<V>* _merge(node<V>* a,node<V>* b) { if(a==NULL)return b; if(b==NULL)return a; if(a->value>b->value) { node<V>* temp=a; a=b; b=temp; } node<V>* an=a->next; node<V>* bp=b->prev; a->next=b; b->prev=a; an->prev=bp; bp->next=an; return a; }
void _deleteAll(node<V>* n) { if(n!=NULL) { node<V>* c=n; do { node<V>* d=c; c=c->next; _deleteAll(d->child); delete d; } while(c!=n); } }
void _addChild(node<V>* parent,node<V>* child) { child->prev=child->next=child; child->parent=parent; parent->degree++; parent->child=_merge(parent->child,child); }
void _unMarkAndUnParentAll(node<V>* n) { if(n==NULL)return; node<V>* c=n; do { c->marked=false; c->parent=NULL; c=c->next; }while(c!=n); }
node<V>* _removeMinimum(node<V>* n) { _unMarkAndUnParentAll(n->child); if(n->next==n) { n=n->child; } else { n->next->prev=n->prev; n->prev->next=n->next; n=_merge(n->next,n->child); } if(n==NULL)return n; node<V>* trees[64]={NULL};
while(true) { if(trees[n->degree]!=NULL) { node<V>* t=trees[n->degree]; if(t==n)break; trees[n->degree]=NULL; if(n->value<t->value) { t->prev->next=t->next; t->next->prev=t->prev; _addChild(n,t); } else { t->prev->next=t->next; t->next->prev=t->prev; if(n->next==n) { t->next=t->prev=t; _addChild(t,n); n=t; } else { n->prev->next=t; n->next->prev=t; t->next=n->next; t->prev=n->prev; _addChild(t,n); n=t; } } continue; } else { trees[n->degree]=n; } n=n->next; } node<V>* min=n; do { if(n->value<min->value)min=n; n=n->next; } while(n!=n); return min; }
node<V>* _cut(node<V>* heap,node<V>* n) { if(n->next==n) { n->parent->child=NULL; } else { n->next->prev=n->prev; n->prev->next=n->next; n->parent->child=n->next; } n->next=n->prev=n; n->marked=false; return _merge(heap,n); }
node<V>* _decreaseKey(node<V>* heap,node<V>* n,V value) { if(n->value<value)return heap; n->value=value; if(n->value<n->parent->value) { heap=_cut(heap,n); node<V>* parent=n->parent; n->parent=NULL; while(parent!=NULL && parent->marked) { heap=_cut(heap,parent); n=parent; parent=n->parent; n->parent=NULL; } if(parent!=NULL && parent->parent!=NULL)parent->marked=true; } return heap; }
node<V>* _find(node<V>* heap,V value) { node<V>* n=heap; if(n==NULL)return NULL; do { if(n->value==value)return n; node<V>* ret=_find(n->child,value); if(ret)return ret; n=n->next; }while(n!=heap); return NULL; } }; </lang>